There are multiple operating modes in the real industrial process, and the collected data follow the complex multimodal distribution, so most traditional process monitoring methods are no longer applicable because the...There are multiple operating modes in the real industrial process, and the collected data follow the complex multimodal distribution, so most traditional process monitoring methods are no longer applicable because their presumptions are that sampled-data should obey the single Gaussian distribution or non-Gaussian distribution. In order to solve these problems, a novel weighted local standardization(WLS) strategy is proposed to standardize the multimodal data, which can eliminate the multi-mode characteristics of the collected data, and normalize them into unimodal data distribution. After detailed analysis of the raised data preprocessing strategy, a new algorithm using WLS strategy with support vector data description(SVDD) is put forward to apply for multi-mode monitoring process. Unlike the strategy of building multiple local models, the developed method only contains a model without the prior knowledge of multi-mode process. To demonstrate the proposed method's validity, it is applied to a numerical example and a Tennessee Eastman(TE) process. Finally, the simulation results show that the WLS strategy is very effective to standardize multimodal data, and the WLS-SVDD monitoring method has great advantages over the traditional SVDD and PCA combined with a local standardization strategy(LNS-PCA) in multi-mode process monitoring.展开更多
Complex industrial process often contains multiple operating modes, and the challenge of multimode process monitoring has recently gained much attention. However, most multivariate statistical process monitoring (MSPM...Complex industrial process often contains multiple operating modes, and the challenge of multimode process monitoring has recently gained much attention. However, most multivariate statistical process monitoring (MSPM) methods are based on the assumption that the process has only one nominal mode. When the process data contain different distributions, they may not function as well as in single mode processes. To address this issue, an improved partial least squares (IPLS) method was proposed for multimode process monitoring. By utilizing a novel local standardization strategy, the normal data in multiple modes could be centralized after being standardized and the fundamental assumption of partial least squares (PLS) could be valid again in multimode process. In this way, PLS method was extended to be suitable for not only single mode processes but also multimode processes. The efficiency of the proposed method was illustrated by comparing the monitoring results of PLS and IPLS in Tennessee Eastman(TE) process.展开更多
Many MNCs have established China centres to coordinate and control their operations in the country. The paper describes the standardization and localization in HRM practices of MNCs in China. It tries to analyse the d...Many MNCs have established China centres to coordinate and control their operations in the country. The paper describes the standardization and localization in HRM practices of MNCs in China. It tries to analyse the degree of standardization or localization of HRM policies for MNCs in China, in the terms of recruitment and selection, training and development, performance appraisal, compensation and promotion.展开更多
In China, 10 ethnic minorities with a combined population of over 20 million people are followers of Islam. In Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the population is nearly 6 million, a-mong which the Islamic population is ...In China, 10 ethnic minorities with a combined population of over 20 million people are followers of Islam. In Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the population is nearly 6 million, a-mong which the Islamic population is about 2 million. In China as a whole, more than 20 million people enjoy eating food prepared according to Islamic guidelines, known as hal'al food.展开更多
Santomean pig farmer Simao Vicente was hopeful when he came to ask Zou Rui for help. His pig was suffering from hernia, and Zou, a 42-year-old Chinese agricultural expert working in Sao Tomé and Príncipe, wa...Santomean pig farmer Simao Vicente was hopeful when he came to ask Zou Rui for help. His pig was suffering from hernia, and Zou, a 42-year-old Chinese agricultural expert working in Sao Tomé and Príncipe, was the only person on the island who could provide emergency surgery.展开更多
The ambient air quality standard(AAQS)is a vital policy instrument for protecting the environment and human health.Hainan Province is at the forefront of China's efforts to protect its ecological environment,with ...The ambient air quality standard(AAQS)is a vital policy instrument for protecting the environment and human health.Hainan Province is at the forefront of China's efforts to protect its ecological environment,with an official goal to achieve world-leading air quality by 2035.However,neither the national AAQS nor the World Health Organization guideline offers sufficient guidance for improving air quality in Hainan because Hainan has well met the former while the latter is excessively stringent.Consequently,the establishment of Hainan's local AAQS becomes imperative.Nonetheless,research regarding the development of local AAQS is scarce,especially in comparatively more polluted countries such as China.The relatively high background values and significant interannual fluctuations in air pollutant concentrations in Hainan present challenges in the development of local AAQS.Our research proposes a world-class local AAQS of Hainan Province by reviewing the AAQS in major countries or regions worldwide,analyzing the influence of different statistical forms,and carefully evaluating the attainability of the standard.In the proposed AAQS,the annual mean concentration limit for PM2.5,the annual 95th percentile of daily maximum 8-h mean(MDA8)concentration limit for O_(3),and the peak season concentration limit for O_(3) are set at 10,120,and 85μg/m^(3),respectively.Our study indicates that,with effective control policies,Hainan is projected to achieve compliance with the new standard by 2035.The implementation of the local AAQS is estimated to avoid 1,526(1,253–1,789)and 259(132–501)premature deaths attributable to longterm exposure to PM2.5 and O_(3) in Hainan in 2035,respectively.展开更多
