Introduction: The differentiation of digestive tumors very often requires the use of techniques currently not widely in use in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), such as immunohistochemistry. This is perfectly ve...Introduction: The differentiation of digestive tumors very often requires the use of techniques currently not widely in use in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), such as immunohistochemistry. This is perfectly verified for GISTs whose precise, or at least highly certain, diagnosis can only be made using immunohistochemical markers. This underuse of these techniques due to lack of equipment and human skills explains the limited epidemiological data available to date, thus leading to untargeted and too often late treatment of patients. Research question: What contribution can immunohistochemical markers make to the diagnosis of digestive tract tumours? Objective: Discuss the contribution of immunohistochemical markers in the diagnosis of GIST and provide basic data on the epidemiology of these nosological entities in Kinshasa. Methodology: This was a retrospective study carried out at the LEBOMA private anatomy and pathological cytology centre. The main inclusion criterion was any digestive tract block or slide whose diagnosis of GIST had been requalified after review by at least 2 pathologists. An immuhistochemical study was performed using an automated technique (with a Ventana XT machine) using a panel of antibodies: CD-117 and DOG-1 which are listed in the literature as strongly correlated with the occurrence of GIST, all slides were made at Hj Hospital using an OLYMPUS BX41 co-observation microscope. Results: Of 601 cases of digestive tumors recorded during the concerned period, 32 (5.32%) concerned GIST. This prevalence was confirmed by our immunohistochemical results where the expression of CD117 and that of DOG-1 were positive in 90.6% and 100% of cases which prevalence is high compared with the worldwide prevalence according to the literature, respectively. The distribution of the patients concerned was made with a sex ratio of 1.6 women/men with a median age of 53 years. Most cases (81%) had a gastric location and were fusiform GISTs. Conclusion: Gastrointestinal stromal tumours, although rare and underestimated, account for 5.32% of cases in the DRC. This is a considerable and high prevalence compared with the world average. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have been carried out on these aspects in the DRC, which explains the importance of this study. The results of this research demonstrated the contribution of these 2 markers as specific and effective biomarkers for optimal and differential diagnosis in GIST. In view of the above, it is therefore more than necessary to popularise the use of these biomarkers in order to contribute effectively to improving the overall management of gastrointestinal tumours by improving their identification.展开更多
Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer in women worldwide. It can be stratified by histological and immunopathological analysis as well as by molecular subtypes. Socioeconomic and cultural...Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer in women worldwide. It can be stratified by histological and immunopathological analysis as well as by molecular subtypes. Socioeconomic and cultural-mediated factors contribute to breast cancer heterogeneity and overall survivability. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of socioeconomic profile on the uptake of immunohistochemistry (IHC) services among women with breast cancer attending tertiary health facilities in Imo State. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among women with breast cancer in Imo State. The instrument for data collection used was a structured questionnaire constructed in line with the objectives of the study. A total of 121 respondents were selected randomly from a target study population of 891 using a systematic sampling technique. The software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used for data analysis. Results: The mean age of the 121 respondents in this study was 45.2 ± 0.7 years. Age and education levels of the respondents were found to significantly influence the utilization of IHC services (P Conclusion: In our study, the consumption of IHC services was influenced significantly by the respondents’ age and level of education. Consequently, public health awareness programmes centred on the importance of IHC services in the management of breast cancer should be encouraged, so as to reach the less educationally endowed and older women in order to save more lives.展开更多
Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women, making it a significant global public health issue. Although developed countries have a higher incidence of breast cancer, developing coun...Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women, making it a significant global public health issue. Although developed countries have a higher incidence of breast cancer, developing countries like Nigeria have a low incidence rate but higher rates of morbidity and mortality from the disease. Objective: This study explored how cues to action influenced the use of immunohistochemistry by women in Imo State and how many of them used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to diagnose their condition. Methodology: We used a descriptive study methodology for the investigation, and 121 participants were chosen at random from the 891 total population. The respondents were chosen through a systematic sampling procedure. Structured questionnaire was used as the data collection tool, and the statistical software for social science (SPSS) was used to analyze the data. Results: The mean age of the 121 participants in the study was 45.2 ± 0.7 years. The study found that awareness of IHC services is a significant influencing factor for the uptake and health personnel is the major source of awareness of IHC services. Cues to action particularly from health workers, as well as knowledge of any victim of breast cancer and user of IHC services, also significantly influenced uptake of the IHC services (P Conclusion: In our study, utilization of IHC services was also impacted by cues to action, particularly from healthcare professionals, as well as awareness of any breast cancer victims and those who used IHC services thus cues to action is a major predicator of immunohistochemistry uptake among women with breast cancer.展开更多
AIM:To assess the role of IgM and IgG immunohistochemistry(IHC) in the evaluation of autoimmune liver conditions-autoimmune hepatitis(AIH),primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC),and primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC).METHODS...AIM:To assess the role of IgM and IgG immunohistochemistry(IHC) in the evaluation of autoimmune liver conditions-autoimmune hepatitis(AIH),primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC),and primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC).METHODS:Forty one biopsies from untreated patients diagnosed with autoimmune liver disease(AIH,n = 20;PBC,n = 13;PSC,n = 8) and fourteen biopsies of patients with chronic hepatitis C were selected.IgM and IgG-positive plasma cells were counted in each sample.RESULTS:A predominance of IgG-positive plasma cells was seen in AIH(90% of cases),PSC(75% of cases),and chronic hepatitis C(100% of cases),while IgMpositive plasma cells predominated in PBC(92.8% ofcases).The IgM /IgG ratio(< 1 or ≥ 1) accurately distinguished PBC from AIH in 90.9% of cases(sensitivity = 92.3%,specificity = 90%),and PBC from either AIH or PSC in 87.8% of cases(sensitivity = 92.3%,specificity = 85.7%).CONCLUSION:Plasmacytic infiltrates expressing predominantly IgM are characteristic of PBC,while other forms of liver disease analyzed in this study,including AIH,typically show an IgG-predominant plasma cell infiltrate.Our data indicate that IgM and IgG IHC may be a useful tool when PBC is a diagnostic consideration.展开更多
