This article focuses on the aggression of lightning overload on the equipment of the electrical network of sites where storm activity is very dense;and the electrocution of people located in the direct environment of ...This article focuses on the aggression of lightning overload on the equipment of the electrical network of sites where storm activity is very dense;and the electrocution of people located in the direct environment of the high-voltage substation during the flow of lightning current to the ground through the ground socket. The modeling of the flow circuit of the shock wave consisting of guard wire, lightning arrester and ground socket couple to the transformer of the high voltage substations, thanks to the approach of a servo block, led to the synthesis of a PID regulator (corrector) whose action is to reject the effects of the overvoltage on the network equipment and to significantly reduce or even cancel the effects of the step or touch voltage due to the distribution of the potential around the ground socket;and thus improve the quality of service of the high-voltage transmission and distribution electricity network, especially in stormy times.展开更多
A resistor-capacitor(RC)circuit model is proposed to study the effect of nanosecond pulsed electricfield on cells according to the structure and electrical parameters of cells.After a nanosecond step fieldhas been app...A resistor-capacitor(RC)circuit model is proposed to study the effect of nanosecond pulsed electricfield on cells according to the structure and electrical parameters of cells.After a nanosecond step fieldhas been applied,the variation of voltages across cytomembrane and mitochondria membrane both in nor-mal and in malignant cells are studied with this model.The time for selectively targeting the mitochondriamembrane and malignant cell can be evaluated much easily with curves that show the variation of voltageacross each membrane with time.Ramp field is the typical field applied in electrobiology.The voltagesacross each membrane induced by ramp field are analyzed with this model.To selectively target the mito-chondria membrane,proper range of ramp slope is needed.It is relatively difficult to decide the range ofa slope to selectively affect the malignant cell.Under some conditions,such a range even does not exist.展开更多
Discusses the interval between laminations in a permanent magnet inductor motor which makes the air gap magnetic field produced by the permanent magnet very uneven in the axial direction, and limits the performance of...Discusses the interval between laminations in a permanent magnet inductor motor which makes the air gap magnetic field produced by the permanent magnet very uneven in the axial direction, and limits the performance of a motor. Proposes a hybrid magnetic circuit multi couple motor to compensate for the uneven air gap magnetic field, thereby improving the performance of a motor.展开更多
The spin-transfer-torque(STT)magnetic tunneling junction(MTJ)device is one of the prominent candidates for spintronic logic circuit and neuromorphic computing.Therefore,building a simulation framework of hybrid STT-MT...The spin-transfer-torque(STT)magnetic tunneling junction(MTJ)device is one of the prominent candidates for spintronic logic circuit and neuromorphic computing.Therefore,building a simulation framework of hybrid STT-MTJ/CMOS(complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor)circuits is of great value for designing a new kind of computing paradigm based on the spintronic devices.In this work,we develop a simulation framework of hybrid STT-MTJ/CMOS circuits based on MATLAB/Simulink,which is mainly composed of a physics-based STT-MTJ model,a controlled resistor,and a current sensor.In the proposed framework,the STT-MTJ model,based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewsk(LLGS)equation,is implemented using the MATLAB script.The proposed simulation framework is modularized design,with the advantage of simple-to-use and easy-to-expand.To prove the effectiveness of the proposed framework,the STT-MTJ model is benchmarked with experimental results.Furthermore,the pre-charge sense amplifier(PCSA)circuit consisting of two STT-MTJ devices is validated and the electrical coupling of two spin-torque oscillators is simulated.The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our simulation framework.展开更多
A 3D Magnetohydrodynamics （MHD） arc model in conjunction with an arc move- ment model is applied to simulate the arc rotation as well as to solve its effect on the pressure in an auto-expansion circuit breaker. The ...A 3D Magnetohydrodynamics （MHD） arc model in conjunction with an arc move- ment model is applied to simulate the arc rotation as well as to solve its effect on the pressure in an auto-expansion circuit breaker. The rotation of the arc driven by an external electromagnetic force is simulated in the case with 200 kA of the short circuit current and 16 ms of arc duration. The arc rotating process and the speed of arc rotation have been obtained in the simulation. A comparison of the pressure in the expansion volume with and without an external magnetic field has been carried out based on the calculation results of two cases. The results of the simulation reveal that the arc rotation, which causes more energy exchange between the arc and its sur- rounding gas, can evidently bring about the pressurization in the expansion volume, which would contribute to more effective arc quenching at current zero and further reducing operation power.展开更多
