BACKGROUND Lymphovascular invasion(LVI)and perineural invasion(PNI)are important prognostic factors for gastric cancer(GC)that indicate an increased risk of metastasis and poor outcomes.Accurate preoperative predictio...BACKGROUND Lymphovascular invasion(LVI)and perineural invasion(PNI)are important prognostic factors for gastric cancer(GC)that indicate an increased risk of metastasis and poor outcomes.Accurate preoperative prediction of LVI/PNI status could help clinicians identify high-risk patients and guide treatment deci-sions.However,prior models using conventional computed tomography(CT)images to predict LVI or PNI separately have had limited accuracy.Spectral CT provides quantitative enhancement parameters that may better capture tumor invasion.We hypothesized that a predictive model combining clinical and spectral CT parameters would accurately preoperatively predict LVI/PNI status in GC patients.AIM To develop and test a machine learning model that fuses spectral CT parameters and clinical indicators to predict LVI/PNI status accurately.METHODS This study used a retrospective dataset involving 257 GC patients(training cohort,n=172;validation cohort,n=85).First,several clinical indicators,including serum tumor markers,CT-TN stages and CT-detected extramural vein invasion(CT-EMVI),were extracted,as were quantitative spectral CT parameters from the delineated tumor regions.Next,a two-step feature selection approach using correlation-based methods and information gain ranking inside a 10-fold cross-validation loop was utilized to select informative clinical and spectral CT parameters.A logistic regression(LR)-based nomogram model was subsequently constructed to predict LVI/PNI status,and its performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC).RESULTS In both the training and validation cohorts,CT T3-4 stage,CT-N positive status,and CT-EMVI positive status are more prevalent in the LVI/PNI-positive group and these differences are statistically significant(P<0.05).LR analysis of the training group showed preoperative CT-T stage,CT-EMVI,single-energy CT values of 70 keV of venous phase(VP-70 keV),and the ratio of standardized iodine concentration of equilibrium phase(EP-NIC)were independent influencing factors.The AUCs of VP-70 keV and EP-NIC were 0.888 and 0.824,respectively,which were slightly greater than those of CT-T and CT-EMVI(AUC=0.793,0.762).The nomogram combining CT-T stage,CT-EMVI,VP-70 keV and EP-NIC yielded AUCs of 0.918(0.866-0.954)and 0.874(0.784-0.936)in the training and validation cohorts,which are significantly higher than using each of single independent factors(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The study found that using portal venous and EP spectral CT parameters allows effective preoperative detection of LVI/PNI in GC,with accuracy boosted by integrating clinical markers.展开更多
Biological invasion is triggered by human development activities such as the construction and expansion of road networks.Road verges serve as important habitats and corridors for the distribution of invasive alien pla...Biological invasion is triggered by human development activities such as the construction and expansion of road networks.Road verges serve as important habitats and corridors for the distribution of invasive alien plant species(IAPS)between geographically distant habitats.However,the trajectory of plant invasion and the data regarding the impact of roads on IAPS distribution are relatively poor in Nepal.Here,we surveyed two road types(main roads and feeder road)in the Middle Mountain region of central Nepal in order to investigate how different road types are driving the dispersal of IAPS along road verges and the adjacent natural habitats.Systematic sampling was conducted at ca 2.5 km intervals along the roads.At each sampling site,paired plots(25 m×4 m)were sampled:one adjacent to and along the road,and another 20 m away and parallel to it in the interior habitat.Our results revealed that the main road verges had a higher cover(33%)and a larger number of IAPS(14 species)than the feeder road(25%;10 species).The IAPS cover and richness were significantly higher along verges than in the adjacent interior habitats for both road types,indicating that roads are contributing as corridors for the dispersal of IAPS in the Middle Mountain areas of central Nepal.Further,elevation,tree canopy,and disturbances(grazing/mowing/trampling)were found to be the key factors that determine spatial distribution of IAPS along road verges.We emphasize that regular monitoring of vegetation along the road verges can help with the early detection and control of potential IAPS in the region before they become problematic.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a prevalent malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal system.ZNF710 is a transcription factor(TF),and zinc finger protein 710(ZNF710)-AS1-201 is an immune-related long noncoding RNA(lncRN...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a prevalent malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal system.ZNF710 is a transcription factor(TF),and zinc finger protein 710(ZNF710)-AS1-201 is an immune-related long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)that is upregulated in GC cells.AIM To assess the correlation between ZNF710-AS1-201 and immune microenvir-onment features and to investigate the roles of ZNF710-AS1-201 in the invasion and metastasis processes of GC cells.METHODS We obtained data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Wujin Hospital.We assessed cell growth,migration,invasion,and programmed cell death using cell counting kit-8,EdU,scratch,Transwell,and flow cytometry assays.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to identify the potential downstream targets of ZNF710-AS1-201.RESULTS In GC tissues with low ZNF710-AS1-201 expression,immunoassays detected significant infiltration of various antitumor immune cells,such as memory CD8 T cells and activated CD4 T cells.In the low-expression group,the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations(IC_(50)s)of 5-fluorouracil,cisplatin,gemcitabine,and trametinib were lower,whereas the IC_(50)s of dasatinib and vorinostat were higher.The malignant degree of GC was higher and the stage was later in the high-expression group.Additionally,patients with high expression of ZNF710-AS1-201 had lower overall survival and disease-free survival rates.In vitro,the overexpression of ZNF710-AS1-201 greatly enhanced growth,metastasis,and infiltration while suppressing cell death in HGC-27 cells.In contrast,the reduced expression of ZNF710-AS1-201 greatly hindered cell growth,enhanced apoptosis,and suppressed the metastasis and invasion of MKN-45 cells.The expression changes in ZNF710 were significant,but the corresponding changes in isocitrate dehydrogenase-2,Semaphorin 4B,ARHGAP10,RGMB,hsa-miR-93-5p,and ZNF710-AS1-202 were not consistent or statistically significant after overexpression or knockdown of ZNF710-AS1-201,as determined by qRT-PCR.CONCLUSION Immune-related lncRNA ZNF710-AS1-201 facilitates the metastasis and invasion of GC cells.It appears that ZNF710-AS1-201 and ZNF710 have potential as effective targets for therapeutic intervention in GC.Nevertheless,it is still necessary to determine the specific targets of the ZNF710 TF.展开更多
BACKGROUND Despite continuous changes in treatment methods,the survival rate for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients remains low,highlighting the importance of diagnostic methods for HCC.AIM To explore the ...BACKGROUND Despite continuous changes in treatment methods,the survival rate for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients remains low,highlighting the importance of diagnostic methods for HCC.AIM To explore the efficacy of texture analysis based on multi-parametric magnetic resonance(MR)imaging(MRI)in predicting microvascular invasion(MVI)in preoperative HCC.METHODS This study included 105 patients with pathologically confirmed HCC,categorized into MVI-positive and MVI-negative groups.We employed Original Data Analysis,Principal Component Analysis,Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA),and Non-LDA(NDA)for texture analysis using multi-parametric MR images to predict preoperative MVI.The effectiveness of texture analysis was determined using the B11 program of the MaZda4.6 software,with results expressed as the misjudgment rate(MCR).RESULTS Texture analysis using multi-parametric MRI,particularly the MI+PA+F dimensionality reduction method combined with NDA discrimination,demonstrated the most effective prediction of MVI in HCC.Prediction accuracy in the pulse and equilibrium phases was 83.81%.MCRs for the combination of T2-weighted imaging(T2WI),arterial phase,portal venous phase,and equilibrium phase were 22.86%,16.19%,20.95%,and 20.95%,respectively.The area under the curve for predicting MVI positivity was 0.844,with a sensitivity of 77.19%and specificity of 91.67%.CONCLUSION Texture analysis of arterial phase images demonstrated superior predictive efficacy for MVI in HCC compared to T2WI,portal venous,and equilibrium phases.This study provides an objective,non-invasive method for preoperative prediction of MVI,offering a theoretical foundation for the selection of clinical therapy.展开更多