Labrasol, as a non-ionic surfactant, can enhance the permeation and absorption of drugs, and is extensively used in topical, transdermal, and oral pharmaceutical preparations as an emulsifier and absorption enhancer. ...Labrasol, as a non-ionic surfactant, can enhance the permeation and absorption of drugs, and is extensively used in topical, transdermal, and oral pharmaceutical preparations as an emulsifier and absorption enhancer. Recent studies in our laboratory have indicated that labrasol has a strong absorption enhancing effect on different types of drugs in vitro and in vivo. This study was performed to further elucidate the action mechanism of labrasol on the corneal penetration. In this research, the fluorescein sodium, a marker of passive paracellular transport of tight junction, was selected as the model drug to assess the effect of labrasol on in vitro corneal permeability. To investigate the continuous and real-time influence of labrasol on the membrane permeability and integrity, the Ussing chamber system was applied to monitor the electrophysiological parameters. And, furthermore, we elucidated the effect of labrasol on excised cornea at the molecular level by application of RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemical staining. The results indicated that labrasol obviously enhance the transcorneal permeability of fluorescein sodium, and the enhancement was realized by interacting with and down-regulating the associated proteins, such as Factin, claudin-1 and β-catenin, which were contributed to cell-cell connections, respectively.展开更多
As a key contributor to memory storage,the synapse is one of the earliest affected neuronal components in Alzheimer′s disease(AD).Under physiological conditions,the synaptic connections between neurons undergo activi...As a key contributor to memory storage,the synapse is one of the earliest affected neuronal components in Alzheimer′s disease(AD).Under physiological conditions,the synaptic connections between neurons undergo activity-dependent functional and morphological re-organisation.This dynamic,‘plastic’neural ability critically depends on the structural integrity of the synapse.Thus,proteins that are implicated in preserving the organisation and dynamics of synaptic connections。展开更多
The biological characteristics of the tumour are used to estimate prognosis and select appropriate systemic therapy for patients with(breast) cancer. The advent of molecular technology has incorporated new biomarkers ...The biological characteristics of the tumour are used to estimate prognosis and select appropriate systemic therapy for patients with(breast) cancer. The advent of molecular technology has incorporated new biomarkers along with immunohistochemical and serum biomarkers. Immunohistochemical markers are often used to guide treatment decisions, to classify breast cancer into subtypes that are biologically distinct and behave differently, and both as prognostic and predictive factors. Steroid hormone receptors, markers of tumour proliferation, and factors involved in angiogenesis and apoptosis are of scientific interest. In this review we will provide information on the immunohistochemical markers used in the management of breast cancer patients using available data from the literature. We consider the utility of established immunohistochemical markers, and discuss the challenges involved in integrating novel molecular markers into clinical practice.展开更多
The changes of carbamyl phosphate synthetase I(CPS 1)in diethylnitrosamine-(DEN)-inducedenzyme-altered liver cells were studied by means of immunohistochemical(PAP)and in situcDNA-mRNA hybridization methods.The experi...The changes of carbamyl phosphate synthetase I(CPS 1)in diethylnitrosamine-(DEN)-inducedenzyme-altered liver cells were studied by means of immunohistochemical(PAP)and in situcDNA-mRNA hybridization methods.The experimental rats were treated with DEN,2-acetylaminofluorene(2-AAF)and 2/3 hepatectomy according to Solt-Farber’s protocol andwere further promoted by oral daily administration of 0.05% phenobarbital in drinking water.The results showed that the average number of lesions showing abnormal expression of CPS1 was relatively constant over the course of the experiment(8 months),while the numberof normally expressing lesions gradually decreased.The former lesions were also largerin volume than the latter ones.We conclude that in DEN-initiated lesions the abnormallyexpressed CPS 1 lesions may grow continuously,thus leading to the formation of largernodules.We also suspect that some of these lesions have increased tendencies to developinto tumors.展开更多
Twelve quarters of six lactating cows were inoculated with Mycoplasma leachii strain GN407 through intramammary ductal infusion; another 12 quarters were inoculated with heat-inactivated M.leachii culture medium as ne...Twelve quarters of six lactating cows were inoculated with Mycoplasma leachii strain GN407 through intramammary ductal infusion; another 12 quarters were inoculated with heat-inactivated M.leachii culture medium as negative controls.Multidisciplinary procedures,including clinical assessment,etiology assessment,pathology and immunohistochemistry(IHC),were used to elucidate the pathogenicity of M.leachii in bovine mastitis.From post-inoculation days(PIDs) 3 to 9,12 inoculated quarters developed mild to severe clinical mastitis and mammary tissue histopathological changes,including inflammatory cell infiltration and architectural destruction of mammary gland ducts.The M.leachii antigen was also detected by IHC in the mammary gland epithelial cells of the inoculated quarters as a weak signal on PID 6 and as a strong signal on PID 9.The control quarters also developed mild mastitis and histopathological changes on PID 9,and M.leachii was also detected by IHC.Throughout the experimental period,the quarters of the negative control cow were clinically and pathologically normal,and the M.leachii antigen was not detected.In conclusion,direct histological and immunohistochemical evidence confirmed that M.leachii causes clinical bovine mastitis through histopathological lesions induced by invasion of the pathogen into mammary gland cells and through inflammatory cell infiltration.展开更多
