Computational linguistics refers to an interdisciplinary field associated with the computational modelling of natural language and studying appropriate computational methods for linguistic questions.The number of soci...Computational linguistics refers to an interdisciplinary field associated with the computational modelling of natural language and studying appropriate computational methods for linguistic questions.The number of social media users has been increasing over the last few years,which have allured researchers’interest in scrutinizing the new kind of creative language utilized on the Internet to explore communication and human opinions in a betterway.Irony and sarcasm detection is a complex task inNatural Language Processing(NLP).Irony detection has inferences in advertising,sentiment analysis(SA),and opinion mining.For the last few years,irony-aware SA has gained significant computational treatment owing to the prevalence of irony in web content.Therefore,this study develops Computational Linguistics with Optimal Deep Belief Network based Irony Detection and Classification(CLODBN-IRC)model on social media.The presented CLODBN-IRC model mainly focuses on the identification and classification of irony that exists in social media.To attain this,the presented CLODBN-IRC model performs different stages of pre-processing and TF-IDF feature extraction.For irony detection and classification,the DBN model is exploited in this work.At last,the hyperparameters of the DBN model are optimally modified by improved artificial bee colony optimization(IABC)algorithm.The experimental validation of the presentedCLODBN-IRCmethod can be tested by making use of benchmark dataset.The simulation outcomes highlight the superior outcomes of the presented CLODBN-IRC model over other approaches.展开更多
Stephen Crane is a famous naturalist writer in the nineteenth Century.He creates a new method of literary writing in America.His famous novel The Red Badge of Courage is an episode of the American civil war.The novel...Stephen Crane is a famous naturalist writer in the nineteenth Century.He creates a new method of literary writing in America.His famous novel The Red Badge of Courage is an episode of the American civil war.The novel’s rhetoric device"irony"is worthy of contemporary scholars to carry out in-depth research.Crane adopts irony in his works to enhance the performance of language tension and the profound theme of the novel.The artistic features of irony appear in the novel frequently,such as verbal irony,scene irony and structural irony,which constructs the basic framework and structure of this novel and makes it more humorous,more ironic and more meaningful.展开更多
By the brief introduction of Kate Chopin and her achievement, this paper elaborates the awakening of consciousness of the feminism of the protagonist in Kate Chopin's The Story of an Hour. In the short story, the ...By the brief introduction of Kate Chopin and her achievement, this paper elaborates the awakening of consciousness of the feminism of the protagonist in Kate Chopin's The Story of an Hour. In the short story, the author uses many literary elements to describe the characters, especially the irony and imagery. This thesis uses those rhetorical devices to vividly describe the characters and to criticize the inequality between men and women in the late 19th century.[1]展开更多
Mark Twain is a realistic writer in America.His humor,irony and together with colloquial speech have been remembered by readers,for which he became one of America's most beloved humorists and storytellers.This pap...Mark Twain is a realistic writer in America.His humor,irony and together with colloquial speech have been remembered by readers,for which he became one of America's most beloved humorists and storytellers.This paper focuses on one of Twain's short stories The Stolen White Elephant.Through the analysis of Twain's humor and irony shown from the two main characters in this specific story,this paper is to show the social reality reflected in The Stolen White Elephant.展开更多
Pride and Prejudice shows Austin's literary skills at best.In it,Irony is typical and greatly enhances the artistic effects of the whole work.In this essay,the author analyzes how irony is used and discusses the a...Pride and Prejudice shows Austin's literary skills at best.In it,Irony is typical and greatly enhances the artistic effects of the whole work.In this essay,the author analyzes how irony is used and discusses the achievements and defects of irony.展开更多
Pride and prejudice continues to be popular today not only because of its memorable characters, but also because of the perfect use of rhetoric-irony. Irony plays the decisive role in characterization and plot develop...Pride and prejudice continues to be popular today not only because of its memorable characters, but also because of the perfect use of rhetoric-irony. Irony plays the decisive role in characterization and plot development. We should pay attention on the irony words in dialogue, scene irony and dramatic irony. Irony can be achieved joking, teasing and the effect of sarcasm, makes the work lively and humorous and full of artistic appeal. Irony in Pride and Prejudice shaped fresh characters. From the point of view of the plot development, the whole story seems to be made of many ironies which make the work so fun. Pride and Prejudice is a work worth reading a hundred times for readers.展开更多
