Corneal cross-linking(CXL) is a noninvasive therapeutic procedure for keratoconus that is aimed at improving corneal biomechanical properties by induction of covalent cross-links between stromal proteins. It is accomp...Corneal cross-linking(CXL) is a noninvasive therapeutic procedure for keratoconus that is aimed at improving corneal biomechanical properties by induction of covalent cross-links between stromal proteins. It is accomplished by ultraviolet A(UVA) radiation of the cornea, which is first saturated with photosensitizing riboflavin. It has been shown that standard epithelium-off CXL(S-CXL) is efficacious, and it has been recommended as the standard of care procedure for keratoconus. However, epithelial removal leads to pain, transient vision loss, and a higher risk of corneal infection. To avoid these disadvantages, transepithelial CXL was developed. Recently, iontophoresis has been adopted to increase riboflavin penetration through the epithelium. Several clinical observations have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of iontophoresisassisted epithelium-on CXL(I-CXL) for keratoconus. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive summary of the published studies regarding I-CXL and a comparison between I-CXL and S-CXL. All articles used in this review were mainly retrieved from the Pub Med database. Original articles and reviews were selected if they were related to the I-CXL technique or related to the comparison between I-CXL and S-CXL.展开更多
AIM:To report the clinical results of iontophoresis-assisted epithelium-on corneal crosslinking(I-CXL) using 0.1% riboflavin in distilled water for progressive keratoconus. METHODS:In this prospective clinical study, ...AIM:To report the clinical results of iontophoresis-assisted epithelium-on corneal crosslinking(I-CXL) using 0.1% riboflavin in distilled water for progressive keratoconus. METHODS:In this prospective clinical study, we examined 94 eyes of 75 patients with progressive keratoconus who were treated with I-CXL using 0.1% riboflavin in distilled water. Best correct visual acuity(BCVA), Scheimpflug tomography, corneal topography, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, intraocular pressure, and endothelial cell density were evaluated at baseline and 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 mo after I-CXL.RESULTS:After 24 mo I-CXL, compared to the level at baseline, BCVA significantly improved 0.14±0.07(P=0.010); mean keratometry signifi cantly decreased 0.72±1.97(P=0.021); maximum keratometry significantly reduced 2.30±5.01(P=0.014); central keratoconus index significantly reduced 0.04±0.08(P=0.007). The demarcation line was visible in 83.1% of eyes at 1mo after treatment, with a depth of 298.95±51.97 μm, and gradually indistinguishable. One eye had repeat treatment. Intraocular pressure and endothelial cell density did not change significantly.CONCLUSION:I-CXL using 0.1% riboflavin halts keratoconus progression within 24 mo, resulting in a significant improvement in visual and topographic parameters. Moreover, the depth of the demarcation line is similar to that previously reported in standard epithelium-off CXL procedures.展开更多
AIM: To compare the clinical and microstructural changes induced by different transepithelial iontophoresis-assisted corneal cross-linking(I-CXL) methods for keratoconus. METHODS: A total of 42 eyes of 42 patients wit...AIM: To compare the clinical and microstructural changes induced by different transepithelial iontophoresis-assisted corneal cross-linking(I-CXL) methods for keratoconus. METHODS: A total of 42 eyes of 42 patients with progressive keratoconus were divided into two groups. Group A received I-CXL for 5min, while group B received I-CXL for 10 min. Visual acuity, optical coherence tomography(OCT), specular microscopy and confocal microscopy were evaluated preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 mo postoperatively. RESULTS: Twelve months after the operation, uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA) and corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA) were improved in both groups, with a better outcome in the I-CXL 10 min group(P=0.025, 0.021, respectively). Kmax values decreased by 0.94±3.00 D in the I-CXL 10 min group(P=0.033) but increased by 1.87±3.29 D in the I-CXL 5min group(P=0.012). OCT scans showed that the demarcation line was most visible and substantially deeper in the I-CXL 10 min group. Confocal microscopy showed greater anterior stromal keratocyte decreases in the I-CXL 10 min group than in the I-CXL 5min group at 3 and 6mo postoperatively(P<0.001); however, anterior stromal keratocytes and subbasal nerve density were not significantly different between the two groups at 12 mo postoperatively.展开更多
