This work shows a didactic model representative (GPM) of the particles described in the Standard Model (SM). Particles are represented by geometric forms corresponding to geometric structures of coupled quantum oscill...This work shows a didactic model representative (GPM) of the particles described in the Standard Model (SM). Particles are represented by geometric forms corresponding to geometric structures of coupled quantum oscillators. From the didactic hypotheses of the model emerges an in-depth phenomenology of particles that is fully compatible with that of SM. Thanks to this model, we can calculate “geometrically” the mass of Higgs’s Boson and the mass of the pair “muon and muonic neutrino”, and, by the geometric shapes of leptons and bosons, we can also solve crucial aspects of SM physics as the neutrinos’ oscillations and the intrinsic chirality of the neutrino and antineutrino.展开更多
We consider the lepton-flavor violating (LFV) processes li → ljγ in the framework of topcolor-assistedtechnicolor (TC2) models. We find that the new gauge boson Z' predicted by TC2 models can give significantlyc...We consider the lepton-flavor violating (LFV) processes li → ljγ in the framework of topcolor-assistedtechnicolor (TC2) models. We find that the new gauge boson Z' predicted by TC2 models can give significantlycontributions to these processes via the flavor-changing couplings Z'lilj. The present experimental bound on the LFVprocess μ→ eγ gives severe constraints on the TC2 models. Using other experimental constraints on the Z' mass Mz,we obtain constraints on the lepton mixing factors KTμ and KTe. The future LFV experiments will probe into TC2models.展开更多
One of the biggest unsolved problems in physics is the particle masses of all elementary particles which cannot be calculated accurately and predicted theoretically. In this paper, the unsolved problem of the particle...One of the biggest unsolved problems in physics is the particle masses of all elementary particles which cannot be calculated accurately and predicted theoretically. In this paper, the unsolved problem of the particle masses is solved by the accurate mass formulas which calculate accurately and predict theoretically the particle masses of all leptons, quarks, gauge bosons, the Higgs boson, and cosmic rays (the knees-ankles-toe) by using only five known constants: the number (seven) of the extra spatial dimensions in the eleven-dimensional membrane, the mass of electron, the masses of Z and W bosons, and the fine structure constant. The calculated masses are in excellent agreements with the observed masses. For examples, the calculated masses of muon, top quark, pion, neutron, and the Higgs boson are 105.55 MeV, 175.4 GeV, 139.54 MeV, 939.43 MeV, and 126 GeV, respectively, in excellent agreements with the observed 105.65 MeV, 173.3 GeV, 139.57 MeV, 939.27 MeV, and 126 GeV, respectively. The mass formulas also calculate accurately the masses of the new particle at 750 GeV from the LHC and the new light boson at 17 MeV. The theoretical base of the accurate mass formulas is the periodic table of elementary particles. As the periodic table of elements is derived from atomic orbitals, the periodic table of elementary particles is derived from the seven principal mass dimensional orbitals and seven auxiliary mass dimensional orbitals. All elementary particles including leptons, quarks, gauge bosons, the Higgs boson, and cosmic rays can be placed in the periodic table of elementary particles. The periodic table of elementary particles is based on the theory of everything as the computer simulation model of physical reality consisting of the mathematical computation, digital representation and selective retention components. The computer simulation model of physical reality provides the seven principal mass dimensional orbitals and seven auxiliary mass dimensional orbitals for the periodic table of elementary particles.展开更多
We examine the process γγ→ x+ - at photon-photon collider in the minimal supersymmetric standard model with R-parity violation,where all the one-loop diagrams are considered.We mainly discuss the effects of bilinea...We examine the process γγ→ x+ - at photon-photon collider in the minimal supersymmetric standard model with R-parity violation,where all the one-loop diagrams are considered.We mainly discuss the effects of bilinear breaking terms,and conclude that their contributions may be important compared with trilinear terms.Our results show that the events of this process could be detectable at photon-photon colliders,if the values of the parameters are favorable.展开更多
