We measured macro-bending losses for two large mode area photonic crystal fibers. Experimental results show that macro-bending loss and loss window are dependent on the parameter d/∧ and number of air-holes ring in t...We measured macro-bending losses for two large mode area photonic crystal fibers. Experimental results show that macro-bending loss and loss window are dependent on the parameter d/∧ and number of air-holes ring in the cladding.展开更多
BACKGROUND Our study contributes to the further understanding of the mechanism of foot reflexology.Foot reflexology has been reported to affect hearing recovery,but no physiological evidence has been provided.This lac...BACKGROUND Our study contributes to the further understanding of the mechanism of foot reflexology.Foot reflexology has been reported to affect hearing recovery,but no physiological evidence has been provided.This lack of evidence hampers the acceptance of the technique in clinical practice.CASE SUMMARY A girl was taken to North Sichuan Medical University Affiliated Hospital for a hearing screen by her parents.Her parents reported that her hearing level was the same as when she was born.The girl was diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss(SNHL)by a doctor in the otolaryngology department.After we introduced the foot reflexology project,the parents agreed to participate in the experiment.After 6 months of foot reflexology treatment,the hearing threshold of the girl recovered to a normal level,below 30 dB.CONCLUSION Foot reflexology should be encouraged in clinical practice and for families of infants with SNHL.展开更多
Sweat loss monitoring is important for understanding the body’s thermoregulation and hydration status,as well as for comprehensive sweat analysis.Despite recent advances,developing a low-cost,scalable,and universal m...Sweat loss monitoring is important for understanding the body’s thermoregulation and hydration status,as well as for comprehensive sweat analysis.Despite recent advances,developing a low-cost,scalable,and universal method for the fabrication of colorimetric microfluidics designed for sweat loss monitoring remains challenging.In this study,we propose a novel laserengraved surface roughening strategy for various flexible substrates.This process permits the construction of microchannels that show distinct structural reflectance changes before and after sweat filling.By leveraging these unique optical properties,we have developed a fully laser-engraved microfluidic device for the quantification of naked-eye sweat loss.This sweat loss sensor is capable of a volume resolution of 0.5µL and a total volume capacity of 11µL,and can be customized to meet different performance requirements.Moreover,we report the development of a crosstalk-free dual-mode sweat microfluidic system that integrates an Ag/AgCl chloride sensor and a matching wireless measurement flexible printed circuit board.This integrated system enables the real-time monitoring of colorimetric sweat loss signals and potential ion concentration signals without crosstalk.Finally,we demonstrate the potential practical use of this microfluidic sweat loss sensor and its integrated system for sports medicine via on-body studies.展开更多
Hereditary hearing loss(HHL),a genetic disorder that impairs auditory function,significantly affects quality of life and incurs substantial economic losses for society.To investigate the underlying causes of HHL and e...Hereditary hearing loss(HHL),a genetic disorder that impairs auditory function,significantly affects quality of life and incurs substantial economic losses for society.To investigate the underlying causes of HHL and evaluate therapeutic outcomes,appropriate animal models are necessary.Pigs have been extensively used as valuable large animal models in biomedical research.In this review,we highlight the advantages of pig models in terms of ear anatomy,inner ear morphology,and electrophysiological characteristics,as well as recent advancements in the development of distinct genetically modified porcine models of hearing loss.Additionally,we discuss the prospects,challenges,and recommendations regarding the use pig models in HHL research.Overall,this review provides insights and perspectives for future studies on HHL using porcine models.展开更多
To quantify the relative contributions of Arctic sea ice and unforced atmospheric internal variability to the “warm Arctic, cold East Asia”(WACE) teleconnection, this study analyses three sets of large-ensemble simu...To quantify the relative contributions of Arctic sea ice and unforced atmospheric internal variability to the “warm Arctic, cold East Asia”(WACE) teleconnection, this study analyses three sets of large-ensemble simulations carried out by the Norwegian Earth System Model with a coupled atmosphere–land surface model, forced by seasonal sea ice conditions from preindustrial, present-day, and future periods. Each ensemble member within the same set uses the same forcing but with small perturbations to the atmospheric initial state. Hence, the difference between the present-day(or future) ensemble mean and the preindustrial ensemble mean provides the ice-loss-induced response, while the difference of the individual members within the present-day(or future) set is the effect of atmospheric internal variability. Results indicate that both present-day and future sea ice loss can force a negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation with a WACE pattern in winter. The magnitude of ice-induced Arctic warming is over four(ten) times larger than the ice-induced East Asian cooling in the present-day(future) experiment;the latter having a magnitude that is about 30% of the observed cooling. Sea ice loss contributes about 60%(80%) to the Arctic winter warming in the present-day(future) experiment. Atmospheric internal variability can also induce a WACE pattern with comparable magnitudes between the Arctic and East Asia. Ice-lossinduced East Asian cooling can easily be masked by atmospheric internal variability effects because random atmospheric internal variability may induce a larger magnitude warming. The observed WACE pattern occurs as a result of both Arctic sea ice loss and atmospheric internal variability, with the former dominating Arctic warming and the latter dominating East Asian cooling.展开更多
In this paper, the Automated Actuarial Loss Reserving Model is developed and extended using machine learning. The traditional actuarial reserving techniques are no longer compatible with the increase in technological ...In this paper, the Automated Actuarial Loss Reserving Model is developed and extended using machine learning. The traditional actuarial reserving techniques are no longer compatible with the increase in technological advancement currently at hand. As a result, the development of the alternative Artificial Intelligence Based Automated Actuarial Loss Reserving Methodology which captures diverse risk profiles for various policyholders through augmenting the Micro Finance services, Auto Insurance Services and Both Services lines of business on the same platform through the computation of the Comprehensive Automated Actuarial Loss Reserves (CAALR) has been implemented in this paper. The introduction of the four further types of actuarial loss reserves to those existing in the actuarial literature seems to significantly reduce lapse rates, reduce the reinsurance costs as well as expenses and outgo. As a matter of consequence, this helps to bring together a combination of new and existing policyholders in the insurance company. The frequency severity models have been extended in this paper using ten machine learning algorithms which ultimately leads to the derivation of the proposed machine learning-based actuarial loss reserving model which remarkably performed well when compared to the traditional chain ladder actuarial reserving method using simulated data.展开更多