Zhuo et al looked into the part of transmembrane 9 superfamily member 1(TM9SF1)in bladder cancer(BC),and evaluated if it can be used as a therapeutic target.They created a permanent BC cell line and tested the effects...Zhuo et al looked into the part of transmembrane 9 superfamily member 1(TM9SF1)in bladder cancer(BC),and evaluated if it can be used as a therapeutic target.They created a permanent BC cell line and tested the effects of TM9SF1 overexpression and suppression on BC cell growth,movement,invasion,and cell cycle advancement.Their results show that TM9SF1 can boost the growth,movement,and invasion of BC cells and their access into the G2/M stage of the cell cycle.This research gives a novel direction and concept for targeted therapy of BC.展开更多
BACKGROUND Significant correlation between lymphatic,microvascular,and perineural invasion(LMPI)and the prognosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(PENTs)was confirmed by previous studies.There was no previous study...BACKGROUND Significant correlation between lymphatic,microvascular,and perineural invasion(LMPI)and the prognosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(PENTs)was confirmed by previous studies.There was no previous study reported the relationship between magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)parameters and LMPI.AIM To determine the feasibility of using preoperative MRI of the pancreas to predict LMPI in patients with non-functioning PENTs(NFPNETs).METHODS A total of 61 patients with NFPNETs who underwent MRI scans and lymphadenectomy from May 2011 to June 2018 were included in this retrospective study.The patients were divided into group 1(n=34,LMPI negative)and group 2(n=27,LMPI positive).The clinical characteristics and qualitative MRI features were collected.In order to predict LMPI status in NF-PNETs,a multivariate logistic regression model was constructed.Diagnostic performance was evaluated by calculating the receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curve with area under ROC,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value(PPV),negative predictive value(NPV)and accuracy.RESULTS There were significant differences in the lymph node metastasis stage,tumor grade,neuron-specific enolase levels,tumor margin,main pancreatic ductal dilatation,common bile duct dilatation,enhancement pattern,vascular and adjacent tissue involvement,synchronous liver metastases,the long axis of the largest lymph node,the short axis of the largest lymph node,number of the lymph nodes with short axis>5 or 10 mm,and tumor volume between two groups(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that tumor margin(odds ratio=11.523,P<0.001)was a predictive factor for LMPI of NF-PNETs.The area under the receiver value for the predictive performance of combined predictive factors was 0.855.The sensitivity,specificity,PPV,NPV and accuracy of the model were 48.1%(14/27),97.1%(33/34),97.1%(13/14),70.2%(33/47)and 0.754,respectively.CONCLUSION Using preoperative MRI,ill-defined tumor margins can effectively predict LMPI in patients with NF-PNETs.展开更多
Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM) is an essentially incurable brain tumor, which has been explored for approximately a century. Nowadays, surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy are still the standardized t...Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM) is an essentially incurable brain tumor, which has been explored for approximately a century. Nowadays, surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy are still the standardized therapeutic options. However, due to the intrinsic invasion and metastasis features and the resistance to chemotherapy, the survival rate of glioblastoma patients remains unsatisfactory. To improve the current situation, much more research is needed to provide comprehensive knowledge of GBM. In this review, we summarize the latest updates on GBM treatment and invasion. Firstly, we review the traditional and emerging therapies that have been used for GBM treatment. Given the limited efficiency of these therapies, we further discuss the role of invasion in GBM recurrence and progression, and present current research progress on the mode and mechanisms of GBM invasion.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most lethal tumors in the world.Liver resection(LR)and liver transplantation(LT)are widely considered as radical treatments for early HCC.However,the recurrence rates after c...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most lethal tumors in the world.Liver resection(LR)and liver transplantation(LT)are widely considered as radical treatments for early HCC.However,the recurrence rates after curative treatment are still high and overall survival is unsatisfactory.Microvascular invasion(MVI)is considered to be one of the important prognostic factors affecting postoperative recurrence and long-term survival.Unfortunately,whether HCC patients with MVI should receive postoperative adjuvant therapy remains unknown.In this review,we summarize the therapeutic effects of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy,tyrosine protein kinase inhibitor-based targeted therapy,and immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with MVI after LR or LT,aiming to provide a reference for the best adjuvant treatment strategy for HCC patients with MVI after LT or LR.展开更多
The role of regional species diversity in large-scale species invasions has been largely controversial.On the one hand,it has been proposed that diversity may facilitate invasion(“diversity begets diversity”)because...The role of regional species diversity in large-scale species invasions has been largely controversial.On the one hand,it has been proposed that diversity may facilitate invasion(“diversity begets diversity”)because regions with higher diversity may indicate favorable conditions for many more species.On the other hand,high diversity may indicate high levels of niche occupation,thus making it more difficult for new species to invade.In the past,invasion biologists have evaluated how regional native and exotic richness are related.Here,we test whether the range size of exotic species may be constrained by regional native richness using plant data from three continental regions in the Northern Hemisphere,i.e.,Europe,Eastern Asia,and North America.We found that regional native plant diversity is inversely related to the range size of exotic species.This result may be due to stronger species interactions such as competition in species-rich habitats that limit the establishment and spread of exotic species.展开更多
The exotic saltmarsh cordgrass,Spartina alterniflora(Loisel)Peterson&Saarela,is one of the important causes for the extensive destruction of mangroves in China due to its invasive nature.The species has rapidly sp...The exotic saltmarsh cordgrass,Spartina alterniflora(Loisel)Peterson&Saarela,is one of the important causes for the extensive destruction of mangroves in China due to its invasive nature.The species has rapidly spread wildly across coastal wetlands,challenging resource managers for control of its further spread.An investigation of S.alterniflora invasion and associated ecological risk is urgent in China's coastal wetlands.In this study,an ecological risk invasive index system was developed based on the Driving Force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response framework.Predictions were made of'warning degrees':zero warning and light,moderate,strong,and extreme warning,by developing a back propagation(BP)artificial neural network model for coastal wetlands in eastern Fujian Province.Our results suggest that S.alterniflora mainly has invaded Kandelia candel beaches and farmlands with clustered distributions.An early warning indicator system assessed the ecological risk of the invasion and showed a ladder-like distribution from high to low extending from the urban area in the central inland region with changes spread to adjacent areas.Areas of light warning and extreme warning accounted for43%and 7%,respectively,suggesting the BP neural network model is reliable prediction of the ecological risk of S.alterniflora invasion.The model predicts that distribution pattern of this invasive species will change little in the next 10 years.However,the invaded patches will become relatively more concentrated without warning predicted.We suggest that human factors such as land use activities may partially determine changes in warning degree.Our results emphasize that an early warning system for S.alterniflora invasion in China's eastern coastal wetlands is significant,and comprehensive control measures are needed,particularly for K.candel beach.展开更多