As a writing technique, irony has exerted great influence upon literature. In this paper, the following issues will be discussed: the origin of the word " irony ", the differences between irony as a figure o...As a writing technique, irony has exerted great influence upon literature. In this paper, the following issues will be discussed: the origin of the word " irony ", the differences between irony as a figure of speech and irony as a technique of writing, the expressive function of irony, the types of irony.展开更多
Irony is a frequently occuring indirect act in daily interpersonal interaction.A number of novel ironic cases via deliberately flouting the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle are explained from the perspective o...Irony is a frequently occuring indirect act in daily interpersonal interaction.A number of novel ironic cases via deliberately flouting the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle are explained from the perspective of conversational implicature.This paper tend to explore the production of irony according to Grice’s Cooperative Principle and conversational implicature theory with some daily examples and the author hope that this paper is of certain help to further research concerning irony in the realm of pragmatics.展开更多
Irony is frequently used in our daily life.Traditionally,Irony is only considered as a figure of speech.Because of its importance and prevalence,irony has gotten a lot of attention over the last few years.In this pape...Irony is frequently used in our daily life.Traditionally,Irony is only considered as a figure of speech.Because of its importance and prevalence,irony has gotten a lot of attention over the last few years.In this paper,I concentrate on the pragmatic perspective of irony and try to find out the characteristics and functions of irony.In addition,the reasons of people choose to use irony in dairy life.At the beginning,I will introduce the basic definition and types of irony.Then I try to analyze the irony according to cooperative principles,politeness principle,irony principle,speech act theory of communication to explore the generation and comprehension of irony.Moreover,I illustrate the pragmatic functions of irony with appropriate examples.Finally,the paper emphasizes the importance of irony and predicts future development of irony.展开更多
This thesis carefully appreciated situational irony in some of Shakespeare's tragedies successively,and classified situational irony into four kinds:discrepancy between appearance and reality,expectation and fulfi...This thesis carefully appreciated situational irony in some of Shakespeare's tragedies successively,and classified situational irony into four kinds:discrepancy between appearance and reality,expectation and fulfilment,intention and outcome,the actual circumstances and appropriateness.In the analysis of the first kind of situational irony,especially,the thesis focused on Antony and Cleopatra,together with Julius Caesar,questioned the common idea,and stated that Antony's failure was not because of his passion towards Cleopatra.Cleopatra was only his screen to cheat the world,an excuse of his " face-saving failure".展开更多
The core function of anaphora is to serve as a substitute for a certain linguistic component in texts, but it actually has other missions such as creating the rhetorical effect--irony. However, anaphora alone cannot c...The core function of anaphora is to serve as a substitute for a certain linguistic component in texts, but it actually has other missions such as creating the rhetorical effect--irony. However, anaphora alone cannot contribute to ironic effect, and only by resorting to other resources like contextual information, can anaphora generate irony. Therefore, Yus＇ s classification of contextual sources is employed to analyze with examples how anaphora creates irony by the aid of context. Ultimately, the conclusion has been drawn that anaphora is able to produce irony with the help of six groups of contextual information classified by Yus except the category--speaker＇s nonverbal behavior and anapbora sometimes has to interact with several groups of contextual information in order to create irony.展开更多
Dunsinane is a postmodern rewrite adapted from William Shakespeare’s play Macbeth by David Greig.This article mainly deals with the problem that specifically,how Dunsinane is rewritten from Macbeth.The article firstl...Dunsinane is a postmodern rewrite adapted from William Shakespeare’s play Macbeth by David Greig.This article mainly deals with the problem that specifically,how Dunsinane is rewritten from Macbeth.The article firstly analyzes from rhetorical perspective that irony,the frequently-used literary device in Macbeth is also a prominent rhetorical strategy of rewriting in Dunsinane.The restructuring of the characters Macbeth,Malcolm and Siward from Scottish perspectives as well as the the restructured theme behind the rewrite are also introduced.展开更多