BACKGROUND The common clinical method to evaluate blood loss during pancreaticoduoden-ectomy(PD)is visual inspection,but most scholars believe that this method is extremely subjective and inaccurate.Currently,there is...BACKGROUND The common clinical method to evaluate blood loss during pancreaticoduoden-ectomy(PD)is visual inspection,but most scholars believe that this method is extremely subjective and inaccurate.Currently,there is no accurate,objective me-thod to evaluate the amount of blood loss in PD patients.We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 341 patients who underwent PD in Shandong Provincial Hospital from March 2017 to February 2019.According to different surgical methods,they were divided into an open PD(OPD)group and a laparoscopic PD(LPD)group.The differences and correlations between the in-traoperative estimation of blood loss(IEBL)obtained by visual inspection and the intraoperative calculation of blood loss(ICBL)obtained using the Hb loss method were analyzed.ICBL,IEBL and perioperative calculation of blood loss(PCBL)were compared between the two groups,and single-factor regression analysis was performed.RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in the preoperative general patient information between the two groups(P>0.05).PD had an ICBL of 743.2(393.0,1173.1)mL and an IEBL of 100.0(50.0,300.0)mL(P<0.001).There was also a certain correlation between the two(r=0.312,P<0.001).Single-factor analysis of ICBL showed that a history of diabetes[95%confidence interval(CI):53.82-549.62;P=0.017]was an independent risk factor for ICBL.In addition,the single-factor analysis of PCBL showed that body mass index(BMI)(95%CI:0.62-76.75;P=0.046)and preoperative total bilirubin>200μmol/L(95%CI:7.09-644.26;P=0.045)were independent risk factors for PCBL.The ICBLs of the LPD group and OPD group were 767.7(435.4,1249.0)mL and 663.8(347.7,1138.2)mL,respectively(P>0.05).The IEBL of the LPD group 200.0(50.0,200.0)mL was slightly greater than that of the OPD group 100.0(50.0,300.0)mL(P>0.05).PCBL was greater in the LPD group than the OPD group[1061.6(612.3,1632.3)mL vs 806.1(375.9,1347.6)mL](P<0.05).CONCLUSION The ICBL in patients who underwent PD was greater than the IEBL,but there is a certain correlation between the two.The Hb loss method can be used to evaluate intraoperative blood loss.A history of diabetes,preoperative bilirubin>200μmol/L and high BMI increase the patient's risk of bleeding.展开更多
Aminoglycosides are a widely used class of antibacterials renowned for their effectiveness and broad antimicrobial spectrum.However,their use leads to irreversible hearing damage by causing apoptosis of hair cells as ...Aminoglycosides are a widely used class of antibacterials renowned for their effectiveness and broad antimicrobial spectrum.However,their use leads to irreversible hearing damage by causing apoptosis of hair cells as their direct target.In addition,the hearing damage caused by aminoglycosides involves damage of spiral ganglion neurons upon exposure.To investigate the mechanisms underlying spiral ganglion neuron degeneration induced by aminoglycosides,we used a C57BL/6J mouse model treated with kanamycin.We found that the mice exhibited auditory deficits following the acute loss of outer hair cells.Spiral ganglion neurons displayed hallmarks of pyroptosis and exhibited progressive degeneration over time.Transcriptomic profiling of these neurons showed significant upregulation of genes associated with inflammation and immune response,particularly those related to the NLRP3 inflammasome.Activation of the canonical pyroptotic pathway in spiral ganglion neurons was observed,accompanied by infiltration of macrophages and the release of proinflammatory cytokines.Pharmacological intervention targeting NLRP3 using Mcc950 and genetic intervention using NLRP3 knockout ameliorated spiral ganglion neuron degeneration in the injury model.These findings suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis plays a role in aminoglycoside-induced spiral ganglion neuron degeneration.Inhibition of this pathway may offer a potential therapeutic strategy for treating sensorineural hearing loss by reducing spiral ganglion neuron degeneration.展开更多
This editorial critically evaluates the application of foot reflexology as a treatment for sensorineural hearing loss(SNHL)in infants,as proposed in a case report published in the World of Clinical Cases.SNHL is a con...This editorial critically evaluates the application of foot reflexology as a treatment for sensorineural hearing loss(SNHL)in infants,as proposed in a case report published in the World of Clinical Cases.SNHL is a condition characterized by damage to the cochlea or the neural pathways that transmit auditory information to the brain.The etiology of SNHL is often complex,involving genetic mutations,prenatal factors,or perinatal insults.Reflexology,an alternative therapy involving the application of pressure to specific points on the feet,is based on the hypothesis that these points correspond to different organs and systems in the body,including the auditory system.However,the biological plausibility and clinical efficacy of foot reflexology in addressing SNHL lack empirical support.This editorial examines the pathophysiology of SNHL,assesses the clinical claims of reflexology practitioners,and emphasizes the necessity of evidence-based approaches in treating infant hearing loss.While complementary therapies may provide ancillary benefits,they should not supplant validated medical treatments in managing SNHL in infants.Further research is needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of foot reflexology and other alternative therapies in pediatric audiology.展开更多
Effects of plasma equilibrium parameters on the alpha particle loss with the toroidal field ripple based on the CFETR steady-state scenario have been numerically investigated by the orbit-following code GYCAVA. It is ...Effects of plasma equilibrium parameters on the alpha particle loss with the toroidal field ripple based on the CFETR steady-state scenario have been numerically investigated by the orbit-following code GYCAVA. It is found that alpha particle losses decrease and loss regions become narrower with the plasma current increasing or with the magnetic field decreasing. It is because the ripple stochastic transport and the ripple well loss of alpha particle are reduced with the safety factor decreasing. Decrease of the plasma density and temperature can reduce alpha particle losses due to enhancement of the slowing-down effect. The direction of the toroidal magnetic field can significantly affect heat loads induced by lost alpha particle. The vertical asymmetry of heat loads induced by the clockwise and counter-clockwise toroidal magnetic fields are due to the fact that the ripple distribution is asymmetric about the mid-plane, which can be explained by the typical orbits of alpha particle. The maximal heat load of alpha particle for the clockwise toroidal magnetic field is much smaller than that for the counter-clockwise one.展开更多