BACKGROUND: In order to study the pathogenesis of iron-induced posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE), foreign scholars have established several kinds of PTE animal models, among which, the iron- induced PTE animal models propo...BACKGROUND: In order to study the pathogenesis of iron-induced posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE), foreign scholars have established several kinds of PTE animal models, among which, the iron- induced PTE animal models proposed by Willmore is the most famous. The iron-induced PTE animal models can be established by two methods: one is cortical ferric chloride injection (CFCI) and the other one is pial iontophoresis of ferric chloride (PIFC). Because Willmore did not give out the elaboration of the behaviors and electroencephalograms (EEGs) of the iron induced PTE animal models established by these two methods, so we have known little about these animal models. OBJECTIVE: To observe the behaviors and EEGs of the iron-induced PTE animal models established by PIFC and CFCI, in order to compare the differences and the study value of these two methods.DESIGN: Qualitative controlled observation trial.SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery, Urumqi General Hospital, Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: Forty healthy adult male SD rats, weighing 200 to 250 g, were involved in this experiment. Reagents and instruments: Ferric chloride (FeCl3·6H2O, Sigma USA), rat stereotaxic apparatus (ASI company, USA), the wireless blue tooth electroencephlograms recording system (Nuocheng electric Co.Ltd, Shanghai), a set of air turbine dental drill unit, dental base acrylic resin powder, microinjector (50 μL), amperemeter (1 mA), a pair of batteries, electric resistance (200 kΩ) , variable resistance (100 kΩ), tubule with endo-meridians of 2 mm (used as import tube), several silver wire segments and several acupuncture needles were employed in this study.METHODS: This study was carried out in the Experimental Animal Center of the Urumqi General Hospital, Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA between November 2004 and April 2005. Establishing the PET animal models by CFCI method: Twenty SD rats were taken, intraperitoneally anesthetized with 50 mg/kg barbanylum and fixed on stereotaxic apparatus. A cranial burr hole with the diameter of 2 mm was drilled 3 mm behind the coronal suture and 2 mm lateral to the sagittal line on the left cranium. Another 5 cranial burr holes with diameter of 2 mm were drilled to place electrodes. The positions of holes were set that taking bregma as original point, sagittal line as Y-axis, the line through the original point and vertical to the Y-axis as X-axis. The unit of the coordinate axis was mm. The coordinate value of the electrodes were (4, 0), (4, -6), (-4, 0), (-4, -6), at last, a hole with the diameter of 2 mm was drilled on the center of the coronale. 5 μL ferric chloride solution (FeCl3, 100 mmol/L, pH 1.5) was injected into the sensorimotor cortex of rats using microinjector within 5 minutes. The needling depth was 3 mm. The needle was retained for 5 minutes so as to prevent the outflow of liquid. Establishing the PTE animal models by PIFC method: Twenty SD rats were chosen and weighed, and the procedures after weighing were as above.A cranial burr hole with the diameter of 4 mm was drilled in the position where needle inserted in animal models established by CFCI method. Cerebral dura mater was cut. Another 5 holes were drilled to place electrodes in the same position as above. The tip of tubule cotton stuffed inside (to prevent the rapid flow of FeCl3 solution, 100 mmol/L, pH 1.5) was gently connected to cerebral pia mater. The positive and negative electrodes of the amperemeter whose output current was 100 μA were connected to acupuncture needles. The acupuncture needle, which was connected to positive electrode, was inserted into ferric chloride solution, and that which was connected to negative electrode was inserted into the right forelimb of rats subcutaneously. The rats were galvanized for 10 minutes. Record of EEG: The silver wire with blunt anterior extremity was placed on the cerebral dura mater. Then, silver wire and cranial bones were firmly fixed with dental base acrylic resin power. The other side was connected to the wireless blue tooth electroencephlograms recording system to monitor EEG changes. Assessment criteria of seizure degree: Grade Ⅰ: "wet dog-like" shudder, facial muscle convulsion and chewing;Grade Ⅱ: rhythmical nodding;Grade Ⅲ: forelimb clonus;Grade Ⅳ: forelimb clonus while standing: Grade Ⅴ: lost the balance, vert, limb’s convulsion and the whole body’s tic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Behaviors and EEGs changes of iron-induced PTE animal models established by PTFC and CFCI. RESULTS: All the 40 rats were involved in the result analysis. ① The changes of the behaviors: The two animal models both had the epileptic seizures. The epileptic seizure of the animal model established by PIFC mainly presented automatic behavior of chewing, and facial muscle convulsion accompanied with chewing. Epileptic seizure reached the peak within 2.5 to 7 hours after model establishing.It was gradually decreased within 24 hours and hardly seen 1 day after model establishing. The epileptic seizure of the rat model established by CFCI mainly presented turnover upspring and limbs’ convulsion and urinary incontinence accompanied. The epileptic seizure reached the peak within 3 to 8 hours.It was relatively frequent within 1 week and gradually decreased within 2 weeks after model establishing. The PTE animal models established by CFCI were more closed to clinical PTE process. ② The form of seizures: The epileptic seizures of the rat model established by PIFC mainly presented grade