To validate the protective efficacy against schistosomiasis by immunization with cells from juvenile Schistosoma japonicum in a murine model and to analyze possible factors related to protection, in this study, two in...To validate the protective efficacy against schistosomiasis by immunization with cells from juvenile Schistosoma japonicum in a murine model and to analyze possible factors related to protection, in this study, two independent repeated vaccination trials were performed. After three subcutaneous vaccina- tions, in trial one, in the absence of adjuvant, primary juvenile worm cells (pJCs) from S. japonicum induced remarkable average reductions in worm burden (54.3%), liver eggs per gram (LEPG) load (59.8%) as well as egg granulomas size (66.5%) compared to PBS control group (P<0.01), which were significantly higher than those elicited by fractions of juvenile worm cells (JCFs) or fractions of juvenile worms (JWFs) (P<0.05). Non-cell components of worms (WNCs) showed no significant protection. In trial two, compared to PBS control group, significant protective effect was also observed for cultured juvenile worm cells (cJCs) from S. japonicum with 58.4% worm reduction and 68.1% LEPG reduction (P<0.01). However, cultured adult worms cells (cACs) showed significantly higher worm burden (P<0.05) and egg burden (P<0.01) when compared to cJCs. Immunological analysis of trial two revealed that cJCs engendered a Th1-biased mixed Th1/Th2 type of immune response while cACs elicited a Th2-type response. Our data indicated that immunization with both primary and cultured cells from S. japonicum juvenile worms provided high immunoprotection, for which the physical character of immunogens, stage-specific parasite and the type of immune response induced might be responsible, suggesting that vaccination with whole cells from S. japonicum larvae is a promising approach to produce protec- tive immunity against schistosomiasis.展开更多
The immune responses of humans and animals to insults(i.e., infections, traumas, tumoral transformation and radiation) are based on an intricate network of cells and chemical messengers. Abnormally high inflammation i...The immune responses of humans and animals to insults(i.e., infections, traumas, tumoral transformation and radiation) are based on an intricate network of cells and chemical messengers. Abnormally high inflammation immediately after insult or abnormally prolonged proinflammatory stimuli bringing about chronic inflammation can lead to life-threatening or severely debilitating diseases. Mesenchymal stem cell(MSC) transplant has proved to be an effective therapy in preclinical studies which evaluated a vast diversity of inflammatory conditions. MSCs lead to resolution of inflammation, preparation for regeneration and actual regeneration, and then ultimate return to normal baseline or homeostasis. However, in clinical trials of transplanted MSCs, the expectations of great medical benefit have not yet been fulfilled. As a practical alternative to MSC transplant, a synthetic drug with the capacity to boost endogenous MSC expansion and/or activation may also be effective. Regarding this, IMT504, the prototype of a major class of immunomodulatory oligonucleotides, induces in vivo expansion of MSCs, resulting in a marked improvement in preclinical models of neuropathic pain, osteoporosis, diabetes and sepsis. IMT504 is easily manufactured and has an excellent preclinical safety record. In the small number of patients studied thus far, IMT504 has been well-tolerated, even at very high dosage. Further clinical investigation is necessary to demonstrate the utility of IMT504 for resolution of inflammation and regeneration in a broad array of human diseases that would likely benefit from an immunoprotective/immunoregenerative therapy.展开更多
Combined liver-kidney transplantation(CLKT)is a rarely performed complex surgical procedure in children and involves transplantation of kidney and either whole or part of liver donated by the same individual(usually a...Combined liver-kidney transplantation(CLKT)is a rarely performed complex surgical procedure in children and involves transplantation of kidney and either whole or part of liver donated by the same individual(usually a cadaver)to the same recipient during a single surgical procedure.Most common indications for CLKT in children are autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease and primary hyperoxaluria type 1.Atypical haemolytic uremic syndrome,methylmalonic academia,and conditions where liver and renal failure co-exists may be indications for CLKT.CLKT is often preferred over sequential liver-kidney transplantation due to immunoprotective effects of transplanted liver on renal allograft;however,liver survival has no significant impact.Since CLKT is a major surgical procedure which involves multiple and complex anastomosis surgeries,acute complications are not uncommon.Bleeding,thrombosis,haemodynamic instability,infections,acute cellular rejections,renal and liver dysfunction are acute complications.The long-term outlook is promising with over 80%5-year survival rates among those children who survive the initial six-month postoperative period.展开更多
