Background:Vesicoureteral reflux is the most common urinary congenital anomaly in children.Given the risk associated with radiation exposure there has been an increasing need for radiation-free method in the diagnosis...Background:Vesicoureteral reflux is the most common urinary congenital anomaly in children.Given the risk associated with radiation exposure there has been an increasing need for radiation-free method in the diagnosis and follow-up of the vesicoureteral reflux.The aim of our study is to compare conventional urosonography without contrast enhancement and x-ray voiding cystourethrography.Patients and Methods:Children with recurrent urinary tract infection with suspected vesicoureteral reflux were included to the study.Vesicoureteral reflux is demonstrated and graded by x-ray voiding cystourethrography.DMSA is used for the evaluation of renal scar.Conventional sonographic procedure was performed in all patients.Ureterovesical junction insertion angle was evaluated.The diameter and length of the ureterovesical junction were also measured.Results:268 children enrolled to the study.Vesicoureteral reflux was demonstrated in 62 children by x-ray voiding cystourethrography.Ureterovesical junction insertion angle measurement had a statistically significant relation for right and left vesicoureteral reflux presence(right:r:.646,p:.01 and left:r:.446,p:.01).Diagnosis sensitivity of vesicoureteral reflux with conventional ultrasonography is 95.10%and specificity is 81%(Youden’s index 76.1%)for the cutoff value of the ureterovesical junction insertion angle is 28.6 degrees.Positive predictive value is 87.2%,negative predictive value is 94.73%and diagnostic accuracy is 86.29%with conventional ultrasonography.Conclusions:Measurement of ureterovesical junction insertion angle,length and diameter by conventional urosonography is an easy accessible and cheap technique with high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis and followup of the vesicoureteral reflux without exposure to ionizing radiation.展开更多
Interfacial interactions of proteins with cell membranes play important roles in fundamental physiological processes of cells.The binding of proteins to membranes involves interactions between amino acids and membrane...Interfacial interactions of proteins with cell membranes play important roles in fundamental physiological processes of cells.The binding of proteins to membranes involves interactions between amino acids and membranes.However,the mechanism underlying amino acids'membrane behavior remains elusive.Herein,all-atom molecular dynamic simulations were applied to comprehensively investigating the molecular details of interactions between 20 amino acids with DOPC membranes.Our results show that 20 amino acids exhibit distinct membrane insertion activities,which are not simply determined by the side chain properties of amino acids.Aromatic Tyr/Phe/Trp,hydrophobic Val/Ile/Leu/Met,positively-charged Arg and hydrophilic Cys exhibit significantly strong membrane insertion capacities with different characteristic insertion depths and insertion angles.Surprisingly,hydrophobic Ala,positively-charged His/Lys,hydrophilic Asn/Ser/Gln/Thr,negatively-charged Asp/Glu and Pro/Gly have low membrane insertion capabilities.Considering the chemical structures and interaction details of amino acids with membranes,we suggest that the abundance and diversity of interaction sites and types,the synergistic effect of hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions of amino acids with membranes and the structural flexibility of amino acids are key factors for determining membrane insertion capabilities and characteristics of amino acids.Our study sheds light on the atomic mechanism of interactions between single amino acids and membranes.展开更多
文摘Background:Vesicoureteral reflux is the most common urinary congenital anomaly in children.Given the risk associated with radiation exposure there has been an increasing need for radiation-free method in the diagnosis and follow-up of the vesicoureteral reflux.The aim of our study is to compare conventional urosonography without contrast enhancement and x-ray voiding cystourethrography.Patients and Methods:Children with recurrent urinary tract infection with suspected vesicoureteral reflux were included to the study.Vesicoureteral reflux is demonstrated and graded by x-ray voiding cystourethrography.DMSA is used for the evaluation of renal scar.Conventional sonographic procedure was performed in all patients.Ureterovesical junction insertion angle was evaluated.The diameter and length of the ureterovesical junction were also measured.Results:268 children enrolled to the study.Vesicoureteral reflux was demonstrated in 62 children by x-ray voiding cystourethrography.Ureterovesical junction insertion angle measurement had a statistically significant relation for right and left vesicoureteral reflux presence(right:r:.646,p:.01 and left:r:.446,p:.01).Diagnosis sensitivity of vesicoureteral reflux with conventional ultrasonography is 95.10%and specificity is 81%(Youden’s index 76.1%)for the cutoff value of the ureterovesical junction insertion angle is 28.6 degrees.Positive predictive value is 87.2%,negative predictive value is 94.73%and diagnostic accuracy is 86.29%with conventional ultrasonography.Conclusions:Measurement of ureterovesical junction insertion angle,length and diameter by conventional urosonography is an easy accessible and cheap technique with high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis and followup of the vesicoureteral reflux without exposure to ionizing radiation.
基金This work was supported by the Open Research Fund of Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory,China(No.2021SLABFK10)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12274307,32230063,21774092 and 22303060)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(No.2023A1515011610)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics of Fudan University,China(No.KF2023_03).
文摘Interfacial interactions of proteins with cell membranes play important roles in fundamental physiological processes of cells.The binding of proteins to membranes involves interactions between amino acids and membranes.However,the mechanism underlying amino acids'membrane behavior remains elusive.Herein,all-atom molecular dynamic simulations were applied to comprehensively investigating the molecular details of interactions between 20 amino acids with DOPC membranes.Our results show that 20 amino acids exhibit distinct membrane insertion activities,which are not simply determined by the side chain properties of amino acids.Aromatic Tyr/Phe/Trp,hydrophobic Val/Ile/Leu/Met,positively-charged Arg and hydrophilic Cys exhibit significantly strong membrane insertion capacities with different characteristic insertion depths and insertion angles.Surprisingly,hydrophobic Ala,positively-charged His/Lys,hydrophilic Asn/Ser/Gln/Thr,negatively-charged Asp/Glu and Pro/Gly have low membrane insertion capabilities.Considering the chemical structures and interaction details of amino acids with membranes,we suggest that the abundance and diversity of interaction sites and types,the synergistic effect of hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions of amino acids with membranes and the structural flexibility of amino acids are key factors for determining membrane insertion capabilities and characteristics of amino acids.Our study sheds light on the atomic mechanism of interactions between single amino acids and membranes.