Background:Preeclampsia(PE),characterized by hypertension and proteinuria,leads to serious maternal and infant complications.Uridine-cytidine kinase 2(UCK2)belongs to the UCK family,a class of enzymes that catalyzes t...Background:Preeclampsia(PE),characterized by hypertension and proteinuria,leads to serious maternal and infant complications.Uridine-cytidine kinase 2(UCK2)belongs to the UCK family,a class of enzymes that catalyzes the conversion of uridine and cytidine to monophosphate form.However,the role of UCK2 in PE has not been reported.Methods:The expression of UCK2 was detected in the placenta of PE patients and N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl esterinduced PE mouse model.Through forced up-regulation or down-regulation of UCK2 in vitro,we examined the effects of UCK2 on the proliferation,apoptosis,migration,and invasion of trophoblast cells.Stattic,the inhibitor of STAT3 pathway,was used to investigate whether the STAT3 pathway mediates the biological function of UCK2 in trophoblast cells.Results:The present study found that UCK2 showed low expression in the placenta of PE patients and PE mouse model.MTT(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide)and flow cytometry assays verified that up-regulation of UCK2 promoted the proliferation of trophoblast cells,while the silence of UCK2 suppressed cell proliferation.Besides,flow cytometry and TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling assays demonstrated that knockdown of UCK2 resulted in apoptosis of trophoblast cells.The wound healing and transwell assays showed that the migration and invasion activities of the trophoblast cells were facilitated by the overexpression of UCK2 and were blocked by the silence of UCK2.Furthermore,the expression of phosphorylated STAT3 was increased with the upregulation of UCK2 and decreased with the inhibition of UCK2.When the STAT3 pathway was blocked by its inhibitor stattic,the promotion effects of UCK2 on trophoblast cells were suppressed.Conclusion:UCK2 promotes the proliferation,migration,and invasion of trophoblast cells,and these effects may be partly mediated by the activation of the STAT3 pathway.展开更多
As a pathway that plays a role in nutrient absorption,anabolic response,cell growth and survival,the important role of AKT/mTOR in tumorigenesis has also come to light.For cancer patients,most deaths are caused by the...As a pathway that plays a role in nutrient absorption,anabolic response,cell growth and survival,the important role of AKT/mTOR in tumorigenesis has also come to light.For cancer patients,most deaths are caused by the growth of metastatic tumors outside the primary focus.Therefore,migration and invasion in the late stage of tumor progression are the main unresolved issues in the study of tumor pathogenesis,and AKT/mTOR has been found to participate in the migration and invasion of cancer cells,which means that the study of this pathway may contribute to a solution for the problem.Because of its extensive and complex functions in the organism,this pathway can be regulated by a variety of different signals in the body,and then realize its function through different downstream signal molecules.This article reviews the proteins that can indirectly affect this pathway by regulating the common upstream signaling molecules of this pathway,and the proteins that can directly affect the level of phosphorylation of AKT/mTOR in cancer cells.We also review the proteins that can co-regulate this pathway and its downstream pathways.Through this study,we hope to gain a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanism of the AKT/mTOR pathway in cancer cells,in hopes of finding effective and harmless cancer treatment targets in the future.展开更多
Necrotrophic pathogens replicate massively upon colonizing plants,causing large-scale wilting and death of plant tissues.Under-standing both mechanisms of pathogen invasion and host response processes prior to symptom...Necrotrophic pathogens replicate massively upon colonizing plants,causing large-scale wilting and death of plant tissues.Under-standing both mechanisms of pathogen invasion and host response processes prior to symptom appearance and their key regulatory networks is therefore important for defense against pathogen attack.Here,we investigated the mechanisms of interaction between woodland strawberry(Fragaria vesca)leaves and gray mold pathogen(Botrytis cinerea)at 14 infection time points during the first 12 hours of the infection period using a dense,high-resolution time series dual transcriptomic analysis,characterizing the arms race between strawberry F.vesca and B.cinerea before the appearance of localized lesions.Strawberry leaves rapidly initiated strong systemic defenses at the first sign of external stimulation and showed lower levels of transcriptomic change later in the infection process.Unlike the host plants,B.cinerea showed larger-scale transcriptomic changes that persisted throughout the infection process.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified highly correlated genes in 32 gene expression modules between B.cinerea and strawberry.Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays revealed that the disease response protein FvRLP2 from woodland strawberry interacted with the cell death inducing proteins BcXYG1 and BcPG3 from B.cinerea.Overexpression of FvRLP2 in both strawberry and Arabidopsis inhibited B.cinerea infection,confirming these genes’respective functions.These findings shed light on the arms race process by which B.cinerea invades host plants and strawberry to defend against pathogen infection.展开更多
BACKGROUND A rectal neuroendocrine tumor(rNET)is a malignant tumor originating from neuroendocrine cells.Currently,tumor size is the primary basis for assessing tumor risk.CASE SUMMARY This article reports the case of...BACKGROUND A rectal neuroendocrine tumor(rNET)is a malignant tumor originating from neuroendocrine cells.Currently,tumor size is the primary basis for assessing tumor risk.CASE SUMMARY This article reports the case of a 46-year-old male patient who underwent a colonoscopy that found a 3 mm rectal polypoid bulge.The pathological examination of a sample collected with biopsy forceps revealed a neuroendocrine tumor.Further endoscopic submucosal dissection rescue therapy was used.The presence of lymphatic vessels indicated that the tumor had infiltrated the negative resection margin.The lesion was located in the distal rectum near the anal canal.Therefore,to ensure the patient’s quality of life,follow-up observation was conducted after full communication with the patient.No tumor recurrence or distant metastasis has been found during the 13-mo follow-up after surgery.CONCLUSION Despite the presence of lymphatic invasion and extremely small diameter rNETs in our case,this phenomenon may not imply a higher risk of distant lymph node and organ metastasis.展开更多
Invasive plants affect the composition of native habitats,often triggering the loss of biodiversity(Kuebbing et al.,2014,2016;Wang et al.,2021a,2021b).Hence,understanding the mechanisms that underlie successful biolog...Invasive plants affect the composition of native habitats,often triggering the loss of biodiversity(Kuebbing et al.,2014,2016;Wang et al.,2021a,2021b).Hence,understanding the mechanisms that underlie successful biological invasion has become a major issue in invasion ecology.The invasion of one habitat by two or more invasive plants is referred to as co-invasion(Sheppard,2019;Wang et al.,2020,2022;Wei et al.,2020a).The invasional meltdown hypothesis posits that the successful colonization of one invasive plant can create a favorable environment for the successful colonization of a second invasive plant(Simberloff,2006;Green et al.,2011;Kuebbing et al.,2016;Braga et al.,2017).展开更多
BACKGROUND Chicken skin mucosa(CSM)surrounding colon polyps is a common endoscopic finding with pale yellow-speckled mucosa during a colonoscopy screening.Although reports about CSM surrounding small colorectal cancer...BACKGROUND Chicken skin mucosa(CSM)surrounding colon polyps is a common endoscopic finding with pale yellow-speckled mucosa during a colonoscopy screening.Although reports about CSM surrounding small colorectal cancer are scarce,and its clinical significance in intramucosal and submucosal cancers is unclear,previous studies have suggested it could be an endoscopic predictive marker for colonic neoplastic and advanced polyps.Currently,because of the inaccurate preoperative evaluation by endoscopists,many small colorectal cancers,particularly lesions with a diameter<2 cm,are improperly treated.Therefore,more effective methods are required to better assess the depth of the lesion before treatment.AIM To explore potential markers of small colorectal cancer early invasion under white light endoscopy,providing patients with better treatment alternatives.METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional study included 198 consecutive patients[233 early colorectal cancers(ECCs)]who underwent endoscopy or surgical procedures at the Digestive Endoscopy Center of Chengdu Second People’s Hospital between January 2021 and August 2022.The participants had pathologically confirmed colorectal cancer with a lesion diameter<2 cm and received endoscopic or surgical treatment,including endoscopic mucosal resection and submucosal dissection.Clinical pathology and endoscopy parameters,including tumor size,invasion depth,anatomical position,and morphology,were reviewed.Fisher’s exact test,theχ2 test,and Student’s t-test were used to analyze the patient’s basic characteristics.Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between morphological characteristics,size,CSM prevalence,and ECC invasion depth under white light endoscopy.Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.RESULTS The submucosal carcinoma(SM stage)was larger than the mucosal carcinoma(M stage)with a significant difference(17.2±4.1 vs 13.4±4.6 mm,P<0.01).M-and SM-stage cancers were common in the left colon;however,no significant differences were found between them(151/196,77%and 32/37,86.5%,respectively,P=0.199).The endoscopic features of colorectal cancer revealed that CSM,depressed areas with clear boundaries,and erosion or ulcer bleeding were more common in the SM-stage cancer group than in the M-stage cancer group(59.5%vs 26.2%,46%vs 8.7%,and 27.3%vs 4.1%,respectively,P<0.05).CSM prevalence in this study was 31.3%(73/233).The positive rates of CSM in flat,protruded,and sessile lesions were 18%(11/61),30.6%(30/98),and 43.2%(32/74),respectively,with significant differences(P=0.007).CONCLUSION CSM-related small colorectal cancer was primarily located in the left colon and could be a predictive marker of submucosal invasion in the left colon.展开更多