【正】Objective:To investigate the effect of the anthocyanin-rich extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (H.sabdariffa) calyx on the viability of cadmium-treated 1937 cells and cadmium—mediated activation of 0937-derived mac...【正】Objective:To investigate the effect of the anthocyanin-rich extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (H.sabdariffa) calyx on the viability of cadmium-treated 1937 cells and cadmium—mediated activation of 0937-derived macrophages.Methods:The macrophage cell line U937 was treated with cadmium(0.1μmol/L) and later incubated with the anthocyanin-rich extract and cell viability was assessed via trypan blue staining.In the other experiment,the U937 cells were transformed to the macrophage form by treatment with phorbol 12.myristate 13.and acetate and incubated with cadmium(10μmol/L).The anthocyanin-rich extract was added to the cells later and subsequently,the supernatant of each cell culure was analysed lor the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α).interleukin 1(IL-1).interleukin 6(IL-6).nitric oxide, and catalase activity as indices for the activation of macrophages.Results:It revealed that the anthocynanin-rich extract significantly(P 【 0.05) increased the viability of the cells which was suppressed by cadmium when compared to quercelin dihydrate.The extract also reduced the cadmium—mediated production of the markers of macrophage—activation when compared to quercelin dihydrate.In both experiments,the activity of the extract was concentrationdependent (P 【 0.05).Conclusion:The findings show that H.sabdariffa possesses significant immunoprotective effect.These corroborate the immense reported antioxidant and medicinal potential of the calyces of the plant which could be exploited for pharmacological and neutraceutical advantages.展开更多
Crucian carp(Carassius auratus gibelio),an extensively cultivated freshwater fish,was one of the model species for the study of fish immunology.Polyclonal antibodies were advantageous molecular tools for studying tele...Crucian carp(Carassius auratus gibelio),an extensively cultivated freshwater fish,was one of the model species for the study of fish immunology.Polyclonal antibodies were advantageous molecular tools for studying teleost immune system.Specifically,polyclonal antibodies reacting with immunoglobulins(Ig)were used successfully in studies of the teleost fishes.In the present study,we produced polyclonal antibody against CH2 domains of crucian carp IgM,and measured the in vivo dynamics of IgM mRNA caused by CyHV-2 infection.The recombinant protein IgM with relative molecular weight about 53 KD was correctly expressed in prokaryotic cells.The specificity of the polyclonal antibody was evaluated by Western blotting and results revealed that the antibody not only specifically recognized crucian carp serum but also cross-reacted with grass carp serum.Quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated the expression of IgM mRNA changed significantly after CyHV-2 infection.The expression of IgM in the kidney increased and reached a maximum at 6 h post-infection(hpi),while dropped to a low level at 5 days post-infection(dpi).In conclusion,the expression of IgM was significantly upregulated in the kidney of crucian carp infected with CyHV-2,indicating that IgM played a potential role in systemic immunity against viral infection.Polyclonal antibody against crucian carp IgM had certain clinical relevance,which might provide insight into the early stage of virus infection and prevention of the disease.展开更多