From the full stopping scenario,the dilepton production in the baryon-rich quark-gluon fireball based on a relativistic hydrodynamic model is studied,and it is found that with increasing incident energy a characterist...From the full stopping scenario,the dilepton production in the baryon-rich quark-gluon fireball based on a relativistic hydrodynamic model is studied,and it is found that with increasing incident energy a characteristic plateau indicating the formation of the baryon-rich quark-gluon matter appears in the total yield.展开更多
In the study of dilepton production of a baryon-rich quark-gluon fireball based on the full stopping scenario via a relativistic hydrodynamic model,it is found that for the fixed initial baryon chemical potential with...In the study of dilepton production of a baryon-rich quark-gluon fireball based on the full stopping scenario via a relativistic hydrodynamic model,it is found that for the fixed initial baryon chemical potential with increasing initial temperature a peak indicating the formation of the baryon-rich quark-gluon matter appears in the total dilepton yield.展开更多
Based on a relativistic hydrodynamic model,the dilepton production in a baryon-rich quark-gluon fireball is studied.We Hnd that at invariant masses between 2mπ and 1 GeV,with increasing initial baryon density,a chara...Based on a relativistic hydrodynamic model,the dilepton production in a baryon-rich quark-gluon fireball is studied.We Hnd that at invariant masses between 2mπ and 1 GeV,with increasing initial baryon density,a characteristic valley and a subsequent peak appear in the total dilepton yield,which signal more uniquely the baryon-rich quark-gluon matter formation and can be tested in future experiments at CERN and Brookhaven.展开更多
From the full stopping scenario,a relativistic hydrodynamic model describing the evolution of the baryon-rich quark-gluon matter fire-cylinder has been established.Based on it,the rapidity Distribution of dileptons wi...From the full stopping scenario,a relativistic hydrodynamic model describing the evolution of the baryon-rich quark-gluon matter fire-cylinder has been established.Based on it,the rapidity Distribution of dileptons with intermediate invariant masses has been studied.It is found that the quark phase gives the dominant contribution to the dilepton spectrum due to the influence of the phase boundary on the evolution of the system,especially the dilepton yield is strongly suppressed with the increasing rapidity.展开更多
Generalized Boltzmann approximation of the phase-space distribution function of quarks in the quark phase and of pions in the hadron phase,adopted by previous authors,to a complete expression,the dilepton production i...Generalized Boltzmann approximation of the phase-space distribution function of quarks in the quark phase and of pions in the hadron phase,adopted by previous authors,to a complete expression,the dilepton production in Bjorken's(1+1)dimensional scaling expansion system is studied.We find that the dilepton production is heightened,and the shape of the characteristic dilepton dietribution for the quark matter formation in ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions is significantly changed.展开更多
With the increase of the initial baryon density,the dilepton production in invariant masses between 2mπ and 1 GeV is shown to be suppressed and an abnormal peak of the dilepton spectrum appears near the invariant mas...With the increase of the initial baryon density,the dilepton production in invariant masses between 2mπ and 1 GeV is shown to be suppressed and an abnormal peak of the dilepton spectrum appears near the invariant mass 0.75 GeV if a baryon-rich quark-gluon matter was formed in the ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collision.These predictions are important for several large-scale experiments at CERN and Brookhaven.展开更多
Under thermodynamic equilibrium, the initial values of the quark-gluon system from relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions are obtained. From these initial values we have studied the dilepton production on the basis o...Under thermodynamic equilibrium, the initial values of the quark-gluon system from relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions are obtained. From these initial values we have studied the dilepton production on the basis of the relativistic hydrodynamic model, and found that with increasing incident energy a characteristic plateau indicating the formation of the quark-gluon plasma appears in the total yield.展开更多
