BACKGROUND:The early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction(AMI)remains challenging,especially for institutions without the high-sensitive cardiac troponin(hs-c Tn)assay.Herein,we aim to assess the value of creatine...BACKGROUND:The early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction(AMI)remains challenging,especially for institutions without the high-sensitive cardiac troponin(hs-c Tn)assay.Herein,we aim to assess the value of creatine kinase-myocardial band isoenzyme(CK-MB)combined with different cardiac troponin(c Tn)assays in AMI diagnosis.METHODS:This multicenter,observational study included 3,706 patients with acute chest pain from September 1,2015,to September 30,2017.We classified the participants into three groups according to the c Tn assays:the point-of-care c Tn(POC-c Tn)group,the contemporary c Tn(c-c Tn)group,and hs-c Tn group.The diagnostic value was quantified using sensitivity and the area under the curve(AUC).RESULTS:Compared to the single POC-c Tn/c-c Tn assays,combining CK-MB and POC-c Tn/c-c Tn increased the diagnostic sensitivity of AMI(56.1%vs.63.9%,P<0.001;82.7%vs.84.3%,P=0.025).In contrast,combining CK-MB and hs-c Tn did not change the sensitivity compared with hs-c Tn alone(95.0%vs.95.0%,P>0.999).In the subgroup analysis,the sensitivity of combining CKMB and c-c Tn increased with time from symptom onset<6 h compared with c-c Tn alone(72.8%vs.75.0%,P=0.046),while the sensitivity did not increase with time from symptom onset>6 h(97.5%vs.98.3%,P=0.317).The AUC of the combination of CK-MB and POC-c Tn significantly increased compared to the single POC-c Tn assay(0.776 vs.0.750,P=0.002).The AUC of the combined CKMB and c-c Tn/hs-c Tn assays did not significantly decrease compared with that of the single c-c Tn/hs-c Tn assays within 6 h.CONCLUSIONS:The combination of CK-MB and POC-c Tn or c-c Tn may be valuable for the early diagnosis of AMI,especially when hs-c Tn is not available.展开更多
Objective:To assess the efficacy of ADA isoenzyme estimation over that of total ADA level in pleural fluid and serum as a more efficient diagnostic indicator in tuberculous pleural effusions in high prevalence country...Objective:To assess the efficacy of ADA isoenzyme estimation over that of total ADA level in pleural fluid and serum as a more efficient diagnostic indicator in tuberculous pleural effusions in high prevalence country like India.Methods:The efficacy was analysed in total thirty four patients of pleural effusions.Total ADA was estimated by Guitsi and Galanti Calorimetric method and ADA isoenzymes with and without EHNA[Erythro-9-（2- hydroxy-3-nonyl） adenine]a potent ADA<sub>1</sub> inhibitor using the same method.Results:The results demonstrated a statistically significant values of ADA<sub>2</sub> in serum（P【0.001）,pleural fluid（P = 0.000） and significant value for the ratio of pleural fluid ADA<sub>2</sub>/serum ADA2（P【0.001） and pleural fluid ADA/ADA(<sub>2</sub>（P【0. 005）.The sensitivity and specificity values of pleural fluid ADA|2 is 81.8%and 91.6%（cut off value 60 IU/L for Tuberculous effusions）,serum ADA<sub>2</sub> 95.4%and 66%（cut off value 70 IU/L for tuberculous effusions）. ADA2<sub> </sub>is an isoenzyme,which is significantly raised in tuberculous pleural effusions both in the serum and pleural fluid.Conclusion:Estimation of ADA isoenzymes is redundant as a diagnostic aid over total ADA estimation in view of the limited improvements both in specificity and sensitivity patterns and also in term of cost-benefit ratio.展开更多
The purification of a lipase isoenzyme from an Aspergillus niger lipase A is reported in this manuscript. Purification was carried out in a simple adsorption step, in which the lipase was offered at low ionic strength...The purification of a lipase isoenzyme from an Aspergillus niger lipase A is reported in this manuscript. Purification was carried out in a simple adsorption step, in which the lipase was offered at low ionic strength to the commercially available C8 modified magnetic particles, MaKProt C8. When the isoenzyme was desorbed with a 0.2% solution of Triton X-100, the SDS-PAGE gel showed a single pure band with a molecular weight of 35 KDa. The purified fraction showed 66.75-fold purification compared with the crude extract. The pure fraction was characterized along with the crude extract and the lipase adsorbed on the MaKProt C8. The purified and the adsorbed lipase showed better activity for the tested substrates (p-nitrophenyl acetate, decanoate, myristate and palmitate) than the crude extract, the preferred substrates being myristate (26.7 μmol·min-1·mg-1) and decanoate (17.4 μmol·min-1·mg-1), respectively. The temperature and pH profiles showed no change for the three enzymes, the optimum temperature being 37°C and the best pH 7.0.展开更多
Through the polyacrylamide gel clectrophoresis analysis of thirty-two needlesamples of ninty-years old pinus koraiensis in Harbin,seven typies of zone and distribution ofthe zone frequency,and some objective fact of h...Through the polyacrylamide gel clectrophoresis analysis of thirty-two needlesamples of ninty-years old pinus koraiensis in Harbin,seven typies of zone and distribution ofthe zone frequency,and some objective fact of heredity and variation were determined.Theseinformations can be used as reference materials in the research of heredity and variation of pinuskoraiensis.展开更多