Hearing loss is the third leading cause of human disability.Age-related hearing loss,one type of acquired sensorineural hearing loss,is largely responsible for this escalating global health burden.Noise-induced,ototox...Hearing loss is the third leading cause of human disability.Age-related hearing loss,one type of acquired sensorineural hearing loss,is largely responsible for this escalating global health burden.Noise-induced,ototoxic,and idiopathic sudden sensorineural are other less common types of acquired hearing loss.The etiology of these conditions is complex and multi-fa ctorial involving an interplay of genetic and environmental factors.Oxidative stress has recently been proposed as a likely linking cause in most types of acquired sensorineural hearing loss.Short non-coding RNA sequences known as microRNAs(miRNAs)have increasingly been shown to play a role in cellular hypoxia and oxidative stress responses including promoting an apoptotic response.Sensory hair cell death is a central histopathological finding in sensorineural hearing loss.As these cells do not regenerate in humans,it underlies the irreversibility of human age-related hearing loss.Ovid EMBASE,Ovid MEDLINE,Web of Science Core Collection,and ClinicalTrials.gov databases over the period August 1,2018 to July 31,2023 were searched with"hearing loss,""hypoxamiRs,""hypoxia,""microRNAs,""ischemia,"and"oxidative stress"text words for English language primary study publications or registered clinical trials.Registe red clinical trials known to the senior author we re also assessed.A total of 222studies were thus identified.After excluding duplicates,editorials,retra ctions,secondary research studies,and non-English language articles,39 primary studies and clinical trials underwent full-text screening.This resulted in 11 animal,in vitro,and/or human subject journal articles and 8 registered clinical trial database entries which form the basis of this narrative review.MiRNAs miR-34a and miR-29b levels increase with age in mice.These miRNAs were demonstrated in human neuroblastoma and murine cochlear cell lines to target Sirtuin 1/peroxisome proliferato r-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1-alpha(SIRT1/P GC-1α),SIRT1p53,and SIRT1/hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha signaling pathways resulting in increased apoptosis.Furthermore,hypoxia and oxidative stress had a similar adve rse apoptotic effect,which was inhibited by resve ratrol and a myocardial inhibitorassociated transcript,a miR-29b competing endogenous mRNA.Gentamicin reduced miR-182-5p levels and increased cochlear oxidative stress and cell death in mice-an effect that was corrected by inner ear stem cell-derived exosomes.There is ongoing work seeking to determine if these findings can be effectively translated to humans.展开更多
The neutral beam injection is widely adopted in tokamaks as a key heating tool,playing a crucial role in generating burning plasmas.However,the loss of beam ions can damage the first wall and reduce the heating effici...The neutral beam injection is widely adopted in tokamaks as a key heating tool,playing a crucial role in generating burning plasmas.However,the loss of beam ions can damage the first wall and reduce the heating efficiency,resulting in failure to maintain steady-state conditions.In this work,the effect of neutral particles in the edge on fast ions generated by NBI in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST)device is studied using the particle tracer code(PTC).The poloidal distribution of neutral particles is calculated by edge plasma simulation code SOLPS-ITER.In this simulation,four beam lines in EAST are considered:co-current tangential(co-tang),co-current perpendicular(co-perp),counter-current tangential(ctr-tang)and counter-current perpendicular(ctr-perp).It is shown that,in the absence of neutral particles,the loss fraction of ctr-injection is considerably higher than that of the co-injection.When considering the neutral particles,it is found that the ctr-perp injection demonstrates a significant variation in particles loss fraction(ranging from 18.56%to 25.42%)compared to the other three injection configurations.In terms of the loss fraction induced by neutral particles,ctr-injection exceeds co-injection,and perpendicular configuration exceeds tangential configuration.Furthermore,the difference of charge exchange ratios of three different energy(full energy,half energy,one third energy)of the four injections can be attributed to variations in the poloidal trajectories associated with each of these injections.Moreover,approximately half of fast ions which undergo neutralization directly lose to the first wall while the rest re-enter the bulk plasma and re-ionize.Except for the ctr-tang injection,the reionization ions from the other three injections exhibit effective confinement.展开更多
During ultradeep oil and gas drilling,fluid loss reducers are highly important for water-based drilling fluids,while preparing high temperature-and salt-resistance fluid loss reducers with excellent rheology and filtr...During ultradeep oil and gas drilling,fluid loss reducers are highly important for water-based drilling fluids,while preparing high temperature-and salt-resistance fluid loss reducers with excellent rheology and filtration performance remains a challenge.Herein,a micro-crosslinked amphoteric hydrophobic association copolymer(i.e.,DADC)was synthesized using N,N-dimethyl acrylamide,diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride,2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid,hydrophobic monomer,and pentaerythritol triallyl ether crosslinker.Due to the synergistic effects of hydrogen bonds,electrostatic interaction,hydrophobic association,and micro-crosslinking,the DADC copolymer exhibited outstanding temperature-and salt-resistance.The rheological experiments have shown that the DADC copolymer had excellent shear dilution performance and a certain degree of salt-responsive viscosity-increasing performance.The DADC copolymer could effectively adsorb on the surface of bentonite particles through electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonds,which bring more negative charge to the bentonite,thus improving the hydration and dispersion of bentonite particles as well as the colloidal stability of the drilling fluids.Moreover,the drilling fluids constructed based on the DADC copolymer exhibited satisfactory rheological and filtration properties(FLHTHP=12 m L)after aging at high temperatures(up to200℃)and high salinity(saturated salt)environments.Therefore,this work provided new insights into designing and fabricating high-performance drilling fluid treatment agents,demonstrating good potential applications in deep and ultradeep drilling engineering.展开更多
Background: An independent relationship between tooth loss and hypertension appears to exist. Objectives: The aim of this study was to systematically review the relationship between tooth loss/number of teeth and hype...Background: An independent relationship between tooth loss and hypertension appears to exist. Objectives: The aim of this study was to systematically review the relationship between tooth loss/number of teeth and hypertension. Materials and Methods: This review was conducted based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Guidelines. We searched all the relevant studies in international databases of PubMed and Google Scholar search engines from January 2000 to December 2023. Results: Fourteen studies (11 cross sectionals, 2 descriptives and 1 Cohort) met the inclusion criteria for this review. Most cross-sectional studies showed that participants with more tooth loss exhibited a greater proportion of hypertension and higher systolic blood pressure than those with less tooth loss. Cohort study showed that the loss of 8 or more teeth was associated with a higher risk of developing hypertension. Descriptive studies reported that missing teeth were marginally significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusion: This study has revealed a significantly higher SBP in patients with fewer remaining teeth or more tooth loss. In addition, those with more tooth loss showed a higher risk of hypertension than those with less tooth loss.展开更多
Background A deterioration in the meat quality of broilers has attracted much more attention in recent years.L-malic acid(MA)is evidenced to decrease meat drip loss in broilers,but the underlying molecular mechanisms ...Background A deterioration in the meat quality of broilers has attracted much more attention in recent years.L-malic acid(MA)is evidenced to decrease meat drip loss in broilers,but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear.It’s also not sure whether the outputs obtained under experimental conditions can be obtained in a com-mercial condition.Here,we investigated the effects and mechanisms of dietary MA supplementation on chicken meat drip loss at large-scale rearing.Results Results showed that the growth performance and drip loss were improved by MA supplementation.Meat metabolome revealed that L-2-aminoadipic acid,β-aminoisobutyric acid,eicosapentaenoic acid,and nicotinamide,as well as amino acid metabolism pathways connected to the improvements of meat quality by MA addition.The transcriptome analysis further indicated that the effect of MA on drip loss was also related to the proper immune response,evidenced by the enhanced B cell receptor signaling pathway,NF-κB signaling pathway,TNF signaling pathway,and IL-17 signaling pathway.Conclusions We provided evidence that MA decreased chicken meat drip loss under commercial conditions.Metabolome and transcriptome revealed a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms.Together,MA could be used as a promising dietary supplement for enhancing the water-holding capacity of chicken meat.展开更多