Study of neutrino properties is nowadays one of the most active domains of research in physics. On the one hand, fundamental properties of the neutrinos like their absolute mass, their character (are they Dirac or Maj...Study of neutrino properties is nowadays one of the most active domains of research in physics. On the one hand, fundamental properties of the neutrinos like their absolute mass, their character (are they Dirac or Majorana particles?) and the number of neutrino flavors, are still unknown. On the other hand, the knowledge of these properties are of great importance since the neutrinos are very abundant in nature and play a key role in nuclear and particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology. In addition, the results of the neutrino oscillation experiments have convincingly showed that neutrinos have mass and mix, in contradiction to the initial assumptions of the Standard Model. In this context there is an increased interest in the study of the Lepton Number Violating (LNV) processes, since they are capable to decide on the above mentioned neutrino properties. Since recently, the neutrinoless double beta (0nββ) decay was considered the only process able to distinguish between Dirac or Majorana neutrinos and to give a hint on the absolute mass of the electron neutrino. At present, the increased luminosity of the LHC experiments at CERN makes it feasable the search for LNV processes at LHC as well. Besides the neutrino character, these studies can also shed light on the existence of other types of neutrinos (the sterile neutrinos), than the three known ones. In this paper, I make a brief review on our present knowledge about the neutrino properties and on the way they can be probed by LNV processes at low- and high-energies. Particularly, I refer to the 0nββ decay process and to the first attempts of searching of LNV processes in hadron collider experiments, particularly in LHC experiments at CERN-Geneva.展开更多
A novel model of charged leptons is presented, which contains two basics hypotheses. The first hypothesis is that the Yukawa coupling between Higgs field and charged leptons is the weak interaction, the Higgs field is...A novel model of charged leptons is presented, which contains two basics hypotheses. The first hypothesis is that the Yukawa coupling between Higgs field and charged leptons is the weak interaction, the Higgs field is a scalar intermediate boson which changes the chirality of charged leptons in the weak interaction. The other hypothesis is that the flavor eigenstates of charged leptons are the superposition states of left-handed and right-handed elementary Weyl spinors before the electroweak symmetry breaking. According to this model, the Yukawa coupling constants between Higgs field and three generations of charged leptons are considered to be a universal constant, and the difference of the masses of different charged leptons is due to the different left-right mixing angles of their flavor eigenstates.展开更多
In many models stability of Dark Matter particles D is ensured by conservation of a new quantum number referred to as D -parity. Our models also contain charged D -odd particles D± with the same spin as D. (For m...In many models stability of Dark Matter particles D is ensured by conservation of a new quantum number referred to as D -parity. Our models also contain charged D -odd particles D± with the same spin as D. (For more information,please refer to the PDF.)展开更多
Theoretically, in order to achieve non-zero θ13 a little deviation from Tribimaximal Mixing (TBM) pattern is needed, especially on θ13 without perturbing the atmospheric and solar mixing angles. In this work we comp...Theoretically, in order to achieve non-zero θ13 a little deviation from Tribimaximal Mixing (TBM) pattern is needed, especially on θ13 without perturbing the atmospheric and solar mixing angles. In this work we computed the neutrino mixing angles by disturbing the θ13 as well as θ12 in Bimaximal (BM) and Hexagonal mixing (HM) using non-diagonal charged lepton mass. Considering the standard form of mass texture which satisfies TBM we have shown the quasi-degenerate nature of neutrino. This quasi degenerate type of mass matrix for BM and HM is then used to calculate the deviated mixing pattern which are consistent with recent neutrino oscillation data.展开更多
The present article is a continuation of a recently published paper [1] in which we have modeled the composition and structure of neutrons and other hadrons using the Rotating Lepton Model (RLM) which is a Bohr type m...The present article is a continuation of a recently published paper [1] in which we have modeled the composition and structure of neutrons and other hadrons using the Rotating Lepton Model (RLM) which is a Bohr type model employing the relativistic gravitational attraction between three ultrafast rotating neutrinos as the centripetal force. The RLM accounts for special relativity and also for the De Broglie equation of quantum mechanics. In this way this force was shown to reach the value of the Strong Force while the values of the masses of the rotating relativistic neutrinos reach those of quarks. Masses computed for twelve hadrons and bosons are in very close (~2%) agreement