Applying numerical simulation technology to investigate fluid-solid interaction involving complex curved bound-aries is vital in aircraft design,ocean,and construction engineering.However,current methods such as Latti...Applying numerical simulation technology to investigate fluid-solid interaction involving complex curved bound-aries is vital in aircraft design,ocean,and construction engineering.However,current methods such as Lattice Boltzmann(LBM)and the immersion boundary method based on solid ratio(IMB)have limitations in identifying custom curved boundaries.Meanwhile,IBM based on velocity correction(IBM-VC)suffers from inaccuracies and numerical instability.Therefore,this study introduces a high-accuracy curve boundary recognition method(IMB-CB),which identifies boundary nodes by moving the search box,and corrects the weighting function in LBM by calculating the solid ratio of the boundary nodes,achieving accurate recognition of custom curve boundaries.In addition,curve boundary image and dot methods are utilized to verify IMB-CB.The findings revealed that IMB-CB can accurately identify the boundary,showing an error of less than 1.8%with 500 lattices.Also,the flow in the custom curve boundary and aerodynamic characteristics of the NACA0012 airfoil are calculated and compared to IBM-VC.Results showed that IMB-CB yields lower lift and drag coefficient errors than IBM-VC,with a 1.45%drag coefficient error.In addition,the characteristic curve of IMB-CB is very stable,whereas that of IBM-VC is not.For the moving boundary problem,LBM-IMB-CB with discrete element method(DEM)is capable of accurately simulating the physical phenomena of multi-moving particle flow in complex curved pipelines.This research proposes a new curve boundary recognition method,which can significantly promote the stability and accuracy of fluid-solid interaction simulations and thus has huge applications in engineering.展开更多
A facile ammonium-dichromate solution immersion method was introduced to synthesize the copperwettable Cr3C2 coating on and inside the carbon-carbon （C/C） preform. The formation mechanism and the microstructures of ...A facile ammonium-dichromate solution immersion method was introduced to synthesize the copperwettable Cr3C2 coating on and inside the carbon-carbon （C/C） preform. The formation mechanism and the microstructures of the Cr3C2 coatings were studied. The contact angle between molten copper and the C/C decreased from 140°to 60°, demonstrating the significant improvement in the wettability. The Cr3C2- coated C/C-Cu composite with only 4.2% porosity and 3.69 gcm^-3 density was manufactured through copper infiltration. As a result, the thermal and electrical conductivity of the modified C/C-Cu increased significantly due to the infiltrated copper. Also the mechanical properties of the composites including both the flexural and compressive strengths were enhanced by over 100%. The modified C/C-Cu composite exhibited lower friction coefficients and wear rates for different load levels than those of the commercial C/Cu composite. These results demonstrate the potential of the modified C/C-Cu material for use in electrical contacts.展开更多
The lattice Boltzmann method （LBM） and the immersed boundary method （IBM） are alternative, com- putational techniques for solving complex fluid dynamics systems, and can take the place of the Navier-Stokes（N- S）...The lattice Boltzmann method （LBM） and the immersed boundary method （IBM） are alternative, com- putational techniques for solving complex fluid dynamics systems, and can take the place of the Navier-Stokes（N- S） equation. This paper proposes a novel immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method （IB-LBM） based on the feedback law. The method uses the immersed boundary concept in the LBM framework to capture the coupling between a body with complex geometry and a uniform fluid, Then, the flows around a stationary circular cylinder and two circular cylinders in a side by side arrangement are simulated by using the method. Results are agreed well with the benchmark data, so, the capability of the method for complex geometry is demonstrated. Different from the conventional IB-LBM, which uses the Hook＇s law or the direct forcing method to compute the interae- tion force, the method uses the feedback law--the feedback of velocity field and displacement information to calculate the force, thus ensuring the method has advantages of easy implementation and full parallelism.展开更多
A numerical study of linear wave scattering over a floating platform has been simulated by an efficient numericalmodel in this letter.The non-hydrostatic model is used to simulate the free surface and the uneven botto...A numerical study of linear wave scattering over a floating platform has been simulated by an efficient numericalmodel in this letter.The non-hydrostatic model is used to simulate the free surface and the uneven bottom.For thesolid body modelling,the immersed boundary method(IBM)is implemented by introducing a virtual boundaryforce into the momentum equations to emulate the boundary conditions.This implementation enhances theability of the model to simulate interactions between waves and floating structures.A numerical case involvingwave interactions with a floating platform is studied to validate the numerical model.By simulating the wavepropagation,the numerical model captures the variation of the wave scattering very well,which verifies theperformance of the numerical model and the robust strategy of the IBM.展开更多
A computational framework for parachute inflation is developed based on the immersed boundary/finite element approach within the open-source IBAMR library.The fluid motion is solved by Peskin's diffuse-interface i...A computational framework for parachute inflation is developed based on the immersed boundary/finite element approach within the open-source IBAMR library.The fluid motion is solved by Peskin's diffuse-interface immersed boundary(IB)method,which is attractive for simulating moving-boundary flows with large deformations.The adaptive mesh refinement technique is employed to reduce the computational cost while retain the desired resolution.The dynamic response of the parachute is solved with the finite element approach.The canopy and cables of the parachute system are modeled with the hyperelastic material.A tether force is introduced to impose rigidity constraints for the parachute system.The accuracy and reliability of the present framework is validated by simulating inflation of a constrained square plate.Application of the present framework on several canonical cases further demonstrates its versatility for simulation of parachute inflation.展开更多