Background: Obesity has become a serious global public health challenge, given that it leads to various adverse health outcomes that include cardiovascular illnesses, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. The World H...Background: Obesity has become a serious global public health challenge, given that it leads to various adverse health outcomes that include cardiovascular illnesses, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that, at the end of 2022, 1 out of every 8 individuals were obese, and that the global adult obesity rates have over doubled since 1990, even as the adolescent obesity rates have quadrupled. Thus, as of 2022, nearly 2.5 billion adults, aged 18 years and above, were overweight, with 890 million being obese. Obesity and overweight incidence rate has been gradually increasing over the years, presenting significant challenges to the healthcare systems throughout the globe. In this regard, the objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of lifestyle modifications (diet and physical activity) and pharmacotherapy in promoting weight loss and improving metabolic health in overweight adults. Methodology: To attain the above stated study objective, a systematic evaluation of previous studies was carried out, particularly studies that assessed the effectiveness and safety of lifestyle modifications (diet and physical activity) and pharmacotherapy in promoting weight loss and improving metabolic health in overweight adults. The authors have used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) in the selection of eligible studies for inclusion in the study. Results: The findings indicate that lifestyle interventions resulted in 5% - 10% weight reduction and significant improvements in metabolic indicators, while pharmacotherapy (GLP-1 receptor agonists) achieved up to 15% weight reduction and considerable metabolic health benefits. Further, comparative studies show lifestyle modifications provide overall health benefits, while medication is necessary for non-responders. Conclusion: Individualized treatment strategies are crucial, and further research is needed on long-term consequences and combination therapies.展开更多
The advent of Network Function Virtualization(NFV)and Service Function Chains(SFCs)unleashes the power of dynamic creation of network services using Virtual Network Functions(VNFs).This is of great interest to network...The advent of Network Function Virtualization(NFV)and Service Function Chains(SFCs)unleashes the power of dynamic creation of network services using Virtual Network Functions(VNFs).This is of great interest to network operators since poor service quality and resource wastage can potentially hurt their revenue in the long term.However,the study shows with a set of test-bed experiments that packet loss at certain positions(i.e.,different VNFs)in an SFC can cause various degrees of resource wastage and performance degradation because of repeated upstream processing and transmission of retransmitted packets.To overcome this challenge,this study focuses on resource scheduling and deployment of SFCs while considering packet loss positions.This study developed a novel SFC packet dropping cost model and formulated an SFC scheduling problem that aims to minimize overall packet dropping cost as a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming(MILP)and proved that it is NP-hard.In this study,Palos is proposed as an efficient scheme in exploiting the functional characteristics of VNFs and their positions in SFCs for scheduling resources and deployment to optimize packet dropping cost.Extensive experiment results show that Palos can achieve up to 42.73%improvement on packet dropping cost and up to 33.03%reduction on average SFC latency when compared with two other state-of-the-art schemes.展开更多
Copper is a microelement with important physiological functions in the body.However,the excess copper ion(Cu^(2+))may cause severe health problems,such as hair cell apoptosis and the resultant hearing loss.Therefore,t...Copper is a microelement with important physiological functions in the body.However,the excess copper ion(Cu^(2+))may cause severe health problems,such as hair cell apoptosis and the resultant hearing loss.Therefore,the assay of Cu^(2+)is important.We integrate ionic imprinting technology(IIT)and structurally colored hydrogel beads to prepare chitosan-based ionically imprinted hydrogel beads(IIHBs)as a low-cost and high-specificity platform for Cu^(2+)detection.The IIHBs have a macroporous microstructure,uniform size,vivid structural color,and magnetic responsiveness.When incubated in solution,IIHBs recognize Cu^(2+)and exhibit a reflective peak change,thereby achieving label-free detection.In addition,benefiting from the IIT,the IIHBs display good specificity and selectivity and have an imprinting factor of 19.14 at 100μmol·L^(-1).These features indicated that the developed IIHBs are promising candidates for Cu^(2+)detection,particularly for the prevention of hearing loss.展开更多
Due to the complexity and variability of carbonate formation leakage zones, lost circulation prediction and control is one of the major challenges of carbonate drilling. It raises well-control risks and production exp...Due to the complexity and variability of carbonate formation leakage zones, lost circulation prediction and control is one of the major challenges of carbonate drilling. It raises well-control risks and production expenses. This research utilizes the H oilfield as an example, employs seismic features to analyze mud loss prediction, and produces a complete set of pre-drilling mud loss prediction solutions. Firstly, 16seismic attributes are calculated based on the post-stack seismic data, and the mud loss rate per unit footage is specified. The sample set is constructed by extracting each attribute from the seismic trace surrounding 15 typical wells, with a ratio of 8:2 between the training set and the test set. With the calibration results for mud loss rate per unit footage, the nonlinear mapping relationship between seismic attributes and mud loss rate per unit size is established using the mixed density network model.Then, the influence of the number of sub-Gausses and the uncertainty coefficient on the model's prediction is evaluated. Finally, the model is used in conjunction with downhole drilling conditions to assess the risk of mud loss in various layers and along the wellbore trajectory. The study demonstrates that the mean relative errors of the model for training data and test data are 6.9% and 7.5%, respectively, and that R2is 90% and 88%, respectively, for training data and test data. The accuracy and efficacy of mud loss prediction may be greatly enhanced by combining 16 seismic attributes with the mud loss rate per unit footage and applying machine learning methods. The mud loss prediction model based on the MDN model can not only predict the mud loss rate but also objectively evaluate the prediction based on the quality of the data and the model.展开更多
文摘We measured macro-bending losses for two large mode area photonic crystal fibers. Experimental results show that macro-bending loss and loss window are dependent on the parameter d/∧ and number of air-holes ring in the cladding.