Intertidal macroalgae can cope with the dual effects of UV-B irradiation and allelopathy.To study the impacts of the two stressors,we co-cultured Corallina pilulifera with Sargassum thunbergii in 1:1 and 1:10 ratios u...Intertidal macroalgae can cope with the dual effects of UV-B irradiation and allelopathy.To study the impacts of the two stressors,we co-cultured Corallina pilulifera with Sargassum thunbergii in 1:1 and 1:10 ratios under different doses of UV-B radiation.The response of the antioxidant defense system,focusing on activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),ascorbate peroxidase(APX),peroxidase(POX)and glutathione reductase(GR),was monitored.In addition,isoenzyme patterns were analyzed using nondenaturing poly acry lamide gel electrophoresis.The results show that the activities of SOD,APX,and GR were all significantly affected by both UV-B radiation and allelopathy,and the effect of their interaction was significant.However,POX activity was only influenced by UV-B radiation.The enzymatic assay revealed four distinct bands of SOD.The SODⅢband weakened significantly when the co-cultures were exposed to extremely high dosage of UV-B irradiation under both co-culturing ratios of 1:1 and 1:10.When the coculturing ratio was 1:10,both POXⅡand APXⅡenzy me activities increased with different UV-B doses.GR activity was at its greatest when the co-culture ratio was 1:10 and exposure was to the higher UV-B doses.The activities of GRⅢand GRⅣwere elevated under all UV treatments whereas the activities of GRI and GRII were reduced under the lower UV-B treatments but were elevated under the higher UV-B treatments.However,lipid peroxidation,as indicated by the thiobarbituric acid-reacting substance(TBARS)assay,increased significantly under the dual stressors.Our data sugge st that allelopathy and UV-B radiation stre ss can each affect the antioxidant enzyme activities of C.pilulifera.Critically,the adverse effects of UV-B on C.pilulifera were intensified by the compounding effects of allelopathy.展开更多
Peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.7) participate in lignin biosynthesis. But peroxidation is not a tool for assaying lignocellulose metabolism because the active cannot yet be separated from the inactive peroxidases. A biochemic...Peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.7) participate in lignin biosynthesis. But peroxidation is not a tool for assaying lignocellulose metabolism because the active cannot yet be separated from the inactive peroxidases. A biochemical tool for assaying plant cell wall responses to agronomic practices is needed in the lignocellulosic feedstock renewable energy industry. Peroxidase of biomass sorghum was purified to 9 - 13 charge isomers by free solution IEF (Rotofor) technique. Free solution IEF was more effective than chromatographic purification of active peroxidase isoenzymes. Native PAGE separated each charge isomer to three anionic and three cationic isoenzymes. Hydrogen peroxide and o-dianisidine assays showed that only 20% - 30% of the isoenzymes displayed normal Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Sorghum planted without nitrogen fertilization induced the hydrogen peroxide noncompetitive inhibition of peroxidase, but 280 kg·ha–1 nitrogen fertilization and 100% sorghum mineral residue return to the soil tripled the concentration of active peroxidase and relieved the inhibition with concomitant increases of 350 kg lignin and 3532 kg·cellulose·ha–1. Nitrogen fertilization without crop rotation induced hydrogen peroxide inhibition of the peroxidase, but nitrogen fertilization and 25% sorghum rotation changed the PI of the active peroxidase from neutral to mildly acidic and relieved the inhibition with concomitant enormous increases of 690 kg lignin and 7151 kg·cellulose·ha–1. Hydrogen peroxide inhibition kinetics is consistent with the known peroxidase-substrate intermediate dead-end complex formation. Lignocellulosic yield was greatest under the agronomic management that combined 280 kg·ha–1 nitrogen fertilizer with 25% sorghum residue, which resulted in a shift of pI value of the active peroxidase due to a reduction in the Km value of the peroxidase. Therefore, up to 75% of sorghum biomass rather than only 50% can be harvested for conversion to bioenergy products.展开更多
Electrophoresis for SDS-proteins and isoenzymes were conducted to investigate the genetic variations within the agamid lizard Uromastyx aegyptia microlepis inhabiting the desert of Saudi Arabia. Samples were collected...Electrophoresis for SDS-proteins and isoenzymes were conducted to investigate the genetic variations within the agamid lizard Uromastyx aegyptia microlepis inhabiting the desert of Saudi Arabia. Samples were collected from four localities: a) Ushayrah near the town of Taif, b) Al Gwaih near Riyadh, c) Nairyah near Dammam and d) Mouileh near Tabok. A range of 7 to 14 protein bands were recorded in the patterns of the studied samples as measured by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Among them, only one fraction was recorded in all samples as a common protein band. Six arbitrary chosen enzymes were examined by native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. They were α and β esterase (Est), acid phosphatase (Acph), Alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh), Aldehyde oxidase (Ao) and peroxidase (Px). Seventeen heterogeneous alleles have been recorded;seven of them were fixed in all populations and 10 were polymorphic. Nearly all recorded alleles were monomeric in all samples. α-Est2, β-Est2, Acph2 and Px1 were restricted to Tabok samples and were not recorded in other localities. β-Est3, Acph3, Adh1, Adh1and Px2 were not recorded in Taif samples and the latter one was not recorded in the Dammam samples. The similarity coefficient that has been calculated according to the number of sharing bands indicated the clustering of Tabok and Dammam populations together. The constructed tree based on the sharing protein bands and isozyme alleles revealed similar results regarding the kinship of both populations. The present results indicated that the populations of this subspecies exhibits high genetic variability among its populations.展开更多