with the experimental values. Here we use the same RLM approach to describe the composition and structure and to compute the masses of Pions and Kaons which are important zero spin mesons. Contrary to hadrons and bosons which have been found via the RLM to comprise the heaviest neutrino eigenmass m<sub>3</sub>, in the case of mesons the intermediate neutrino mass eigenstate m<sub>2</sub> is found to play the dominant role. This can explain why the lowest masses of mesons are generally smaller than those of hadrons and bosons. Thus in the case of Pions it is found that they comprise three rotating m<sub>2</sub> mass eigenstate neutrinos and the computed mass of 136.6 MeV/c<sup>2</sup> is in good agreement with the experimental value of 134.977 MeV/c<sup>2</sup>. The Kaon structure is found to consist of six m<sub>2</sub> mass eigenstate neutrinos arranged in two parallel pion-type rotating triads. The computed Kaon mass differs less that 2% from the experimental K<sup>±</sup> and K°values of 493.677 MeV/c<sup>2</sup> and 497.648 MeV/c<sup>2</sup> respectively. This, in conjunction with the experimentally observed decay products of the Kaons, provides strong support for the proposed K structure.展开更多
This paper purposes an explanation for the recent evidence for the violation of lepton universality in beauty-quark decays at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider. A beauty meson (B<sup>+</sup>) transforms into a...This paper purposes an explanation for the recent evidence for the violation of lepton universality in beauty-quark decays at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider. A beauty meson (B<sup>+</sup>) transforms into a strange meson (K<sup>+</sup>) with the emission of either electron-positron (e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup>) or muon-antimuon (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><em>μ</em></span><sup>+</sup><em>μ</em><sup>-</sup>). The ratio (<em>R</em><sub>K</sub>) of branching fractions for B<sup>+ </sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">→</span> K<sup>+</sup><em>μ</em><sup>+</sup><em>μ</em><sup>- </sup>and B<sup>+</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">→</span> K<sup>+</sup>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup> decays is measured to be <em>R</em><sub>K</sub> = 0.846 instead of 1 in the violation of lepton universality in the Standard Model. This paper proposes that the violation is derived from the binary isotope mixture of two beauty-quarks, b<sub>7</sub> (4979 MeV mass) and b<sub>8</sub> (143,258 MeV mass) whose masses are calculated from the periodic table of elementary particles. b<sub>7</sub> is the observable B, while b<sub>8</sub> is the hidden B to preserve the generation number symmetry between the three lepton family generations and the three quark family generations in the Standard Model. The preservation of the generation number symmetry forbids b<sub>8</sub> to decay into K<sup>+</sup><em>μ</em><sup>+</sup><em>μ</em><sup>-</sup>. In the transition state involving the virtual particles (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><em>γ</em></span>, W± and Z<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>) before the decay, b<sub>7</sub> and b<sub>8</sub> emerge to form the binary isotope mixture from B. The rates of emergence as the rates of diffuse in Graham’s law of diffusion are proportional to inverse square root of mass. The rate ratio between b<sub>8</sub>/b<sub>7</sub> is (4979/143,258)<sup>1/2</sup> = 0.1864. Since b<sub>7</sub> decays into K<sup>+</sup>, e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup>, and <em>μ</em><sup>+</sup><em>μ</em><sup>-</sup>, while b<sub>8</sub> decays into K<sup>+</sup>, e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup>, and forbidden <em>μ</em><sup>+</sup><em>μ</em><sup>-</sup>, the calculated ratio (RK) of branching fractions for B<sup>+</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">→</span> K<sup>+</sup><em>μ</em><sup>+</sup><em>μ</em><sup>-</sup> and B<sup>+</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">→</span> K<sup>+</sup>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>- </sup>is 0.5/(0.1864 × 0.5+ 0.5) = 0.843 in excellent agreement with the observed 0.846. The agreement between the calculated RK and the observed RK confirms the validity of the periodic table of elementary particles which provides the answers for the dominance of matter over antimatter, dark-matter, and the mass hierarchy of elementary particles.展开更多
The Beijing Spectrometer(BESIII)collaboration has reported the world’s first observation of the decay D+→τ+ν,which is the second type of pure leptonic decay of the D+meson,in a newly published Physical Review Lett...The Beijing Spectrometer(BESIII)collaboration has reported the world’s first observation of the decay D+→τ+ν,which is the second type of pure leptonic decay of the D+meson,in a newly published Physical Review Letters paper.The paper has been highlighted by the journal as an"Editors’Suggestion."展开更多