基金Graduate Student Project of Xi’an International Studies University,No.2021BS012Nanchong City-Universities Project,No.22SXCXTD0004.
文摘BACKGROUND Our study contributes to the further understanding of the mechanism of foot reflexology.Foot reflexology has been reported to affect hearing recovery,but no physiological evidence has been provided.This lack of evidence hampers the acceptance of the technique in clinical practice.CASE SUMMARY A girl was taken to North Sichuan Medical University Affiliated Hospital for a hearing screen by her parents.Her parents reported that her hearing level was the same as when she was born.The girl was diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss(SNHL)by a doctor in the otolaryngology department.After we introduced the foot reflexology project,the parents agreed to participate in the experiment.After 6 months of foot reflexology treatment,the hearing threshold of the girl recovered to a normal level,below 30 dB.CONCLUSION Foot reflexology should be encouraged in clinical practice and for families of infants with SNHL.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62174152)。
文摘Sweat loss monitoring is important for understanding the body’s thermoregulation and hydration status,as well as for comprehensive sweat analysis.Despite recent advances,developing a low-cost,scalable,and universal method for the fabrication of colorimetric microfluidics designed for sweat loss monitoring remains challenging.In this study,we propose a novel laserengraved surface roughening strategy for various flexible substrates.This process permits the construction of microchannels that show distinct structural reflectance changes before and after sweat filling.By leveraging these unique optical properties,we have developed a fully laser-engraved microfluidic device for the quantification of naked-eye sweat loss.This sweat loss sensor is capable of a volume resolution of 0.5µL and a total volume capacity of 11µL,and can be customized to meet different performance requirements.Moreover,we report the development of a crosstalk-free dual-mode sweat microfluidic system that integrates an Ag/AgCl chloride sensor and a matching wireless measurement flexible printed circuit board.This integrated system enables the real-time monitoring of colorimetric sweat loss signals and potential ion concentration signals without crosstalk.Finally,we demonstrate the potential practical use of this microfluidic sweat loss sensor and its integrated system for sports medicine via on-body studies.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFA0805902,2022YFF0710703)National Natural Science Foundation of China (32201257)+1 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Project of Xiongan New Area (2022XAGG0121)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by the China Association for Science and Technology (2019QNRC001)。
文摘Hereditary hearing loss(HHL),a genetic disorder that impairs auditory function,significantly affects quality of life and incurs substantial economic losses for society.To investigate the underlying causes of HHL and evaluate therapeutic outcomes,appropriate animal models are necessary.Pigs have been extensively used as valuable large animal models in biomedical research.In this review,we highlight the advantages of pig models in terms of ear anatomy,inner ear morphology,and electrophysiological characteristics,as well as recent advancements in the development of distinct genetically modified porcine models of hearing loss.Additionally,we discuss the prospects,challenges,and recommendations regarding the use pig models in HHL research.Overall,this review provides insights and perspectives for future studies on HHL using porcine models.
基金supported by the Chinese-Norwegian Collaboration Projects within Climate Systems jointly funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2022YFE0106800)the Research Council of Norway funded project MAPARC (Grant No.328943)+2 种基金the support from the Research Council of Norway funded project BASIC (Grant No.325440)the Horizon 2020 project APPLICATE (Grant No.727862)High-performance computing and storage resources were performed on resources provided by Sigma2 - the National Infrastructure for High-Performance Computing and Data Storage in Norway (through projects NS8121K,NN8121K,NN2345K,NS2345K,NS9560K,NS9252K,and NS9034K)。
文摘To quantify the relative contributions of Arctic sea ice and unforced atmospheric internal variability to the “warm Arctic, cold East Asia”(WACE) teleconnection, this study analyses three sets of large-ensemble simulations carried out by the Norwegian Earth System Model with a coupled atmosphere–land surface model, forced by seasonal sea ice conditions from preindustrial, present-day, and future periods. Each ensemble member within the same set uses the same forcing but with small perturbations to the atmospheric initial state. Hence, the difference between the present-day(or future) ensemble mean and the preindustrial ensemble mean provides the ice-loss-induced response, while the difference of the individual members within the present-day(or future) set is the effect of atmospheric internal variability. Results indicate that both present-day and future sea ice loss can force a negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation with a WACE pattern in winter. The magnitude of ice-induced Arctic warming is over four(ten) times larger than the ice-induced East Asian cooling in the present-day(future) experiment;the latter having a magnitude that is about 30% of the observed cooling. Sea ice loss contributes about 60%(80%) to the Arctic winter warming in the present-day(future) experiment. Atmospheric internal variability can also induce a WACE pattern with comparable magnitudes between the Arctic and East Asia. Ice-lossinduced East Asian cooling can easily be masked by atmospheric internal variability effects because random atmospheric internal variability may induce a larger magnitude warming. The observed WACE pattern occurs as a result of both Arctic sea ice loss and atmospheric internal variability, with the former dominating Arctic warming and the latter dominating East Asian cooling.
文摘In this paper, the Automated Actuarial Loss Reserving Model is developed and extended using machine learning. The traditional actuarial reserving techniques are no longer compatible with the increase in technological advancement currently at hand. As a result, the development of the alternative Artificial Intelligence Based Automated Actuarial Loss Reserving Methodology which captures diverse risk profiles for various policyholders through augmenting the Micro Finance services, Auto Insurance Services and Both Services lines of business on the same platform through the computation of the Comprehensive Automated Actuarial Loss Reserves (CAALR) has been implemented in this paper. The introduction of the four further types of actuarial loss reserves to those existing in the actuarial literature seems to significantly reduce lapse rates, reduce the reinsurance costs as well as expenses and outgo. As a matter of consequence, this helps to bring together a combination of new and existing policyholders in the insurance company. The frequency severity models have been extended in this paper using ten machine learning algorithms which ultimately leads to the derivation of the proposed machine learning-based actuarial loss reserving model which remarkably performed well when compared to the traditional chain ladder actuarial reserving method using simulated data.