In order to enhance the image contrast and quality, inspired by the interesting observation that an increase in noise intensity tends to narrow the dynamic range of the local standard deviation (LSD) of an image, a tr...In order to enhance the image contrast and quality, inspired by the interesting observation that an increase in noise intensity tends to narrow the dynamic range of the local standard deviation (LSD) of an image, a tree-structured group sparse optimization model in the wavelet domain is proposed for image denoising. The compressed dynamic range of LSD caused by noise leads to a contrast reduction in the image, as well as the degradation of image quality. To equalize the LSD distribution, sparsity on the LSD matrix is enforced by employing a mixed norm as a regularizer in the image denoising model. This mixed norm introduces a coupling between wavelet coefficients and provides a tree-structured group scheme. The alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) and the fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm (FISTA) are applied to solve the group sparse model based on different cases. Several experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model. The experimental results indicate that the proposed group sparse model can efficiently equalize the LSD distribution and therefore can improve the image contrast and quality.展开更多
With regard to the rapid growth of China’s building area and the increasing energy consumption of buildings, green buildings have become an important issue for balancing economic development and environmental impact....With regard to the rapid growth of China’s building area and the increasing energy consumption of buildings, green buildings have become an important issue for balancing economic development and environmental impact. However, the current evaluation systems for various types of green buildings are often unable to achieve a set of standards in practice due to the distinct regional characteristics of each region. Therefore, in view of the regional characteristics of the climate, terrain, ecology, and economic development in the cold regions of Sichuan, it is important to study the evaluation system of green residential buildings suitable for the cold regions of Sichuan. This article focuses on the regional characteristics of climate, topography, ecology, and economic development in the cold regions of Sichuan, and discusses the limitations of the current standards on the practice of green building in cold regions of Sichuan through a sociological questionnaire survey on the comfort of living in the local population. Then from the two dimensions of the advantages of traditional houses and the particularity of national culture, the strategies for the optimization and improvement of the evaluation index system for green residential buildings in the cold regions of Sichuan were proposed. After comprehensively considering the factors that affect the green residential buildings, including the regional characteristics of the cold regions of Sichuan, and the green performance of buildings, local characteristics and ethnic features were included in the evaluation system. The evaluation index system of green residential buildings in the cold regions of Sichuan, consists of 92 three-level indicators. A professional hierarchical analysis software yaahp was used to establish a multi-level hierarchical model between the indicators, and the indicators were compared with each other layer by layer to clarify the importance of the indicators. Based on this, a judgment matrix for each layer was constructed and obtained. The weight of each indicator is accurate, and the scoring mechanism and grading standards are constructed according to it. Through the calculation, the consistency test of the entire model was passed, thereby confirming the scientificity and rationality of the entire evaluation system.展开更多
Let Mn be a smooth closed n-manifold with a locally standard （Z2）n-action. This paper deals with the relationship among the rood 2 Betti numbers of Mn, the mod 2 Betti numbers and the h-vector of the orbit space of ...Let Mn be a smooth closed n-manifold with a locally standard （Z2）n-action. This paper deals with the relationship among the rood 2 Betti numbers of Mn, the mod 2 Betti numbers and the h-vector of the orbit space of the action.展开更多
基金Project(61374140)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘There are multiple operating modes in the real industrial process, and the collected data follow the complex multimodal distribution, so most traditional process monitoring methods are no longer applicable because their presumptions are that sampled-data should obey the single Gaussian distribution or non-Gaussian distribution. In order to solve these problems, a novel weighted local standardization(WLS) strategy is proposed to standardize the multimodal data, which can eliminate the multi-mode characteristics of the collected data, and normalize them into unimodal data distribution. After detailed analysis of the raised data preprocessing strategy, a new algorithm using WLS strategy with support vector data description(SVDD) is put forward to apply for multi-mode monitoring process. Unlike the strategy of building multiple local models, the developed method only contains a model without the prior knowledge of multi-mode process. To demonstrate the proposed method's validity, it is applied to a numerical example and a Tennessee Eastman(TE) process. Finally, the simulation results show that the WLS strategy is very effective to standardize multimodal data, and the WLS-SVDD monitoring method has great advantages over the traditional SVDD and PCA combined with a local standardization strategy(LNS-PCA) in multi-mode process monitoring.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China ( No. 61074079) Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project,China ( No.B504)
文摘Complex industrial process often contains multiple operating modes, and the challenge of multimode process monitoring has recently gained much attention. However, most multivariate statistical process monitoring (MSPM) methods are based on the assumption that the process has only one nominal mode. When the process data contain different distributions, they may not function as well as in single mode processes. To address this issue, an improved partial least squares (IPLS) method was proposed for multimode process monitoring. By utilizing a novel local standardization strategy, the normal data in multiple modes could be centralized after being standardized and the fundamental assumption of partial least squares (PLS) could be valid again in multimode process. In this way, PLS method was extended to be suitable for not only single mode processes but also multimode processes. The efficiency of the proposed method was illustrated by comparing the monitoring results of PLS and IPLS in Tennessee Eastman(TE) process.