Fluid-structure-particle interactions in three spatial dimensions happen in many environmental and engineering flows.This paper presents the parallel algorithms for the hybrid diffuse and sharp interface immersed boun...Fluid-structure-particle interactions in three spatial dimensions happen in many environmental and engineering flows.This paper presents the parallel algorithms for the hybrid diffuse and sharp interface immersed boundary(IB)method developed in our previous work.For the moving structure modeled using the sharp interface IB method,a recursive box method is developed for efficiently classifying the background grid nodes.For the particles modeled using the diffuse interface IB method,a‘master-slave’approach is adopted.For the particle-particle interaction(PPI)and particle-structure interaction(PSI),a fast algorithm for classifying the active and inactive Lagrangian points,which discretize the particle surface,is developed for the‘dry’contact approach.The results show that the proposed recursive box method can reduce the classifying time from 52seconds to 0.3 seconds.Acceptable parallel efficiency is obtained for cases with different particle concentrations.Furthermore,the lubrication model is utilized when a particle approaches a wall,enabling an accurate simulation of the rebounding phenomena in the benchmark particle-wall collision problem.At last,the capability of the proposed computational framework is demonstrated by simulating particle-laden turbulent channel flows with rough walls.展开更多
A large eddy simulation （LES） of the flows around an underwater vehicle model at intermediate Reynolds numbers is performed. The underwater vehicle model is taken as the DARPA SUBOFF with full appendages, where the ...A large eddy simulation （LES） of the flows around an underwater vehicle model at intermediate Reynolds numbers is performed. The underwater vehicle model is taken as the DARPA SUBOFF with full appendages, where the Reynolds number based on the hull length is 1.0x 105, An immersed boundary method based on the moving-least-squares reconstruction is used to handle the complex geometric boundaries. The adaptive mesh refinement is utilized to resolve the flows near the hull, The parallel scalabilities of the flow solver are tested on meshes with the number of cells varying from 50 million to 3.2 billion, The parallel solver reaches nearly linear scalability for the flows around the underwater vehicle model, The present simulation captures the essential features of the vortex structures near the hull and in the wake, Both of the time-averaged pressure coefficients and srreamwise velocity profiles obtained from the LES are consistent with the characteristics of the flows pass an appended axisymmetric body. The code efficiency and its correct predictions on flow features allow us to perform the full-scale simulations on tens of thousands of cores with billions of grid points for higher-Reynolds-number flows around the underwater vehicles.展开更多
The aim of this study is to develop a model of fluid and heat transfer in a biological tissue taking into account the exact structure of the related microvascular network,and to analyze the influence of structural cha...The aim of this study is to develop a model of fluid and heat transfer in a biological tissue taking into account the exact structure of the related microvascular network,and to analyze the influence of structural changes of such a network induced by diabetes.A cubic region representing local skin tissue is selected as the computational domain,which in turn includes two intravascular and extravascular sub-domains.To save computational resources,the capillary network is reduced to a 1D pipeline model and embedded into the extravascular region.On the basis of the immersed boundary method(IBM)strategy,fluid and heat fluxes across a capillary wall are distributed to the surrounding tissue nodes by a delta function.We consider both steady and periodic blood pressure conditions at the entrances of the capillary network.Under steady blood pressure conditions,both the interstitial fluid pressure and tissue temperature around the capillary network are larger than those in other places.When the periodic blood pressure condition is considered,tissue temperature tends to fluctuate with the same frequency of the forcing,but the related waveform displays a smaller amplitude and a certain time(phase)delay.When the connectivity of capillary network is diminished,the capacity of blood redistribution through the capillary network becomes weaker and a subset of the vessel branches lose blood flow,which further aggravates the amplitude attenuation and time delay of the skin temperature fluctuation.展开更多
A numerical study of vortex-induced rotations(VIRs) of an equivalent triangular cylinder, which is free to rotate in the azimuthal direction in a uniform flow, is presented. Based on an immersed boundary method, the n...A numerical study of vortex-induced rotations(VIRs) of an equivalent triangular cylinder, which is free to rotate in the azimuthal direction in a uniform flow, is presented. Based on an immersed boundary method, the numerical model is established, and is verified through the benchmark problem of flow past a freely rotating rectangular body.The computation is performed for a fixed reduced mass of m~*=2.0 and the structural stiffness and damping ratio are set to zero. The effects of Reynolds number(Re=25-180) on the characteristics of VIR are studied. It is found that the dynamic response of the triangular cylinder exhibits four distinct modes with increasing Re: a rest position,periodic rotational oscillation, random rotation and autorotation. For the rotational oscillation mode, the cylinder undergoes a periodic vibration around an equilibrium position with one side facing the incoming flow. Since the rotation effect, the outset of vortex shedding from cylinder shifts to a much lower Reynolds number. Further increase in Re leads to 2 P and P+S vortex shedding modes besides the typical 2 S pattern. Our simulation results also elucidate that the free rotation significantly changes the drag and lift forces. Inspired by these facts, the effect of free rotation on flow-induced vibration of a triangular cylinder in the in-line and transverse directions is investigated. The results show that when the translational vibration is coupled with rotation, the triangular cylinder presents a galloping response instead of vortex-induced vibration(VIV).展开更多