Objective To observe the relationship between serum creatine kinase isoenzyme MM sub-bands (CKMM3/MM1 ratio) and the gradation of coronary stenosis and provide a simple, reliable, and economical method for identifying...Objective To observe the relationship between serum creatine kinase isoenzyme MM sub-bands (CKMM3/MM1 ratio) and the gradation of coronary stenosis and provide a simple, reliable, and economical method for identifying high-risk unstable angina pectoris (UAP). Mehtods Blood samples were drawn at different time after onset of chest pain in 21 patients with UAP and only once in 20 each volunteers for control. CKMM3/MM1 ratio was detected by nonserial buffer agarose gel electrophoresis. CKMB and CK were observed by velocity method. An emergent coronary arteriography was performed as soon as patients were admitted into hospital. Results Patients with UAP were divided into two subgroups: patients with elevated serum enzyme [P( + )] and patients with normal serum enzyme [P( - ) ] according to CKMM3/MM1 ratio 【 0. 5. Patients with UAP( + ) had higher serum CKMM3/MM1 ratios from 0.5 to 12hrs and serum CKMB from 2 to 12 hrs than those with UAP( - ) and control ( P 【 0. 05) . Serum enzyme concentrations of展开更多
Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis have been used to analyze malate dehydrogenase (MDH), acid phosphatase (Acph) and peroxidase (Px) isoenzymes in different tissues (liver, kidney, muscle and heart) of the tila...Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis have been used to analyze malate dehydrogenase (MDH), acid phosphatase (Acph) and peroxidase (Px) isoenzymes in different tissues (liver, kidney, muscle and heart) of the tilapia fish, Oreo- chromis niloticus in order to study the tissue specificity of these isoenzymes. Three, two and one fractions have been recorded respectively for the three isoenzymes in different studied tissues. The MDH-1 and MDH-2 have been ex- pressed only in muscle and heart while MDH-3 has been expressed in all studied tissues. The percentage amount of MDH in general varied significantly between muscle and different studied tissues. With respect to acid phosphatase, the percentage amount of the total enzyme showed significant difference between liver and muscle and that this variation may be due to higher gene activity in liver. Peroxidase isoenzyme was recorded in liver and heart only with significant increase in liver. The kidney was the least among the studied tissues in showing gene expression for the studied isoenzymes and therefore, liver, heart and muscle tissues are better applicable in studying the isoenzymatic profiles for fish physiology and systematics.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of the study is to compare the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) isoenzymes in three species of shrimps Penaeus japonicus, Procambarus clarkia and Litopenaeus vannamei. [Method] The experimen...[Objective] The aim of the study is to compare the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) isoenzymes in three species of shrimps Penaeus japonicus, Procambarus clarkia and Litopenaeus vannamei. [Method] The experimental materials were used to measure SOD activities after pretreatment, meanwhile the differences in SOD isoenzymes from different materials were assayed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). [Result] There are specific and histological differences in SOD activities of shrimps. With a similar electrophoresis pattern and migration rate, Penaeus japonicus and Litopenaeus vannamei showed remarkable differences with that of Procambarus clarkia. [Conclusion] The result showed the differences of cognation and origin of three shrimps.展开更多
Aim: Recently, there is an increased average of developing cancers. Though, the chemotherapeutic-treatment is unfavorable during pregnancy due to its harmful effects on developing fetuses, physicians have two ways to ...Aim: Recently, there is an increased average of developing cancers. Though, the chemotherapeutic-treatment is unfavorable during pregnancy due to its harmful effects on developing fetuses, physicians have two ways to minimize these effects either by termination of the pregnancy or minimizing its side effects. The present work aimed to illustrate the susceptibility of cardiac, lung and dorsal aorta function to the widely applicable drugs doxorubicin and cisplatin as well as 5-flurouracil. Materials and Methods: Mother albino rats were arranged into four-groups (control, doxorubicin, cisplatin and 5-flurouracil-treated groups). Each pregnant rat received intraperitoneal administration of 0.2 mg/kg body weight at 10th and 14th day of gestation and sacrificed at parturition (two doses). At parturition, serum of mother rats used to assess troponin I, heat shock protein 70, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, vascular endothelial growth factor and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 & VCAM-1). Isoenzyme electrophoresis of alkaline and acid phosphatases, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactic dehydrogenase were estimated in serum, myocardium and dorsal aorta of mother rats. The myocardium and lung were processed for histopathological investigations for both mothers and their offspring. Single strand (comet assay) and double strand DNA damage were carried out in heart and dorsal aorta of mother rats. Results: The present finding revealed that there are detected alterations of myocardial markers and lung amino acid metabolism as well as disruption of myocardial isoenzymes. DNA damage of myocardium and dorsal aorta were observed. Conclusions: The authors concluded that the metabolic activity of heart and lung is highly susceptible to doxorubicin and cisplatin treatment compared to 5-flurouracil and the therapeutic doses must be degraded.展开更多