Coxsackievirus A6 of the D3a genotype(CVA6 D3a)is a primary pathogen causingmainland of China's hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD).Viral‐like particle(VLP)vaccines represent a potential candidate vaccine to preven...Coxsackievirus A6 of the D3a genotype(CVA6 D3a)is a primary pathogen causingmainland of China's hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD).Viral‐like particle(VLP)vaccines represent a potential candidate vaccine to prevent HFMD.This study collected Anti‐CVA6 D3a VLPs serum from BALB/c female mice immunized using CVA6 D3a VLPs.The neutralizing antibody levels were compared against the representative 14‐JX2018(D3a)and N4‐YN2015(D3b)strains between the antisera of different immune pathways.The immunoprotective effect of anti‐CVA6 D3a VLPs against these strains was monitored using pathological sections and immuno-histochemical results of lung and skeletal muscle tissues in seven‐day‐old Institute of Cancer Research(ICR)mice.Immunological protection against different branches of viruses was evaluated in 7‐day‐old(serum passive immune protection)and 14‐day‐old(VLPs active immune protection)neonatal ICR mice models.Serum‐neutralizing antibody levels were positively correlated with the number of immunizations and higher against 14‐JX2018 than against N4‐YN2015.Furthermore,these levels were significantly higher with abdominal injection than intramuscular injection.The immunized serum of 7‐day‐old ICR mice inoculated three times was 100%protected against CVA6 D3a 14‐JX2018(lethal titer:106.25 TCID 50)and CVA6 D3b N4‐YN2015(lethal titer:105.25TCID 50)fatal attacks,respectively.For ICR mice that have completed two active immunizations for 14 days,both CVA6 D3a 14‐JX2015(challenge titer:108.25 TCID 50)and CVA6 D3b N4‐YN2015(challenge titer:107.25 TCID 50)were used for the challenge,and the mice were able to survive.Overall,the CVA6 D3a VLPs prepared in this study are a potential vaccine candidate for CVA6,as it has the optimal protective effect against both CVA6 D3a and D3b evolutionary branches viruses.展开更多
The conventional immunoadjuvants in vaccine have weak effect on stimulating antigen presentation and activating anti-tumor immunity.Unexpectedly,we discovered that non-pathogenic Sendai virus(SeV)could activate antige...The conventional immunoadjuvants in vaccine have weak effect on stimulating antigen presentation and activating anti-tumor immunity.Unexpectedly,we discovered that non-pathogenic Sendai virus(SeV)could activate antigen-presenting cells(APCs)represented by dendritic cells(DCs).Here,we designed an injectable SeV-based hydrogel vaccine(SHV)to execute multi-channel recruitment and stimulation of DCs for boosting the specific immune response against tumors.After the release of the NIR-triggered antigens from tumor cells,dendritic cells around the vaccine efficiently transport the antigens to lymph nodes and present them to T lymphocytes,thereby inducing systemic anti-tumor immune memory.Our findings demonstrated that the SHV with excellent universality,convenience and flexibility has achieved better immune protection effects in inhibiting the occurrence of melanoma and breast cancer.In conclusion,the SHV system might serve as the next generation of personalized anti-tumor vaccines with enhanced features over standard vaccination regimens,and represented an alternative way to suppress tumorigenesis.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30570952)
文摘To validate the protective efficacy against schistosomiasis by immunization with cells from juvenile Schistosoma japonicum in a murine model and to analyze possible factors related to protection, in this study, two independent repeated vaccination trials were performed. After three subcutaneous vaccina- tions, in trial one, in the absence of adjuvant, primary juvenile worm cells (pJCs) from S. japonicum induced remarkable average reductions in worm burden (54.3%), liver eggs per gram (LEPG) load (59.8%) as well as egg granulomas size (66.5%) compared to PBS control group (P<0.01), which were significantly higher than those elicited by fractions of juvenile worm cells (JCFs) or fractions of juvenile worms (JWFs) (P<0.05). Non-cell components of worms (WNCs) showed no significant protection. In trial two, compared to PBS control group, significant protective effect was also observed for cultured juvenile worm cells (cJCs) from S. japonicum with 58.4% worm reduction and 68.1% LEPG reduction (P<0.01). However, cultured adult worms cells (cACs) showed significantly higher worm burden (P<0.05) and egg burden (P<0.01) when compared to cJCs. Immunological analysis of trial two revealed that cJCs engendered a Th1-biased mixed Th1/Th2 type of immune response while cACs elicited a Th2-type response. Our data indicated that immunization with both primary and cultured cells from S. japonicum juvenile worms provided high immunoprotection, for which the physical character of immunogens, stage-specific parasite and the type of immune response induced might be responsible, suggesting that vaccination with whole cells from S. japonicum larvae is a promising approach to produce protec- tive immunity against schistosomiasis.