Heavy neutral leptons N are the most appealing candidates to generate tiny neutrino masses.We studied the signature of heavy neutral leptons in gauged U(1)Lμ-Lτ at a muon collider.Charged under the U(1)Lμ-Lτ symme...Heavy neutral leptons N are the most appealing candidates to generate tiny neutrino masses.We studied the signature of heavy neutral leptons in gauged U(1)Lμ-Lτ at a muon collider.Charged under the U(1)Lμ-Lτ symmetry,the heavy neutral leptons can be pair produced via the new gauge boson Z' at the muon collider as μ^(+)μ^(-)→Z′*→NN AND μ^(+)μ^(-)→Z′(*)γ→NNγ.We then performed a detailed analysis on the lepton number violation signature μ^(+)μ^(-)→NN→μ^(±)μ^(±)W■W■ and μ^(+)μ^(-)→NN→μ^(±)μ^(±)W■W■γ at the 3 TeV muon collider,where the hadronic decays of W boson are treated as fat-jets J.These lepton number violation signatures have quite clean backgrounds at the muon collider.Our simulation shows that a wide range of viable parameter space is within the reach of the 3 TeV muon collider.For instance,with new gauge coupling g'=0.6 and an integrated luminosity of 1000 fb^(-1),the μ^(±)μ^(±)JJ signal could probe m_(Z′)■13 TeV.Meanwhile,if the gauge boson mass satisfies 2m_(N)<√s,the μ^(±)μ^(±)JJγ signature would be more promising than the μ^(±)μ^(±)JJ signature.展开更多
文摘This work shows a didactic model representative (GPM) of the particles described in the Standard Model (SM). Particles are represented by geometric forms corresponding to geometric structures of coupled quantum oscillators. From the didactic hypotheses of the model emerges an in-depth phenomenology of particles that is fully compatible with that of SM. Thanks to this model, we can calculate “geometrically” the mass of Higgs’s Boson and the mass of the pair “muon and muonic neutrino”, and, by the geometric shapes of leptons and bosons, we can also solve crucial aspects of SM physics as the neutrinos’ oscillations and the intrinsic chirality of the neutrino and antineutrino.
文摘We consider the lepton-flavor violating (LFV) processes li → ljγ in the framework of topcolor-assistedtechnicolor (TC2) models. We find that the new gauge boson Z' predicted by TC2 models can give significantlycontributions to these processes via the flavor-changing couplings Z'lilj. The present experimental bound on the LFVprocess μ→ eγ gives severe constraints on the TC2 models. Using other experimental constraints on the Z' mass Mz,we obtain constraints on the lepton mixing factors KTμ and KTe. The future LFV experiments will probe into TC2models.
文摘One of the biggest unsolved problems in physics is the particle masses of all elementary particles which cannot be calculated accurately and predicted theoretically. In this paper, the unsolved problem of the particle masses is solved by the accurate mass formulas which calculate accurately and predict theoretically the particle masses of all leptons, quarks, gauge bosons, the Higgs boson, and cosmic rays (the knees-ankles-toe) by using only five known constants: the number (seven) of the extra spatial dimensions in the eleven-dimensional membrane, the mass of electron, the masses of Z and W bosons, and the fine structure constant. The calculated masses are in excellent agreements with the observed masses. For examples, the calculated masses of muon, top quark, pion, neutron, and the Higgs boson are 105.55 MeV, 175.4 GeV, 139.54 MeV, 939.43 MeV, and 126 GeV, respectively, in excellent agreements with the observed 105.65 MeV, 173.3 GeV, 139.57 MeV, 939.27 MeV, and 126 GeV, respectively. The mass formulas also calculate accurately the masses of the new particle at 750 GeV from the LHC and the new light boson at 17 MeV. The theoretical base of the accurate mass formulas is the periodic table of elementary particles. As the periodic table of elements is derived from atomic orbitals, the periodic table of elementary particles is derived from the seven principal mass dimensional orbitals and seven auxiliary mass dimensional orbitals. All elementary particles including leptons, quarks, gauge bosons, the Higgs boson, and cosmic rays can be placed in the periodic table of elementary particles. The periodic table of elementary particles is based on the theory of everything as the computer simulation model of physical reality consisting of the mathematical computation, digital representation and selective retention components. The computer simulation model of physical reality provides the seven principal mass dimensional orbitals and seven auxiliary mass dimensional orbitals for the periodic table of elementary particles.