Ⅰ, seldom presented grades Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ; The epileptic seizures of rat model established by CFCI mainly presented the head turning to the right, body’s rotation, then appeared as grades Ⅳ andⅤ, and the whole procedure lasted 1 minute. At the interval of big seizures, gradeⅠwas observed. From the respect of seizure manifestation, the PTE models established by CFCI were more similar to human PTE. ③ EEGs changes: The sharp waves with average frequency of 9.66 Hz and average amplitude of 183.90 μV were observed on the EEGs of the model established by PIFC when the rats were suffering seizures. The spike waves with average frequency of 16.01 Hz and average amplitude of 143.60 μV were observed on the EEGs of the model established by CFCI when the rats were suffering seizures.CONCLUSION: ①Iron-induced PTE rat model is stable and credible. ②Compared with PTE animal model established by PIFC, PTE animal model established by CFCI is a chronic animal model, and its seizure manifestation is more similar to human PTE, so it is worth further studies.展开更多
Objective:To observe the effects of Ginger moxibustion combined with iontophoresis with traditional Chinese medicine on the improvement of symptoms, serum platelet activating factor (PAF) level and uterine artery puls...Objective:To observe the effects of Ginger moxibustion combined with iontophoresis with traditional Chinese medicine on the improvement of symptoms, serum platelet activating factor (PAF) level and uterine artery pulsation index in patients with primary dysmenorrhea.Methods 114 patients with primary dysmenorrhea who were treated in our hospital from August 2017 to February 2019 were divided into two groups according to the different treatment schemes. 57 patients in the control group were treated with ibuprofen capsules, and 57 patients in the study group were treated with Ginger moxibustion combined with iontophoresis with traditional Chinese medicine. After three menstrual cycles of treatment, the curative effect was evaluated and the improvement of symptoms was counted. PAF, PAF-AH and platelet adhesion rate were compared, uterine artery hemodynamics was measured, and levels of serum hs-CRP and IL-6 were measured.Results The overall response rate of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the scores of different symptoms in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05), and the scores of different symptoms in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, PAF and platelet adhesion rate in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05), PAF-AH was significantly higher than that before treatment (P < 0.05), and PAF and platelet adhesion rate in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05), PAF-AH was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the pulsation index, resistance index and peak systolic-diastolic ratio in the study group were significantly lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05), and the pulsation index, resistance index and peak systolic-diastolic ratio in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of serum hs-CRP and IL-6 in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05), and the levels of serum hs-CRP and IL-6 in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05).Conclusions Ginger moxibustion combined with iontophoresis with traditional Chinese medicine is helpful to improve the overall response rate of primary dysmenorrhea treatment, reduce the score levels of different symptoms, rationally improve PAF, PAF-AH, platelet adhesion rate, and the pulse index, resistance index, peak systolic-diastolic ratio are decreased significantly, and serum hs-CRP and IL-6 levels tend to be normal.展开更多
Objective: The study compared the inclusions of 5% ibuprofen iontophoresis and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve stimulation (TENS) in the management of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint. Subjects and Methods: Patie...Objective: The study compared the inclusions of 5% ibuprofen iontophoresis and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve stimulation (TENS) in the management of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint. Subjects and Methods: Patients diagnosed with knee OA and referred for physiotherapy at a tertiary health facility in Accra, Ghana participated in the study. They were alternately assigned into either TENS or iontophoresis groups. Patients in TENS Group received conventional TENS mode while those in iontophoresis group were treated with 5% ibuprofen iontophoresis using galvanic electrical current. Both protocols were performed twice weekly for six weeks in addition to their prescribed therapeutic exercises. 15-minute walking time, Numerical Rating Scale and Goniometer were used as the main outcome measures to determine subjects’ walking speed, pain and active range of motion (AROM) respectively. Treatment evaluation was performed at baseline, week 3 and week 6 by an independent assessor. Comparisons of variables within and between groups were tested using Friedman’s mean rank and Mann-Whitney U tests respectively at p 0.05) for all the outcome measures. Conclusion: 5% ibuprofen iontophoresis and TENS add equal therapeutic value in the management of knee OA. Consideration of both modalities as adjuncts to therapeutic exercises is therefore worthwhile for managing the condition.展开更多