文摘The immune responses of humans and animals to insults(i.e., infections, traumas, tumoral transformation and radiation) are based on an intricate network of cells and chemical messengers. Abnormally high inflammation immediately after insult or abnormally prolonged proinflammatory stimuli bringing about chronic inflammation can lead to life-threatening or severely debilitating diseases. Mesenchymal stem cell(MSC) transplant has proved to be an effective therapy in preclinical studies which evaluated a vast diversity of inflammatory conditions. MSCs lead to resolution of inflammation, preparation for regeneration and actual regeneration, and then ultimate return to normal baseline or homeostasis. However, in clinical trials of transplanted MSCs, the expectations of great medical benefit have not yet been fulfilled. As a practical alternative to MSC transplant, a synthetic drug with the capacity to boost endogenous MSC expansion and/or activation may also be effective. Regarding this, IMT504, the prototype of a major class of immunomodulatory oligonucleotides, induces in vivo expansion of MSCs, resulting in a marked improvement in preclinical models of neuropathic pain, osteoporosis, diabetes and sepsis. IMT504 is easily manufactured and has an excellent preclinical safety record. In the small number of patients studied thus far, IMT504 has been well-tolerated, even at very high dosage. Further clinical investigation is necessary to demonstrate the utility of IMT504 for resolution of inflammation and regeneration in a broad array of human diseases that would likely benefit from an immunoprotective/immunoregenerative therapy.
文摘Combined liver-kidney transplantation(CLKT)is a rarely performed complex surgical procedure in children and involves transplantation of kidney and either whole or part of liver donated by the same individual(usually a cadaver)to the same recipient during a single surgical procedure.Most common indications for CLKT in children are autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease and primary hyperoxaluria type 1.Atypical haemolytic uremic syndrome,methylmalonic academia,and conditions where liver and renal failure co-exists may be indications for CLKT.CLKT is often preferred over sequential liver-kidney transplantation due to immunoprotective effects of transplanted liver on renal allograft;however,liver survival has no significant impact.Since CLKT is a major surgical procedure which involves multiple and complex anastomosis surgeries,acute complications are not uncommon.Bleeding,thrombosis,haemodynamic instability,infections,acute cellular rejections,renal and liver dysfunction are acute complications.The long-term outlook is promising with over 80%5-year survival rates among those children who survive the initial six-month postoperative period.
文摘【正】Objective:To investigate the effect of the anthocyanin-rich extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (H.sabdariffa) calyx on the viability of cadmium-treated 1937 cells and cadmium—mediated activation of 0937-derived macrophages.Methods:The macrophage cell line U937 was treated with cadmium(0.1μmol/L) and later incubated with the anthocyanin-rich extract and cell viability was assessed via trypan blue staining.In the other experiment,the U937 cells were transformed to the macrophage form by treatment with phorbol 12.myristate 13.and acetate and incubated with cadmium(10μmol/L).The anthocyanin-rich extract was added to the cells later and subsequently,the supernatant of each cell culure was analysed lor the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α).interleukin 1(IL-1).interleukin 6(IL-6).nitric oxide, and catalase activity as indices for the activation of macrophages.Results:It revealed that the anthocynanin-rich extract significantly(P 【 0.05) increased the viability of the cells which was suppressed by cadmium when compared to quercelin dihydrate.The extract also reduced the cadmium—mediated production of the markers of macrophage—activation when compared to quercelin dihydrate.In both experiments,the activity of the extract was concentrationdependent (P 【 0.05).Conclusion:The findings show that H.sabdariffa possesses significant immunoprotective effect.These corroborate the immense reported antioxidant and medicinal potential of the calyces of the plant which could be exploited for pharmacological and neutraceutical advantages.
基金supported by the General Fund Project of China Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(Program No.22ZR1427200).
