The modern democracy in Mongolia has changed from ideology and desires into the daily actions and real-life needs of achievement of the people. The content of this article aimed to categorize the democracy development...The modern democracy in Mongolia has changed from ideology and desires into the daily actions and real-life needs of achievement of the people. The content of this article aimed to categorize the democracy development process and its challenges and opportunities in promoting democratic governance in Mongolia;such brought specific approaches of the changes and difficulties. The content of research article contextual approaches are characterized by own individual research data on democracy as basis on the use of the work and the independent research findings of the researcher. On the overview of process of uncut democracy consolidation, the democracy development in Mongolia managed to the most consistent principles and fundamental values of democracy up to second half of the 1990s. From the second half of the 1990s till the election in 2004, within this term, the following challenges and difficulties risen to action of slowing down that forming of political parties, grouped into fractional, blockage of post-trafficking, conspiracy, and to be corrupted and bribery as mentioned as newly adverse phenomena have begun to the democracy development.展开更多
The“maturity gap”between generations is an objective fact that can only be narrowed through education.The asymmetry between generations is the anthropological base for education,and thus school education originated ...The“maturity gap”between generations is an objective fact that can only be narrowed through education.The asymmetry between generations is the anthropological base for education,and thus school education originated when this asymmetry enlarged.The print media protects this asymmetry,whereas the electronic media decrease the asymmetry,causing it to quickly fade away.However,when the asymmetry between generations fades away,the legitimacy and attraction of school education will be reduced,which is the primary reason that modern schools encounter so many crises.In the age of electronic media,schools must search for a new legitimate basis and transform into a“learning community.”展开更多
Within the international human rights circle,Abduliahi AhmedAn-Na’im is regarded as a representative of Southern voices."Under such a circumstance that the confrontation between the West and non-Western countrie...Within the international human rights circle,Abduliahi AhmedAn-Na’im is regarded as a representative of Southern voices."Under such a circumstance that the confrontation between the West and non-Western countries on human rights has become a routine reality,An-Na’im advocates a contingent universality of human rights or"contingent universality of human rights,"and insists that the universality of human rights be based on the cultural legitimacy of human rights.While he sees the internal dialogue of human rights in all non-Western countries,including Islamic ones,as a basic way to ensure the international human rights standards be accepted gradually,he also believes the cross-cultural dialogue among different societies can eventually lead to the reconstruction of the legitimacy of international human rights standards or even the standards themselves.An-Na’im’s theory of moderate cultural relativism points a way to achieve universality of human rights for developing countries,but there are a few questions that need to be further addressed.展开更多
Based on dynamic capability theory and legitimacy theory,a theoretical model is constructed to examine how big data capability,through the mediation of knowledge dynamic capability,drive business model innovation unde...Based on dynamic capability theory and legitimacy theory,a theoretical model is constructed to examine how big data capability,through the mediation of knowledge dynamic capability,drive business model innovation under the moderation effect of innovation legitimacy.The eanalys is isconducted using regression analysis and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA)on survey data from 302 enterprises that have already implemented big data application practices.The study finds the following four conclusions.(1)Big data capability has a significant positive impact on business model innovation.(2)Dynamic knowledge capability partially mediates the relationship between big data capability and business model innovation.(3)Innovation legitimacy positively influences business model innovation and positively moderates the relationship between big data capability and businessmodel innovation.(4)Through further qualitative comparative analysis,two causal paths that influence business model innovation are identified.展开更多