One hundred and sixty-eight specimens of intestinal metaplasia(IM)with variousaccompanying lesions in gastric mucosa were studied with mucohistochemical and ABCimmunohistochemical staining,The quantitative analysis of...One hundred and sixty-eight specimens of intestinal metaplasia(IM)with variousaccompanying lesions in gastric mucosa were studied with mucohistochemical and ABCimmunohistochemical staining,The quantitative analysis of cell DNA was done withflowcytometry for 36 specimens.The results indicated that the incidence of type Ⅱb IM wassignificantly higher in the groups of dysplasia(34.6％)and mucosa adjacent to gastric cancer(GC)(51.7％)than in the chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)group(16.0％)(P【0.01).The expres-sion rate of monoclonal antibody MG7 related antigen(MG7-Ag)in type Ⅱb IM(473％)wasalso significantly higher than those in type la(29.7％),Ib(26.1％)and Ⅱa IM(28.3％)(P【0.05).Expression rate of MG7-Ag,DNA aneuploid rate and percentage of S phase cell werestatistically higher in the type Ⅱb IM with dysphsia(62.5％,62.5％ and 143±32)than in typeⅡb 1M without dysplasia(47.3％,12.5％and12.7±2.9)(P【0.05 and P【0.01).These findingssuppor the supposed progressive process:CAG→type Ⅱb IM→dysplasia→GC,andtype Ⅱb IM with dysplasia is closely associated with GC.展开更多
Background The well-known <pyrotherapy, of Julius Wagner-Jauregg might be the beginning of the study on the immunological concepts of schizophrenia. As the primary immune effector cells in the brain, microglia play...Background The well-known <pyrotherapy, of Julius Wagner-Jauregg might be the beginning of the study on the immunological concepts of schizophrenia. As the primary immune effector cells in the brain, microglia play a pivotal role in neuroinflammatory processes. Maternal viral infection during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk for psychiatric disorders with presumed neurodevelopmental origin, including autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. The present study was to quantify microglia activation in vivo in the mature offspring of rats exposed to polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidilicacid(Poly l:C) during pregnancy using 11 C'PK11195 positron emission tomography(PET) and immunohistochemistry.Objective The study aimed to quantify microglia activation in vivo in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in mature offspring of prenatal Poly l:C exposed rats.Methods Offspring of Poly l:C-treated dams were the model group, offspring of saline-treated dams were the control group. Behavioural test for two groups was taken by spontaneous activity, prepulse inhibition(PPI) and latent inhibition(LI) test(including active avoidance conditioning task and passive avoidance conditioning task). Randomly selected successful model rats were assessed by behavioural test in the model group and control group rats.11 C-PK11195 micro-PET/CT and immunohistochemistry were performed on the selected rats to measure microglia activation.Results The treatment group showed hyperlocomotion and deficits in PPI and LI compared with the control group. The treatment group also showed an increased11 C-PK11195 uptake ratio in the prefrontal cortex(f=-3.990, p=0.003) and hippocampus(f=-4.462,p=0.001). The number of activated microglia cells was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control gro叩(hippocampus: f=8.204, p<0.001; prefrontal:f=6.995, p<0.001). Within the treatment group, there were significant correlations between the behavioural parameters and the activation of microglia as measured by PET and immunohistochemistry.Conclusions The present study demonstrated microglia activation in vivo in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in mature offspring of prenatal Poly l:C exposed rats.This study suggests that microglia activation may play a possible or potential role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.展开更多
Background: Brucellosis in male goats is characterized by arthritis, orchitis and epididymitis, which may induce infertility. Nevertheless, these lesions were categorized as chronic while acute lesions had not been de...Background: Brucellosis in male goats is characterized by arthritis, orchitis and epididymitis, which may induce infertility. Nevertheless, these lesions were categorized as chronic while acute lesions had not been described. This study investigates the histopathological and immuno histochemistry reactions in organs of bucks acutely infected by Brucella melitensis. Results: Only testis and prepuce of acutely infected bucks showed significantly severe histological lesions. Other internal organs had mild to moderate lesions. However, positive immunohistochemistry stainings were observed in organs except the bulbourethral gland. There was a significant positive correlation between the distribution of B. melitensis and IHC intensity but no significant correlation between the IHC intensity and histopathology lesions. Conclusion: The results indicate that acute brucellosis did not lead to clinical presentation, although B. melitensis was well distributed in various organs of bucks.展开更多
AIM: To assess the distribution of proteins coded by genes reported as relevant for the molecular classification of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the following cli...AIM: To assess the distribution of proteins coded by genes reported as relevant for the molecular classification of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the following clinicopathological data were analyzed in 80 autopsied HCC patients: sex, age, ethnicity, alcohol intake, infection with hepatitis B and/or C virus, infection with human immunodeficiency virus, prior treatment, basic and immediate causes of death, liver weight, presence of cirrhosis, number and size of nodules, gross pattern, histological grade and variants, architectural pattern, invasion of large veins, and presence and location of extrahepatic metastases. The protein products of genes known to be involved in molecular pathogenesis of HCC, including epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR), MET, keratin 19(K19), vimentin, beta-catenin, mechanistic target of rapamycin(m TOR), extracellular signaling-relatedkinase(ERK)1, ERK2, Ki67, cyclin D1, caspase 3 and p53, were detected by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. The expression levels were scored and statistically assessed for correlation with HCC parameters. RESULTS: Infection with hepatitis C virus was identified in 49% of the 80 autopsy patients, cirrhosis in 90%, advanced tumors in 95%, and extrahepatic metastases in 38%. Expression of K19, p53 and ERK1 correlated to high-grade lesions. Expression of ERK1, nuclear beta-catenin, cyclin D1 and ERK2 correlated to higher rates of cell proliferation as determined by Ki67. Expression of MET, EGFR(> 0) and caspase 3 correlated with lower histological grades. Expression o f E G F R c o r r e l a t e d t o t h a t o f c a s p a s e 3, a n d overexpression of EGFR(≥ 200/300) was observed in low-grade tumors more frequently(grades 1 and 2: 67% vs grade 3: 27% and grade 4: 30%). Expression of ERK1 was associated with that of K19 and vimentin, whereas expression of ERK2 was associated with that of cyclin D1, MET and membrane beta-catenin. Expression of vimentin was strongly correlated with that of K19. CONCLUSION: Expression of K19, p53, ERK1, ERK2, vimentin and nuclear beta-catenin was related to highergrade markers, as opposed to expression/overexpression of EGFR, MET and caspase 3.展开更多