The Merchant of Venice is one of the four classic comedies of Shakespeare.In this work,the author skillfully depicts the characters in the novel with a sharp irony,making the drama plot interlocking.Based on the Austi...The Merchant of Venice is one of the four classic comedies of Shakespeare.In this work,the author skillfully depicts the characters in the novel with a sharp irony,making the drama plot interlocking.Based on the Austin-Searle’s Speech Act Theory,this paper makes a macro and micro analysis of the ironic speech act in Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice,mainly from the literal irony,situational irony,dramatic irony three aspects of the macro-analysis of speech acts as well as the elaboration,directive,commitment,expressive irony for the micro-analysis.展开更多
基金The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through Small Groups Project under Grant Number(120/43)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2022R281)+1 种基金Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi ArabiaThe authors would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research at Umm Al-Qura University for supporting this work by Grant Code:(22UQU4320484DSR33).
文摘Computational linguistics refers to an interdisciplinary field associated with the computational modelling of natural language and studying appropriate computational methods for linguistic questions.The number of social media users has been increasing over the last few years,which have allured researchers’interest in scrutinizing the new kind of creative language utilized on the Internet to explore communication and human opinions in a betterway.Irony and sarcasm detection is a complex task inNatural Language Processing(NLP).Irony detection has inferences in advertising,sentiment analysis(SA),and opinion mining.For the last few years,irony-aware SA has gained significant computational treatment owing to the prevalence of irony in web content.Therefore,this study develops Computational Linguistics with Optimal Deep Belief Network based Irony Detection and Classification(CLODBN-IRC)model on social media.The presented CLODBN-IRC model mainly focuses on the identification and classification of irony that exists in social media.To attain this,the presented CLODBN-IRC model performs different stages of pre-processing and TF-IDF feature extraction.For irony detection and classification,the DBN model is exploited in this work.At last,the hyperparameters of the DBN model are optimally modified by improved artificial bee colony optimization(IABC)algorithm.The experimental validation of the presentedCLODBN-IRCmethod can be tested by making use of benchmark dataset.The simulation outcomes highlight the superior outcomes of the presented CLODBN-IRC model over other approaches.
文摘Stephen Crane is a famous naturalist writer in the nineteenth Century.He creates a new method of literary writing in America.His famous novel The Red Badge of Courage is an episode of the American civil war.The novel’s rhetoric device"irony"is worthy of contemporary scholars to carry out in-depth research.Crane adopts irony in his works to enhance the performance of language tension and the profound theme of the novel.The artistic features of irony appear in the novel frequently,such as verbal irony,scene irony and structural irony,which constructs the basic framework and structure of this novel and makes it more humorous,more ironic and more meaningful.
文摘By the brief introduction of Kate Chopin and her achievement, this paper elaborates the awakening of consciousness of the feminism of the protagonist in Kate Chopin's The Story of an Hour. In the short story, the author uses many literary elements to describe the characters, especially the irony and imagery. This thesis uses those rhetorical devices to vividly describe the characters and to criticize the inequality between men and women in the late 19th century.[1]
文摘Mark Twain is a realistic writer in America.His humor,irony and together with colloquial speech have been remembered by readers,for which he became one of America's most beloved humorists and storytellers.This paper focuses on one of Twain's short stories The Stolen White Elephant.Through the analysis of Twain's humor and irony shown from the two main characters in this specific story,this paper is to show the social reality reflected in The Stolen White Elephant.
文摘Pride and Prejudice shows Austin's literary skills at best.In it,Irony is typical and greatly enhances the artistic effects of the whole work.In this essay,the author analyzes how irony is used and discusses the achievements and defects of irony.