Myocardial protection during open heart surgery was studied in 52 patients with complex congenital heart disease. Twenty-six patients received b1ood cardioplegia (BCP) and 26 crystalloid cardioplegia (CCP). Release of...Myocardial protection during open heart surgery was studied in 52 patients with complex congenital heart disease. Twenty-six patients received b1ood cardioplegia (BCP) and 26 crystalloid cardioplegia (CCP). Release of serum enzymes (creatine kinase, CK; hybrid muscle-brain CK isoenzyme, CK-MB; aspartate aminotransferase, ASTF and 1actic dehydrogenase, LDH) was determined pre-and post-operatively. DUring the first 72 h post-operation, release of CK, CK-MB, AST and LDH in the 2 groups was different, In case of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) the CK-MB released in l3CP and CCP 12 h after operation were 51. 29±9. 42 and 85. 77±22. 39 U/L respectively (P<0. 05). In the CCP group of TOF, CK-MB level increased significantly even at 72 h after operation (30. 91±14. 32 U/L vs the pre-operative value of 14. 57±7. 51 U/L). The results show a better myocardial preservation in the BCP group as compared with the CCP group. BCP can maintain metabolic homeostasis of the myocardium, reduce myocardial injury and increase the content of myocardial high energy phosphate during ischemia. Tolerance to ischemia is poor in patients with complex congenital heart disease. Therefore, preservation of high energy phosphates is necessary for severe-grade patients and BCP is superior to crysta1loid cardioplegia in this regard. It is concluded that CCP results in a higher release of CK-MB as compared with BCP group. BCP is superior to CCP for myocardial protection in patients with complex congenital heart disease.展开更多
Discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses for lactate dehydrogenase (Ldh) and alfa-esterase (α-Est) isoenzymes were conducted for biochemical differentiation between Echis pyramidum and Eryx colubrinus inhabit...Discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses for lactate dehydrogenase (Ldh) and alfa-esterase (α-Est) isoenzymes were conducted for biochemical differentiation between Echis pyramidum and Eryx colubrinus inhabiting El-Faiyum, Egypt. Total lipids and total protein of liver and muscle tissues in both species were also analyzed. Three Ldh isoforms were recorded in both species and the activity and relative front (RF) of Ldh-1 seemed to be higher in E. pyramidum than in E. colubrinus. This high activity could be supported by the significant increase in the total lipids and total protein in liver and muscle tissues of this species. It is thus possibly reasonable to suppose that E. pyramidum is more active, energetic and adaptable in its habitat than E. colubrinus. α-Est showed five isozymic forms fractions in E. pyramidum, while it showed only four isoforms in E. colubrinus. α-Est-1 was the first clear, dense and thick isoform in E. pyramidum, but it was completely absent in E. colubrinus. High activity of the esterase isoform;α-Est-1 only in the heart tissue of E. pyramidum may reflect the high ability of E. pyramidum to be more resistant to the accumulated toxic residues in its body tissues than E. colubrinus.展开更多
Objective To study the differential diagnosis on cerebral concussion and mild cerebral contusion value of the brain type creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK BB),and evaluate the seriousness of brain damage and prognosis of t...Objective To study the differential diagnosis on cerebral concussion and mild cerebral contusion value of the brain type creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK BB),and evaluate the seriousness of brain damage and prognosis of the patients with acute head injury.Methods Chromatographic separating and fluorometric quantifying technique was used to detect the CK BB activity in the cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) of 117 patients with acute head injury and 12 patients with increased intracranial pressure and 20 normal people.Results The CSF CK BB activity of the patients with acute head injury was remarkably higher than that of the normal people and the CSF CK BB activity increased with the seriousness of brain damage.There was a close relationship between CSF CK BB activity and prognosis,and higher activity of CSF CK BB indicated poor prognosis.Conclusion CSF CK BB activity could be used as a new index to diagnose brain damage and evaluate the seriousness of brain damage and prognosis.展开更多
Root lesion nematode, one of the three most devastated plant parasitic nematodes, is widespread in the world. They can invade various food and cash crops, and cause great agriculture loss. Recognition and identificati...Root lesion nematode, one of the three most devastated plant parasitic nematodes, is widespread in the world. They can invade various food and cash crops, and cause great agriculture loss. Recognition and identification of root lesion nematode are important joint of nematode management, as well as the mechanism research of plant anti-nematode, which is of great benefit to breed resistance varieties. In this review, the recent advances in nematode identification and research of plant anti-nematode are presented, and the importance of non-inaccuracy identification of nematode was emphasized. The mechanism of resistance to root lesion nematode was also discussed.展开更多
Glutamate dehydrogenase regulates crop development, growth, and biomass yield through its synthesis of non-genetic code-based RNA. Understanding the mechanism of GDH-synthesized RNA enzyme would enhance the agricultur...Glutamate dehydrogenase regulates crop development, growth, and biomass yield through its synthesis of non-genetic code-based RNA. Understanding the mechanism of GDH-synthesized RNA enzyme would enhance the agriculture innovation capacity of the more than a billion urban gardeners, smallholder, and limited resources indigenous farmers. Different metabolic variants were prepared by treating peanut growing on healthy soil with stoichiometric mixes of mineral salt solutions. Peanut GDH charge isomers were purified to homogeneity by electrophoresis, and made to synthesize RNA enzyme. Peanut total RNA was 5’-end labeled with [γ-32P]ATP and made to react as substrate in vitro with GDH-synthesized RNA from another metabolic variant of peanut. Agarose, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the