Global financial governance refers to the way in which global financial affairs are managed. As there is no global government, global financial governance typically involves a range of actors including states, as well...Global financial governance refers to the way in which global financial affairs are managed. As there is no global government, global financial governance typically involves a range of actors including states, as well as regional and international organizations aimed at negotiating responses to problems that affect more than one state or region, far from only providing the public good of financial stability through global economy integration and global financial legislation. In geopolitical context of the 21 st century, emerging economies still have maintained a low profile in global financial governance, despite their growing economic power and the rhetoric of being a responsible great power, and there is little evidence that they will seek international leadership. Moreover,compared to the other emerging powers in the BRICS(Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) group,China has under-participated in global governance in terms of contributing personnel, finance and ideas to major multilateral institutions and programs. It is really an interesting question in international economics and politics area. Firstly, this paper examines comparative data on the emerging economies countries' participation in global financial governance and explains the reason why China has relatively low involvement in global financial governance. Secondly, this paper analyzes norms and legitimacy in global financial governance, and thus outlines the emerging economies constraints on public policy of global financial market integration in the light of the foregoing analysis of legitimacy, accountability and democracy. Finally, some global financial governance development strategy and possible policy solutions are discussed as well.展开更多
Western and Islamic societies suffer from a common ailment-their citizens are losing trust in the basic integrity of their political institutions.There is a growing sense that systematic injustices are the core reason...Western and Islamic societies suffer from a common ailment-their citizens are losing trust in the basic integrity of their political institutions.There is a growing sense that systematic injustices are the core reasons behind economic,political and social crises.The result is a global decline of political authority.Embattled liberals in the West and the Islamic world want to bolster struggling democracies,new and old.Both groups see religion as indispensable in coping with chronic crises of legitimacy.Western liberalism’s sense of vulnerability is paving the way for a rediscovery of Islamic Modernism.Western liberals hope that open-minded Muslims can help them combat fundamentalisms of all stripes,including extremist tendencies surging in America and Europe.Today’s Islamic Modernists comprise an influential network of writers,interest groups and activists that can be valuable allies in transnational struggles for democracy and religious tolerance.展开更多
The Patriarch’s Hall Anthology(Zutang Ji祖堂集),is a work written in the style of“Lamp Records(灯录)”and maintains a deep connection with Xuefeng’s lineage(雪峰系)of Shitou Sect(石头宗).It therefore has obvious se...The Patriarch’s Hall Anthology(Zutang Ji祖堂集),is a work written in the style of“Lamp Records(灯录)”and maintains a deep connection with Xuefeng’s lineage(雪峰系)of Shitou Sect(石头宗).It therefore has obvious sectarian tendencies.In terms of the Dharma inheritance,the Patriarch’s Hall Anthology is dedicated to constructing an exclusive lineage of the Dharma transmission and establishing Shitou Sect as the direct line of transmission of the Sixth Patriarch Huineng.In terms of the image of the founder,the Patriarch’s Hall Anthology makes use of the literary methods of fictionalization and dichotomy to portray Shitou Xiqian(石头希迁)as the legitimate successor to the“treasury of the true Dharma-eye(正法眼藏).”In terms of Chan ideology,the Patriarch’s Hall Anthology,through criticizing Mazu’s Chan teaching that“the mind is precisely the Buddha(即心即佛),”established Shitou Sect as the true inheritor of the spirit of the Tathāgatagarbha(Rulaizang如来藏).It is through these three aspects that the Patriarch’s Hall Anthology consciously and systematically highlights the orthodox position of Shitou Sect in the Southern School of Chan.展开更多