This paper presents an improved unstructured grid immersed boundary method.The advantages of both immersed boundary method and body fitted grids which are generated by unstructured grid technology are used to enhance ...This paper presents an improved unstructured grid immersed boundary method.The advantages of both immersed boundary method and body fitted grids which are generated by unstructured grid technology are used to enhance the computation efficiency of fluid structure interaction in complex domain.The Navier-Stokes equation was discretized spacially with collocated finite volume method and Euler implicit method in time domain.The rigid body motion was simulated by immersed boundary method in which the fluid and rigid body interface interaction was dealt with VOS(volume of solid) method.A new VOS calculation method based on graph was presented in which both immersed boundary points and cross points were collected in arbitrary order to form a graph.The method is verified with flow past oscillating cylinder.展开更多
In this paper,a class of new immersed interface finite element methods (IIFEM) is developed to solve elasticity interface problems with homogeneous and non-homogeneous jump conditions in two dimensions.Simple non-body...In this paper,a class of new immersed interface finite element methods (IIFEM) is developed to solve elasticity interface problems with homogeneous and non-homogeneous jump conditions in two dimensions.Simple non-body-fitted meshes are used.For homogeneous jump conditions,both non-conforming and conforming basis functions are constructed in such a way that they satisfy the natural jump conditions. For non-homogeneous jump conditions,a pair of functions that satisfy the same non-homogeneous jump conditions are constructed using a level-set representation of the interface.With such a pair of functions,the discontinuities across the interface in the solution and flux are removed;and an equivalent elasticity interface problem with homogeneous jump conditions is formulated.Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate that such methods have second order convergence.展开更多
The immersed boundary method is an effective technique for modeling and simulating fluid-structure interactions especially in the area of biomechanics.This paper analyzes the accuracy of the immersed boundary method.T...The immersed boundary method is an effective technique for modeling and simulating fluid-structure interactions especially in the area of biomechanics.This paper analyzes the accuracy of the immersed boundary method.The procedure contains two parts,i.e.,the code verification and the accuracy analysis.The code verification provides the confidence that the code used is free of mistakes,and the accuracy analysis gives the order of accuracy of the immersed boundary method.The method of manufactured solutions is taken as a means for both parts.In the first part,the numerical code employs a second-order discretization scheme,i.e.,it has second-order accuracy in theory.It matches the calculated order of accuracy obtained in the numerical calculation for all variables.This means that the code contains no mistake,which is a premise of the subsequent work.The second part introduces a jump in the manufactured solution for the pressure and adds the corresponding singular forcing terms in the momentum equations.By analyzing the discretization errors,the accuracy of the immersed boundary method is proven to be first order even though the discretization scheme is second order.It has been found that the coarser mesh may not be sensitive enough to capture the influence of the immersed boundary,and the refinement on the Lagrangian markers barely has any effect on the numerical calculation.展开更多
Currently, many studies on the local discontinuous Galerkin method focus on the Cartesian grid with low computational e ciency and poor adaptability to complex shapes. A new immersed boundary method is presented, and ...Currently, many studies on the local discontinuous Galerkin method focus on the Cartesian grid with low computational e ciency and poor adaptability to complex shapes. A new immersed boundary method is presented, and this method employs the adaptive Cartesian grid to improve the adaptability to complex shapes and the immersed boundary to increase computational e ciency. The new immersed boundary method employs different boundary cells(the physical cell and ghost cell) to impose the boundary condition and the reconstruction algorithm of the ghost cell is the key for this method. The classical model elliptic equation is used to test the method. This method is tested and analyzed from the viewpoints of boundary cell type, error distribution and accuracy. The numerical result shows that the presented method has low error and a good rate of the convergence and works well in complex geometries. The method has good prospect for practical application research of the numerical calculation research.展开更多
A method combining the immersed boundary technique and a multi- relaxation-time （MRT） lattice Boltzmann flux solver （LBFS） is presented for numerical simulation of incompressible flows over circular and elliptic c...A method combining the immersed boundary technique and a multi- relaxation-time （MRT） lattice Boltzmann flux solver （LBFS） is presented for numerical simulation of incompressible flows over circular and elliptic cylinders and NACA 0012 Airfoil. The method uses a simple Cartesian mesh to simulate flows past immersed complicated bodies. With the Chapman-Enskog expansion analysis, a transform is performed between the Navier-Stokes and lattice Boltzmann equations （LBEs）. The LBFS is used to discretize the macroscopic differential equations with a finite volume method and evaluate the interface fluxes through local reconstruction of the lattice Boltzmann solution. The immersed boundary technique is used to correct the intermediate velocity around the solid boundary to satisfy the no-slip boundary condition. Agreement of simulation results with the data found in the literature shows reliability of the proposed method in simulating laminar flows on a Cartesian mesh.展开更多
The immersed boundary method has been widely used for simulating flows over complex geometries.However,its accuracy in predicting the statistics of near-wall turbulence has not been fully tested.In this work,we evalua...The immersed boundary method has been widely used for simulating flows over complex geometries.However,its accuracy in predicting the statistics of near-wall turbulence has not been fully tested.In this work,we evaluate the capability of the curvilinear immersed boundary(CURVIB)method in predicting near-wall velocity and pressure fluctuations in turbulent channel flows.Simulation results show that quantities including the time-averaged streamwise velocity,the rms(root-mean-square)of velocity fluctuations,the rms of vorticity fluctuations,the shear stresses,and the correlation coefficients of u'and v"computed from the CURVIB simulations are in good agreement with those from the body-fitted simulations.More importantly,it is found that the time-averaged pressure,the rms and wavenumber-frequency spectra of pressure fluctuations computed using the CURVIB method agree well with the body-fitted results.展开更多