reaction products showed that tRNA, rRNA, and most of the mRNAs were degraded to mononucleotides, but total RNAs that were not mixed with GDH-synthesized RNAs were not degraded. When the non-homologous sequence sections of the GDH-synthesized RNA were clipped out, the homologous sections failed to produce Northern bands with peanut total RNA. Therefore, the non-homologous sequence sections served to identify, position, and align the GDH-synthesized RNA to its target total RNA site independent of genetic code;the degradation of total RNA being via non-canonical base alignments in the enzyme-substrate complex, followed by electromagnetic destruction of the total RNA, the less stable of the two kinds of RNA. This is the science-based corner stone that buttresses the crop production efforts of limited resources farmers because GDH-synthesized RNAs quickly degrade superfluous total RNA of the crop in response to the soil mineral nutrient deficiencies thereby minimizing wastage of metabolic energy in the synthesis of unnecessary protein enzymes while optimizing biomass metabolism, crop growth, and maximum crop yields. In vitro hydrolysis of total RNA by GDH-synthesized RNA is the game changing, prototype, R&D methods for cleansing sick total RNA from cells, tissues, and whole organisms.展开更多
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses for malate dehydrogenase (Mdh) and beta-esterase (β-Est) isoenzymes were conducted for biochemical differentiation between two Stenodactylus gekkonid species inhabiting North Sinai ...Polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses for malate dehydrogenase (Mdh) and beta-esterase (β-Est) isoenzymes were conducted for biochemical differentiation between two Stenodactylus gekkonid species inhabiting North Sinai of Egypt. Total lipids and proteins of liver and muscle tissues in both species were also analyzed. A total of three Mdh isoforms were recorded in the analysis, in which the activity of Mdh-2 and Mdh-3 seemed to be higher in S. petrii than in S. sthenodactylus. This high activity could be supported by the significant increase in the total lipids and proteins in liver and muscle tissues of the species. It may thus be reasonable to suppose that S. petrii is more active, energetic and adaptable in the desert habitat than S. sthenodactylus. β-Est showed six fractions in S. petrii and only one fraction in S. sthenodactylus. It is therefore noticeable that β-Est is more highly expressed in S. petrii than in S. sthenodactylus.展开更多
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC0908700, 2017YFC0908703)National S&T Fundamental Resources Investigation Project (2018FY100600, 2018FY100602)+2 种基金Taishan Pandeng Scholar Program of Shandong Province (tspd20181220)Taishan Young Scholar Program of Shandong Province (tsqn20161065, tsqn201812129)Key R&D Program of Shandong Province (2020SFXGFY03, 2019GSF108073)
文摘BACKGROUND:The early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction(AMI)remains challenging,especially for institutions without the high-sensitive cardiac troponin(hs-c Tn)assay.Herein,we aim to assess the value of creatine kinase-myocardial band isoenzyme(CK-MB)combined with different cardiac troponin(c Tn)assays in AMI diagnosis.METHODS:This multicenter,observational study included 3,706 patients with acute chest pain from September 1,2015,to September 30,2017.We classified the participants into three groups according to the c Tn assays:the point-of-care c Tn(POC-c Tn)group,the contemporary c Tn(c-c Tn)group,and hs-c Tn group.The diagnostic value was quantified using sensitivity and the area under the curve(AUC).RESULTS:Compared to the single POC-c Tn/c-c Tn assays,combining CK-MB and POC-c Tn/c-c Tn increased the diagnostic sensitivity of AMI(56.1%vs.63.9%,P<0.001;82.7%vs.84.3%,P=0.025).In contrast,combining CK-MB and hs-c Tn did not change the sensitivity compared with hs-c Tn alone(95.0%vs.95.0%,P>0.999).In the subgroup analysis,the sensitivity of combining CKMB and c-c Tn increased with time from symptom onset<6 h compared with c-c Tn alone(72.8%vs.75.0%,P=0.046),while the sensitivity did not increase with time from symptom onset>6 h(97.5%vs.98.3%,P=0.317).The AUC of the combination of CK-MB and POC-c Tn significantly increased compared to the single POC-c Tn assay(0.776 vs.0.750,P=0.002).The AUC of the combined CKMB and c-c Tn/hs-c Tn assays did not significantly decrease compared with that of the single c-c Tn/hs-c Tn assays within 6 h.CONCLUSIONS:The combination of CK-MB and POC-c Tn or c-c Tn may be valuable for the early diagnosis of AMI,especially when hs-c Tn is not available.
文摘Objective:To assess the efficacy of ADA isoenzyme estimation over that of total ADA level in pleural fluid and serum as a more efficient diagnostic indicator in tuberculous pleural effusions in high prevalence country like India.Methods:The efficacy was analysed in total thirty four patients of pleural effusions.Total ADA was estimated by Guitsi and Galanti Calorimetric method and ADA isoenzymes with and without EHNA[Erythro-9-（2- hydroxy-3-nonyl） adenine]a potent ADA<sub>1</sub> inhibitor using the same method.Results:The results demonstrated a statistically significant values of ADA<sub>2</sub> in serum（P【0.001）,pleural fluid（P = 0.000） and significant value for the ratio of pleural fluid ADA<sub>2</sub>/serum ADA2（P【0.001） and pleural fluid ADA/ADA(<sub>2</sub>（P【0. 005）.The sensitivity and specificity values of pleural fluid ADA|2 is 81.8%and 91.6%（cut off value 60 IU/L for Tuberculous effusions）,serum ADA<sub>2</sub> 95.4%and 66%（cut off value 70 IU/L for tuberculous effusions）. ADA2<sub> </sub>is an isoenzyme,which is significantly raised in tuberculous pleural effusions both in the serum and pleural fluid.Conclusion:Estimation of ADA isoenzymes is redundant as a diagnostic aid over total ADA estimation in view of the limited improvements both in specificity and sensitivity patterns and also in term of cost-benefit ratio.