基金Supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation General Project,No.ZR2020MH248。
文摘BACKGROUND The common clinical method to evaluate blood loss during pancreaticoduoden-ectomy(PD)is visual inspection,but most scholars believe that this method is extremely subjective and inaccurate.Currently,there is no accurate,objective me-thod to evaluate the amount of blood loss in PD patients.We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 341 patients who underwent PD in Shandong Provincial Hospital from March 2017 to February 2019.According to different surgical methods,they were divided into an open PD(OPD)group and a laparoscopic PD(LPD)group.The differences and correlations between the in-traoperative estimation of blood loss(IEBL)obtained by visual inspection and the intraoperative calculation of blood loss(ICBL)obtained using the Hb loss method were analyzed.ICBL,IEBL and perioperative calculation of blood loss(PCBL)were compared between the two groups,and single-factor regression analysis was performed.RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in the preoperative general patient information between the two groups(P>0.05).PD had an ICBL of 743.2(393.0,1173.1)mL and an IEBL of 100.0(50.0,300.0)mL(P<0.001).There was also a certain correlation between the two(r=0.312,P<0.001).Single-factor analysis of ICBL showed that a history of diabetes[95%confidence interval(CI):53.82-549.62;P=0.017]was an independent risk factor for ICBL.In addition,the single-factor analysis of PCBL showed that body mass index(BMI)(95%CI:0.62-76.75;P=0.046)and preoperative total bilirubin>200μmol/L(95%CI:7.09-644.26;P=0.045)were independent risk factors for PCBL.The ICBLs of the LPD group and OPD group were 767.7(435.4,1249.0)mL and 663.8(347.7,1138.2)mL,respectively(P>0.05).The IEBL of the LPD group 200.0(50.0,200.0)mL was slightly greater than that of the OPD group 100.0(50.0,300.0)mL(P>0.05).PCBL was greater in the LPD group than the OPD group[1061.6(612.3,1632.3)mL vs 806.1(375.9,1347.6)mL](P<0.05).CONCLUSION The ICBL in patients who underwent PD was greater than the IEBL,but there is a certain correlation between the two.The Hb loss method can be used to evaluate intraoperative blood loss.A history of diabetes,preoperative bilirubin>200μmol/L and high BMI increase the patient's risk of bleeding.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81800919(to YX),82171140(to PW)the International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82020108008(to HS),81720108010(to SY).
文摘Aminoglycosides are a widely used class of antibacterials renowned for their effectiveness and broad antimicrobial spectrum.However,their use leads to irreversible hearing damage by causing apoptosis of hair cells as their direct target.In addition,the hearing damage caused by aminoglycosides involves damage of spiral ganglion neurons upon exposure.To investigate the mechanisms underlying spiral ganglion neuron degeneration induced by aminoglycosides,we used a C57BL/6J mouse model treated with kanamycin.We found that the mice exhibited auditory deficits following the acute loss of outer hair cells.Spiral ganglion neurons displayed hallmarks of pyroptosis and exhibited progressive degeneration over time.Transcriptomic profiling of these neurons showed significant upregulation of genes associated with inflammation and immune response,particularly those related to the NLRP3 inflammasome.Activation of the canonical pyroptotic pathway in spiral ganglion neurons was observed,accompanied by infiltration of macrophages and the release of proinflammatory cytokines.Pharmacological intervention targeting NLRP3 using Mcc950 and genetic intervention using NLRP3 knockout ameliorated spiral ganglion neuron degeneration in the injury model.These findings suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis plays a role in aminoglycoside-induced spiral ganglion neuron degeneration.Inhibition of this pathway may offer a potential therapeutic strategy for treating sensorineural hearing loss by reducing spiral ganglion neuron degeneration.
文摘This editorial critically evaluates the application of foot reflexology as a treatment for sensorineural hearing loss(SNHL)in infants,as proposed in a case report published in the World of Clinical Cases.SNHL is a condition characterized by damage to the cochlea or the neural pathways that transmit auditory information to the brain.The etiology of SNHL is often complex,involving genetic mutations,prenatal factors,or perinatal insults.Reflexology,an alternative therapy involving the application of pressure to specific points on the feet,is based on the hypothesis that these points correspond to different organs and systems in the body,including the auditory system.However,the biological plausibility and clinical efficacy of foot reflexology in addressing SNHL lack empirical support.This editorial examines the pathophysiology of SNHL,assesses the clinical claims of reflexology practitioners,and emphasizes the necessity of evidence-based approaches in treating infant hearing loss.While complementary therapies may provide ancillary benefits,they should not supplant validated medical treatments in managing SNHL in infants.Further research is needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of foot reflexology and other alternative therapies in pediatric audiology.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12175034 and 12005063)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2019YFE03030001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No.2232022G-10)。
文摘Effects of plasma equilibrium parameters on the alpha particle loss with the toroidal field ripple based on the CFETR steady-state scenario have been numerically investigated by the orbit-following code GYCAVA. It is found that alpha particle losses decrease and loss regions become narrower with the plasma current increasing or with the magnetic field decreasing. It is because the ripple stochastic transport and the ripple well loss of alpha particle are reduced with the safety factor decreasing. Decrease of the plasma density and temperature can reduce alpha particle losses due to enhancement of the slowing-down effect. The direction of the toroidal magnetic field can significantly affect heat loads induced by lost alpha particle. The vertical asymmetry of heat loads induced by the clockwise and counter-clockwise toroidal magnetic fields are due to the fact that the ripple distribution is asymmetric about the mid-plane, which can be explained by the typical orbits of alpha particle. The maximal heat load of alpha particle for the clockwise toroidal magnetic field is much smaller than that for the counter-clockwise one.