A review of the literature indicates that,currently,Ethiopia is now beyond the bounds of fragility.The purpose of the study was to investigate whether Ethiopia was experiencing fragility.After a review of the literatu...A review of the literature indicates that,currently,Ethiopia is now beyond the bounds of fragility.The purpose of the study was to investigate whether Ethiopia was experiencing fragility.After a review of the literature on fragility,a theoretical framework lens on fragility was developed to empirically test Ethiopia’s current condition.A longitudinal analysis indicates that before 2018,Ethiopia was regarded as the central economic engine of sub-Saharan Africa.However,as the current regime reversed Ethiopia’s developmental state model and moved to follow a neo-liberal model,Ethiopia’s economy has gradually diminished.More specifically,during the current regime,Ethiopia has experienced a decline in its Gross Domestic Product,faced rampant unemployment,and encountered an increase in inflation.Its foreign exchange currency reserves have declined below the three-month threshold of hard currency required for a country to import goods and services,and its external debt has extended beyond the country’s GDP.By encouraging armed conflict and widespread insurgencies,the current regime has caused social tension and deep humanitarian crises in Ethiopia-resulting in devastation of health and school facilities and causing more than five million Ethiopians to be displaced.Finally,failing to provide leadership to his people,the current regime in Ethiopia has willingly allowed the incursion of Ethiopia’s sovereignty by foreign forces.The conclusion of the study is that,when observed through the lens of fragility using a longitudinal framework,currently,Ethiopia has traversed beyond fragility and seems to be heading toward balkanization.展开更多
The co-existence of native English teachers and Chinese English teachers in the Chinese educational system ushers in a new and fascinating research area. The SLA field has already had native English teachers as a perf...The co-existence of native English teachers and Chinese English teachers in the Chinese educational system ushers in a new and fascinating research area. The SLA field has already had native English teachers as a perfect role-modeling of using English. Why do Chinese English teachers bother? Are there any space left for Chinese English teachers in the field of TEFL? Is their existence something accidental? This paper attempts to address the issue of professional legitimacy of an increasing amount of Chinese English teachers in the field of TEFL. By analyzing the deep-rooted assumptions and customary biases in the field, this paper tries to proposal a new professional identity for Chinese English teacher to imagine.展开更多
Motives for corporate environmental responses( CERs)have received little research attention. This study examines the motives for CERs in Chinese enterprises. In-depth interviews with senior executives of 35 small-and ...Motives for corporate environmental responses( CERs)have received little research attention. This study examines the motives for CERs in Chinese enterprises. In-depth interviews with senior executives of 35 small-and medium-sized enterprises( SMEs)in Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces reveal that China's SMEs have mainly responded reactively to environmental problems. Legitimacy motive is the main reason for the CERs. Strategic motive is also recorded,although to a lesser extent.展开更多
Climate clubs are valuable platforms for international and public-private collaboration in global climate governance;however,not all climate clubs enjoy durable support from their members.The existing literature attri...Climate clubs are valuable platforms for international and public-private collaboration in global climate governance;however,not all climate clubs enjoy durable support from their members.The existing literature attributes the varied fates of climate clubs to factors like legitimacy and club goods.We further argue that the norm-making function of clubs,the perceived value of club goods,and the costs of club good production collectively affect club development.We present a comparative study on two U.S.-initiated climate clubs-the Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate(APP)and the Clean Energy Ministerial(CEM).While legitimacy concerns had some marginal influence on both clubs,the niche clubs occupy and the costs of club goods provision were crucial factors that influenced the two clubs’different fates.The APP’s failure was due to its focus on norm-making and providing information-oriented assistance to the private sector.As government interest in norm-making declined,the APP’s value declined accordingly.Moreover,assistance to private sector actors was costly and less attractive to governments.In comparison,the CEM found its niche by focusing on facilitating policymaking in the clean energy sector in a cost-efficient manner.To make clubs durable,constructing an action-oriented working environment and providing value-added and low-cost services to key stakeholders are of great importance.展开更多