文摘The purification of a lipase isoenzyme from an Aspergillus niger lipase A is reported in this manuscript. Purification was carried out in a simple adsorption step, in which the lipase was offered at low ionic strength to the commercially available C8 modified magnetic particles, MaKProt C8. When the isoenzyme was desorbed with a 0.2% solution of Triton X-100, the SDS-PAGE gel showed a single pure band with a molecular weight of 35 KDa. The purified fraction showed 66.75-fold purification compared with the crude extract. The pure fraction was characterized along with the crude extract and the lipase adsorbed on the MaKProt C8. The purified and the adsorbed lipase showed better activity for the tested substrates (p-nitrophenyl acetate, decanoate, myristate and palmitate) than the crude extract, the preferred substrates being myristate (26.7 μmol·min-1·mg-1) and decanoate (17.4 μmol·min-1·mg-1), respectively. The temperature and pH profiles showed no change for the three enzymes, the optimum temperature being 37°C and the best pH 7.0.
文摘Through the polyacrylamide gel clectrophoresis analysis of thirty-two needlesamples of ninty-years old pinus koraiensis in Harbin,seven typies of zone and distribution ofthe zone frequency,and some objective fact of heredity and variation were determined.Theseinformations can be used as reference materials in the research of heredity and variation of pinuskoraiensis.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31971546,31300326)。
文摘Intertidal macroalgae can cope with the dual effects of UV-B irradiation and allelopathy.To study the impacts of the two stressors,we co-cultured Corallina pilulifera with Sargassum thunbergii in 1:1 and 1:10 ratios under different doses of UV-B radiation.The response of the antioxidant defense system,focusing on activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),ascorbate peroxidase(APX),peroxidase(POX)and glutathione reductase(GR),was monitored.In addition,isoenzyme patterns were analyzed using nondenaturing poly acry lamide gel electrophoresis.The results show that the activities of SOD,APX,and GR were all significantly affected by both UV-B radiation and allelopathy,and the effect of their interaction was significant.However,POX activity was only influenced by UV-B radiation.The enzymatic assay revealed four distinct bands of SOD.The SODⅢband weakened significantly when the co-cultures were exposed to extremely high dosage of UV-B irradiation under both co-culturing ratios of 1:1 and 1:10.When the coculturing ratio was 1:10,both POXⅡand APXⅡenzy me activities increased with different UV-B doses.GR activity was at its greatest when the co-culture ratio was 1:10 and exposure was to the higher UV-B doses.The activities of GRⅢand GRⅣwere elevated under all UV treatments whereas the activities of GRI and GRII were reduced under the lower UV-B treatments but were elevated under the higher UV-B treatments.However,lipid peroxidation,as indicated by the thiobarbituric acid-reacting substance(TBARS)assay,increased significantly under the dual stressors.Our data sugge st that allelopathy and UV-B radiation stre ss can each affect the antioxidant enzyme activities of C.pilulifera.Critically,the adverse effects of UV-B on C.pilulifera were intensified by the compounding effects of allelopathy.
文摘Peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.7) participate in lignin biosynthesis. But peroxidation is not a tool for assaying lignocellulose metabolism because the active cannot yet be separated from the inactive peroxidases. A biochemical tool for assaying plant cell wall responses to agronomic practices is needed in the lignocellulosic feedstock renewable energy industry. Peroxidase of biomass sorghum was purified to 9 - 13 charge isomers by free solution IEF (Rotofor) technique. Free solution IEF was more effective than chromatographic purification of active peroxidase isoenzymes. Native PAGE separated each charge isomer to three anionic and three cationic isoenzymes. Hydrogen peroxide and o-dianisidine assays showed that only 20% - 30% of the isoenzymes displayed normal Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Sorghum planted without nitrogen fertilization induced the hydrogen peroxide noncompetitive inhibition of peroxidase, but 280 kg·ha–1 nitrogen fertilization and 100% sorghum mineral residue return to the soil tripled the concentration of active peroxidase and relieved the inhibition with concomitant increases of 350 kg lignin and 3532 kg·cellulose·ha–1. Nitrogen fertilization without crop rotation induced hydrogen peroxide inhibition of the peroxidase, but nitrogen fertilization and 25% sorghum rotation changed the PI of the active peroxidase from neutral to mildly acidic and relieved the inhibition with concomitant enormous increases of 690 kg lignin and 7151 kg·cellulose·ha–1. Hydrogen peroxide inhibition kinetics is consistent with the known peroxidase-substrate intermediate dead-end complex formation. Lignocellulosic yield was greatest under the agronomic management that combined 280 kg·ha–1 nitrogen fertilizer with 25% sorghum residue, which resulted in a shift of pI value of the active peroxidase due to a reduction in the Km value of the peroxidase. Therefore, up to 75% of sorghum biomass rather than only 50% can be harvested for conversion to bioenergy products.
文摘Electrophoresis for SDS-proteins and isoenzymes were conducted to investigate the genetic variations within the agamid lizard Uromastyx aegyptia microlepis inhabiting the desert of Saudi Arabia. Samples were collected from four localities: a) Ushayrah near the town of Taif, b) Al Gwaih near Riyadh, c) Nairyah near Dammam and d) Mouileh near Tabok. A range of 7 to 14 protein bands were recorded in the patterns of the studied samples as measured by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Among them, only one fraction was recorded in all samples as a common protein band. Six arbitrary chosen enzymes were examined by native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. They were α and β esterase (Est), acid phosphatase (Acph), Alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh), Aldehyde oxidase (Ao) and peroxidase (Px). Seventeen heterogeneous alleles have been recorded;seven of them were fixed in all populations and 10 were polymorphic. Nearly all recorded alleles were monomeric in all samples. α-Est2, β-Est2, Acph2 and Px1 were restricted to Tabok samples and were not recorded in other localities. β-Est3, Acph3, Adh1, Adh1and Px2 were not recorded in Taif samples and the latter one was not recorded in the Dammam samples. The similarity coefficient that has been calculated according to the number of sharing bands indicated the clustering of Tabok and Dammam populations together. The constructed tree based on the sharing protein bands and isozyme alleles revealed similar results regarding the kinship of both populations. The present results indicated that the populations of this subspecies exhibits high genetic variability among its populations.