文摘Hearing loss is the third leading cause of human disability.Age-related hearing loss,one type of acquired sensorineural hearing loss,is largely responsible for this escalating global health burden.Noise-induced,ototoxic,and idiopathic sudden sensorineural are other less common types of acquired hearing loss.The etiology of these conditions is complex and multi-fa ctorial involving an interplay of genetic and environmental factors.Oxidative stress has recently been proposed as a likely linking cause in most types of acquired sensorineural hearing loss.Short non-coding RNA sequences known as microRNAs(miRNAs)have increasingly been shown to play a role in cellular hypoxia and oxidative stress responses including promoting an apoptotic response.Sensory hair cell death is a central histopathological finding in sensorineural hearing loss.As these cells do not regenerate in humans,it underlies the irreversibility of human age-related hearing loss.Ovid EMBASE,Ovid MEDLINE,Web of Science Core Collection,and ClinicalTrials.gov databases over the period August 1,2018 to July 31,2023 were searched with"hearing loss,""hypoxamiRs,""hypoxia,""microRNAs,""ischemia,"and"oxidative stress"text words for English language primary study publications or registered clinical trials.Registe red clinical trials known to the senior author we re also assessed.A total of 222studies were thus identified.After excluding duplicates,editorials,retra ctions,secondary research studies,and non-English language articles,39 primary studies and clinical trials underwent full-text screening.This resulted in 11 animal,in vitro,and/or human subject journal articles and 8 registered clinical trial database entries which form the basis of this narrative review.MiRNAs miR-34a and miR-29b levels increase with age in mice.These miRNAs were demonstrated in human neuroblastoma and murine cochlear cell lines to target Sirtuin 1/peroxisome proliferato r-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1-alpha(SIRT1/P GC-1α),SIRT1p53,and SIRT1/hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha signaling pathways resulting in increased apoptosis.Furthermore,hypoxia and oxidative stress had a similar adve rse apoptotic effect,which was inhibited by resve ratrol and a myocardial inhibitorassociated transcript,a miR-29b competing endogenous mRNA.Gentamicin reduced miR-182-5p levels and increased cochlear oxidative stress and cell death in mice-an effect that was corrected by inner ear stem cell-derived exosomes.There is ongoing work seeking to determine if these findings can be effectively translated to humans.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFE03090000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11975068).
文摘The neutral beam injection is widely adopted in tokamaks as a key heating tool,playing a crucial role in generating burning plasmas.However,the loss of beam ions can damage the first wall and reduce the heating efficiency,resulting in failure to maintain steady-state conditions.In this work,the effect of neutral particles in the edge on fast ions generated by NBI in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST)device is studied using the particle tracer code(PTC).The poloidal distribution of neutral particles is calculated by edge plasma simulation code SOLPS-ITER.In this simulation,four beam lines in EAST are considered:co-current tangential(co-tang),co-current perpendicular(co-perp),counter-current tangential(ctr-tang)and counter-current perpendicular(ctr-perp).It is shown that,in the absence of neutral particles,the loss fraction of ctr-injection is considerably higher than that of the co-injection.When considering the neutral particles,it is found that the ctr-perp injection demonstrates a significant variation in particles loss fraction(ranging from 18.56%to 25.42%)compared to the other three injection configurations.In terms of the loss fraction induced by neutral particles,ctr-injection exceeds co-injection,and perpendicular configuration exceeds tangential configuration.Furthermore,the difference of charge exchange ratios of three different energy(full energy,half energy,one third energy)of the four injections can be attributed to variations in the poloidal trajectories associated with each of these injections.Moreover,approximately half of fast ions which undergo neutralization directly lose to the first wall while the rest re-enter the bulk plasma and re-ionize.Except for the ctr-tang injection,the reionization ions from the other three injections exhibit effective confinement.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52204023)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M713465)Postdoctoral Innovation Talent Support of Shandong Province(SDBX2022033)。
文摘During ultradeep oil and gas drilling,fluid loss reducers are highly important for water-based drilling fluids,while preparing high temperature-and salt-resistance fluid loss reducers with excellent rheology and filtration performance remains a challenge.Herein,a micro-crosslinked amphoteric hydrophobic association copolymer(i.e.,DADC)was synthesized using N,N-dimethyl acrylamide,diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride,2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid,hydrophobic monomer,and pentaerythritol triallyl ether crosslinker.Due to the synergistic effects of hydrogen bonds,electrostatic interaction,hydrophobic association,and micro-crosslinking,the DADC copolymer exhibited outstanding temperature-and salt-resistance.The rheological experiments have shown that the DADC copolymer had excellent shear dilution performance and a certain degree of salt-responsive viscosity-increasing performance.The DADC copolymer could effectively adsorb on the surface of bentonite particles through electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonds,which bring more negative charge to the bentonite,thus improving the hydration and dispersion of bentonite particles as well as the colloidal stability of the drilling fluids.Moreover,the drilling fluids constructed based on the DADC copolymer exhibited satisfactory rheological and filtration properties(FLHTHP=12 m L)after aging at high temperatures(up to200℃)and high salinity(saturated salt)environments.Therefore,this work provided new insights into designing and fabricating high-performance drilling fluid treatment agents,demonstrating good potential applications in deep and ultradeep drilling engineering.
文摘Background: An independent relationship between tooth loss and hypertension appears to exist. Objectives: The aim of this study was to systematically review the relationship between tooth loss/number of teeth and hypertension. Materials and Methods: This review was conducted based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Guidelines. We searched all the relevant studies in international databases of PubMed and Google Scholar search engines from January 2000 to December 2023. Results: Fourteen studies (11 cross sectionals, 2 descriptives and 1 Cohort) met the inclusion criteria for this review. Most cross-sectional studies showed that participants with more tooth loss exhibited a greater proportion of hypertension and higher systolic blood pressure than those with less tooth loss. Cohort study showed that the loss of 8 or more teeth was associated with a higher risk of developing hypertension. Descriptive studies reported that missing teeth were marginally significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusion: This study has revealed a significantly higher SBP in patients with fewer remaining teeth or more tooth loss. In addition, those with more tooth loss showed a higher risk of hypertension than those with less tooth loss.
基金This study was funded by the Key Laboratory of Feed and Livestock and Poultry Products Quality&Safety Control,Ministry of Agriculture(2021202201)Reform and Development Project of BAAFS(XMS202322).