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)with differential expression characteristics have been found to be closely related to the tumorigenesis and development of gastric cancer(GC),but their specific mechanisms and r...BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)with differential expression characteristics have been found to be closely related to the tumorigenesis and development of gastric cancer(GC),but their specific mechanisms and roles still need to be further elucidated.AIM To investigate the expression of LINC01268 in GC and its mechanism of affecting GC progression.METHODS Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of LINC01268 in GC tissues,cell lines and plasma.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate the value of LINC01268 in the prognostication of GC patients.An receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to evaluate the value of LINC01268 in the diagnosis of GC.Transwell migration and invasion assays and wound healing assays were used to confirm the effect of LINC01268 on the invasion and migration of GC cells.The regulatory relationship between LINC01268 and myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate(MARCKS),the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)process in GC was demonstrated by western blot analysis.RESULTS The expression of LINC01268 was increased in GC tissues and cell lines.The expression level of LINC01268 was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis,TNM stage,and tumor differentiation in patients with GC.Over-expression of LINC01268 indicated a poor prognosis for patients with GC,and it had a certain auxiliary diagnostic value for GC.In vitro functional experiments proved that the abnormal expression of LINC01268 further activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and promoted EMT by targeting and regulating MARCKS and ultimately promoted the invasion and metastasis of GC.CONCLUSION This study elucidates that LINC01268 in GC may be an oncogene that further activates the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and EMT by targeting and regulating MARCKS,and ultimately promotes the invasion and metastasis of GC.LINC01268 may be a potential effective target for the treatment of GC.展开更多
Objective: To explore the effect of connexin 32 (Cx32) on the cell proliferation, migration, invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line Huh7 and its mechanism. Methods: Firstly, bioinformatics techniqu...Objective: To explore the effect of connexin 32 (Cx32) on the cell proliferation, migration, invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line Huh7 and its mechanism. Methods: Firstly, bioinformatics techniques were used to analyze the difference in expression of Cx32 between HCC tissues and normal liver tissues, and the relationship between Cx32 expression and important clinicopathological features of HCC was also explored. Subsequently, Cx32 expression in HCC cell lines and normal hepatic epithelial cell line was detected in vitro. Huh7 cell line with stable over⁃expression of Cx32 was further established, and the change in cell proliferation ability was measured by MTT assay, changes in migration and invasion capacities were detected by wound⁃healing assay and transwell assay, on this cell line. Finally, western blot and immunofluorescence (IF) were used to investigate the alterations of expression of epithelial⁃mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. Results: Bioinformatics analyses showed that Cx32 mRNA and protein expression levels in HCC tissues were lower than those in normal liver tissues, and the mRNA expression level of Cx32 was negatively correlated with T stage, histological grade and clinical stage of HCC patients (all P<0.05). Results of in vitro experiments revealed Cx32 protein expression in different HCC cell lines was down⁃regulated compared to that in normal hepatic epithelial cell line LO2. Cx32 stably over⁃expressed (Cx32 OE) Huh7 cell line was successfully constructed by lentivirus infection and showed high expression of Cx32 protein in the cell line. Compared to the control group and (or) the negative control (NC) group, the Cx32 OE group exhibited decreased OD490 value, wound healing rate and invasive cell number (all P<0.05). Furthermore, an increase in the expression of epithelial marker E⁃cadherin, and a decrease in the expression of mesenchymal markers Snail and Vimentin, were observed in Cx32⁃OE Huh7 cell line. Conclusion: Cx32 is low expressed in HCC tissues and cells, while the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of Huh7 cells can be inhibited by over⁃expression of Cx32, of which the underlying mechanism may be related to the inhibition of EMT process.展开更多
Objective:To study the effect of plumbagin(PL)on the migration and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cells and its possible mechanism.Methods:The cell counting kit(CCK-8)was used to detect the effects of ...Objective:To study the effect of plumbagin(PL)on the migration and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cells and its possible mechanism.Methods:The cell counting kit(CCK-8)was used to detect the effects of different concentrations of plumbagin on the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma Huh-7 and LM3 cells.The effect of plumbagin on the migration ability of Huh-7 and LM3 cells was detected by scratch test and Transwell migration test,and the effect of on the invasion ability of Huh-7 and LM3 cells was detected by Transwell invasion test.Western Blot was used to detect the expression of E-cadherin,N-cadherin,matrix metalloproteinase-2 and related proteins in JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in Huh-7 and LM3 cells.Results:Plumbagin could inhibit the proliferation of Huh-7 and LM3 cells in a time-and concentration-dependent manner.Plumbagin inhibited the migration and invasion of Huh-7 and LM3 cells in a concentration dependent manner,and it can down-regulate the expression of N-cadherin and MMP-2 protein,up-regulate the expression of E-cadherin protein,and inhibit the activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.Conclusion:Plumbagin can inhibit the migration and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma Huh-7 and LM3 cells,and the molecular mechanism of this process may be related to the inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway activation.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effect of interferon regulatory factor on the invasion and migration of tongue squamous carcinoma cells. [Methods]The expression level of IRF1 in tongue squamous...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effect of interferon regulatory factor on the invasion and migration of tongue squamous carcinoma cells. [Methods]The expression level of IRF1 in tongue squamous carcinoma tissues was detected by real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. Plasmids for overexpression and knockdown of IRF1 were constructed. The effects of overexpression and knockdown of IRF1 on the proliferation, invasion and migration of Tca8113 cells were examined in Tca8113 cells. [Results] IRF1 expression was abnormally reduced in tongue squamous carcinoma tissues, and both real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry showed significantly lower expression than that of paraneoplastic controls. The overexpression and knockdown plasmids of IRF1 were successfully constructed. Growth curve assays showed that overexpression of IRF1 inhibited the proliferation of Tca8113 cells, while knockdown of IRF1 promoted the proliferation of Tca8113 cells. Scratch assay showed that overexpression of IRF1 inhibited the migration of Tca8113 cells, while knockdown of IRF1 promoted the migration of Tca8113 cells. Transwell assay showed that overexpression of IRF1 inhibited the invasion of Tca8113 cells, while knockdown of IRF1 promoted the invasion of Tca8113 cells. [Conclusions] In the development of tongue squamous carcinoma, IRF1 functions as an anti-oncogene, and the expression level of IRF1 was reduced in tongue squamous carcinoma tissues.展开更多
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project of Fujian Province,No.2022Y0025.