文摘Objective To observe the relationship between serum creatine kinase isoenzyme MM sub-bands (CKMM3/MM1 ratio) and the gradation of coronary stenosis and provide a simple, reliable, and economical method for identifying high-risk unstable angina pectoris (UAP). Mehtods Blood samples were drawn at different time after onset of chest pain in 21 patients with UAP and only once in 20 each volunteers for control. CKMM3/MM1 ratio was detected by nonserial buffer agarose gel electrophoresis. CKMB and CK were observed by velocity method. An emergent coronary arteriography was performed as soon as patients were admitted into hospital. Results Patients with UAP were divided into two subgroups: patients with elevated serum enzyme [P( + )] and patients with normal serum enzyme [P( - ) ] according to CKMM3/MM1 ratio 【 0. 5. Patients with UAP( + ) had higher serum CKMM3/MM1 ratios from 0.5 to 12hrs and serum CKMB from 2 to 12 hrs than those with UAP( - ) and control ( P 【 0. 05) . Serum enzyme concentrations of
文摘Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis have been used to analyze malate dehydrogenase (MDH), acid phosphatase (Acph) and peroxidase (Px) isoenzymes in different tissues (liver, kidney, muscle and heart) of the tilapia fish, Oreo- chromis niloticus in order to study the tissue specificity of these isoenzymes. Three, two and one fractions have been recorded respectively for the three isoenzymes in different studied tissues. The MDH-1 and MDH-2 have been ex- pressed only in muscle and heart while MDH-3 has been expressed in all studied tissues. The percentage amount of MDH in general varied significantly between muscle and different studied tissues. With respect to acid phosphatase, the percentage amount of the total enzyme showed significant difference between liver and muscle and that this variation may be due to higher gene activity in liver. Peroxidase isoenzyme was recorded in liver and heart only with significant increase in liver. The kidney was the least among the studied tissues in showing gene expression for the studied isoenzymes and therefore, liver, heart and muscle tissues are better applicable in studying the isoenzymatic profiles for fish physiology and systematics.
文摘[Objective] The aim of the study is to compare the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) isoenzymes in three species of shrimps Penaeus japonicus, Procambarus clarkia and Litopenaeus vannamei. [Method] The experimental materials were used to measure SOD activities after pretreatment, meanwhile the differences in SOD isoenzymes from different materials were assayed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). [Result] There are specific and histological differences in SOD activities of shrimps. With a similar electrophoresis pattern and migration rate, Penaeus japonicus and Litopenaeus vannamei showed remarkable differences with that of Procambarus clarkia. [Conclusion] The result showed the differences of cognation and origin of three shrimps.
文摘Aim: Recently, there is an increased average of developing cancers. Though, the chemotherapeutic-treatment is unfavorable during pregnancy due to its harmful effects on developing fetuses, physicians have two ways to minimize these effects either by termination of the pregnancy or minimizing its side effects. The present work aimed to illustrate the susceptibility of cardiac, lung and dorsal aorta function to the widely applicable drugs doxorubicin and cisplatin as well as 5-flurouracil. Materials and Methods: Mother albino rats were arranged into four-groups (control, doxorubicin, cisplatin and 5-flurouracil-treated groups). Each pregnant rat received intraperitoneal administration of 0.2 mg/kg body weight at 10th and 14th day of gestation and sacrificed at parturition (two doses). At parturition, serum of mother rats used to assess troponin I, heat shock protein 70, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, vascular endothelial growth factor and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 & VCAM-1). Isoenzyme electrophoresis of alkaline and acid phosphatases, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactic dehydrogenase were estimated in serum, myocardium and dorsal aorta of mother rats. The myocardium and lung were processed for histopathological investigations for both mothers and their offspring. Single strand (comet assay) and double strand DNA damage were carried out in heart and dorsal aorta of mother rats. Results: The present finding revealed that there are detected alterations of myocardial markers and lung amino acid metabolism as well as disruption of myocardial isoenzymes. DNA damage of myocardium and dorsal aorta were observed. Conclusions: The authors concluded that the metabolic activity of heart and lung is highly susceptible to doxorubicin and cisplatin treatment compared to 5-flurouracil and the therapeutic doses must be degraded.
文摘Myocardial protection during open heart surgery was studied in 52 patients with complex congenital heart disease. Twenty-six patients received b1ood cardioplegia (BCP) and 26 crystalloid cardioplegia (CCP). Release of serum enzymes (creatine kinase, CK; hybrid muscle-brain CK isoenzyme, CK-MB; aspartate aminotransferase, ASTF and 1actic dehydrogenase, LDH) was determined pre-and post-operatively. DUring the first 72 h post-operation, release of CK, CK-MB, AST and LDH in the 2 groups was different, In case of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) the CK-MB released in l3CP and CCP 12 h after operation were 51. 29±9. 42 and 85. 77±22. 39 U/L respectively (P<0. 05). In the CCP group of TOF, CK-MB level increased significantly even at 72 h after operation (30. 91±14. 32 U/L vs the pre-operative value of 14. 57±7. 51 U/L). The results show a better myocardial preservation in the BCP group as compared with the CCP group. BCP can maintain metabolic homeostasis of the myocardium, reduce myocardial injury and increase the content of myocardial high energy phosphate during ischemia. Tolerance to ischemia is poor in patients with complex congenital heart disease. Therefore, preservation of high energy phosphates is necessary for severe-grade patients and BCP is superior to crysta1loid cardioplegia in this regard. It is concluded that CCP results in a higher release of CK-MB as compared with BCP group. BCP is superior to CCP for myocardial protection in patients with complex congenital heart disease.