文摘Crucian carp(Carassius auratus gibelio),an extensively cultivated freshwater fish,was one of the model species for the study of fish immunology.Polyclonal antibodies were advantageous molecular tools for studying teleost immune system.Specifically,polyclonal antibodies reacting with immunoglobulins(Ig)were used successfully in studies of the teleost fishes.In the present study,we produced polyclonal antibody against CH2 domains of crucian carp IgM,and measured the in vivo dynamics of IgM mRNA caused by CyHV-2 infection.The recombinant protein IgM with relative molecular weight about 53 KD was correctly expressed in prokaryotic cells.The specificity of the polyclonal antibody was evaluated by Western blotting and results revealed that the antibody not only specifically recognized crucian carp serum but also cross-reacted with grass carp serum.Quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated the expression of IgM mRNA changed significantly after CyHV-2 infection.The expression of IgM in the kidney increased and reached a maximum at 6 h post-infection(hpi),while dropped to a low level at 5 days post-infection(dpi).In conclusion,the expression of IgM was significantly upregulated in the kidney of crucian carp infected with CyHV-2,indicating that IgM played a potential role in systemic immunity against viral infection.Polyclonal antibody against crucian carp IgM had certain clinical relevance,which might provide insight into the early stage of virus infection and prevention of the disease.
基金supported by the National Key Researchand Development Programof China (Project No.2021YFC2302003).
文摘Coxsackievirus A6 of the D3a genotype(CVA6 D3a)is a primary pathogen causingmainland of China's hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD).Viral‐like particle(VLP)vaccines represent a potential candidate vaccine to prevent HFMD.This study collected Anti‐CVA6 D3a VLPs serum from BALB/c female mice immunized using CVA6 D3a VLPs.The neutralizing antibody levels were compared against the representative 14‐JX2018(D3a)and N4‐YN2015(D3b)strains between the antisera of different immune pathways.The immunoprotective effect of anti‐CVA6 D3a VLPs against these strains was monitored using pathological sections and immuno-histochemical results of lung and skeletal muscle tissues in seven‐day‐old Institute of Cancer Research(ICR)mice.Immunological protection against different branches of viruses was evaluated in 7‐day‐old(serum passive immune protection)and 14‐day‐old(VLPs active immune protection)neonatal ICR mice models.Serum‐neutralizing antibody levels were positively correlated with the number of immunizations and higher against 14‐JX2018 than against N4‐YN2015.Furthermore,these levels were significantly higher with abdominal injection than intramuscular injection.The immunized serum of 7‐day‐old ICR mice inoculated three times was 100%protected against CVA6 D3a 14‐JX2018(lethal titer:106.25 TCID 50)and CVA6 D3b N4‐YN2015(lethal titer:105.25TCID 50)fatal attacks,respectively.For ICR mice that have completed two active immunizations for 14 days,both CVA6 D3a 14‐JX2015(challenge titer:108.25 TCID 50)and CVA6 D3b N4‐YN2015(challenge titer:107.25 TCID 50)were used for the challenge,and the mice were able to survive.Overall,the CVA6 D3a VLPs prepared in this study are a potential vaccine candidate for CVA6,as it has the optimal protective effect against both CVA6 D3a and D3b evolutionary branches viruses.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32000999,81925020 and 81630051)the Key Project of Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(19JCZDJC34100)Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases(SKLOD2021OF07).
文摘The conventional immunoadjuvants in vaccine have weak effect on stimulating antigen presentation and activating anti-tumor immunity.Unexpectedly,we discovered that non-pathogenic Sendai virus(SeV)could activate antigen-presenting cells(APCs)represented by dendritic cells(DCs).Here,we designed an injectable SeV-based hydrogel vaccine(SHV)to execute multi-channel recruitment and stimulation of DCs for boosting the specific immune response against tumors.After the release of the NIR-triggered antigens from tumor cells,dendritic cells around the vaccine efficiently transport the antigens to lymph nodes and present them to T lymphocytes,thereby inducing systemic anti-tumor immune memory.Our findings demonstrated that the SHV with excellent universality,convenience and flexibility has achieved better immune protection effects in inhibiting the occurrence of melanoma and breast cancer.In conclusion,the SHV system might serve as the next generation of personalized anti-tumor vaccines with enhanced features over standard vaccination regimens,and represented an alternative way to suppress tumorigenesis.