Background:To compare the safety and efficacy of iontophoresis-assisted epithelial-on corneal crosslinking(I-CXL)using 0.1%riboflavin-distilled water solution with standard epithelium-off corneal crosslinking(S-CXL)fo...Background:To compare the safety and efficacy of iontophoresis-assisted epithelial-on corneal crosslinking(I-CXL)using 0.1%riboflavin-distilled water solution with standard epithelium-off corneal crosslinking(S-CXL)for progressive keratoconus.Methods:In a retrospective analysis,progressive keratoconus patients treated with I-CXL(17 eyes of 17 patients)or S-CXL(13 eyes of 13 patients)were included.All patients were followed up at least 12 months.All patients underwent detailed ophthalmologic examinations involving pre-and postoperative visual acuity,topographic parameters and pachymetry.Intra-and postoperative complications were recorded.Results:No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups at baseline with respect to visual acuity,age and thinnest corneal thickness(TCT).The postoperative decreases of K1 and Kmean in the S-CXL group represented statistically significantly better results than in the I-CXL group(t=2.093 and 2.123,P=0.046 and 0.043,respectively).Alterations of other parameters showed no significant differences between the two groups.There were no failure cases in the two groups.Conclusions:I-CXL using 0.1%riboflavin-distilled water solution provided effective treatment for progressive keratoconus at 12-month follow-up.However,the decreases of K1 and Kmean caused by I-CXL were less than those by S-CXL.Although treatment time,postoperative patient pain and risk of infection in I-CXL are all less than those in S-CXL,I-CXL is unable to completely replace S-CXL for progressive keratoconus temporarily.展开更多
Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) using electroporation is an attractive novel method of facilitated transport of compounds across skin that a short electrical pulse is applied to the skin, forcing the creation of a rev...Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) using electroporation is an attractive novel method of facilitated transport of compounds across skin that a short electrical pulse is applied to the skin, forcing the creation of a reversible transient aqueous pore to enhance drugs transdermal permeability. Most of prior researches are difficult to put into the practical use, such as stimulation for user and designing electroporater apparatus for TDD, due to pulse with high intensive. In this paper, the effect of electroporative energy on the transdermal fluxes of Tetracaini Hydrochlordum (TH) and Naproxenum is studied to explore a way of electroporative technique with low voltage. We applied a 120 V and 4.2 J square pulse to SD male rats skin on abdomen, the transdermal flux of TH increased 5.1 times more than the passive transport. While a 400 V and 37.6 J exponential decaying pulse was employed to same skin, the transdermal flux of Naproxenum was 3.5 times than passive transport. The results show that: (1) drugs transdermal permeably flux will create a saturation as the electroporative energy raises to threshold; (2) the transdermal energy efficiency (F/E value) declines as time extends; and (3) the effect of electroporation is concerned with the transdermal energy and drugs characteristics, electroporation is more effective than iontophoresis for TH, but conversely for Naproxenum.展开更多
Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of point-toward-point acupuncture combined with herbs iontophoresis in treating knee osteoarthritis.Methods:A total of 100 patients were randomly divided into a treatment gro...Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of point-toward-point acupuncture combined with herbs iontophoresis in treating knee osteoarthritis.Methods:A total of 100 patients were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,50 cases in each.Patients in the treatment group received point-toward-point acupuncture with long needle combined with herbs iontophoresis treatment;while those in the control group were only treated by point-toward-point acupuncture with long needle.Clinical efficacies of the two groups were compared after treatment.Results:The total effective rate was 92.0%in the treatment group,versus 82.0%in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:The point-toward-point acupuncture with long needle combined with herbs iontophoresis treatment for knee osteoarthritis has a significant effect.展开更多
Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of warm needling combined with iontophoresis of Chinese medicine for temporomandibular joint disorder(TMD). Methods: A total of 100 TMD cases were randomly allocated into a ...Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of warm needling combined with iontophoresis of Chinese medicine for temporomandibular joint disorder(TMD). Methods: A total of 100 TMD cases were randomly allocated into a treatment group and a control group, 50 in each group. Cases in the treatment group were treated with warm needling combined with iontophoresis of Chinese medicine, whereas cases in the control group were treated with Western medication. The therapeutic efficacies in two groups were assessed after three courses of treatment. Results: The recovery rate and total effective rate were 54.0% and 98.0% respectively in the treatment group, versus 30.0% and 82.0% in the control group, showing significant differences(both P<0.05). The recovery rates in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group respectively after 1, 2 and 3 courses of treatment, indicating that warm needling combined iontophoresis of Chinese medicine could substantially shorten the course of treatment. Conclusion: Warm needling combined with iontophoresis of Chinese medicine is remarkably effective for TMD and deserves further clinical application.展开更多
基金Supported by Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.Z151100004015217)
文摘Corneal cross-linking(CXL) is a noninvasive therapeutic procedure for keratoconus that is aimed at improving corneal biomechanical properties by induction of covalent cross-links between stromal proteins. It is accomplished by ultraviolet A(UVA) radiation of the cornea, which is first saturated with photosensitizing riboflavin. It has been shown that standard epithelium-off CXL(S-CXL) is efficacious, and it has been recommended as the standard of care procedure for keratoconus. However, epithelial removal leads to pain, transient vision loss, and a higher risk of corneal infection. To avoid these disadvantages, transepithelial CXL was developed. Recently, iontophoresis has been adopted to increase riboflavin penetration through the epithelium. Several clinical observations have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of iontophoresisassisted epithelium-on CXL(I-CXL) for keratoconus. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive summary of the published studies regarding I-CXL and a comparison between I-CXL and S-CXL. All articles used in this review were mainly retrieved from the Pub Med database. Original articles and reviews were selected if they were related to the I-CXL technique or related to the comparison between I-CXL and S-CXL.
基金Supported by Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.Z151100004015217)
文摘AIM:To report the clinical results of iontophoresis-assisted epithelium-on corneal crosslinking(I-CXL) using 0.1% riboflavin in distilled water for progressive keratoconus. METHODS:In this prospective clinical study, we examined 94 eyes of 75 patients with progressive keratoconus who were treated with I-CXL using 0.1% riboflavin in distilled water. Best correct visual acuity(BCVA), Scheimpflug tomography, corneal topography, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, intraocular pressure, and endothelial cell density were evaluated at baseline and 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 mo after I-CXL.RESULTS:After 24 mo I-CXL, compared to the level at baseline, BCVA significantly improved 0.14±0.07(P=0.010); mean keratometry signifi cantly decreased 0.72±1.97(P=0.021); maximum keratometry significantly reduced 2.30±5.01(P=0.014); central keratoconus index significantly reduced 0.04±0.08(P=0.007). The demarcation line was visible in 83.1% of eyes at 1mo after treatment, with a depth of 298.95±51.97 μm, and gradually indistinguishable. One eye had repeat treatment. Intraocular pressure and endothelial cell density did not change significantly.CONCLUSION:I-CXL using 0.1% riboflavin halts keratoconus progression within 24 mo, resulting in a significant improvement in visual and topographic parameters. Moreover, the depth of the demarcation line is similar to that previously reported in standard epithelium-off CXL procedures.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2016JJ2163)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2015CFC837)+1 种基金Health and Family Planning Committee Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.WJ2015MB259)Health and Family Planning Committee Science Foundation of Wuhan Municipality(No.WX17A13)
文摘AIM: To compare the clinical and microstructural changes induced by different transepithelial iontophoresis-assisted corneal cross-linking(I-CXL) methods for keratoconus. METHODS: A total of 42 eyes of 42 patients with progressive keratoconus were divided into two groups. Group A received I-CXL for 5min, while group B received I-CXL for 10 min. Visual acuity, optical coherence tomography(OCT), specular microscopy and confocal microscopy were evaluated preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 mo postoperatively. RESULTS: Twelve months after the operation, uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA) and corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA) were improved in both groups, with a better outcome in the I-CXL 10 min group(P=0.025, 0.021, respectively). Kmax values decreased by 0.94±3.00 D in the I-CXL 10 min group(P=0.033) but increased by 1.87±3.29 D in the I-CXL 5min group(P=0.012). OCT scans showed that the demarcation line was most visible and substantially deeper in the I-CXL 10 min group. Confocal microscopy showed greater anterior stromal keratocyte decreases in the I-CXL 10 min group than in the I-CXL 5min group at 3 and 6mo postoperatively(P<0.001); however, anterior stromal keratocytes and subbasal nerve density were not significantly different between the two groups at 12 mo postoperatively.