基金国家自然科学基金，教育部科研项目，the State Commission of Science and Technology of China
文摘We examine the process γγ→ x+ - at photon-photon collider in the minimal supersymmetric standard model with R-parity violation,where all the one-loop diagrams are considered.We mainly discuss the effects of bilinear breaking terms,and conclude that their contributions may be important compared with trilinear terms.Our results show that the events of this process could be detectable at photon-photon colliders,if the values of the parameters are favorable.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.19475060.
文摘From the full stopping scenario,the dilepton production in the baryon-rich quark-gluon fireball based on a relativistic hydrodynamic model is studied,and it is found that with increasing incident energy a characteristic plateau indicating the formation of the baryon-rich quark-gluon matter appears in the total yield.
基金Supported in part by the Grant LWTZ-1298 of Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘In the study of dilepton production of a baryon-rich quark-gluon fireball based on the full stopping scenario via a relativistic hydrodynamic model,it is found that for the fixed initial baryon chemical potential with increasing initial temperature a peak indicating the formation of the baryon-rich quark-gluon matter appears in the total dilepton yield.
基金Supported in part by the Grant LWTZ-1298 of Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘Based on a relativistic hydrodynamic model,the dilepton production in a baryon-rich quark-gluon fireball is studied.We Hnd that at invariant masses between 2mπ and 1 GeV,with increasing initial baryon density,a characteristic valley and a subsequent peak appear in the total dilepton yield,which signal more uniquely the baryon-rich quark-gluon matter formation and can be tested in future experiments at CERN and Brookhaven.
基金Supported by the 95'Key Project Funds of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No.KJ 951-A1-410.
文摘From the full stopping scenario,a relativistic hydrodynamic model describing the evolution of the baryon-rich quark-gluon matter fire-cylinder has been established.Based on it,the rapidity Distribution of dileptons with intermediate invariant masses has been studied.It is found that the quark phase gives the dominant contribution to the dilepton spectrum due to the influence of the phase boundary on the evolution of the system,especially the dilepton yield is strongly suppressed with the increasing rapidity.
文摘Generalized Boltzmann approximation of the phase-space distribution function of quarks in the quark phase and of pions in the hadron phase,adopted by previous authors,to a complete expression,the dilepton production in Bjorken's(1+1)dimensional scaling expansion system is studied.We find that the dilepton production is heightened,and the shape of the characteristic dilepton dietribution for the quark matter formation in ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions is significantly changed.
文摘With the increase of the initial baryon density,the dilepton production in invariant masses between 2mπ and 1 GeV is shown to be suppressed and an abnormal peak of the dilepton spectrum appears near the invariant mass 0.75 GeV if a baryon-rich quark-gluon matter was formed in the ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collision.These predictions are important for several large-scale experiments at CERN and Brookhaven.
基金95'Key Funds of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KJ951-A1-410)the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.19475060.
文摘Under thermodynamic equilibrium, the initial values of the quark-gluon system from relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions are obtained. From these initial values we have studied the dilepton production on the basis of the relativistic hydrodynamic model, and found that with increasing incident energy a characteristic plateau indicating the formation of the quark-gluon plasma appears in the total yield.