The demand for electric vehicles has increased over the past few years.Wireless power transfer for electric vehicles provides more flexibility than traditional plug-in charging technology.Charging couplers are critica...The demand for electric vehicles has increased over the past few years.Wireless power transfer for electric vehicles provides more flexibility than traditional plug-in charging technology.Charging couplers are critical components in wireless power transfer systems.The thermal effect produced by the magnetic coupler in work will cause the temperature of the device to rise rapidly,affecting the work efficiency,transfer power,operation reliability,and service life.This paper modeled and analyzed each component's temperature distribution characteristics and thermal behavior.Firstly,the magnetic coupler's mutual inductance and magnetic circuit model are established,and the thermal model of the magnetic coupler analyzes the heat generation process.The thermal models of the coupler under three different magnetic core distributions are established,and the temperature rise of each component is obtained.The temperature rise of different parts of the coupler is verified by the temperature rise test structure of the experiment.展开更多
The model of lumped element circuit ignores the finite time of signals to propagate around a circuit. However, using modern oscilloscope, the time of nanoseconds in a circuit can be measured. Then the speed of alterna...The model of lumped element circuit ignores the finite time of signals to propagate around a circuit. However, using modern oscilloscope, the time of nanoseconds in a circuit can be measured. Then the speed of alternating electricity can be obtained in a RL circuit. A typical RL circuit is formed by a power source, wire, resistance and inductance. The basic formula is: U(t)=I(t)R+LdI(t)/dt. It can be derived from the Ohm’s law and Kirchhoff laws. Based on our experimental results, this paper has discussed the new explanation of this equation in a RL circuit. As a result, the speed of alternating electricity is greater than light in a special RL circuit. The model of lumped element circuit can be improved when considering the finite time of signals.展开更多
The lifespan models of commercial 18650-type lithium ion batteries （nominal capacity of 1150 mA-h） were presented. The lifespan was extrapolated based on this model. The results indicate that the relationship of cap...The lifespan models of commercial 18650-type lithium ion batteries （nominal capacity of 1150 mA-h） were presented. The lifespan was extrapolated based on this model. The results indicate that the relationship of capacity retention and cycle number can be expressed by Gaussian function. The selecting function and optimal precision were verified through actual match detection and a range of alternating current impedance testing. The cycle life model with high precision （〉99%） is beneficial to shortening the orediction time and cutting the prediction cost.展开更多
The manufacturing of spiral groove structure of two-dimensional valve(2D valve)feedback mechanism has shortcomings of both high cost and time-consuming.This paper presents a novel configuration of rotary electro-mecha...The manufacturing of spiral groove structure of two-dimensional valve(2D valve)feedback mechanism has shortcomings of both high cost and time-consuming.This paper presents a novel configuration of rotary electro-mechanical converter with negative feedback mechanism(REMC-NFM)in order to replace the feedback mechanism of spiral groove and thus reduce cost of valve manufacturing.In order to rapidly and quantitative evaluate the driving and feedback performance of the REMC-NFM,an analytical model taking leakage flux,edge effect and permeability nonlinearity into account is formulated based on the equivalent magnetic circuit approach.Then the model is properly simplified in order to obtain the optimal pitch angle.FEM simulation is used to study the influence of crucial parameters on the performance of REMC-NFM.A prototype of REMC-NFM is designed and machined,and an exclusive experimental platform is built.The torque-angle characteristics,torque-displacement characteristics,and magnetic flux density in the working air gap with different excitation currents are measured.The experimental results are in good agreement with the analytical and FEM simulated results,which verifies the correctness of the analytical model.For torque-angle characteristics,the overall torque increases with both current and rotation angle,which reaches about 0.48 N·m with 1.5 A and 1.5°.While for torque-displacement characteristics,the overall torque increases with current yet decrease with armature displacement due to the negative feedback mechanism,which is about 0.16 N·m with 1.5 A and 0.8 mm.Besides,experimental results of conventional torque motor are compared with counterparts of REMC-NFM in order to validate the simplified model.The research indicates that the REMC-NFM can be potentially used as the electro-mechanical converter for 2D valves in civil servo areas.展开更多