文摘BACKGROUND: In order to study the pathogenesis of iron-induced posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE), foreign scholars have established several kinds of PTE animal models, among which, the iron- induced PTE animal models proposed by Willmore is the most famous. The iron-induced PTE animal models can be established by two methods: one is cortical ferric chloride injection (CFCI) and the other one is pial iontophoresis of ferric chloride (PIFC). Because Willmore did not give out the elaboration of the behaviors and electroencephalograms (EEGs) of the iron induced PTE animal models established by these two methods, so we have known little about these animal models. OBJECTIVE: To observe the behaviors and EEGs of the iron-induced PTE animal models established by PIFC and CFCI, in order to compare the differences and the study value of these two methods.DESIGN: Qualitative controlled observation trial.SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery, Urumqi General Hospital, Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: Forty healthy adult male SD rats, weighing 200 to 250 g, were involved in this experiment. Reagents and instruments: Ferric chloride (FeCl3·6H2O, Sigma USA), rat stereotaxic apparatus (ASI company, USA), the wireless blue tooth electroencephlograms recording system (Nuocheng electric Co.Ltd, Shanghai), a set of air turbine dental drill unit, dental base acrylic resin powder, microinjector (50 μL), amperemeter (1 mA), a pair of batteries, electric resistance (200 kΩ) , variable resistance (100 kΩ), tubule with endo-meridians of 2 mm (used as import tube), several silver wire segments and several acupuncture needles were employed in this study.METHODS: This study was carried out in the Experimental Animal Center of the Urumqi General Hospital, Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA between November 2004 and April 2005. Establishing the PET animal models by CFCI method: Twenty SD rats were taken, intraperitoneally anesthetized with 50 mg/kg barbanylum and fixed on stereotaxic apparatus. A cranial burr hole with the diameter of 2 mm was drilled 3 mm behind the coronal suture and 2 mm lateral to the sagittal line on the left cranium. Another 5 cranial burr holes with diameter of 2 mm were drilled to place electrodes. The positions of holes were set that taking bregma as original point, sagittal line as Y-axis, the line through the original point and vertical to the Y-axis as X-axis. The unit of the coordinate axis was mm. The coordinate value of the electrodes were (4, 0), (4, -6), (-4, 0), (-4, -6), at last, a hole with the diameter of 2 mm was drilled on the center of the coronale. 5 μL ferric chloride solution (FeCl3, 100 mmol/L, pH 1.5) was injected into the sensorimotor cortex of rats using microinjector within 5 minutes. The needling depth was 3 mm. The needle was retained for 5 minutes so as to prevent the outflow of liquid. Establishing the PTE animal models by PIFC method: Twenty SD rats were chosen and weighed, and the procedures after weighing were as above.A cranial burr hole with the diameter of 4 mm was drilled in the position where needle inserted in animal models established by CFCI method. Cerebral dura mater was cut. Another 5 holes were drilled to place electrodes in the same position as above. The tip of tubule cotton stuffed inside (to prevent the rapid flow of FeCl3 solution, 100 mmol/L, pH 1.5) was gently connected to cerebral pia mater. The positive and negative electrodes of the amperemeter whose output current was 100 μA were connected to acupuncture needles. The acupuncture needle, which was connected to positive electrode, was inserted into ferric chloride solution, and that which was connected to negative electrode was inserted into the right forelimb of rats subcutaneously. The rats were galvanized for 10 minutes. Record of EEG: The silver wire with blunt anterior extremity was placed on the cerebral dura mater. Then, silver wire and cranial bones were firmly fixed with dental base acrylic resin power. The other side was connected to the wireless blue tooth electroencephlograms recording system to monitor EEG changes. Assessment criteria of seizure degree: Grade Ⅰ: "wet dog-like" shudder, facial muscle convulsion and chewing;Grade Ⅱ: rhythmical nodding;Grade Ⅲ: forelimb clonus;Grade Ⅳ: forelimb clonus while standing: Grade Ⅴ: lost the balance, vert, limb’s convulsion and the whole body’s tic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Behaviors and EEGs changes of iron-induced PTE animal models established by PTFC and CFCI. RESULTS: All the 40 rats were involved in the result analysis. ① The changes of the behaviors: The two animal models both had the epileptic seizures. The epileptic seizure of the animal model established by PIFC mainly presented automatic behavior of chewing, and facial muscle convulsion accompanied with chewing. Epileptic seizure reached the peak within 2.5 to 7 hours after model establishing.It was gradually decreased within 24 hours and hardly seen 1 day after model establishing. The epileptic seizure of the rat model established by CFCI mainly presented turnover upspring and limbs’ convulsion and urinary incontinence accompanied. The epileptic seizure reached the peak within 3 to 8 hours.It was relatively frequent