Government credibility is a very important issue in today’s society.It seems to have a great relationship with the administrative efficiency of the government.At present,the credibility of the government in the world...Government credibility is a very important issue in today’s society.It seems to have a great relationship with the administrative efficiency of the government.At present,the credibility of the government in the world has generally declined.In this article,I first described the factors affecting the government’s credibility and took the gap between people’s expectations and perception of the government as the main reason for the decline of the government’s credibility.Secondly,I analyze the relationship between credibility and political legitimacy and believe that credibility is the main source of political legitimacy.Finally,based on the actions of governments to improve political legitimacy through various means,I explain their impact on government credibility from the perspectives of expectation and perception.I find that most of these actions will get the opposite of what one wants,increasing the risk of credibility collapse.展开更多
The Internet reconstructs the order of information dissemination and power relations during a public crisis and facilitates the redistribution of discourse power. Therefore, from a micro perspective, it further compli...The Internet reconstructs the order of information dissemination and power relations during a public crisis and facilitates the redistribution of discourse power. Therefore, from a micro perspective, it further complicates a specific crisis;while from a macro perspective, it intensifies the uncertainty of social risks. In the context of a public crisis, through the redistribution of discourse power, the Internet promotes competitions among a diversity of opinions and disintegrates the traditional mechanism of opinion expression, the mechanism of social trust and the legitimate mechanism of decision making and power exercising. In the meantime, the Internet also creates space for social actions. This space, integrating the virtual space with the real world, enables the public to"upgrade"from onlookers and expressers to active movers. Dialogue among plural subjects in the society should be deemed a basic notion and the approach to public crisis management in the era of the Internet should renew the discourse order, reconstruct the mechanisms of trust and legitimacy, and cultivate a sense of identity and community in a pluralist context.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to systematize sport accounting literature with intellectual capital(IC)lenses.Professional sport organizations are knowledge-based institutions,in which the IC plays a central role.IC is ...The purpose of this paper is to systematize sport accounting literature with intellectual capital(IC)lenses.Professional sport organizations are knowledge-based institutions,in which the IC plays a central role.IC is a significant driver for value creation for professional sport organizations and it is the expression of their market value.The relevance of IC in professional sport organizations allows us to delve into IC accounting research.Growing but highly fragmented literature focuses on accounting and reporting practices inside professional sport organizations,and analyzes single aspects of IC.As a starting point,we analyze the sport organizations’literature with the aim of investigating the IC value creation process.We then investigate IC accounting and reporting practices and the role of IC disclosure in relation to information transparency.The present work contributes to the extant literature by providing the“state of the art”of sport studies in accounting for IC.It also contributes to the extant literature by offering future avenues for advances in IC accounting research and theories.展开更多
一用这几页纸的篇幅,我们将试着在神学和教会学这个再恰当不过的语境下来理解教宗本笃十六世的决定。不过,我们须将这一决定看作一种典范(esemplarita),方能从中得出一种针对我们生活其中的民主政治情境的分析。事实上,我们都已相信,本...一用这几页纸的篇幅,我们将试着在神学和教会学这个再恰当不过的语境下来理解教宗本笃十六世的决定。不过,我们须将这一决定看作一种典范(esemplarita),方能从中得出一种针对我们生活其中的民主政治情境的分析。事实上,我们都已相信,本笃十六世的"放弃大位"(il Gran Rifiuto),所证明的非但不是怯懦(根据一种远远谈不上可靠的注解传统,教宗塞莱斯廷五世~①曾在但丁笔下被斥为怯懦~②),反倒是一种在今日具有典范意义和价值的勇气。教宗所自道的逊位理由,固然有一部分是真切的。展开更多
文摘The modern democracy in Mongolia has changed from ideology and desires into the daily actions and real-life needs of achievement of the people. The content of this article aimed to categorize the democracy development process and its challenges and opportunities in promoting democratic governance in Mongolia;such brought specific approaches of the changes and difficulties. The content of research article contextual approaches are characterized by own individual research data on democracy as basis on the use of the work and the independent research findings of the researcher. On the overview of process of uncut democracy consolidation, the democracy development in Mongolia managed to the most consistent principles and fundamental values of democracy up to second half of the 1990s. From the second half of the 1990s till the election in 2004, within this term, the following challenges and difficulties risen to action of slowing down that forming of political parties, grouped into fractional, blockage of post-trafficking, conspiracy, and to be corrupted and bribery as mentioned as newly adverse phenomena have begun to the democracy development.