文摘Pride and prejudice continues to be popular today not only because of its memorable characters, but also because of the perfect use of rhetoric-irony. Irony plays the decisive role in characterization and plot development. We should pay attention on the irony words in dialogue, scene irony and dramatic irony. Irony can be achieved joking, teasing and the effect of sarcasm, makes the work lively and humorous and full of artistic appeal. Irony in Pride and Prejudice shaped fresh characters. From the point of view of the plot development, the whole story seems to be made of many ironies which make the work so fun. Pride and Prejudice is a work worth reading a hundred times for readers.
文摘As a writing technique, irony has exerted great influence upon literature. In this paper, the following issues will be discussed: the origin of the word " irony ", the differences between irony as a figure of speech and irony as a technique of writing, the expressive function of irony, the types of irony.
文摘Irony is a frequently occuring indirect act in daily interpersonal interaction.A number of novel ironic cases via deliberately flouting the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle are explained from the perspective of conversational implicature.This paper tend to explore the production of irony according to Grice’s Cooperative Principle and conversational implicature theory with some daily examples and the author hope that this paper is of certain help to further research concerning irony in the realm of pragmatics.
文摘Irony is frequently used in our daily life.Traditionally,Irony is only considered as a figure of speech.Because of its importance and prevalence,irony has gotten a lot of attention over the last few years.In this paper,I concentrate on the pragmatic perspective of irony and try to find out the characteristics and functions of irony.In addition,the reasons of people choose to use irony in dairy life.At the beginning,I will introduce the basic definition and types of irony.Then I try to analyze the irony according to cooperative principles,politeness principle,irony principle,speech act theory of communication to explore the generation and comprehension of irony.Moreover,I illustrate the pragmatic functions of irony with appropriate examples.Finally,the paper emphasizes the importance of irony and predicts future development of irony.
文摘This thesis carefully appreciated situational irony in some of Shakespeare's tragedies successively,and classified situational irony into four kinds:discrepancy between appearance and reality,expectation and fulfilment,intention and outcome,the actual circumstances and appropriateness.In the analysis of the first kind of situational irony,especially,the thesis focused on Antony and Cleopatra,together with Julius Caesar,questioned the common idea,and stated that Antony's failure was not because of his passion towards Cleopatra.Cleopatra was only his screen to cheat the world,an excuse of his " face-saving failure".
文摘The core function of anaphora is to serve as a substitute for a certain linguistic component in texts, but it actually has other missions such as creating the rhetorical effect--irony. However, anaphora alone cannot contribute to ironic effect, and only by resorting to other resources like contextual information, can anaphora generate irony. Therefore, Yus＇ s classification of contextual sources is employed to analyze with examples how anaphora creates irony by the aid of context. Ultimately, the conclusion has been drawn that anaphora is able to produce irony with the help of six groups of contextual information classified by Yus except the category--speaker＇s nonverbal behavior and anapbora sometimes has to interact with several groups of contextual information in order to create irony.
文摘Dunsinane is a postmodern rewrite adapted from William Shakespeare’s play Macbeth by David Greig.This article mainly deals with the problem that specifically,how Dunsinane is rewritten from Macbeth.The article firstly analyzes from rhetorical perspective that irony,the frequently-used literary device in Macbeth is also a prominent rhetorical strategy of rewriting in Dunsinane.The restructuring of the characters Macbeth,Malcolm and Siward from Scottish perspectives as well as the the restructured theme behind the rewrite are also introduced.
文摘The Merchant of Venice is one of the four classic comedies of Shakespeare.In this work,the author skillfully depicts the characters in the novel with a sharp irony,making the drama plot interlocking.Based on the Austin-Searle’s Speech Act Theory,this paper makes a macro and micro analysis of the ironic speech act in Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice,mainly from the literal irony,situational irony,dramatic irony three aspects of the macro-analysis of speech acts as well as the elaboration,directive,commitment,expressive irony for the micro-analysis.