We present a cut-cell method for the simulation of 2D incompressible flows past obstacles.It consists in using the MAC scheme on cartesian grids and imposing Dirchlet boundary conditions for the velocity field on the ...We present a cut-cell method for the simulation of 2D incompressible flows past obstacles.It consists in using the MAC scheme on cartesian grids and imposing Dirchlet boundary conditions for the velocity field on the boundary of solid structures following the Shortley-Weller formulation.In order to ensure local conservation properties,viscous and convecting terms are discretized in a finite volume way.The scheme is second order implicit in time for the linear part,the linear systems are solved by the use of the capacitance matrix method for non-moving obstacles.Numerical results of flows around an impulsively started circular cylinder are presented which confirm the efficiency of the method,for Reynolds numbers 1000 and 3000.An example of flows around a moving rigid body at Reynolds number 800 is also shown,a solver using the PETSc-Library has been prefered in this context to solve the linear systems.展开更多
In the current study,the treatment of air/water interface has been made on dam-break induced tsunami-like wave by the Coupled Level Set and Volume of Fluid(CLSVOF)three-dimensional modelling.The overall CLSVOF method ...In the current study,the treatment of air/water interface has been made on dam-break induced tsunami-like wave by the Coupled Level Set and Volume of Fluid(CLSVOF)three-dimensional modelling.The overall CLSVOF method adopts a Tangent of Hy-perbola for INterface Capturing(THINC)scheme with the Weighted Linear Interface Calculation(WLIC)and Level Set(LS)function for capturing interface and calculating normal vector,respectively.As far as THINC/WLIC scheme is concerned,since the convection problem of the VOF function can be solved well,the numerical diffusion can be avoided.The spatial terms in the LS equation were discretized by the Optimized Compact Reconstruction Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory(OCRWENO)scheme with fourth-order accuracy,which can avoid false oscillation of LS solution.By combining CLSVOF method with Immersed Boundary(IB)method,the simulation of dam-break induced tsunami-like wave impacting on a stationary breakwater can be carried out.Grid sensitivity,mass error and free-surface profile are first calculated for the tsunami-like wave problem to validate the proposed numerical algorithm,which shows excellent agreement between the numerical results and experimental data.Tsunami-like waves with varied tailgater levels are then investigated.Calculations of velocity magnitude,free-surface profile and wave elevation of the tsunami-like wave are conducted to investigate its dynamics and kinematics.展开更多
A new and computationally efficient version of the immersed boundary method,which is combined with the coarse-graining method,is introduced for modeling inextensible filaments immersed in low-Reynolds number flows.Thi...A new and computationally efficient version of the immersed boundary method,which is combined with the coarse-graining method,is introduced for modeling inextensible filaments immersed in low-Reynolds number flows.This is used to represent actin biopolymers,which are constituent elements of the cytoskeleton,a complex network-like structure that plays a fundamental role in shape morphology.An extension of the traditional immersed boundary method to include a stochastic stress tensor is also proposed in order to model the thermal fluctuations in the fluid at smaller scales.By way of validation,the response of a single,massless,inextensible semiflexible filament immersed in a thermally fluctuating fluid is obtained using the suggested numerical scheme and the resulting time-averaged contraction of the filament is compared to the theoretical value obtained from the worm-like chain model.展开更多
An iterative direct-forcing immersed boundary method is extended and used to solve convection heat transfer problems.The pressure,momentum source,and heat source at immersed boundary points are calculated simultaneous...An iterative direct-forcing immersed boundary method is extended and used to solve convection heat transfer problems.The pressure,momentum source,and heat source at immersed boundary points are calculated simultaneously to achieve the best coupling.Solutions of convection heat transfer problems with both Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions are presented.Two approaches for the implementation of Neumann boundary condition,i.e.direct and indirect methods,are introduced and compared in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency.Validation test cases include forced convection on a heated cylinder in an unbounded flow field and mixed convection around a circular body in a lid-driven cavity.Furthermore,the proposed method is applied to study the mixed convection around a heated rotating cylinder in a square enclosure with both iso-heat flux and iso-thermal boundary conditions.Computational results show that the order of accuracy of the indirect method is less than the direct method.However,the indirect method takes less computational time both in terms of the implementation of the boundary condition and the post processing time required to compute the heat transfer variables such as the Nusselt number.It is concluded that the iterative direct-forcing immersed boundary method is a powerful technique for the solution of convection heat transfer problems with stationary/moving boundaries and various boundary conditions.展开更多
Most algorithms of the immersed boundary method originated by Peskin are explicit when it comes to the computation of the elastic forces exerted by the immersed boundary to the fluid. A drawback of such an explicit ap...Most algorithms of the immersed boundary method originated by Peskin are explicit when it comes to the computation of the elastic forces exerted by the immersed boundary to the fluid. A drawback of such an explicit approach is a severe restriction on the time step size for maintaining numerical stability. An implicit immersed boundary method in two dimensions using the lattice Boltzmann approach has been proposed. This paper reports an extension of the method to three dimensions and its application to simulation of a massive flexible sheet interacting with an incompressible viscous flow.展开更多
基金WJD,JYZ,CLC,ZX,and ZGY were supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number 51705143)the Education Department of Hunan Province(Grant Number 22B0464)the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province(Grant Number QL20230249).