文摘BACKGROUND Lymphovascular invasion(LVI)and perineural invasion(PNI)are important prognostic factors for gastric cancer(GC)that indicate an increased risk of metastasis and poor outcomes.Accurate preoperative prediction of LVI/PNI status could help clinicians identify high-risk patients and guide treatment deci-sions.However,prior models using conventional computed tomography(CT)images to predict LVI or PNI separately have had limited accuracy.Spectral CT provides quantitative enhancement parameters that may better capture tumor invasion.We hypothesized that a predictive model combining clinical and spectral CT parameters would accurately preoperatively predict LVI/PNI status in GC patients.AIM To develop and test a machine learning model that fuses spectral CT parameters and clinical indicators to predict LVI/PNI status accurately.METHODS This study used a retrospective dataset involving 257 GC patients(training cohort,n=172;validation cohort,n=85).First,several clinical indicators,including serum tumor markers,CT-TN stages and CT-detected extramural vein invasion(CT-EMVI),were extracted,as were quantitative spectral CT parameters from the delineated tumor regions.Next,a two-step feature selection approach using correlation-based methods and information gain ranking inside a 10-fold cross-validation loop was utilized to select informative clinical and spectral CT parameters.A logistic regression(LR)-based nomogram model was subsequently constructed to predict LVI/PNI status,and its performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC).RESULTS In both the training and validation cohorts,CT T3-4 stage,CT-N positive status,and CT-EMVI positive status are more prevalent in the LVI/PNI-positive group and these differences are statistically significant(P<0.05).LR analysis of the training group showed preoperative CT-T stage,CT-EMVI,single-energy CT values of 70 keV of venous phase(VP-70 keV),and the ratio of standardized iodine concentration of equilibrium phase(EP-NIC)were independent influencing factors.The AUCs of VP-70 keV and EP-NIC were 0.888 and 0.824,respectively,which were slightly greater than those of CT-T and CT-EMVI(AUC=0.793,0.762).The nomogram combining CT-T stage,CT-EMVI,VP-70 keV and EP-NIC yielded AUCs of 0.918(0.866-0.954)and 0.874(0.784-0.936)in the training and validation cohorts,which are significantly higher than using each of single independent factors(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The study found that using portal venous and EP spectral CT parameters allows effective preoperative detection of LVI/PNI in GC,with accuracy boosted by integrating clinical markers.
文摘Biological invasion is triggered by human development activities such as the construction and expansion of road networks.Road verges serve as important habitats and corridors for the distribution of invasive alien plant species(IAPS)between geographically distant habitats.However,the trajectory of plant invasion and the data regarding the impact of roads on IAPS distribution are relatively poor in Nepal.Here,we surveyed two road types(main roads and feeder road)in the Middle Mountain region of central Nepal in order to investigate how different road types are driving the dispersal of IAPS along road verges and the adjacent natural habitats.Systematic sampling was conducted at ca 2.5 km intervals along the roads.At each sampling site,paired plots(25 m×4 m)were sampled:one adjacent to and along the road,and another 20 m away and parallel to it in the interior habitat.Our results revealed that the main road verges had a higher cover(33%)and a larger number of IAPS(14 species)than the feeder road(25%;10 species).The IAPS cover and richness were significantly higher along verges than in the adjacent interior habitats for both road types,indicating that roads are contributing as corridors for the dispersal of IAPS in the Middle Mountain areas of central Nepal.Further,elevation,tree canopy,and disturbances(grazing/mowing/trampling)were found to be the key factors that determine spatial distribution of IAPS along road verges.We emphasize that regular monitoring of vegetation along the road verges can help with the early detection and control of potential IAPS in the region before they become problematic.
基金Changzhou Sci and Tech Program,No.CJ20220008Young Talent Development Plan of Changzhou Health Commission,No.CZQM2020118+2 种基金Changzhou High-Level Medical Talents Training Project,No.2022CZBJ105Cultivation Project of Changzhou Medical Center,Nanjing Medical University,No.CMCB202211Development Foundation of Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University,No.XYFC202304,and No.XYFM202307。
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a prevalent malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal system.ZNF710 is a transcription factor(TF),and zinc finger protein 710(ZNF710)-AS1-201 is an immune-related long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)that is upregulated in GC cells.AIM To assess the correlation between ZNF710-AS1-201 and immune microenvir-onment features and to investigate the roles of ZNF710-AS1-201 in the invasion and metastasis processes of GC cells.METHODS We obtained data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Wujin Hospital.We assessed cell growth,migration,invasion,and programmed cell death using cell counting kit-8,EdU,scratch,Transwell,and flow cytometry assays.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to identify the potential downstream targets of ZNF710-AS1-201.RESULTS In GC tissues with low ZNF710-AS1-201 expression,immunoassays detected significant infiltration of various antitumor immune cells,such as memory CD8 T cells and activated CD4 T cells.In the low-expression group,the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations(IC_(50)s)of 5-fluorouracil,cisplatin,gemcitabine,and trametinib were lower,whereas the IC_(50)s of dasatinib and vorinostat were higher.The malignant degree of GC was higher and the stage was later in the high-expression group.Additionally,patients with high expression of ZNF710-AS1-201 had lower overall survival and disease-free survival rates.In vitro,the overexpression of ZNF710-AS1-201 greatly enhanced growth,metastasis,and infiltration while suppressing cell death in HGC-27 cells.In contrast,the reduced expression of ZNF710-AS1-201 greatly hindered cell growth,enhanced apoptosis,and suppressed the metastasis and invasion of MKN-45 cells.The expression changes in ZNF710 were significant,but the corresponding changes in isocitrate dehydrogenase-2,Semaphorin 4B,ARHGAP10,RGMB,hsa-miR-93-5p,and ZNF710-AS1-202 were not consistent or statistically significant after overexpression or knockdown of ZNF710-AS1-201,as determined by qRT-PCR.CONCLUSION Immune-related lncRNA ZNF710-AS1-201 facilitates the metastasis and invasion of GC cells.It appears that ZNF710-AS1-201 and ZNF710 have potential as effective targets for therapeutic intervention in GC.Nevertheless,it is still necessary to determine the specific targets of the ZNF710 TF.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81560278the Health Commission of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,No.Z-A20221157,No.Z20200953,and No.G201903023.