文摘Many MNCs have established China centres to coordinate and control their operations in the country. The paper describes the standardization and localization in HRM practices of MNCs in China. It tries to analyse the degree of standardization or localization of HRM policies for MNCs in China, in the terms of recruitment and selection, training and development, performance appraisal, compensation and promotion.
文摘In China, 10 ethnic minorities with a combined population of over 20 million people are followers of Islam. In Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the population is nearly 6 million, a-mong which the Islamic population is about 2 million. In China as a whole, more than 20 million people enjoy eating food prepared according to Islamic guidelines, known as hal'al food.
文摘Santomean pig farmer Simao Vicente was hopeful when he came to ask Zou Rui for help. His pig was suffering from hernia, and Zou, a 42-year-old Chinese agricultural expert working in Sao Tomé and Príncipe, was the only person on the island who could provide emergency surgery.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3700702)the Energy Foundation,and the Tsinghua-Toyota Joint Research Institute Inter-disciplinary Program.
文摘The ambient air quality standard(AAQS)is a vital policy instrument for protecting the environment and human health.Hainan Province is at the forefront of China's efforts to protect its ecological environment,with an official goal to achieve world-leading air quality by 2035.However,neither the national AAQS nor the World Health Organization guideline offers sufficient guidance for improving air quality in Hainan because Hainan has well met the former while the latter is excessively stringent.Consequently,the establishment of Hainan's local AAQS becomes imperative.Nonetheless,research regarding the development of local AAQS is scarce,especially in comparatively more polluted countries such as China.The relatively high background values and significant interannual fluctuations in air pollutant concentrations in Hainan present challenges in the development of local AAQS.Our research proposes a world-class local AAQS of Hainan Province by reviewing the AAQS in major countries or regions worldwide,analyzing the influence of different statistical forms,and carefully evaluating the attainability of the standard.In the proposed AAQS,the annual mean concentration limit for PM2.5,the annual 95th percentile of daily maximum 8-h mean(MDA8)concentration limit for O_(3),and the peak season concentration limit for O_(3) are set at 10,120,and 85μg/m^(3),respectively.Our study indicates that,with effective control policies,Hainan is projected to achieve compliance with the new standard by 2035.The implementation of the local AAQS is estimated to avoid 1,526(1,253–1,789)and 259(132–501)premature deaths attributable to longterm exposure to PM2.5 and O_(3) in Hainan in 2035,respectively.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61701004,11504003)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(No.1708085QA15)
文摘In order to enhance the image contrast and quality, inspired by the interesting observation that an increase in noise intensity tends to narrow the dynamic range of the local standard deviation (LSD) of an image, a tree-structured group sparse optimization model in the wavelet domain is proposed for image denoising. The compressed dynamic range of LSD caused by noise leads to a contrast reduction in the image, as well as the degradation of image quality. To equalize the LSD distribution, sparsity on the LSD matrix is enforced by employing a mixed norm as a regularizer in the image denoising model. This mixed norm introduces a coupling between wavelet coefficients and provides a tree-structured group scheme. The alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) and the fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm (FISTA) are applied to solve the group sparse model based on different cases. Several experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model. The experimental results indicate that the proposed group sparse model can efficiently equalize the LSD distribution and therefore can improve the image contrast and quality.
文摘With regard to the rapid growth of China’s building area and the increasing energy consumption of buildings, green buildings have become an important issue for balancing economic development and environmental impact. However, the current evaluation systems for various types of green buildings are often unable to achieve a set of standards in practice due to the distinct regional characteristics of each region. Therefore, in view of the regional characteristics of the climate, terrain, ecology, and economic development in the cold regions of Sichuan, it is important to study the evaluation system of green residential buildings suitable for the cold regions of Sichuan. This article focuses on the regional characteristics of climate, topography, ecology, and economic development in the cold regions of Sichuan, and discusses the limitations of the current standards on the practice of green building in cold regions of Sichuan through a sociological questionnaire survey on the comfort of living in the local population. Then from the two dimensions of the advantages of traditional houses and the particularity of national culture, the strategies for the optimization and improvement of the evaluation index system for green residential buildings in the cold regions of Sichuan were proposed. After comprehensively considering the factors that affect the green residential buildings, including the regional characteristics of the cold regions of Sichuan, and the green performance of buildings, local characteristics and ethnic features were included in the evaluation system. The evaluation index system of green residential buildings in the cold regions of Sichuan, consists of 92 three-level indicators. A professional hierarchical analysis software yaahp was used to establish a multi-level hierarchical model between the indicators, and the indicators were compared with each other layer by layer to clarify the importance of the indicators. Based on this, a judgment matrix for each layer was constructed and obtained. The weight of each indicator is accurate, and the scoring mechanism and grading standards are constructed according to it. Through the calculation, the consistency test of the entire model was passed, thereby confirming the scientificity and rationality of the entire evaluation system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10931005)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20100071110001)
文摘Let Mn be a smooth closed n-manifold with a locally standard （Z2）n-action. This paper deals with the relationship among the rood 2 Betti numbers of Mn, the mod 2 Betti numbers and the h-vector of the orbit space of the action.