within 1 week and gradually decreased within 2 weeks after model establishing. The PTE animal models established by CFCI were more closed to clinical PTE process. ② The form of seizures: The epileptic seizures of the rat model established by PIFC mainly presented grade Ⅰ, seldom presented grades Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ; The epileptic seizures of rat model established by CFCI mainly presented the head turning to the right, body’s rotation, then appeared as grades Ⅳ andⅤ, and the whole procedure lasted 1 minute. At the interval of big seizures, gradeⅠwas observed. From the respect of seizure manifestation, the PTE models established by CFCI were more similar to human PTE. ③ EEGs changes: The sharp waves with average frequency of 9.66 Hz and average amplitude of 183.90 μV were observed on the EEGs of the model established by PIFC when the rats were suffering seizures. The spike waves with average frequency of 16.01 Hz and average amplitude of 143.60 μV were observed on the EEGs of the model established by CFCI when the rats were suffering seizures.CONCLUSION: ①Iron-induced PTE rat model is stable and credible. ②Compared with PTE animal model established by PIFC, PTE animal model established by CFCI is a chronic animal model, and its seizure manifestation is more similar to human PTE, so it is worth further studies.
基金Scientific research project of Hebei administration of traditional Chinese medicine (2019238).
文摘Objective:To observe the effects of Ginger moxibustion combined with iontophoresis with traditional Chinese medicine on the improvement of symptoms, serum platelet activating factor (PAF) level and uterine artery pulsation index in patients with primary dysmenorrhea.Methods 114 patients with primary dysmenorrhea who were treated in our hospital from August 2017 to February 2019 were divided into two groups according to the different treatment schemes. 57 patients in the control group were treated with ibuprofen capsules, and 57 patients in the study group were treated with Ginger moxibustion combined with iontophoresis with traditional Chinese medicine. After three menstrual cycles of treatment, the curative effect was evaluated and the improvement of symptoms was counted. PAF, PAF-AH and platelet adhesion rate were compared, uterine artery hemodynamics was measured, and levels of serum hs-CRP and IL-6 were measured.Results The overall response rate of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the scores of different symptoms in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05), and the scores of different symptoms in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, PAF and platelet adhesion rate in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05), PAF-AH was significantly higher than that before treatment (P < 0.05), and PAF and platelet adhesion rate in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05), PAF-AH was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the pulsation index, resistance index and peak systolic-diastolic ratio in the study group were significantly lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05), and the pulsation index, resistance index and peak systolic-diastolic ratio in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of serum hs-CRP and IL-6 in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05), and the levels of serum hs-CRP and IL-6 in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05).Conclusions Ginger moxibustion combined with iontophoresis with traditional Chinese medicine is helpful to improve the overall response rate of primary dysmenorrhea treatment, reduce the score levels of different symptoms, rationally improve PAF, PAF-AH, platelet adhesion rate, and the pulse index, resistance index, peak systolic-diastolic ratio are decreased significantly, and serum hs-CRP and IL-6 levels tend to be normal.
文摘Objective: The study compared the inclusions of 5% ibuprofen iontophoresis and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve stimulation (TENS) in the management of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint. Subjects and Methods: Patients diagnosed with knee OA and referred for physiotherapy at a tertiary health facility in Accra, Ghana participated in the study. They were alternately assigned into either TENS or iontophoresis groups. Patients in TENS Group received conventional TENS mode while those in iontophoresis group were treated with 5% ibuprofen iontophoresis using galvanic electrical current. Both protocols were performed twice weekly for six weeks in addition to their prescribed therapeutic exercises. 15-minute walking time, Numerical Rating Scale and Goniometer were used as the main outcome measures to determine subjects’ walking speed, pain and active range of motion (AROM) respectively. Treatment evaluation was performed at baseline, week 3 and week 6 by an independent assessor. Comparisons of variables within and between groups were tested using Friedman’s mean rank and Mann-Whitney U tests respectively at p 0.05) for all the outcome measures. Conclusion: 5% ibuprofen iontophoresis and TENS add equal therapeutic value in the management of knee OA. Consideration of both modalities as adjuncts to therapeutic exercises is therefore worthwhile for managing the condition.