This study presents the deduction of time domain mathematical equations to simulate the curve of the charging process of a symmetrical electrochemical supercapacitor with activated carbon electrodes fed by a source of...This study presents the deduction of time domain mathematical equations to simulate the curve of the charging process of a symmetrical electrochemical supercapacitor with activated carbon electrodes fed by a source of constant electric potential in time ε and the curve of the discharge process through two fixed resistors. The first resistor R<sub>Co</sub> is a control that aims to prevent sudden variations in the intensity of the electric current i<sub>1</sub>(t) present at the terminals of the electrochemical supercapacitor at the beginning of the charging process. The second resistor is the internal resistance R<sub>A</sub> of the ammeter used in the calculation of the intensity of the electric current i<sub>1</sub>(t) over time in the charging and discharging processes. The mathematical equations generated were based on a 2R(C + kU<sub>C</sub>(t)) electrical circuit model and allowed to simulate the effects of the potential-dependent capacitance (kU<sub>C</sub>(t)) on the charge and discharge curves and hence on the calculated values of the fixed capacitance C, the equivalent series resistance (ESR), the equivalent parallel resistance (EPR) and the electrical potential dependent capacitance index k.展开更多
Nowadays, electronic devices are more and more integrated into everyday life. These seamless integrations focus on mobility, but at the same time strive to be unobtrusive to the end user. With the introduction of pers...Nowadays, electronic devices are more and more integrated into everyday life. These seamless integrations focus on mobility, but at the same time strive to be unobtrusive to the end user. With the introduction of personal data assistants and intelligent cellular phones for the searching of the website, true mobile computing is closer than ever. However, battery technology, which powers most of these mobile connectivity solutions, has not kept up the same pace of improvement. The paper describes a methodology for the design and performance of a self-excited permanent-magnet generator applied to low power supplies. It combines an analytical field model, a lumped reluctance equivalent magnetic circuit, and an equivalent electrical circuit. An illustrated example of a 15-mW, 290-r/min generator is given, and the analysis techniques are validated by measurements on a prototype system.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to use magnetic field of 50/60 Hz up to 0.2 mT for energy source. This paper focuses on magnetic energy harvesting from electrical appliances which can be also used for power consumption m...The purpose of this study is to use magnetic field of 50/60 Hz up to 0.2 mT for energy source. This paper focuses on magnetic energy harvesting from electrical appliances which can be also used for power consumption monitoring. The magnetic energy harvesting device consists of an energy harvesting module, Cockcroft-Walton circuit and storage capacitor. First of all, typical magnetic fields around several electrical appliances are investigated. In order to harvest 10 mJ energy, the shape of magnetic flux concentration flange in energy harvesting module and number of steps in Cockcroft-Walton circuit are considered. From experimental results, magnetic energy harvesting of 17 mJ from a refrigerator is successfully demonstrated.展开更多
Radio frequency capacitively coupled plasmas(RF CCPs)play a pivotal role in various applications in etching and deposition processes on a microscopic scale in semiconductor manufacturing.In the discharge process,the p...Radio frequency capacitively coupled plasmas(RF CCPs)play a pivotal role in various applications in etching and deposition processes on a microscopic scale in semiconductor manufacturing.In the discharge process,the plasma series resonance(PSR)effect is easily observed in electrically asymmetric and geometrically asymmetric discharges,which could largely influence the power absorption,ionization rate,etc.In this work,the PSR effect arising from geometrically and electrically asymmetric discharge in argon-oxygen mixture gas is mainly investigated by using a plasma equivalent circuit model coupled with a global model.At relatively low pressures,as Ar content(α)increases,the inductance of the bulk is weakened,which leads to a more obvious PSR phenomenon and a higher resonance frequency(ω_(psr)).When the Ar content is fixed,varying the pressure and gap distance could also have different effects on the PSR effect.With the increase of the pressure,the PSR frequency shifts towards the higher order,but in the case of much higher pressure,the PSR oscillation would be strongly damped by frequent electron-neutral collisions.With the increase of the gap distance,the PSR frequency becomes lower.In addition,electrically asymmetric waveforms applied to a geometrically asymmetric chamber may weaken or enhance the asymmetry of the discharge and regulate the PSR effect.In this work,the Ar/O_(2) electronegative mixture gas is introduced in a capacitive discharge to study the PSR effect under geometric asymmetry effect and electrical asymmetry effect,which can provide necessary guidance in laboratory research and current applications.展开更多