文摘Study of neutrino properties is nowadays one of the most active domains of research in physics. On the one hand, fundamental properties of the neutrinos like their absolute mass, their character (are they Dirac or Majorana particles?) and the number of neutrino flavors, are still unknown. On the other hand, the knowledge of these properties are of great importance since the neutrinos are very abundant in nature and play a key role in nuclear and particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology. In addition, the results of the neutrino oscillation experiments have convincingly showed that neutrinos have mass and mix, in contradiction to the initial assumptions of the Standard Model. In this context there is an increased interest in the study of the Lepton Number Violating (LNV) processes, since they are capable to decide on the above mentioned neutrino properties. Since recently, the neutrinoless double beta (0nββ) decay was considered the only process able to distinguish between Dirac or Majorana neutrinos and to give a hint on the absolute mass of the electron neutrino. At present, the increased luminosity of the LHC experiments at CERN makes it feasable the search for LNV processes at LHC as well. Besides the neutrino character, these studies can also shed light on the existence of other types of neutrinos (the sterile neutrinos), than the three known ones. In this paper, I make a brief review on our present knowledge about the neutrino properties and on the way they can be probed by LNV processes at low- and high-energies. Particularly, I refer to the 0nββ decay process and to the first attempts of searching of LNV processes in hadron collider experiments, particularly in LHC experiments at CERN-Geneva.
文摘A novel model of charged leptons is presented, which contains two basics hypotheses. The first hypothesis is that the Yukawa coupling between Higgs field and charged leptons is the weak interaction, the Higgs field is a scalar intermediate boson which changes the chirality of charged leptons in the weak interaction. The other hypothesis is that the flavor eigenstates of charged leptons are the superposition states of left-handed and right-handed elementary Weyl spinors before the electroweak symmetry breaking. According to this model, the Yukawa coupling constants between Higgs field and three generations of charged leptons are considered to be a universal constant, and the difference of the masses of different charged leptons is due to the different left-right mixing angles of their flavor eigenstates.
文摘In many models stability of Dark Matter particles D is ensured by conservation of a new quantum number referred to as D -parity. Our models also contain charged D -odd particles D± with the same spin as D. (For more information,please refer to the PDF.)
文摘Theoretically, in order to achieve non-zero θ13 a little deviation from Tribimaximal Mixing (TBM) pattern is needed, especially on θ13 without perturbing the atmospheric and solar mixing angles. In this work we computed the neutrino mixing angles by disturbing the θ13 as well as θ12 in Bimaximal (BM) and Hexagonal mixing (HM) using non-diagonal charged lepton mass. Considering the standard form of mass texture which satisfies TBM we have shown the quasi-degenerate nature of neutrino. This quasi degenerate type of mass matrix for BM and HM is then used to calculate the deviated mixing pattern which are consistent with recent neutrino oscillation data.
文摘The present article is a continuation of a recently published paper [1] in which we have modeled the composition and structure of neutrons and other hadrons using the Rotating Lepton Model (RLM) which is a Bohr type model employing the relativistic gravitational attraction between three ultrafast rotating neutrinos as the centripetal force. The RLM accounts for special relativity and also for the De Broglie equation of quantum mechanics. In this way this force was shown to reach the value of the Strong Force while the values of the masses of the rotating relativistic neutrinos reach those of quarks. Masses computed for twelve hadrons and bosons are in very close (~2%) agreement with the experimental values. Here we use the same RLM approach to describe the composition and structure and to compute the masses of Pions and Kaons which are important zero spin mesons. Contrary to hadrons and bosons which have been found via the RLM to comprise the heaviest neutrino eigenmass m<sub>3</sub>, in the case of mesons the intermediate neutrino mass eigenstate m<sub>2</sub> is found to play the dominant role. This can explain why the lowest masses of mesons are generally smaller than those of hadrons and bosons. Thus in the case of Pions it is found that they comprise three rotating m<sub>2</sub> mass eigenstate neutrinos and the computed mass of 136.6 MeV/c<sup>2</sup> is in good agreement with the experimental value of 134.977 MeV/c<sup>2</sup>. The Kaon structure is found to consist of six m<sub>2</sub> mass eigenstate neutrinos arranged in two parallel pion-type rotating triads. The computed Kaon mass differs less that 2% from the experimental K<sup>±</sup> and K°values of 493.677 MeV/c<sup>2</sup> and 497.648 MeV/c<sup>2</sup> respectively. This, in conjunction with the experimentally observed decay products of the Kaons, provides strong support for the proposed K structure.