文摘Applying numerical simulation technology to investigate fluid-solid interaction involving complex curved bound-aries is vital in aircraft design,ocean,and construction engineering.However,current methods such as Lattice Boltzmann(LBM)and the immersion boundary method based on solid ratio(IMB)have limitations in identifying custom curved boundaries.Meanwhile,IBM based on velocity correction(IBM-VC)suffers from inaccuracies and numerical instability.Therefore,this study introduces a high-accuracy curve boundary recognition method(IMB-CB),which identifies boundary nodes by moving the search box,and corrects the weighting function in LBM by calculating the solid ratio of the boundary nodes,achieving accurate recognition of custom curve boundaries.In addition,curve boundary image and dot methods are utilized to verify IMB-CB.The findings revealed that IMB-CB can accurately identify the boundary,showing an error of less than 1.8%with 500 lattices.Also,the flow in the custom curve boundary and aerodynamic characteristics of the NACA0012 airfoil are calculated and compared to IBM-VC.Results showed that IMB-CB yields lower lift and drag coefficient errors than IBM-VC,with a 1.45%drag coefficient error.In addition,the characteristic curve of IMB-CB is very stable,whereas that of IBM-VC is not.For the moving boundary problem,LBM-IMB-CB with discrete element method(DEM)is capable of accurately simulating the physical phenomena of multi-moving particle flow in complex curved pipelines.This research proposes a new curve boundary recognition method,which can significantly promote the stability and accuracy of fluid-solid interaction simulations and thus has huge applications in engineering.
基金the financial support from of the National Basic Research Program of China (Nos. 2012CB619600 and 2011CB012803)
文摘A facile ammonium-dichromate solution immersion method was introduced to synthesize the copperwettable Cr3C2 coating on and inside the carbon-carbon （C/C） preform. The formation mechanism and the microstructures of the Cr3C2 coatings were studied. The contact angle between molten copper and the C/C decreased from 140°to 60°, demonstrating the significant improvement in the wettability. The Cr3C2- coated C/C-Cu composite with only 4.2% porosity and 3.69 gcm^-3 density was manufactured through copper infiltration. As a result, the thermal and electrical conductivity of the modified C/C-Cu increased significantly due to the infiltrated copper. Also the mechanical properties of the composites including both the flexural and compressive strengths were enhanced by over 100%. The modified C/C-Cu composite exhibited lower friction coefficients and wear rates for different load levels than those of the commercial C/Cu composite. These results demonstrate the potential of the modified C/C-Cu material for use in electrical contacts.
基金Supported by the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(20111453012)the National Defense Pre-Research Foundation of China(9140A13040111HK0329)~~
文摘The lattice Boltzmann method （LBM） and the immersed boundary method （IBM） are alternative, com- putational techniques for solving complex fluid dynamics systems, and can take the place of the Navier-Stokes（N- S） equation. This paper proposes a novel immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method （IB-LBM） based on the feedback law. The method uses the immersed boundary concept in the LBM framework to capture the coupling between a body with complex geometry and a uniform fluid, Then, the flows around a stationary circular cylinder and two circular cylinders in a side by side arrangement are simulated by using the method. Results are agreed well with the benchmark data, so, the capability of the method for complex geometry is demonstrated. Different from the conventional IB-LBM, which uses the Hook＇s law or the direct forcing method to compute the interae- tion force, the method uses the feedback law--the feedback of velocity field and displacement information to calculate the force, thus ensuring the method has advantages of easy implementation and full parallelism.
基金supported by Shanghai 2021“Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan”:Scientific and Technological Projects for Social Development(Grant No.21DZ1202701).
文摘A numerical study of linear wave scattering over a floating platform has been simulated by an efficient numericalmodel in this letter.The non-hydrostatic model is used to simulate the free surface and the uneven bottom.For thesolid body modelling,the immersed boundary method(IBM)is implemented by introducing a virtual boundaryforce into the momentum equations to emulate the boundary conditions.This implementation enhances theability of the model to simulate interactions between waves and floating structures.A numerical case involvingwave interactions with a floating platform is studied to validate the numerical model.By simulating the wavepropagation,the numerical model captures the variation of the wave scattering very well,which verifies theperformance of the numerical model and the robust strategy of the IBM.