Using a modification of the very sensitive glucose-DAB-nickel(GDN)immunohistochemistry method,FOS(the expression protein of the oncogene c-fos)-,neuropeptide Y(NPY)-,somatostatin(SOM)-,leu-enkephalin(L-Enk),cholecysto...Using a modification of the very sensitive glucose-DAB-nickel(GDN)immunohistochemistry method,FOS(the expression protein of the oncogene c-fos)-,neuropeptide Y(NPY)-,somatostatin(SOM)-,leu-enkephalin(L-Enk),cholecystokinin(CCK)-,neurotensin(NT)-,and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)-immunoreactivities were firstdemonstrated in the protozoan,Stylonychia mytilus.The GDN method and expression ofFOS,neuropeptides and TH in the Stylonychia mytilus were discussed.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a highly heterogeneous disease,and the identification of molecular subtyping of gastric adenocarcinoma emerged as a promising option to define therapeutic strategies and prognostic subg...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a highly heterogeneous disease,and the identification of molecular subtyping of gastric adenocarcinoma emerged as a promising option to define therapeutic strategies and prognostic subgroups.However,the costs and technical complexity of molecular methodologies remains an obstacle to its adoption,and their clinical significance by other approaches needs further evidence.AIM To evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics and long-term survival of GC based on the subgroups of molecular classification by immunohistochemistry(IHC)and in situ hybridization(ISH).METHODS We retrospectively evaluated all patients who underwent D2-gastrectomy between 2009 and 2016 in a Western cohort of GC patients treated with curative intent.Microsatellite instability(MSI)status,E-cadherin,and p53 expression were analyzed by IHC,and Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)by ISH.Tissue microarrays were constructed for analysis.Clinicopathological characteristics and survival of GC were evaluated according to subtypes defined by The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)Research Network Group and Asian Cancer Research Group(ACRG)classification systems.RESULTS A total of 287 GC patients were included.Based on IHC and ISH analysis,five profiles were defined as follows:E-cadherin aberrant(9.1%),MSI(20.9%),p53 aberrant(36.6%),EBV positivity(10.5%),and p53 normal(31%),which corresponded to tumors that showed no alteration in another profile.A flowchart according to the TCGA and ACRG classifications were used to define the subtypes,where clinical and pathological characteristics associated with GC subtypes were evidenced.Proximal location(P<0.001),total gastrectomy(P=0.001),and intense inflammatory infiltrate(P<0.001)were characteristics related to EBV subtype.MSI subtype was predominantly associated with advanced age(P=0.017)and the presence of comorbidities(P=0.011).While Laurén diffuse type(P<0.001)and advanced stage(P=0.029)were related to genomically stable(GS)subtype.GS tumors and microsatellite stable/epithelial to mesenchymal transition phenotype subtype had worse disease-free survival(DFS)and overall survival(OS)than other subtypes.Conversely,MSI subtype of GC had better survival in both classifications.Type of gastrectomy,pT and the TCGA subtypes were independent factors associated to DFS and OS.CONCLUSION The IHC/ISH analysis was able to distinguish immunophenotypic groups of GC with distinct characteristics and prognosis,resembling the subtypes of the molecular classifications.Accordingly,this method of classification may represent a viable option for use in a clinical setting.展开更多
The proper establishment of loop-vessel countercurrent arrangement in medulla provides the basis for formation of the concentrated urine.To date,the morphogenesis of it has not been fully discovered.The present study ...The proper establishment of loop-vessel countercurrent arrangement in medulla provides the basis for formation of the concentrated urine.To date,the morphogenesis of it has not been fully discovered.The present study investigated the spatial arrangement of nephron loop and vessel of developing kidneys using 3D visualization technique and immunohistochemistry for AQP-1 and NKCC2.Five-mm-thick serial paraffin sections were obtained from E14.5 and P5 kidneys and stained with hematoxylin,while 2.5-mm-thick serial epoxy sections were obtained from E17.5 and P56 kidneys and stained with toluidine blue.展开更多
Objective: Making the interest of using immunohistochemistry clear in addition to histological test in the diagnosis of lymphomas. Methods: This is a retrospective study from January 2011 to June 2013 involving 18 cas...Objective: Making the interest of using immunohistochemistry clear in addition to histological test in the diagnosis of lymphomas. Methods: This is a retrospective study from January 2011 to June 2013 involving 18 cases of lymphomas collected in the teaching hospitals of Treichville and Yopougon. Results: 1) 38.88% diagnosis of LMNH B large-cell in histology against 38.88% LDGCB with IHC. 2) 11.11% diagnosis of LMNH small cell in histology against 11.11% with IHC. 3) 5.55% diagnosis of T lymphoma in histology against 27.77% diagnosis of T lymphoma with IHC. 4) 5.55% diagnosis of follicular lymphoma in histology against 11.11% diagnosis of LF with IHC. 5) 11.11% diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma in histology against 5.55% diagnosis of LB with IHC. 6) 5.55% diagnosis of medullary hypoplasia in histology against 5.55% diagnosis of Hodgkin’s disease. Our results confirm the contribution of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of lymphomas in addition to histological test. This is striking, especially as there is 27.77% of T lymphoma with immunohistochemistry against only 5.55% with histology.展开更多
Immunohistochemistry is a technique with an interesting journey.It is one of the well-established and reliable technique in modern pathology and it is extremely useful in diagnosis of sinister pathologies with perplex...Immunohistochemistry is a technique with an interesting journey.It is one of the well-established and reliable technique in modern pathology and it is extremely useful in diagnosis of sinister pathologies with perplexing histopathology.Not only does it enhance the diagnostic abilities of a pathologist,but it also has a huge prognostic potential,a great aid in establishing stage of malignancies,determines phenotypic expressions of lymphoid neoplasms and monitors treatment progress and response to therapy.By employing and integrating the basics of varied branches like immunology,histology,microscopy and hematology,it has emerged as a magnificent tool over last few decades,saving pathologists and patients from the impact of serious diseases inflicting the human body.Furthermore,it has contributed immensely to all aspects of diseases related to oral cavity as well.This review has been thus taken to highlight the wide applications of this technique in General and Oral Pathology with an update.展开更多