文摘The“maturity gap”between generations is an objective fact that can only be narrowed through education.The asymmetry between generations is the anthropological base for education,and thus school education originated when this asymmetry enlarged.The print media protects this asymmetry,whereas the electronic media decrease the asymmetry,causing it to quickly fade away.However,when the asymmetry between generations fades away,the legitimacy and attraction of school education will be reduced,which is the primary reason that modern schools encounter so many crises.In the age of electronic media,schools must search for a new legitimate basis and transform into a“learning community.”
基金funded by“Research on the Universality and Subjectivity of Human Rights”(Research Subject Grant No.14BFX141),a general project of the National Social Science Fund of China
文摘Within the international human rights circle,Abduliahi AhmedAn-Na’im is regarded as a representative of Southern voices."Under such a circumstance that the confrontation between the West and non-Western countries on human rights has become a routine reality,An-Na’im advocates a contingent universality of human rights or"contingent universality of human rights,"and insists that the universality of human rights be based on the cultural legitimacy of human rights.While he sees the internal dialogue of human rights in all non-Western countries,including Islamic ones,as a basic way to ensure the international human rights standards be accepted gradually,he also believes the cross-cultural dialogue among different societies can eventually lead to the reconstruction of the legitimacy of international human rights standards or even the standards themselves.An-Na’im’s theory of moderate cultural relativism points a way to achieve universality of human rights for developing countries,but there are a few questions that need to be further addressed.
基金general project(No.71672080,72072086)of the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China.
文摘Based on dynamic capability theory and legitimacy theory,a theoretical model is constructed to examine how big data capability,through the mediation of knowledge dynamic capability,drive business model innovation under the moderation effect of innovation legitimacy.The eanalys is isconducted using regression analysis and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA)on survey data from 302 enterprises that have already implemented big data application practices.The study finds the following four conclusions.(1)Big data capability has a significant positive impact on business model innovation.(2)Dynamic knowledge capability partially mediates the relationship between big data capability and business model innovation.(3)Innovation legitimacy positively influences business model innovation and positively moderates the relationship between big data capability and businessmodel innovation.(4)Through further qualitative comparative analysis,two causal paths that influence business model innovation are identified.
文摘Global financial governance refers to the way in which global financial affairs are managed. As there is no global government, global financial governance typically involves a range of actors including states, as well as regional and international organizations aimed at negotiating responses to problems that affect more than one state or region, far from only providing the public good of financial stability through global economy integration and global financial legislation. In geopolitical context of the 21 st century, emerging economies still have maintained a low profile in global financial governance, despite their growing economic power and the rhetoric of being a responsible great power, and there is little evidence that they will seek international leadership. Moreover,compared to the other emerging powers in the BRICS(Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) group,China has under-participated in global governance in terms of contributing personnel, finance and ideas to major multilateral institutions and programs. It is really an interesting question in international economics and politics area. Firstly, this paper examines comparative data on the emerging economies countries' participation in global financial governance and explains the reason why China has relatively low involvement in global financial governance. Secondly, this paper analyzes norms and legitimacy in global financial governance, and thus outlines the emerging economies constraints on public policy of global financial market integration in the light of the foregoing analysis of legitimacy, accountability and democracy. Finally, some global financial governance development strategy and possible policy solutions are discussed as well.
文摘Western and Islamic societies suffer from a common ailment-their citizens are losing trust in the basic integrity of their political institutions.There is a growing sense that systematic injustices are the core reasons behind economic,political and social crises.The result is a global decline of political authority.Embattled liberals in the West and the Islamic world want to bolster struggling democracies,new and old.Both groups see religion as indispensable in coping with chronic crises of legitimacy.Western liberalism’s sense of vulnerability is paving the way for a rediscovery of Islamic Modernism.Western liberals hope that open-minded Muslims can help them combat fundamentalisms of all stripes,including extremist tendencies surging in America and Europe.Today’s Islamic Modernists comprise an influential network of writers,interest groups and activists that can be valuable allies in transnational struggles for democracy and religious tolerance.