基金supported by the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Aerospace EDLA,CASC(No.EDL19092208)。
文摘A computational framework for parachute inflation is developed based on the immersed boundary/finite element approach within the open-source IBAMR library.The fluid motion is solved by Peskin's diffuse-interface immersed boundary(IB)method,which is attractive for simulating moving-boundary flows with large deformations.The adaptive mesh refinement technique is employed to reduce the computational cost while retain the desired resolution.The dynamic response of the parachute is solved with the finite element approach.The canopy and cables of the parachute system are modeled with the hyperelastic material.A tether force is introduced to impose rigidity constraints for the parachute system.The accuracy and reliability of the present framework is validated by simulating inflation of a constrained square plate.Application of the present framework on several canonical cases further demonstrates its versatility for simulation of parachute inflation.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12202456 and12172360)the Basic Science Center Program for“Multiscale Problems in Nonlinear Mechanics”of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11988102)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M693241)。
文摘Fluid-structure-particle interactions in three spatial dimensions happen in many environmental and engineering flows.This paper presents the parallel algorithms for the hybrid diffuse and sharp interface immersed boundary(IB)method developed in our previous work.For the moving structure modeled using the sharp interface IB method,a recursive box method is developed for efficiently classifying the background grid nodes.For the particles modeled using the diffuse interface IB method,a‘master-slave’approach is adopted.For the particle-particle interaction(PPI)and particle-structure interaction(PSI),a fast algorithm for classifying the active and inactive Lagrangian points,which discretize the particle surface,is developed for the‘dry’contact approach.The results show that the proposed recursive box method can reduce the classifying time from 52seconds to 0.3 seconds.Acceptable parallel efficiency is obtained for cases with different particle concentrations.Furthermore,the lubrication model is utilized when a particle approaches a wall,enabling an accurate simulation of the rebounding phenomena in the benchmark particle-wall collision problem.At last,the capability of the proposed computational framework is demonstrated by simulating particle-laden turbulent channel flows with rough walls.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11302238, 11232011. and 11572331)support from the Strategic Priority Research Program (XDB22040104)+1 种基金the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (QYZDJ-SSW-SYS002)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program 2013CB834100: Nonlinear science)
文摘A large eddy simulation （LES） of the flows around an underwater vehicle model at intermediate Reynolds numbers is performed. The underwater vehicle model is taken as the DARPA SUBOFF with full appendages, where the Reynolds number based on the hull length is 1.0x 105, An immersed boundary method based on the moving-least-squares reconstruction is used to handle the complex geometric boundaries. The adaptive mesh refinement is utilized to resolve the flows near the hull, The parallel scalabilities of the flow solver are tested on meshes with the number of cells varying from 50 million to 3.2 billion, The parallel solver reaches nearly linear scalability for the flows around the underwater vehicle model, The present simulation captures the essential features of the vortex structures near the hull and in the wake, Both of the time-averaged pressure coefficients and srreamwise velocity profiles obtained from the LES are consistent with the characteristics of the flows pass an appended axisymmetric body. The code efficiency and its correct predictions on flow features allow us to perform the full-scale simulations on tens of thousands of cores with billions of grid points for higher-Reynolds-number flows around the underwater vehicles.
基金This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC No.51576033)Dalian Innovative Funding of Science and Technology(2018J12SN076)NSFC No 11602053.
文摘The aim of this study is to develop a model of fluid and heat transfer in a biological tissue taking into account the exact structure of the related microvascular network,and to analyze the influence of structural changes of such a network induced by diabetes.A cubic region representing local skin tissue is selected as the computational domain,which in turn includes two intravascular and extravascular sub-domains.To save computational resources,the capillary network is reduced to a 1D pipeline model and embedded into the extravascular region.On the basis of the immersed boundary method(IBM)strategy,fluid and heat fluxes across a capillary wall are distributed to the surrounding tissue nodes by a delta function.We consider both steady and periodic blood pressure conditions at the entrances of the capillary network.Under steady blood pressure conditions,both the interstitial fluid pressure and tissue temperature around the capillary network are larger than those in other places.When the periodic blood pressure condition is considered,tissue temperature tends to fluctuate with the same frequency of the forcing,but the related waveform displays a smaller amplitude and a certain time(phase)delay.When the connectivity of capillary network is diminished,the capacity of blood redistribution through the capillary network becomes weaker and a subset of the vessel branches lose blood flow,which further aggravates the amplitude attenuation and time delay of the skin temperature fluctuation.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.2018B56414 and2019B12014)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51609077)
文摘A numerical study of vortex-induced rotations(VIRs) of an equivalent triangular cylinder, which is free to rotate in the azimuthal direction in a uniform flow, is presented. Based on an immersed boundary method, the numerical model is established, and is verified through the benchmark problem of flow past a freely rotating rectangular body.The computation is performed for a fixed reduced mass of m~*=2.0 and the structural stiffness and damping ratio are set to zero. The effects of Reynolds number(Re=25-180) on the characteristics of VIR are studied. It is found that the dynamic response of the triangular cylinder exhibits four distinct modes with increasing Re: a rest position,periodic rotational oscillation, random rotation and autorotation. For the rotational oscillation mode, the cylinder undergoes a periodic vibration around an equilibrium position with one side facing the incoming flow. Since the rotation effect, the outset of vortex shedding from cylinder shifts to a much lower Reynolds number. Further increase in Re leads to 2 P and P+S vortex shedding modes besides the typical 2 S pattern. Our simulation results also elucidate that the free rotation significantly changes the drag and lift forces. Inspired by these facts, the effect of free rotation on flow-induced vibration of a triangular cylinder in the in-line and transverse directions is investigated. The results show that when the translational vibration is coupled with rotation, the triangular cylinder presents a galloping response instead of vortex-induced vibration(VIV).