Objective:Guided by the theory of syndrome differentiation of yin and yang in traditional Chinese medicine surgery,through visual observation of internal medicine thoracoscope,comprehensive observation of pleural cavi...Objective:Guided by the theory of syndrome differentiation of yin and yang in traditional Chinese medicine surgery,through visual observation of internal medicine thoracoscope,comprehensive observation of pleural cavity and immunohistochemistry of biopsy tissue,to classify malignant pleural effusion according to syndrome differentiation,and to explore the scientific nature of its theory.Methods:From March 1,2014 to February 28,2015,40 cases of malignant pleural effusion were treated in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University.According to the proposed TCM diagnostic criteria for yin and yang syndrome differentiation,and collect age,gender,course of disease,clinical symptoms,tumor primary focus,histomorphological manifestations and immunohistochemical results and other related information,and carry out statistical data processing.Results:The positive syndrome was mainly metastatic lung adenocarcinoma,which accounted for the majority of all MPE cases,up to 75%.The immunohistochemical results of biopsy tissues were mainly CEA and TTF-1 positive;While pleural effusion caused by pleural mesothelioma was the main type of yin syndrome,and the results of immunohistochemistry combined with biopsy were mainly positive for D2-40,Calretinin,WT-1 and CK5/6.Conclusion:TCM syndrome differentiation of MPE based on internal thoracoscopy combined with biopsy immunohistochemical results has sufficient theoretical basis and certain scientific nature,and further clinical research is needed to verify its effectiveness and practicability in the future.展开更多
文摘Introduction: The differentiation of digestive tumors very often requires the use of techniques currently not widely in use in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), such as immunohistochemistry. This is perfectly verified for GISTs whose precise, or at least highly certain, diagnosis can only be made using immunohistochemical markers. This underuse of these techniques due to lack of equipment and human skills explains the limited epidemiological data available to date, thus leading to untargeted and too often late treatment of patients. Research question: What contribution can immunohistochemical markers make to the diagnosis of digestive tract tumours? Objective: Discuss the contribution of immunohistochemical markers in the diagnosis of GIST and provide basic data on the epidemiology of these nosological entities in Kinshasa. Methodology: This was a retrospective study carried out at the LEBOMA private anatomy and pathological cytology centre. The main inclusion criterion was any digestive tract block or slide whose diagnosis of GIST had been requalified after review by at least 2 pathologists. An immuhistochemical study was performed using an automated technique (with a Ventana XT machine) using a panel of antibodies: CD-117 and DOG-1 which are listed in the literature as strongly correlated with the occurrence of GIST, all slides were made at Hj Hospital using an OLYMPUS BX41 co-observation microscope. Results: Of 601 cases of digestive tumors recorded during the concerned period, 32 (5.32%) concerned GIST. This prevalence was confirmed by our immunohistochemical results where the expression of CD117 and that of DOG-1 were positive in 90.6% and 100% of cases which prevalence is high compared with the worldwide prevalence according to the literature, respectively. The distribution of the patients concerned was made with a sex ratio of 1.6 women/men with a median age of 53 years. Most cases (81%) had a gastric location and were fusiform GISTs. Conclusion: Gastrointestinal stromal tumours, although rare and underestimated, account for 5.32% of cases in the DRC. This is a considerable and high prevalence compared with the world average. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have been carried out on these aspects in the DRC, which explains the importance of this study. The results of this research demonstrated the contribution of these 2 markers as specific and effective biomarkers for optimal and differential diagnosis in GIST. In view of the above, it is therefore more than necessary to popularise the use of these biomarkers in order to contribute effectively to improving the overall management of gastrointestinal tumours by improving their identification.
文摘Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer in women worldwide. It can be stratified by histological and immunopathological analysis as well as by molecular subtypes. Socioeconomic and cultural-mediated factors contribute to breast cancer heterogeneity and overall survivability. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of socioeconomic profile on the uptake of immunohistochemistry (IHC) services among women with breast cancer attending tertiary health facilities in Imo State. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among women with breast cancer in Imo State. The instrument for data collection used was a structured questionnaire constructed in line with the objectives of the study. A total of 121 respondents were selected randomly from a target study population of 891 using a systematic sampling technique. The software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used for data analysis. Results: The mean age of the 121 respondents in this study was 45.2 ± 0.7 years. Age and education levels of the respondents were found to significantly influence the utilization of IHC services (P Conclusion: In our study, the consumption of IHC services was influenced significantly by the respondents’ age and level of education. Consequently, public health awareness programmes centred on the importance of IHC services in the management of breast cancer should be encouraged, so as to reach the less educationally endowed and older women in order to save more lives.
文摘Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women, making it a significant global public health issue. Although developed countries have a higher incidence of breast cancer, developing countries like Nigeria have a low incidence rate but higher rates of morbidity and mortality from the disease. Objective: This study explored how cues to action influenced the use of immunohistochemistry by women in Imo State and how many of them used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to diagnose their condition. Methodology: We used a descriptive study methodology for the investigation, and 121 participants were chosen at random from the 891 total population. The respondents were chosen through a systematic sampling procedure. Structured questionnaire was used as the data collection tool, and the statistical software for social science (SPSS) was used to analyze the data. Results: The mean age of the 121 participants in the study was 45.2 ± 0.7 years. The study found that awareness of IHC services is a significant influencing factor for the uptake and health personnel is the major source of awareness of IHC services. Cues to action particularly from health workers, as well as knowledge of any victim of breast cancer and user of IHC services, also significantly influenced uptake of the IHC services (P Conclusion: In our study, utilization of IHC services was also impacted by cues to action, particularly from healthcare professionals, as well as awareness of any breast cancer victims and those who used IHC services thus cues to action is a major predicator of immunohistochemistry uptake among women with breast cancer.