文摘Discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses for lactate dehydrogenase (Ldh) and alfa-esterase (α-Est) isoenzymes were conducted for biochemical differentiation between Echis pyramidum and Eryx colubrinus inhabiting El-Faiyum, Egypt. Total lipids and total protein of liver and muscle tissues in both species were also analyzed. Three Ldh isoforms were recorded in both species and the activity and relative front (RF) of Ldh-1 seemed to be higher in E. pyramidum than in E. colubrinus. This high activity could be supported by the significant increase in the total lipids and total protein in liver and muscle tissues of this species. It is thus possibly reasonable to suppose that E. pyramidum is more active, energetic and adaptable in its habitat than E. colubrinus. α-Est showed five isozymic forms fractions in E. pyramidum, while it showed only four isoforms in E. colubrinus. α-Est-1 was the first clear, dense and thick isoform in E. pyramidum, but it was completely absent in E. colubrinus. High activity of the esterase isoform;α-Est-1 only in the heart tissue of E. pyramidum may reflect the high ability of E. pyramidum to be more resistant to the accumulated toxic residues in its body tissues than E. colubrinus.
文摘Objective To study the differential diagnosis on cerebral concussion and mild cerebral contusion value of the brain type creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK BB),and evaluate the seriousness of brain damage and prognosis of the patients with acute head injury.Methods Chromatographic separating and fluorometric quantifying technique was used to detect the CK BB activity in the cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) of 117 patients with acute head injury and 12 patients with increased intracranial pressure and 20 normal people.Results The CSF CK BB activity of the patients with acute head injury was remarkably higher than that of the normal people and the CSF CK BB activity increased with the seriousness of brain damage.There was a close relationship between CSF CK BB activity and prognosis,and higher activity of CSF CK BB indicated poor prognosis.Conclusion CSF CK BB activity could be used as a new index to diagnose brain damage and evaluate the seriousness of brain damage and prognosis.
文摘Root lesion nematode, one of the three most devastated plant parasitic nematodes, is widespread in the world. They can invade various food and cash crops, and cause great agriculture loss. Recognition and identification of root lesion nematode are important joint of nematode management, as well as the mechanism research of plant anti-nematode, which is of great benefit to breed resistance varieties. In this review, the recent advances in nematode identification and research of plant anti-nematode are presented, and the importance of non-inaccuracy identification of nematode was emphasized. The mechanism of resistance to root lesion nematode was also discussed.
文摘Glutamate dehydrogenase regulates crop development, growth, and biomass yield through its synthesis of non-genetic code-based RNA. Understanding the mechanism of GDH-synthesized RNA enzyme would enhance the agriculture innovation capacity of the more than a billion urban gardeners, smallholder, and limited resources indigenous farmers. Different metabolic variants were prepared by treating peanut growing on healthy soil with stoichiometric mixes of mineral salt solutions. Peanut GDH charge isomers were purified to homogeneity by electrophoresis, and made to synthesize RNA enzyme. Peanut total RNA was 5’-end labeled with [γ-32P]ATP and made to react as substrate in vitro with GDH-synthesized RNA from another metabolic variant of peanut. Agarose, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the reaction products showed that tRNA, rRNA, and most of the mRNAs were degraded to mononucleotides, but total RNAs that were not mixed with GDH-synthesized RNAs were not degraded. When the non-homologous sequence sections of the GDH-synthesized RNA were clipped out, the homologous sections failed to produce Northern bands with peanut total RNA. Therefore, the non-homologous sequence sections served to identify, position, and align the GDH-synthesized RNA to its target total RNA site independent of genetic code;the degradation of total RNA being via non-canonical base alignments in the enzyme-substrate complex, followed by electromagnetic destruction of the total RNA, the less stable of the two kinds of RNA. This is the science-based corner stone that buttresses the crop production efforts of limited resources farmers because GDH-synthesized RNAs quickly degrade superfluous total RNA of the crop in response to the soil mineral nutrient deficiencies thereby minimizing wastage of metabolic energy in the synthesis of unnecessary protein enzymes while optimizing biomass metabolism, crop growth, and maximum crop yields. In vitro hydrolysis of total RNA by GDH-synthesized RNA is the game changing, prototype, R&D methods for cleansing sick total RNA from cells, tissues, and whole organisms.
文摘Polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses for malate dehydrogenase (Mdh) and beta-esterase (β-Est) isoenzymes were conducted for biochemical differentiation between two Stenodactylus gekkonid species inhabiting North Sinai of Egypt. Total lipids and proteins of liver and muscle tissues in both species were also analyzed. A total of three Mdh isoforms were recorded in the analysis, in which the activity of Mdh-2 and Mdh-3 seemed to be higher in S. petrii than in S. sthenodactylus. This high activity could be supported by the significant increase in the total lipids and proteins in liver and muscle tissues of the species. It may thus be reasonable to suppose that S. petrii is more active, energetic and adaptable in the desert habitat than S. sthenodactylus. β-Est showed six fractions in S. petrii and only one fraction in S. sthenodactylus. It is therefore noticeable that β-Est is more highly expressed in S. petrii than in S. sthenodactylus.