文摘This paper purposes an explanation for the recent evidence for the violation of lepton universality in beauty-quark decays at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider. A beauty meson (B<sup>+</sup>) transforms into a strange meson (K<sup>+</sup>) with the emission of either electron-positron (e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup>) or muon-antimuon (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><em>μ</em></span><sup>+</sup><em>μ</em><sup>-</sup>). The ratio (<em>R</em><sub>K</sub>) of branching fractions for B<sup>+ </sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">→</span> K<sup>+</sup><em>μ</em><sup>+</sup><em>μ</em><sup>- </sup>and B<sup>+</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">→</span> K<sup>+</sup>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup> decays is measured to be <em>R</em><sub>K</sub> = 0.846 instead of 1 in the violation of lepton universality in the Standard Model. This paper proposes that the violation is derived from the binary isotope mixture of two beauty-quarks, b<sub>7</sub> (4979 MeV mass) and b<sub>8</sub> (143,258 MeV mass) whose masses are calculated from the periodic table of elementary particles. b<sub>7</sub> is the observable B, while b<sub>8</sub> is the hidden B to preserve the generation number symmetry between the three lepton family generations and the three quark family generations in the Standard Model. The preservation of the generation number symmetry forbids b<sub>8</sub> to decay into K<sup>+</sup><em>μ</em><sup>+</sup><em>μ</em><sup>-</sup>. In the transition state involving the virtual particles (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><em>γ</em></span>, W± and Z<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>) before the decay, b<sub>7</sub> and b<sub>8</sub> emerge to form the binary isotope mixture from B. The rates of emergence as the rates of diffuse in Graham’s law of diffusion are proportional to inverse square root of mass. The rate ratio between b<sub>8</sub>/b<sub>7</sub> is (4979/143,258)<sup>1/2</sup> = 0.1864. Since b<sub>7</sub> decays into K<sup>+</sup>, e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup>, and <em>μ</em><sup>+</sup><em>μ</em><sup>-</sup>, while b<sub>8</sub> decays into K<sup>+</sup>, e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup>, and forbidden <em>μ</em><sup>+</sup><em>μ</em><sup>-</sup>, the calculated ratio (RK) of branching fractions for B<sup>+</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">→</span> K<sup>+</sup><em>μ</em><sup>+</sup><em>μ</em><sup>-</sup> and B<sup>+</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">→</span> K<sup>+</sup>e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>- </sup>is 0.5/(0.1864 × 0.5+ 0.5) = 0.843 in excellent agreement with the observed 0.846. The agreement between the calculated RK and the observed RK confirms the validity of the periodic table of elementary particles which provides the answers for the dominance of matter over antimatter, dark-matter, and the mass hierarchy of elementary particles.
文摘The Beijing Spectrometer(BESIII)collaboration has reported the world’s first observation of the decay D+→τ+ν,which is the second type of pure leptonic decay of the D+meson,in a newly published Physical Review Letters paper.The paper has been highlighted by the journal as an"Editors’Suggestion."
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12375074, 11805081)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(ZR2019QA021)。
文摘Heavy neutral leptons N are the most appealing candidates to generate tiny neutrino masses.We studied the signature of heavy neutral leptons in gauged U(1)Lμ-Lτ at a muon collider.Charged under the U(1)Lμ-Lτ symmetry,the heavy neutral leptons can be pair produced via the new gauge boson Z' at the muon collider as μ^(+)μ^(-)→Z′*→NN AND μ^(+)μ^(-)→Z′(*)γ→NNγ.We then performed a detailed analysis on the lepton number violation signature μ^(+)μ^(-)→NN→μ^(±)μ^(±)W■W■ and μ^(+)μ^(-)→NN→μ^(±)μ^(±)W■W■γ at the 3 TeV muon collider,where the hadronic decays of W boson are treated as fat-jets J.These lepton number violation signatures have quite clean backgrounds at the muon collider.Our simulation shows that a wide range of viable parameter space is within the reach of the 3 TeV muon collider.For instance,with new gauge coupling g'=0.6 and an integrated luminosity of 1000 fb^(-1),the μ^(±)μ^(±)JJ signal could probe m_(Z′)■13 TeV.Meanwhile,if the gauge boson mass satisfies 2m_(N)<√s,the μ^(±)μ^(±)JJγ signature would be more promising than the μ^(±)μ^(±)JJ signature.