文摘BACKGROUND Despite continuous changes in treatment methods,the survival rate for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients remains low,highlighting the importance of diagnostic methods for HCC.AIM To explore the efficacy of texture analysis based on multi-parametric magnetic resonance(MR)imaging(MRI)in predicting microvascular invasion(MVI)in preoperative HCC.METHODS This study included 105 patients with pathologically confirmed HCC,categorized into MVI-positive and MVI-negative groups.We employed Original Data Analysis,Principal Component Analysis,Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA),and Non-LDA(NDA)for texture analysis using multi-parametric MR images to predict preoperative MVI.The effectiveness of texture analysis was determined using the B11 program of the MaZda4.6 software,with results expressed as the misjudgment rate(MCR).RESULTS Texture analysis using multi-parametric MRI,particularly the MI+PA+F dimensionality reduction method combined with NDA discrimination,demonstrated the most effective prediction of MVI in HCC.Prediction accuracy in the pulse and equilibrium phases was 83.81%.MCRs for the combination of T2-weighted imaging(T2WI),arterial phase,portal venous phase,and equilibrium phase were 22.86%,16.19%,20.95%,and 20.95%,respectively.The area under the curve for predicting MVI positivity was 0.844,with a sensitivity of 77.19%and specificity of 91.67%.CONCLUSION Texture analysis of arterial phase images demonstrated superior predictive efficacy for MVI in HCC compared to T2WI,portal venous,and equilibrium phases.This study provides an objective,non-invasive method for preoperative prediction of MVI,offering a theoretical foundation for the selection of clinical therapy.
文摘Zhuo et al looked into the part of transmembrane 9 superfamily member 1(TM9SF1)in bladder cancer(BC),and evaluated if it can be used as a therapeutic target.They created a permanent BC cell line and tested the effects of TM9SF1 overexpression and suppression on BC cell growth,movement,invasion,and cell cycle advancement.Their results show that TM9SF1 can boost the growth,movement,and invasion of BC cells and their access into the G2/M stage of the cell cycle.This research gives a novel direction and concept for targeted therapy of BC.
基金Supported by Beijing Hospitals Authority Youth Program,No.QML20231103.
文摘BACKGROUND Significant correlation between lymphatic,microvascular,and perineural invasion(LMPI)and the prognosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(PENTs)was confirmed by previous studies.There was no previous study reported the relationship between magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)parameters and LMPI.AIM To determine the feasibility of using preoperative MRI of the pancreas to predict LMPI in patients with non-functioning PENTs(NFPNETs).METHODS A total of 61 patients with NFPNETs who underwent MRI scans and lymphadenectomy from May 2011 to June 2018 were included in this retrospective study.The patients were divided into group 1(n=34,LMPI negative)and group 2(n=27,LMPI positive).The clinical characteristics and qualitative MRI features were collected.In order to predict LMPI status in NF-PNETs,a multivariate logistic regression model was constructed.Diagnostic performance was evaluated by calculating the receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curve with area under ROC,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value(PPV),negative predictive value(NPV)and accuracy.RESULTS There were significant differences in the lymph node metastasis stage,tumor grade,neuron-specific enolase levels,tumor margin,main pancreatic ductal dilatation,common bile duct dilatation,enhancement pattern,vascular and adjacent tissue involvement,synchronous liver metastases,the long axis of the largest lymph node,the short axis of the largest lymph node,number of the lymph nodes with short axis>5 or 10 mm,and tumor volume between two groups(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that tumor margin(odds ratio=11.523,P<0.001)was a predictive factor for LMPI of NF-PNETs.The area under the receiver value for the predictive performance of combined predictive factors was 0.855.The sensitivity,specificity,PPV,NPV and accuracy of the model were 48.1%(14/27),97.1%(33/34),97.1%(13/14),70.2%(33/47)and 0.754,respectively.CONCLUSION Using preoperative MRI,ill-defined tumor margins can effectively predict LMPI in patients with NF-PNETs.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 82003764 to L.F.)Universities Natural Science Research Project of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. 19KJB350001to L.F.)。
文摘Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM) is an essentially incurable brain tumor, which has been explored for approximately a century. Nowadays, surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy are still the standardized therapeutic options. However, due to the intrinsic invasion and metastasis features and the resistance to chemotherapy, the survival rate of glioblastoma patients remains unsatisfactory. To improve the current situation, much more research is needed to provide comprehensive knowledge of GBM. In this review, we summarize the latest updates on GBM treatment and invasion. Firstly, we review the traditional and emerging therapies that have been used for GBM treatment. Given the limited efficiency of these therapies, we further discuss the role of invasion in GBM recurrence and progression, and present current research progress on the mode and mechanisms of GBM invasion.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81902839.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most lethal tumors in the world.Liver resection(LR)and liver transplantation(LT)are widely considered as radical treatments for early HCC.However,the recurrence rates after curative treatment are still high and overall survival is unsatisfactory.Microvascular invasion(MVI)is considered to be one of the important prognostic factors affecting postoperative recurrence and long-term survival.Unfortunately,whether HCC patients with MVI should receive postoperative adjuvant therapy remains unknown.In this review,we summarize the therapeutic effects of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy,tyrosine protein kinase inhibitor-based targeted therapy,and immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with MVI after LR or LT,aiming to provide a reference for the best adjuvant treatment strategy for HCC patients with MVI after LT or LR.
文摘The role of regional species diversity in large-scale species invasions has been largely controversial.On the one hand,it has been proposed that diversity may facilitate invasion(“diversity begets diversity”)because regions with higher diversity may indicate favorable conditions for many more species.On the other hand,high diversity may indicate high levels of niche occupation,thus making it more difficult for new species to invade.In the past,invasion biologists have evaluated how regional native and exotic richness are related.Here,we test whether the range size of exotic species may be constrained by regional native richness using plant data from three continental regions in the Northern Hemisphere,i.e.,Europe,Eastern Asia,and North America.We found that regional native plant diversity is inversely related to the range size of exotic species.This result may be due to stronger species interactions such as competition in species-rich habitats that limit the establishment and spread of exotic species.
基金funded by Forestry Peak Discipline Construction Project of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (72202200205)Fujian Province Natural Science (2022J01575)Science and Technology Innovation Project of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (KFA20036A)。
文摘The exotic saltmarsh cordgrass,Spartina alterniflora(Loisel)Peterson&Saarela,is one of the important causes for the extensive destruction of mangroves in China due to its invasive nature.The species has rapidly spread wildly across coastal wetlands,challenging resource managers for control of its further spread.An investigation of S.alterniflora invasion and associated ecological risk is urgent in China's coastal wetlands.In this study,an ecological risk invasive index system was developed based on the Driving Force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response framework.Predictions were made of'warning degrees':zero warning and light,moderate,strong,and extreme warning,by developing a back propagation(BP)artificial neural network model for coastal wetlands in eastern Fujian Province.Our results suggest that S.alterniflora mainly has invaded Kandelia candel beaches and farmlands with clustered distributions.An early warning indicator system assessed the ecological risk of the invasion and showed a ladder-like distribution from high to low extending from the urban area in the central inland region with changes spread to adjacent areas.Areas of light warning and extreme warning accounted for43%and 7%,respectively,suggesting the BP neural network model is reliable prediction of the ecological risk of S.alterniflora invasion.The model predicts that distribution pattern of this invasive species will change little in the next 10 years.However,the invaded patches will become relatively more concentrated without warning predicted.We suggest that human factors such as land use activities may partially determine changes in warning degree.Our results emphasize that an early warning system for S.alterniflora invasion in China's eastern coastal wetlands is significant,and comprehensive control measures are needed,particularly for K.candel beach.
基金supported by“Heart Health Research Fund,”Special Fund for Cardiovascular Disease Development of China,China International Medical Foundation(Grant No.Z-2019-42-1908-3),Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project,and the Young Talents Training Program of Tianjin First Central Hospital.