基金“The Social Life History of Monks in Chinese Buddhism,”a 2017 Major Program of the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant Number 17ZDA233)
文摘The Patriarch’s Hall Anthology(Zutang Ji祖堂集),is a work written in the style of“Lamp Records(灯录)”and maintains a deep connection with Xuefeng’s lineage(雪峰系)of Shitou Sect(石头宗).It therefore has obvious sectarian tendencies.In terms of the Dharma inheritance,the Patriarch’s Hall Anthology is dedicated to constructing an exclusive lineage of the Dharma transmission and establishing Shitou Sect as the direct line of transmission of the Sixth Patriarch Huineng.In terms of the image of the founder,the Patriarch’s Hall Anthology makes use of the literary methods of fictionalization and dichotomy to portray Shitou Xiqian(石头希迁)as the legitimate successor to the“treasury of the true Dharma-eye(正法眼藏).”In terms of Chan ideology,the Patriarch’s Hall Anthology,through criticizing Mazu’s Chan teaching that“the mind is precisely the Buddha(即心即佛),”established Shitou Sect as the true inheritor of the spirit of the Tathāgatagarbha(Rulaizang如来藏).It is through these three aspects that the Patriarch’s Hall Anthology consciously and systematically highlights the orthodox position of Shitou Sect in the Southern School of Chan.
文摘A review of the literature indicates that,currently,Ethiopia is now beyond the bounds of fragility.The purpose of the study was to investigate whether Ethiopia was experiencing fragility.After a review of the literature on fragility,a theoretical framework lens on fragility was developed to empirically test Ethiopia’s current condition.A longitudinal analysis indicates that before 2018,Ethiopia was regarded as the central economic engine of sub-Saharan Africa.However,as the current regime reversed Ethiopia’s developmental state model and moved to follow a neo-liberal model,Ethiopia’s economy has gradually diminished.More specifically,during the current regime,Ethiopia has experienced a decline in its Gross Domestic Product,faced rampant unemployment,and encountered an increase in inflation.Its foreign exchange currency reserves have declined below the three-month threshold of hard currency required for a country to import goods and services,and its external debt has extended beyond the country’s GDP.By encouraging armed conflict and widespread insurgencies,the current regime has caused social tension and deep humanitarian crises in Ethiopia-resulting in devastation of health and school facilities and causing more than five million Ethiopians to be displaced.Finally,failing to provide leadership to his people,the current regime in Ethiopia has willingly allowed the incursion of Ethiopia’s sovereignty by foreign forces.The conclusion of the study is that,when observed through the lens of fragility using a longitudinal framework,currently,Ethiopia has traversed beyond fragility and seems to be heading toward balkanization.
文摘The co-existence of native English teachers and Chinese English teachers in the Chinese educational system ushers in a new and fascinating research area. The SLA field has already had native English teachers as a perfect role-modeling of using English. Why do Chinese English teachers bother? Are there any space left for Chinese English teachers in the field of TEFL? Is their existence something accidental? This paper attempts to address the issue of professional legitimacy of an increasing amount of Chinese English teachers in the field of TEFL. By analyzing the deep-rooted assumptions and customary biases in the field, this paper tries to proposal a new professional identity for Chinese English teacher to imagine.
文摘Motives for corporate environmental responses( CERs)have received little research attention. This study examines the motives for CERs in Chinese enterprises. In-depth interviews with senior executives of 35 small-and medium-sized enterprises( SMEs)in Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces reveal that China's SMEs have mainly responded reactively to environmental problems. Legitimacy motive is the main reason for the CERs. Strategic motive is also recorded,although to a lesser extent.