基金Supported by Vanderbilt University Medical Center’s Digestive Disease Research Center,NIH Grant P30DK058404
文摘AIM:To assess the role of IgM and IgG immunohistochemistry(IHC) in the evaluation of autoimmune liver conditions-autoimmune hepatitis(AIH),primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC),and primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC).METHODS:Forty one biopsies from untreated patients diagnosed with autoimmune liver disease(AIH,n = 20;PBC,n = 13;PSC,n = 8) and fourteen biopsies of patients with chronic hepatitis C were selected.IgM and IgG-positive plasma cells were counted in each sample.RESULTS:A predominance of IgG-positive plasma cells was seen in AIH(90% of cases),PSC(75% of cases),and chronic hepatitis C(100% of cases),while IgMpositive plasma cells predominated in PBC(92.8% ofcases).The IgM /IgG ratio(< 1 or ≥ 1) accurately distinguished PBC from AIH in 90.9% of cases(sensitivity = 92.3%,specificity = 90%),and PBC from either AIH or PSC in 87.8% of cases(sensitivity = 92.3%,specificity = 85.7%).CONCLUSION:Plasmacytic infiltrates expressing predominantly IgM are characteristic of PBC,while other forms of liver disease analyzed in this study,including AIH,typically show an IgG-predominant plasma cell infiltrate.Our data indicate that IgM and IgG IHC may be a useful tool when PBC is a diagnostic consideration.
文摘Labrasol, as a non-ionic surfactant, can enhance the permeation and absorption of drugs, and is extensively used in topical, transdermal, and oral pharmaceutical preparations as an emulsifier and absorption enhancer. Recent studies in our laboratory have indicated that labrasol has a strong absorption enhancing effect on different types of drugs in vitro and in vivo. This study was performed to further elucidate the action mechanism of labrasol on the corneal penetration. In this research, the fluorescein sodium, a marker of passive paracellular transport of tight junction, was selected as the model drug to assess the effect of labrasol on in vitro corneal permeability. To investigate the continuous and real-time influence of labrasol on the membrane permeability and integrity, the Ussing chamber system was applied to monitor the electrophysiological parameters. And, furthermore, we elucidated the effect of labrasol on excised cornea at the molecular level by application of RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemical staining. The results indicated that labrasol obviously enhance the transcorneal permeability of fluorescein sodium, and the enhancement was realized by interacting with and down-regulating the associated proteins, such as Factin, claudin-1 and β-catenin, which were contributed to cell-cell connections, respectively.
基金supported by grant SDU2020 to Prof.Bente Finsen and Prof.Martin R.Larsen(COPING AD–Collaborative Project on the Interaction between Neurons and Glia in Alzheimer’s Disease)
文摘As a key contributor to memory storage,the synapse is one of the earliest affected neuronal components in Alzheimer′s disease(AD).Under physiological conditions,the synaptic connections between neurons undergo activity-dependent functional and morphological re-organisation.This dynamic,‘plastic’neural ability critically depends on the structural integrity of the synapse.Thus,proteins that are implicated in preserving the organisation and dynamics of synaptic connections。
文摘The biological characteristics of the tumour are used to estimate prognosis and select appropriate systemic therapy for patients with(breast) cancer. The advent of molecular technology has incorporated new biomarkers along with immunohistochemical and serum biomarkers. Immunohistochemical markers are often used to guide treatment decisions, to classify breast cancer into subtypes that are biologically distinct and behave differently, and both as prognostic and predictive factors. Steroid hormone receptors, markers of tumour proliferation, and factors involved in angiogenesis and apoptosis are of scientific interest. In this review we will provide information on the immunohistochemical markers used in the management of breast cancer patients using available data from the literature. We consider the utility of established immunohistochemical markers, and discuss the challenges involved in integrating novel molecular markers into clinical practice.
文摘The changes of carbamyl phosphate synthetase I(CPS 1)in diethylnitrosamine-(DEN)-inducedenzyme-altered liver cells were studied by means of immunohistochemical(PAP)and in situcDNA-mRNA hybridization methods.The experimental rats were treated with DEN,2-acetylaminofluorene(2-AAF)and 2/3 hepatectomy according to Solt-Farber’s protocol andwere further promoted by oral daily administration of 0.05% phenobarbital in drinking water.The results showed that the average number of lesions showing abnormal expression of CPS1 was relatively constant over the course of the experiment(8 months),while the numberof normally expressing lesions gradually decreased.The former lesions were also largerin volume than the latter ones.We conclude that in DEN-initiated lesions the abnormallyexpressed CPS 1 lesions may grow continuously,thus leading to the formation of largernodules.We also suspect that some of these lesions have increased tendencies to developinto tumors.
基金funded by the Natural Science Fund Project of Heilongjiang Province of China (C201348)the grants from the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China (1610302016001)the National Science and Technology Program Topics of China (2012BAD12B03-3)
文摘Twelve quarters of six lactating cows were inoculated with Mycoplasma leachii strain GN407 through intramammary ductal infusion; another 12 quarters were inoculated with heat-inactivated M.leachii culture medium as negative controls.Multidisciplinary procedures,including clinical assessment,etiology assessment,pathology and immunohistochemistry(IHC),were used to elucidate the pathogenicity of M.leachii in bovine mastitis.From post-inoculation days(PIDs) 3 to 9,12 inoculated quarters developed mild to severe clinical mastitis and mammary tissue histopathological changes,including inflammatory cell infiltration and architectural destruction of mammary gland ducts.The M.leachii antigen was also detected by IHC in the mammary gland epithelial cells of the inoculated quarters as a weak signal on PID 6 and as a strong signal on PID 9.The control quarters also developed mild mastitis and histopathological changes on PID 9,and M.leachii was also detected by IHC.Throughout the experimental period,the quarters of the negative control cow were clinically and pathologically normal,and the M.leachii antigen was not detected.In conclusion,direct histological and immunohistochemical evidence confirmed that M.leachii causes clinical bovine mastitis through histopathological lesions induced by invasion of the pathogen into mammary gland cells and through inflammatory cell infiltration.
文摘One hundred and sixty-eight specimens of intestinal metaplasia(IM)with variousaccompanying lesions in gastric mucosa were studied with mucohistochemical and ABCimmunohistochemical staining,The quantitative analysis of cell DNA was done withflowcytometry for 36 specimens.The results indicated that the incidence of type Ⅱb IM wassignificantly higher in the groups of dysplasia(34.6％)and mucosa adjacent to gastric cancer(GC)(51.7％)than in the chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)group(16.0％)(P【0.01).The expres-sion rate of monoclonal antibody MG7 related antigen(MG7-Ag)in type Ⅱb IM(473％)wasalso significantly higher than those in type la(29.7％),Ib(26.1％)and Ⅱa IM(28.3％)(P【0.05).Expression rate of MG7-Ag,DNA aneuploid rate and percentage of S phase cell werestatistically higher in the type Ⅱb IM with dysphsia(62.5％,62.5％ and 143±32)than in typeⅡb 1M without dysplasia(47.3％,12.5％and12.7±2.9)(P【0.05 and P【0.01).These findingssuppor the supposed progressive process:CAG→type Ⅱb IM→dysplasia→GC,andtype Ⅱb IM with dysplasia is closely associated with GC.