文摘Background:Preeclampsia(PE),characterized by hypertension and proteinuria,leads to serious maternal and infant complications.Uridine-cytidine kinase 2(UCK2)belongs to the UCK family,a class of enzymes that catalyzes the conversion of uridine and cytidine to monophosphate form.However,the role of UCK2 in PE has not been reported.Methods:The expression of UCK2 was detected in the placenta of PE patients and N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl esterinduced PE mouse model.Through forced up-regulation or down-regulation of UCK2 in vitro,we examined the effects of UCK2 on the proliferation,apoptosis,migration,and invasion of trophoblast cells.Stattic,the inhibitor of STAT3 pathway,was used to investigate whether the STAT3 pathway mediates the biological function of UCK2 in trophoblast cells.Results:The present study found that UCK2 showed low expression in the placenta of PE patients and PE mouse model.MTT(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide)and flow cytometry assays verified that up-regulation of UCK2 promoted the proliferation of trophoblast cells,while the silence of UCK2 suppressed cell proliferation.Besides,flow cytometry and TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling assays demonstrated that knockdown of UCK2 resulted in apoptosis of trophoblast cells.The wound healing and transwell assays showed that the migration and invasion activities of the trophoblast cells were facilitated by the overexpression of UCK2 and were blocked by the silence of UCK2.Furthermore,the expression of phosphorylated STAT3 was increased with the upregulation of UCK2 and decreased with the inhibition of UCK2.When the STAT3 pathway was blocked by its inhibitor stattic,the promotion effects of UCK2 on trophoblast cells were suppressed.Conclusion:UCK2 promotes the proliferation,migration,and invasion of trophoblast cells,and these effects may be partly mediated by the activation of the STAT3 pathway.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32102786,32270555).
文摘As a pathway that plays a role in nutrient absorption,anabolic response,cell growth and survival,the important role of AKT/mTOR in tumorigenesis has also come to light.For cancer patients,most deaths are caused by the growth of metastatic tumors outside the primary focus.Therefore,migration and invasion in the late stage of tumor progression are the main unresolved issues in the study of tumor pathogenesis,and AKT/mTOR has been found to participate in the migration and invasion of cancer cells,which means that the study of this pathway may contribute to a solution for the problem.Because of its extensive and complex functions in the organism,this pathway can be regulated by a variety of different signals in the body,and then realize its function through different downstream signal molecules.This article reviews the proteins that can indirectly affect this pathway by regulating the common upstream signaling molecules of this pathway,and the proteins that can directly affect the level of phosphorylation of AKT/mTOR in cancer cells.We also review the proteins that can co-regulate this pathway and its downstream pathways.Through this study,we hope to gain a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanism of the AKT/mTOR pathway in cancer cells,in hopes of finding effective and harmless cancer treatment targets in the future.
基金This research was supported in part by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and the State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement(ZW201813).
文摘Necrotrophic pathogens replicate massively upon colonizing plants,causing large-scale wilting and death of plant tissues.Under-standing both mechanisms of pathogen invasion and host response processes prior to symptom appearance and their key regulatory networks is therefore important for defense against pathogen attack.Here,we investigated the mechanisms of interaction between woodland strawberry(Fragaria vesca)leaves and gray mold pathogen(Botrytis cinerea)at 14 infection time points during the first 12 hours of the infection period using a dense,high-resolution time series dual transcriptomic analysis,characterizing the arms race between strawberry F.vesca and B.cinerea before the appearance of localized lesions.Strawberry leaves rapidly initiated strong systemic defenses at the first sign of external stimulation and showed lower levels of transcriptomic change later in the infection process.Unlike the host plants,B.cinerea showed larger-scale transcriptomic changes that persisted throughout the infection process.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified highly correlated genes in 32 gene expression modules between B.cinerea and strawberry.Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays revealed that the disease response protein FvRLP2 from woodland strawberry interacted with the cell death inducing proteins BcXYG1 and BcPG3 from B.cinerea.Overexpression of FvRLP2 in both strawberry and Arabidopsis inhibited B.cinerea infection,confirming these genes’respective functions.These findings shed light on the arms race process by which B.cinerea invades host plants and strawberry to defend against pathogen infection.
基金Supported by Guizhou Science and Technology Plan Project,No.ZK2022-General-443Science and Technology Fund of Guizhou Provincial Health and Health Commission,No.gzwkj2023-135。
文摘BACKGROUND A rectal neuroendocrine tumor(rNET)is a malignant tumor originating from neuroendocrine cells.Currently,tumor size is the primary basis for assessing tumor risk.CASE SUMMARY This article reports the case of a 46-year-old male patient who underwent a colonoscopy that found a 3 mm rectal polypoid bulge.The pathological examination of a sample collected with biopsy forceps revealed a neuroendocrine tumor.Further endoscopic submucosal dissection rescue therapy was used.The presence of lymphatic vessels indicated that the tumor had infiltrated the negative resection margin.The lesion was located in the distal rectum near the anal canal.Therefore,to ensure the patient’s quality of life,follow-up observation was conducted after full communication with the patient.No tumor recurrence or distant metastasis has been found during the 13-mo follow-up after surgery.CONCLUSION Despite the presence of lymphatic invasion and extremely small diameter rNETs in our case,this phenomenon may not imply a higher risk of distant lymph node and organ metastasis.
基金supported by Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding,Northeast Forestry University,China (Project No.:K2020205)Special Research Project of School of Emergency Management,Jiangsu University (Grant No.: KY-C-01)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China of China (Project No.:32071521)Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality Technology Innovation Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No.: BK20220030)Student Scientific Research Project,Jiangsu University (Grant No.:20A052,Y21A027,21A105)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment (no project number)
文摘Invasive plants affect the composition of native habitats,often triggering the loss of biodiversity(Kuebbing et al.,2014,2016;Wang et al.,2021a,2021b).Hence,understanding the mechanisms that underlie successful biological invasion has become a major issue in invasion ecology.The invasion of one habitat by two or more invasive plants is referred to as co-invasion(Sheppard,2019;Wang et al.,2020,2022;Wei et al.,2020a).The invasional meltdown hypothesis posits that the successful colonization of one invasive plant can create a favorable environment for the successful colonization of a second invasive plant(Simberloff,2006;Green et al.,2011;Kuebbing et al.,2016;Braga et al.,2017).
文摘BACKGROUND Chicken skin mucosa(CSM)surrounding colon polyps is a common endoscopic finding with pale yellow-speckled mucosa during a colonoscopy screening.Although reports about CSM surrounding small colorectal cancer are scarce,and its clinical significance in intramucosal and submucosal cancers is unclear,previous studies have suggested it could be an endoscopic predictive marker for colonic neoplastic and advanced polyps.Currently,because of the inaccurate preoperative evaluation by endoscopists,many small colorectal cancers,particularly lesions with a diameter<2 cm,are improperly treated.Therefore,more effective methods are required to better assess the depth of the lesion before treatment.AIM To explore potential markers of small colorectal cancer early invasion under white light endoscopy,providing patients with better treatment alternatives.METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional study included 198 consecutive patients[233 early colorectal cancers(ECCs)]who underwent endoscopy or surgical procedures at the Digestive Endoscopy Center of Chengdu Second People’s Hospital between January 2021 and August 2022.The participants had pathologically confirmed colorectal cancer with a lesion diameter<2 cm and received endoscopic or surgical treatment,including endoscopic mucosal resection and submucosal dissection.Clinical pathology and endoscopy parameters,including tumor size,invasion depth,anatomical position,and morphology,were reviewed.Fisher’s exact test,theχ2 test,and Student’s t-test were used to analyze the patient’s basic characteristics.Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between morphological characteristics,size,CSM prevalence,and ECC invasion depth under white light endoscopy.Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.RESULTS The submucosal carcinoma(SM stage)was larger than the mucosal carcinoma(M stage)with a significant difference(17.2±4.1 vs 13.4±4.6 mm,P<0.01).M-and SM-stage cancers were common in the left colon;however,no significant differences were found between them(151/196,77%and 32/37,86.5%,respectively,P=0.199).The endoscopic features of colorectal cancer revealed that CSM,depressed areas with clear boundaries,and erosion or ulcer bleeding were more common in the SM-stage cancer group than in the M-stage cancer group(59.5%vs 26.2%,46%vs 8.7%,and 27.3%vs 4.1%,respectively,P<0.05).CSM prevalence in this study was 31.3%(73/233).The positive rates of CSM in flat,protruded,and sessile lesions were 18%(11/61),30.6%(30/98),and 43.2%(32/74),respectively,with significant differences(P=0.007).CONCLUSION CSM-related small colorectal cancer was primarily located in the left colon and could be a predictive marker of submucosal invasion in the left colon.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81070378 and 81270561Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province,China,No.2022NSFSC0050 and 2023NSFSC1896.