基金We acknowledge financial support from Shanghai Pujiang Program[Grant number.2020PJC010]the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
文摘Climate clubs are valuable platforms for international and public-private collaboration in global climate governance;however,not all climate clubs enjoy durable support from their members.The existing literature attributes the varied fates of climate clubs to factors like legitimacy and club goods.We further argue that the norm-making function of clubs,the perceived value of club goods,and the costs of club good production collectively affect club development.We present a comparative study on two U.S.-initiated climate clubs-the Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate(APP)and the Clean Energy Ministerial(CEM).While legitimacy concerns had some marginal influence on both clubs,the niche clubs occupy and the costs of club goods provision were crucial factors that influenced the two clubs’different fates.The APP’s failure was due to its focus on norm-making and providing information-oriented assistance to the private sector.As government interest in norm-making declined,the APP’s value declined accordingly.Moreover,assistance to private sector actors was costly and less attractive to governments.In comparison,the CEM found its niche by focusing on facilitating policymaking in the clean energy sector in a cost-efficient manner.To make clubs durable,constructing an action-oriented working environment and providing value-added and low-cost services to key stakeholders are of great importance.
文摘Government credibility is a very important issue in today’s society.It seems to have a great relationship with the administrative efficiency of the government.At present,the credibility of the government in the world has generally declined.In this article,I first described the factors affecting the government’s credibility and took the gap between people’s expectations and perception of the government as the main reason for the decline of the government’s credibility.Secondly,I analyze the relationship between credibility and political legitimacy and believe that credibility is the main source of political legitimacy.Finally,based on the actions of governments to improve political legitimacy through various means,I explain their impact on government credibility from the perspectives of expectation and perception.I find that most of these actions will get the opposite of what one wants,increasing the risk of credibility collapse.
基金a staged research result of “Studies in Rational Expression amid Public Opinions in the Age of New Media(15BXW057)a research program sponsored by the National Social Science Foundation
文摘The Internet reconstructs the order of information dissemination and power relations during a public crisis and facilitates the redistribution of discourse power. Therefore, from a micro perspective, it further complicates a specific crisis;while from a macro perspective, it intensifies the uncertainty of social risks. In the context of a public crisis, through the redistribution of discourse power, the Internet promotes competitions among a diversity of opinions and disintegrates the traditional mechanism of opinion expression, the mechanism of social trust and the legitimate mechanism of decision making and power exercising. In the meantime, the Internet also creates space for social actions. This space, integrating the virtual space with the real world, enables the public to"upgrade"from onlookers and expressers to active movers. Dialogue among plural subjects in the society should be deemed a basic notion and the approach to public crisis management in the era of the Internet should renew the discourse order, reconstruct the mechanisms of trust and legitimacy, and cultivate a sense of identity and community in a pluralist context.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to systematize sport accounting literature with intellectual capital(IC)lenses.Professional sport organizations are knowledge-based institutions,in which the IC plays a central role.IC is a significant driver for value creation for professional sport organizations and it is the expression of their market value.The relevance of IC in professional sport organizations allows us to delve into IC accounting research.Growing but highly fragmented literature focuses on accounting and reporting practices inside professional sport organizations,and analyzes single aspects of IC.As a starting point,we analyze the sport organizations’literature with the aim of investigating the IC value creation process.We then investigate IC accounting and reporting practices and the role of IC disclosure in relation to information transparency.The present work contributes to the extant literature by providing the“state of the art”of sport studies in accounting for IC.It also contributes to the extant literature by offering future avenues for advances in IC accounting research and theories.
文摘一用这几页纸的篇幅,我们将试着在神学和教会学这个再恰当不过的语境下来理解教宗本笃十六世的决定。不过,我们须将这一决定看作一种典范(esemplarita),方能从中得出一种针对我们生活其中的民主政治情境的分析。事实上,我们都已相信,本笃十六世的"放弃大位"(il Gran Rifiuto),所证明的非但不是怯懦(根据一种远远谈不上可靠的注解传统,教宗塞莱斯廷五世~①曾在但丁笔下被斥为怯懦~②),反倒是一种在今日具有典范意义和价值的勇气。教宗所自道的逊位理由,固然有一部分是真切的。