文摘This paper presents an improved unstructured grid immersed boundary method.The advantages of both immersed boundary method and body fitted grids which are generated by unstructured grid technology are used to enhance the computation efficiency of fluid structure interaction in complex domain.The Navier-Stokes equation was discretized spacially with collocated finite volume method and Euler implicit method in time domain.The rigid body motion was simulated by immersed boundary method in which the fluid and rigid body interface interaction was dealt with VOS(volume of solid) method.A new VOS calculation method based on graph was presented in which both immersed boundary points and cross points were collected in arbitrary order to form a graph.The method is verified with flow past oscillating cylinder.
基金supported by the US ARO grants 49308-MA and 56349-MAthe US AFSOR grant FA9550-06-1-024+1 种基金he US NSF grant DMS-0911434the State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing of Chinese Academy of Sciences during a visit by Z.Li between July-August,2008.
文摘In this paper,a class of new immersed interface finite element methods (IIFEM) is developed to solve elasticity interface problems with homogeneous and non-homogeneous jump conditions in two dimensions.Simple non-body-fitted meshes are used.For homogeneous jump conditions,both non-conforming and conforming basis functions are constructed in such a way that they satisfy the natural jump conditions. For non-homogeneous jump conditions,a pair of functions that satisfy the same non-homogeneous jump conditions are constructed using a level-set representation of the interface.With such a pair of functions,the discontinuities across the interface in the solution and flux are removed;and an equivalent elasticity interface problem with homogeneous jump conditions is formulated.Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate that such methods have second order convergence.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No 10472070)
文摘The immersed boundary method is an effective technique for modeling and simulating fluid-structure interactions especially in the area of biomechanics.This paper analyzes the accuracy of the immersed boundary method.The procedure contains two parts,i.e.,the code verification and the accuracy analysis.The code verification provides the confidence that the code used is free of mistakes,and the accuracy analysis gives the order of accuracy of the immersed boundary method.The method of manufactured solutions is taken as a means for both parts.In the first part,the numerical code employs a second-order discretization scheme,i.e.,it has second-order accuracy in theory.It matches the calculated order of accuracy obtained in the numerical calculation for all variables.This means that the code contains no mistake,which is a premise of the subsequent work.The second part introduces a jump in the manufactured solution for the pressure and adds the corresponding singular forcing terms in the momentum equations.By analyzing the discretization errors,the accuracy of the immersed boundary method is proven to be first order even though the discretization scheme is second order.It has been found that the coarser mesh may not be sensitive enough to capture the influence of the immersed boundary,and the refinement on the Lagrangian markers barely has any effect on the numerical calculation.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51405375)National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China(973 Program,Grant No.2011CB706606)
文摘Currently, many studies on the local discontinuous Galerkin method focus on the Cartesian grid with low computational e ciency and poor adaptability to complex shapes. A new immersed boundary method is presented, and this method employs the adaptive Cartesian grid to improve the adaptability to complex shapes and the immersed boundary to increase computational e ciency. The new immersed boundary method employs different boundary cells(the physical cell and ghost cell) to impose the boundary condition and the reconstruction algorithm of the ghost cell is the key for this method. The classical model elliptic equation is used to test the method. This method is tested and analyzed from the viewpoints of boundary cell type, error distribution and accuracy. The numerical result shows that the presented method has low error and a good rate of the convergence and works well in complex geometries. The method has good prospect for practical application research of the numerical calculation research.
文摘A method combining the immersed boundary technique and a multi- relaxation-time （MRT） lattice Boltzmann flux solver （LBFS） is presented for numerical simulation of incompressible flows over circular and elliptic cylinders and NACA 0012 Airfoil. The method uses a simple Cartesian mesh to simulate flows past immersed complicated bodies. With the Chapman-Enskog expansion analysis, a transform is performed between the Navier-Stokes and lattice Boltzmann equations （LBEs）. The LBFS is used to discretize the macroscopic differential equations with a finite volume method and evaluate the interface fluxes through local reconstruction of the lattice Boltzmann solution. The immersed boundary technique is used to correct the intermediate velocity around the solid boundary to satisfy the no-slip boundary condition. Agreement of simulation results with the data found in the literature shows reliability of the proposed method in simulating laminar flows on a Cartesian mesh.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Basic Science Center Program for“Multiscale Problems in Nonlinear Mechanics”(No.11988102)the Strategic Priority Research Program,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(No.XDB22040104).