基金This work was suppor ted by Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.Z151100004015217).
文摘Background:To compare the safety and efficacy of iontophoresis-assisted epithelial-on corneal crosslinking(I-CXL)using 0.1%riboflavin-distilled water solution with standard epithelium-off corneal crosslinking(S-CXL)for progressive keratoconus.Methods:In a retrospective analysis,progressive keratoconus patients treated with I-CXL(17 eyes of 17 patients)or S-CXL(13 eyes of 13 patients)were included.All patients were followed up at least 12 months.All patients underwent detailed ophthalmologic examinations involving pre-and postoperative visual acuity,topographic parameters and pachymetry.Intra-and postoperative complications were recorded.Results:No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups at baseline with respect to visual acuity,age and thinnest corneal thickness(TCT).The postoperative decreases of K1 and Kmean in the S-CXL group represented statistically significantly better results than in the I-CXL group(t=2.093 and 2.123,P=0.046 and 0.043,respectively).Alterations of other parameters showed no significant differences between the two groups.There were no failure cases in the two groups.Conclusions:I-CXL using 0.1%riboflavin-distilled water solution provided effective treatment for progressive keratoconus at 12-month follow-up.However,the decreases of K1 and Kmean caused by I-CXL were less than those by S-CXL.Although treatment time,postoperative patient pain and risk of infection in I-CXL are all less than those in S-CXL,I-CXL is unable to completely replace S-CXL for progressive keratoconus temporarily.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 396 70 85 7
文摘Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) using electroporation is an attractive novel method of facilitated transport of compounds across skin that a short electrical pulse is applied to the skin, forcing the creation of a reversible transient aqueous pore to enhance drugs transdermal permeability. Most of prior researches are difficult to put into the practical use, such as stimulation for user and designing electroporater apparatus for TDD, due to pulse with high intensive. In this paper, the effect of electroporative energy on the transdermal fluxes of Tetracaini Hydrochlordum (TH) and Naproxenum is studied to explore a way of electroporative technique with low voltage. We applied a 120 V and 4.2 J square pulse to SD male rats skin on abdomen, the transdermal flux of TH increased 5.1 times more than the passive transport. While a 400 V and 37.6 J exponential decaying pulse was employed to same skin, the transdermal flux of Naproxenum was 3.5 times than passive transport. The results show that: (1) drugs transdermal permeably flux will create a saturation as the electroporative energy raises to threshold; (2) the transdermal energy efficiency (F/E value) declines as time extends; and (3) the effect of electroporation is concerned with the transdermal energy and drugs characteristics, electroporation is more effective than iontophoresis for TH, but conversely for Naproxenum.
基金supported by the Project of Shanghai 6th People’s Hospital(Inner-1528)
文摘Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of point-toward-point acupuncture combined with herbs iontophoresis in treating knee osteoarthritis.Methods:A total of 100 patients were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,50 cases in each.Patients in the treatment group received point-toward-point acupuncture with long needle combined with herbs iontophoresis treatment;while those in the control group were only treated by point-toward-point acupuncture with long needle.Clinical efficacies of the two groups were compared after treatment.Results:The total effective rate was 92.0%in the treatment group,versus 82.0%in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:The point-toward-point acupuncture with long needle combined with herbs iontophoresis treatment for knee osteoarthritis has a significant effect.
基金supported by Taihe Hospital,Hubei University of Medicine
文摘Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of warm needling combined with iontophoresis of Chinese medicine for temporomandibular joint disorder(TMD). Methods: A total of 100 TMD cases were randomly allocated into a treatment group and a control group, 50 in each group. Cases in the treatment group were treated with warm needling combined with iontophoresis of Chinese medicine, whereas cases in the control group were treated with Western medication. The therapeutic efficacies in two groups were assessed after three courses of treatment. Results: The recovery rate and total effective rate were 54.0% and 98.0% respectively in the treatment group, versus 30.0% and 82.0% in the control group, showing significant differences(both P<0.05). The recovery rates in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group respectively after 1, 2 and 3 courses of treatment, indicating that warm needling combined iontophoresis of Chinese medicine could substantially shorten the course of treatment. Conclusion: Warm needling combined with iontophoresis of Chinese medicine is remarkably effective for TMD and deserves further clinical application.