基金provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No 81571318 to XQSNo 81371472 to LXL+5 种基金No 81401110 to XL)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Health and Family Planning Commission(No 201501015 to XQS)the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of Henan(No 162102410061 to XQS)the Henan Province Union Fund Project(162300410275)the Zhengzhou University doctor team projectthe Youth Fund of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University(to XL and LJP)
文摘Background The well-known <pyrotherapy, of Julius Wagner-Jauregg might be the beginning of the study on the immunological concepts of schizophrenia. As the primary immune effector cells in the brain, microglia play a pivotal role in neuroinflammatory processes. Maternal viral infection during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk for psychiatric disorders with presumed neurodevelopmental origin, including autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. The present study was to quantify microglia activation in vivo in the mature offspring of rats exposed to polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidilicacid(Poly l:C) during pregnancy using 11 C'PK11195 positron emission tomography(PET) and immunohistochemistry.Objective The study aimed to quantify microglia activation in vivo in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in mature offspring of prenatal Poly l:C exposed rats.Methods Offspring of Poly l:C-treated dams were the model group, offspring of saline-treated dams were the control group. Behavioural test for two groups was taken by spontaneous activity, prepulse inhibition(PPI) and latent inhibition(LI) test(including active avoidance conditioning task and passive avoidance conditioning task). Randomly selected successful model rats were assessed by behavioural test in the model group and control group rats.11 C-PK11195 micro-PET/CT and immunohistochemistry were performed on the selected rats to measure microglia activation.Results The treatment group showed hyperlocomotion and deficits in PPI and LI compared with the control group. The treatment group also showed an increased11 C-PK11195 uptake ratio in the prefrontal cortex(f=-3.990, p=0.003) and hippocampus(f=-4.462,p=0.001). The number of activated microglia cells was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control gro叩(hippocampus: f=8.204, p<0.001; prefrontal:f=6.995, p<0.001). Within the treatment group, there were significant correlations between the behavioural parameters and the activation of microglia as measured by PET and immunohistochemistry.Conclusions The present study demonstrated microglia activation in vivo in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in mature offspring of prenatal Poly l:C exposed rats.This study suggests that microglia activation may play a possible or potential role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
文摘Background: Brucellosis in male goats is characterized by arthritis, orchitis and epididymitis, which may induce infertility. Nevertheless, these lesions were categorized as chronic while acute lesions had not been described. This study investigates the histopathological and immuno histochemistry reactions in organs of bucks acutely infected by Brucella melitensis. Results: Only testis and prepuce of acutely infected bucks showed significantly severe histological lesions. Other internal organs had mild to moderate lesions. However, positive immunohistochemistry stainings were observed in organs except the bulbourethral gland. There was a significant positive correlation between the distribution of B. melitensis and IHC intensity but no significant correlation between the IHC intensity and histopathology lesions. Conclusion: The results indicate that acute brucellosis did not lead to clinical presentation, although B. melitensis was well distributed in various organs of bucks.
基金Supported by Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo,No.08/58855-3 to Alves VAF
文摘AIM: To assess the distribution of proteins coded by genes reported as relevant for the molecular classification of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the following clinicopathological data were analyzed in 80 autopsied HCC patients: sex, age, ethnicity, alcohol intake, infection with hepatitis B and/or C virus, infection with human immunodeficiency virus, prior treatment, basic and immediate causes of death, liver weight, presence of cirrhosis, number and size of nodules, gross pattern, histological grade and variants, architectural pattern, invasion of large veins, and presence and location of extrahepatic metastases. The protein products of genes known to be involved in molecular pathogenesis of HCC, including epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR), MET, keratin 19(K19), vimentin, beta-catenin, mechanistic target of rapamycin(m TOR), extracellular signaling-relatedkinase(ERK)1, ERK2, Ki67, cyclin D1, caspase 3 and p53, were detected by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. The expression levels were scored and statistically assessed for correlation with HCC parameters. RESULTS: Infection with hepatitis C virus was identified in 49% of the 80 autopsy patients, cirrhosis in 90%, advanced tumors in 95%, and extrahepatic metastases in 38%. Expression of K19, p53 and ERK1 correlated to high-grade lesions. Expression of ERK1, nuclear beta-catenin, cyclin D1 and ERK2 correlated to higher rates of cell proliferation as determined by Ki67. Expression of MET, EGFR(> 0) and caspase 3 correlated with lower histological grades. Expression o f E G F R c o r r e l a t e d t o t h a t o f c a s p a s e 3, a n d overexpression of EGFR(≥ 200/300) was observed in low-grade tumors more frequently(grades 1 and 2: 67% vs grade 3: 27% and grade 4: 30%). Expression of ERK1 was associated with that of K19 and vimentin, whereas expression of ERK2 was associated with that of cyclin D1, MET and membrane beta-catenin. Expression of vimentin was strongly correlated with that of K19. CONCLUSION: Expression of K19, p53, ERK1, ERK2, vimentin and nuclear beta-catenin was related to highergrade markers, as opposed to expression/overexpression of EGFR, MET and caspase 3.
文摘Using a modification of the very sensitive glucose-DAB-nickel(GDN)immunohistochemistry method,FOS(the expression protein of the oncogene c-fos)-,neuropeptide Y(NPY)-,somatostatin(SOM)-,leu-enkephalin(L-Enk),cholecystokinin(CCK)-,neurotensin(NT)-,and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)-immunoreactivities were firstdemonstrated in the protozoan,Stylonychia mytilus.The GDN method and expression ofFOS,neuropeptides and TH in the Stylonychia mytilus were discussed.