文摘The immersed boundary method has been widely used for simulating flows over complex geometries.However,its accuracy in predicting the statistics of near-wall turbulence has not been fully tested.In this work,we evaluate the capability of the curvilinear immersed boundary(CURVIB)method in predicting near-wall velocity and pressure fluctuations in turbulent channel flows.Simulation results show that quantities including the time-averaged streamwise velocity,the rms(root-mean-square)of velocity fluctuations,the rms of vorticity fluctuations,the shear stresses,and the correlation coefficients of u'and v"computed from the CURVIB simulations are in good agreement with those from the body-fitted simulations.More importantly,it is found that the time-averaged pressure,the rms and wavenumber-frequency spectra of pressure fluctuations computed using the CURVIB method agree well with the body-fitted results.
文摘We present a cut-cell method for the simulation of 2D incompressible flows past obstacles.It consists in using the MAC scheme on cartesian grids and imposing Dirchlet boundary conditions for the velocity field on the boundary of solid structures following the Shortley-Weller formulation.In order to ensure local conservation properties,viscous and convecting terms are discretized in a finite volume way.The scheme is second order implicit in time for the linear part,the linear systems are solved by the use of the capacitance matrix method for non-moving obstacles.Numerical results of flows around an impulsively started circular cylinder are presented which confirm the efficiency of the method,for Reynolds numbers 1000 and 3000.An example of flows around a moving rigid body at Reynolds number 800 is also shown,a solver using the PETSc-Library has been prefered in this context to solve the linear systems.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC0503562207)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51979178)+4 种基金the Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province(Grant No.2019YJ0118)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.YJ201837)the Innovation Spark Project(Grant No.SCUH0049)the Opening Foundation of Sichuan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering(Grant No.Skhl1820)。
文摘In the current study,the treatment of air/water interface has been made on dam-break induced tsunami-like wave by the Coupled Level Set and Volume of Fluid(CLSVOF)three-dimensional modelling.The overall CLSVOF method adopts a Tangent of Hy-perbola for INterface Capturing(THINC)scheme with the Weighted Linear Interface Calculation(WLIC)and Level Set(LS)function for capturing interface and calculating normal vector,respectively.As far as THINC/WLIC scheme is concerned,since the convection problem of the VOF function can be solved well,the numerical diffusion can be avoided.The spatial terms in the LS equation were discretized by the Optimized Compact Reconstruction Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory(OCRWENO)scheme with fourth-order accuracy,which can avoid false oscillation of LS solution.By combining CLSVOF method with Immersed Boundary(IB)method,the simulation of dam-break induced tsunami-like wave impacting on a stationary breakwater can be carried out.Grid sensitivity,mass error and free-surface profile are first calculated for the tsunami-like wave problem to validate the proposed numerical algorithm,which shows excellent agreement between the numerical results and experimental data.Tsunami-like waves with varied tailgater levels are then investigated.Calculations of velocity magnitude,free-surface profile and wave elevation of the tsunami-like wave are conducted to investigate its dynamics and kinematics.
文摘A new and computationally efficient version of the immersed boundary method,which is combined with the coarse-graining method,is introduced for modeling inextensible filaments immersed in low-Reynolds number flows.This is used to represent actin biopolymers,which are constituent elements of the cytoskeleton,a complex network-like structure that plays a fundamental role in shape morphology.An extension of the traditional immersed boundary method to include a stochastic stress tensor is also proposed in order to model the thermal fluctuations in the fluid at smaller scales.By way of validation,the response of a single,massless,inextensible semiflexible filament immersed in a thermally fluctuating fluid is obtained using the suggested numerical scheme and the resulting time-averaged contraction of the filament is compared to the theoretical value obtained from the worm-like chain model.
文摘An iterative direct-forcing immersed boundary method is extended and used to solve convection heat transfer problems.The pressure,momentum source,and heat source at immersed boundary points are calculated simultaneously to achieve the best coupling.Solutions of convection heat transfer problems with both Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions are presented.Two approaches for the implementation of Neumann boundary condition,i.e.direct and indirect methods,are introduced and compared in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency.Validation test cases include forced convection on a heated cylinder in an unbounded flow field and mixed convection around a circular body in a lid-driven cavity.Furthermore,the proposed method is applied to study the mixed convection around a heated rotating cylinder in a square enclosure with both iso-heat flux and iso-thermal boundary conditions.Computational results show that the order of accuracy of the indirect method is less than the direct method.However,the indirect method takes less computational time both in terms of the implementation of the boundary condition and the post processing time required to compute the heat transfer variables such as the Nusselt number.It is concluded that the iterative direct-forcing immersed boundary method is a powerful technique for the solution of convection heat transfer problems with stationary/moving boundaries and various boundary conditions.
基金supported by the US National Science Foundation (DMS-0713718)
文摘Most algorithms of the immersed boundary method originated by Peskin are explicit when it comes to the computation of the elastic forces exerted by the immersed boundary to the fluid. A drawback of such an explicit approach is a severe restriction on the time step size for maintaining numerical stability. An implicit immersed boundary method in two dimensions using the lattice Boltzmann approach has been proposed. This paper reports an extension of the method to three dimensions and its application to simulation of a massive flexible sheet interacting with an incompressible viscous flow.