文摘BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)with differential expression characteristics have been found to be closely related to the tumorigenesis and development of gastric cancer(GC),but their specific mechanisms and roles still need to be further elucidated.AIM To investigate the expression of LINC01268 in GC and its mechanism of affecting GC progression.METHODS Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of LINC01268 in GC tissues,cell lines and plasma.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate the value of LINC01268 in the prognostication of GC patients.An receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to evaluate the value of LINC01268 in the diagnosis of GC.Transwell migration and invasion assays and wound healing assays were used to confirm the effect of LINC01268 on the invasion and migration of GC cells.The regulatory relationship between LINC01268 and myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate(MARCKS),the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)process in GC was demonstrated by western blot analysis.RESULTS The expression of LINC01268 was increased in GC tissues and cell lines.The expression level of LINC01268 was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis,TNM stage,and tumor differentiation in patients with GC.Over-expression of LINC01268 indicated a poor prognosis for patients with GC,and it had a certain auxiliary diagnostic value for GC.In vitro functional experiments proved that the abnormal expression of LINC01268 further activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and promoted EMT by targeting and regulating MARCKS and ultimately promoted the invasion and metastasis of GC.CONCLUSION This study elucidates that LINC01268 in GC may be an oncogene that further activates the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and EMT by targeting and regulating MARCKS,and ultimately promotes the invasion and metastasis of GC.LINC01268 may be a potential effective target for the treatment of GC.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81402514)Support Program for Excellent Young Talents in Universities of Anhui Province(No.gxyq2022042)"512 Talent Cultivation Plan" of Bengbu Medical College(No.by51202208)。
文摘Objective: To explore the effect of connexin 32 (Cx32) on the cell proliferation, migration, invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line Huh7 and its mechanism. Methods: Firstly, bioinformatics techniques were used to analyze the difference in expression of Cx32 between HCC tissues and normal liver tissues, and the relationship between Cx32 expression and important clinicopathological features of HCC was also explored. Subsequently, Cx32 expression in HCC cell lines and normal hepatic epithelial cell line was detected in vitro. Huh7 cell line with stable over⁃expression of Cx32 was further established, and the change in cell proliferation ability was measured by MTT assay, changes in migration and invasion capacities were detected by wound⁃healing assay and transwell assay, on this cell line. Finally, western blot and immunofluorescence (IF) were used to investigate the alterations of expression of epithelial⁃mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. Results: Bioinformatics analyses showed that Cx32 mRNA and protein expression levels in HCC tissues were lower than those in normal liver tissues, and the mRNA expression level of Cx32 was negatively correlated with T stage, histological grade and clinical stage of HCC patients (all P<0.05). Results of in vitro experiments revealed Cx32 protein expression in different HCC cell lines was down⁃regulated compared to that in normal hepatic epithelial cell line LO2. Cx32 stably over⁃expressed (Cx32 OE) Huh7 cell line was successfully constructed by lentivirus infection and showed high expression of Cx32 protein in the cell line. Compared to the control group and (or) the negative control (NC) group, the Cx32 OE group exhibited decreased OD490 value, wound healing rate and invasive cell number (all P<0.05). Furthermore, an increase in the expression of epithelial marker E⁃cadherin, and a decrease in the expression of mesenchymal markers Snail and Vimentin, were observed in Cx32⁃OE Huh7 cell line. Conclusion: Cx32 is low expressed in HCC tissues and cells, while the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of Huh7 cells can be inhibited by over⁃expression of Cx32, of which the underlying mechanism may be related to the inhibition of EMT process.
基金Program of Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(No.2019GXNSDA 245003)The second batch of"Qihuang Project"high-level talent team cultivation project of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.2021001)+1 种基金Doctoral Research Initiation Fund of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2020BS027)2021 Guangxi Postgraduate Innovation Project(No.YCXJ2021007)。
文摘Objective:To study the effect of plumbagin(PL)on the migration and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cells and its possible mechanism.Methods:The cell counting kit(CCK-8)was used to detect the effects of different concentrations of plumbagin on the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma Huh-7 and LM3 cells.The effect of plumbagin on the migration ability of Huh-7 and LM3 cells was detected by scratch test and Transwell migration test,and the effect of on the invasion ability of Huh-7 and LM3 cells was detected by Transwell invasion test.Western Blot was used to detect the expression of E-cadherin,N-cadherin,matrix metalloproteinase-2 and related proteins in JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in Huh-7 and LM3 cells.Results:Plumbagin could inhibit the proliferation of Huh-7 and LM3 cells in a time-and concentration-dependent manner.Plumbagin inhibited the migration and invasion of Huh-7 and LM3 cells in a concentration dependent manner,and it can down-regulate the expression of N-cadherin and MMP-2 protein,up-regulate the expression of E-cadherin protein,and inhibit the activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.Conclusion:Plumbagin can inhibit the migration and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma Huh-7 and LM3 cells,and the molecular mechanism of this process may be related to the inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway activation.
基金Supported by General Project of Hebei Provincial Department of Education Project (QN2019079)。
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effect of interferon regulatory factor on the invasion and migration of tongue squamous carcinoma cells. [Methods]The expression level of IRF1 in tongue squamous carcinoma tissues was detected by real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. Plasmids for overexpression and knockdown of IRF1 were constructed. The effects of overexpression and knockdown of IRF1 on the proliferation, invasion and migration of Tca8113 cells were examined in Tca8113 cells. [Results] IRF1 expression was abnormally reduced in tongue squamous carcinoma tissues, and both real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry showed significantly lower expression than that of paraneoplastic controls. The overexpression and knockdown plasmids of IRF1 were successfully constructed. Growth curve assays showed that overexpression of IRF1 inhibited the proliferation of Tca8113 cells, while knockdown of IRF1 promoted the proliferation of Tca8113 cells. Scratch assay showed that overexpression of IRF1 inhibited the migration of Tca8113 cells, while knockdown of IRF1 promoted the migration of Tca8113 cells. Transwell assay showed that overexpression of IRF1 inhibited the invasion of Tca8113 cells, while knockdown of IRF1 promoted the invasion of Tca8113 cells. [Conclusions] In the development of tongue squamous carcinoma, IRF1 functions as an anti-oncogene, and the expression level of IRF1 was reduced in tongue squamous carcinoma tissues.