基金Supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo(FAPESP agency),No.2016/25524-0.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a highly heterogeneous disease,and the identification of molecular subtyping of gastric adenocarcinoma emerged as a promising option to define therapeutic strategies and prognostic subgroups.However,the costs and technical complexity of molecular methodologies remains an obstacle to its adoption,and their clinical significance by other approaches needs further evidence.AIM To evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics and long-term survival of GC based on the subgroups of molecular classification by immunohistochemistry(IHC)and in situ hybridization(ISH).METHODS We retrospectively evaluated all patients who underwent D2-gastrectomy between 2009 and 2016 in a Western cohort of GC patients treated with curative intent.Microsatellite instability(MSI)status,E-cadherin,and p53 expression were analyzed by IHC,and Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)by ISH.Tissue microarrays were constructed for analysis.Clinicopathological characteristics and survival of GC were evaluated according to subtypes defined by The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)Research Network Group and Asian Cancer Research Group(ACRG)classification systems.RESULTS A total of 287 GC patients were included.Based on IHC and ISH analysis,five profiles were defined as follows:E-cadherin aberrant(9.1%),MSI(20.9%),p53 aberrant(36.6%),EBV positivity(10.5%),and p53 normal(31%),which corresponded to tumors that showed no alteration in another profile.A flowchart according to the TCGA and ACRG classifications were used to define the subtypes,where clinical and pathological characteristics associated with GC subtypes were evidenced.Proximal location(P<0.001),total gastrectomy(P=0.001),and intense inflammatory infiltrate(P<0.001)were characteristics related to EBV subtype.MSI subtype was predominantly associated with advanced age(P=0.017)and the presence of comorbidities(P=0.011).While Laurén diffuse type(P<0.001)and advanced stage(P=0.029)were related to genomically stable(GS)subtype.GS tumors and microsatellite stable/epithelial to mesenchymal transition phenotype subtype had worse disease-free survival(DFS)and overall survival(OS)than other subtypes.Conversely,MSI subtype of GC had better survival in both classifications.Type of gastrectomy,pT and the TCGA subtypes were independent factors associated to DFS and OS.CONCLUSION The IHC/ISH analysis was able to distinguish immunophenotypic groups of GC with distinct characteristics and prognosis,resembling the subtypes of the molecular classifications.Accordingly,this method of classification may represent a viable option for use in a clinical setting.
文摘The proper establishment of loop-vessel countercurrent arrangement in medulla provides the basis for formation of the concentrated urine.To date,the morphogenesis of it has not been fully discovered.The present study investigated the spatial arrangement of nephron loop and vessel of developing kidneys using 3D visualization technique and immunohistochemistry for AQP-1 and NKCC2.Five-mm-thick serial paraffin sections were obtained from E14.5 and P5 kidneys and stained with hematoxylin,while 2.5-mm-thick serial epoxy sections were obtained from E17.5 and P56 kidneys and stained with toluidine blue.
文摘Objective: Making the interest of using immunohistochemistry clear in addition to histological test in the diagnosis of lymphomas. Methods: This is a retrospective study from January 2011 to June 2013 involving 18 cases of lymphomas collected in the teaching hospitals of Treichville and Yopougon. Results: 1) 38.88% diagnosis of LMNH B large-cell in histology against 38.88% LDGCB with IHC. 2) 11.11% diagnosis of LMNH small cell in histology against 11.11% with IHC. 3) 5.55% diagnosis of T lymphoma in histology against 27.77% diagnosis of T lymphoma with IHC. 4) 5.55% diagnosis of follicular lymphoma in histology against 11.11% diagnosis of LF with IHC. 5) 11.11% diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma in histology against 5.55% diagnosis of LB with IHC. 6) 5.55% diagnosis of medullary hypoplasia in histology against 5.55% diagnosis of Hodgkin’s disease. Our results confirm the contribution of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of lymphomas in addition to histological test. This is striking, especially as there is 27.77% of T lymphoma with immunohistochemistry against only 5.55% with histology.
文摘Immunohistochemistry is a technique with an interesting journey.It is one of the well-established and reliable technique in modern pathology and it is extremely useful in diagnosis of sinister pathologies with perplexing histopathology.Not only does it enhance the diagnostic abilities of a pathologist,but it also has a huge prognostic potential,a great aid in establishing stage of malignancies,determines phenotypic expressions of lymphoid neoplasms and monitors treatment progress and response to therapy.By employing and integrating the basics of varied branches like immunology,histology,microscopy and hematology,it has emerged as a magnificent tool over last few decades,saving pathologists and patients from the impact of serious diseases inflicting the human body.Furthermore,it has contributed immensely to all aspects of diseases related to oral cavity as well.This review has been thus taken to highlight the wide applications of this technique in General and Oral Pathology with an update.
文摘Objective:Guided by the theory of syndrome differentiation of yin and yang in traditional Chinese medicine surgery,through visual observation of internal medicine thoracoscope,comprehensive observation of pleural cavity and immunohistochemistry of biopsy tissue,to classify malignant pleural effusion according to syndrome differentiation,and to explore the scientific nature of its theory.Methods:From March 1,2014 to February 28,2015,40 cases of malignant pleural effusion were treated in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University.According to the proposed TCM diagnostic criteria for yin and yang syndrome differentiation,and collect age,gender,course of disease,clinical symptoms,tumor primary focus,histomorphological manifestations and immunohistochemical results and other related information,and carry out statistical data processing.Results:The positive syndrome was mainly metastatic lung adenocarcinoma,which accounted for the majority of all MPE cases,up to 75%.The immunohistochemical results of biopsy tissues were mainly CEA and TTF-1 positive;While pleural effusion caused by pleural mesothelioma was the main type of yin syndrome,and the results of immunohistochemistry combined with biopsy were mainly positive for D2-40,Calretinin,WT-1 and CK5/6.Conclusion:TCM syndrome differentiation of MPE based on internal thoracoscopy combined with biopsy immunohistochemical results has sufficient theoretical basis and certain scientific nature,and further clinical research is needed to verify its effectiveness and practicability in the future.