文摘Background A deterioration in the meat quality of broilers has attracted much more attention in recent years.L-malic acid(MA)is evidenced to decrease meat drip loss in broilers,but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear.It’s also not sure whether the outputs obtained under experimental conditions can be obtained in a com-mercial condition.Here,we investigated the effects and mechanisms of dietary MA supplementation on chicken meat drip loss at large-scale rearing.Results Results showed that the growth performance and drip loss were improved by MA supplementation.Meat metabolome revealed that L-2-aminoadipic acid,β-aminoisobutyric acid,eicosapentaenoic acid,and nicotinamide,as well as amino acid metabolism pathways connected to the improvements of meat quality by MA addition.The transcriptome analysis further indicated that the effect of MA on drip loss was also related to the proper immune response,evidenced by the enhanced B cell receptor signaling pathway,NF-κB signaling pathway,TNF signaling pathway,and IL-17 signaling pathway.Conclusions We provided evidence that MA decreased chicken meat drip loss under commercial conditions.Metabolome and transcriptome revealed a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms.Together,MA could be used as a promising dietary supplement for enhancing the water-holding capacity of chicken meat.
文摘Background: Obesity has become a serious global public health challenge, given that it leads to various adverse health outcomes that include cardiovascular illnesses, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that, at the end of 2022, 1 out of every 8 individuals were obese, and that the global adult obesity rates have over doubled since 1990, even as the adolescent obesity rates have quadrupled. Thus, as of 2022, nearly 2.5 billion adults, aged 18 years and above, were overweight, with 890 million being obese. Obesity and overweight incidence rate has been gradually increasing over the years, presenting significant challenges to the healthcare systems throughout the globe. In this regard, the objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of lifestyle modifications (diet and physical activity) and pharmacotherapy in promoting weight loss and improving metabolic health in overweight adults. Methodology: To attain the above stated study objective, a systematic evaluation of previous studies was carried out, particularly studies that assessed the effectiveness and safety of lifestyle modifications (diet and physical activity) and pharmacotherapy in promoting weight loss and improving metabolic health in overweight adults. The authors have used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) in the selection of eligible studies for inclusion in the study. Results: The findings indicate that lifestyle interventions resulted in 5% - 10% weight reduction and significant improvements in metabolic indicators, while pharmacotherapy (GLP-1 receptor agonists) achieved up to 15% weight reduction and considerable metabolic health benefits. Further, comparative studies show lifestyle modifications provide overall health benefits, while medication is necessary for non-responders. Conclusion: Individualized treatment strategies are crucial, and further research is needed on long-term consequences and combination therapies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)No.62172189 and 61772235the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province No.2020A1515010771+1 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou No.202002030372the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC)grants EP/P004407/2 and EP/P004024/1,and Innovate UK grant 106199-47198.
文摘The advent of Network Function Virtualization(NFV)and Service Function Chains(SFCs)unleashes the power of dynamic creation of network services using Virtual Network Functions(VNFs).This is of great interest to network operators since poor service quality and resource wastage can potentially hurt their revenue in the long term.However,the study shows with a set of test-bed experiments that packet loss at certain positions(i.e.,different VNFs)in an SFC can cause various degrees of resource wastage and performance degradation because of repeated upstream processing and transmission of retransmitted packets.To overcome this challenge,this study focuses on resource scheduling and deployment of SFCs while considering packet loss positions.This study developed a novel SFC packet dropping cost model and formulated an SFC scheduling problem that aims to minimize overall packet dropping cost as a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming(MILP)and proved that it is NP-hard.In this study,Palos is proposed as an efficient scheme in exploiting the functional characteristics of VNFs and their positions in SFCs for scheduling resources and deployment to optimize packet dropping cost.Extensive experiment results show that Palos can achieve up to 42.73%improvement on packet dropping cost and up to 33.03%reduction on average SFC latency when compared with two other state-of-the-art schemes.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1101300,2021YFA1101800,and 2020YFA0112503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82030029,81970882,92149304,and 22302231)+5 种基金the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2021YFS0371)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515011986)the Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(JCYJ20190814093401920,JCYJ20210324125608022,JCYJ20190813152616459,and JCYJ20190808120405672)the Futian Healthcare Research Project(FTWS2022013 and FTWS2023080)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering,Fudan University(SKLGE-2104)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University(23qnpy153)。
文摘Copper is a microelement with important physiological functions in the body.However,the excess copper ion(Cu^(2+))may cause severe health problems,such as hair cell apoptosis and the resultant hearing loss.Therefore,the assay of Cu^(2+)is important.We integrate ionic imprinting technology(IIT)and structurally colored hydrogel beads to prepare chitosan-based ionically imprinted hydrogel beads(IIHBs)as a low-cost and high-specificity platform for Cu^(2+)detection.The IIHBs have a macroporous microstructure,uniform size,vivid structural color,and magnetic responsiveness.When incubated in solution,IIHBs recognize Cu^(2+)and exhibit a reflective peak change,thereby achieving label-free detection.In addition,benefiting from the IIT,the IIHBs display good specificity and selectivity and have an imprinting factor of 19.14 at 100μmol·L^(-1).These features indicated that the developed IIHBs are promising candidates for Cu^(2+)detection,particularly for the prevention of hearing loss.
基金the financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52104013)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022T150724)。
文摘Due to the complexity and variability of carbonate formation leakage zones, lost circulation prediction and control is one of the major challenges of carbonate drilling. It raises well-control risks and production expenses. This research utilizes the H oilfield as an example, employs seismic features to analyze mud loss prediction, and produces a complete set of pre-drilling mud loss prediction solutions. Firstly, 16seismic attributes are calculated based on the post-stack seismic data, and the mud loss rate per unit footage is specified. The sample set is constructed by extracting each attribute from the seismic trace surrounding 15 typical wells, with a ratio of 8:2 between the training set and the test set. With the calibration results for mud loss rate per unit footage, the nonlinear mapping relationship between seismic attributes and mud loss rate per unit size is established using the mixed density network model.Then, the influence of the number of sub-Gausses and the uncertainty coefficient on the model's prediction is evaluated. Finally, the model is used in conjunction with downhole drilling conditions to assess the risk of mud loss in various layers and along the wellbore trajectory. The study demonstrates that the mean relative errors of the model for training data and test data are 6.9% and 7.5%, respectively, and that R2is 90% and 88%, respectively, for training data and test data. The accuracy and efficacy of mud loss prediction may be greatly enhanced by combining 16 seismic attributes with the mud loss rate per unit footage and applying machine learning methods. The mud loss prediction model based on the MDN model can not only predict the mud loss rate but also objectively evaluate the prediction based on the quality of the data and the model.