Since the first demonstrations of radio-frequency(RF)circuits,the physics of the electromagnetic(EM)field and its regulation and control with codesigned circuits,have become essential competencies of RF circuit design...Since the first demonstrations of radio-frequency(RF)circuits,the physics of the electromagnetic(EM)field and its regulation and control with codesigned circuits,have become essential competencies of RF circuit designers.Leveraging advanced regulation or control methods,numerous high-performance circuits have been developed at RF and millimeter-wave(mm-wave)frequencies.Three main methods of electromagnetic regulation have been widely utilized,namely,the separation of electric and magnetic coupling paths,the manipulation of electromagnetic energy through the coupling of multiple tanks or multiple resonators,and the regulation of electromagnetic fields in air cavities or meta-substrates.The separated coupling paths of electric and magnetic fields provide guidance for designing a high-performance filter topology with a quasielliptical response through additional zeros.The manipulation of the EM field through electrical and magnetic intercouplings of multitanks or multiresonators,such as are used in oscillators,power amplifiers(PAs),etc.,results in remarkable power efficiency,size reduction,and wide bandwidth.The regulation of electromagnetism through an air cavity,patterned substrate,or metasubstrate reduces dielectric losses and size,especially when using a substrate integrated suspended line(SISL)platform.Many excellent circuits have been reported based on SISL with low loss,high integration,and self-packaging.Here,we present state-of-the-art cases that demonstrate the benefits of EM field regulation and control.展开更多
文摘This article focuses on the aggression of lightning overload on the equipment of the electrical network of sites where storm activity is very dense;and the electrocution of people located in the direct environment of the high-voltage substation during the flow of lightning current to the ground through the ground socket. The modeling of the flow circuit of the shock wave consisting of guard wire, lightning arrester and ground socket couple to the transformer of the high voltage substations, thanks to the approach of a servo block, led to the synthesis of a PID regulator (corrector) whose action is to reject the effects of the overvoltage on the network equipment and to significantly reduce or even cancel the effects of the step or touch voltage due to the distribution of the potential around the ground socket;and thus improve the quality of service of the high-voltage transmission and distribution electricity network, especially in stormy times.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (50477007)
文摘A resistor-capacitor(RC)circuit model is proposed to study the effect of nanosecond pulsed electricfield on cells according to the structure and electrical parameters of cells.After a nanosecond step fieldhas been applied,the variation of voltages across cytomembrane and mitochondria membrane both in nor-mal and in malignant cells are studied with this model.The time for selectively targeting the mitochondriamembrane and malignant cell can be evaluated much easily with curves that show the variation of voltageacross each membrane with time.Ramp field is the typical field applied in electrobiology.The voltagesacross each membrane induced by ramp field are analyzed with this model.To selectively target the mito-chondria membrane,proper range of ramp slope is needed.It is relatively difficult to decide the range ofa slope to selectively affect the malignant cell.Under some conditions,such a range even does not exist.
文摘Discusses the interval between laminations in a permanent magnet inductor motor which makes the air gap magnetic field produced by the permanent magnet very uneven in the axial direction, and limits the performance of a motor. Proposes a hybrid magnetic circuit multi couple motor to compensate for the uneven air gap magnetic field, thereby improving the performance of a motor.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62004223)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China(Grant No.2022RC1094)+1 种基金the Open Research Fund Program of the State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics,China(Grant No.KF202012)the Hunan Provincial Science Innovation Project for Postgraduate,China(Grant No.CX20210086).
文摘The spin-transfer-torque(STT)magnetic tunneling junction(MTJ)device is one of the prominent candidates for spintronic logic circuit and neuromorphic computing.Therefore,building a simulation framework of hybrid STT-MTJ/CMOS(complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor)circuits is of great value for designing a new kind of computing paradigm based on the spintronic devices.In this work,we develop a simulation framework of hybrid STT-MTJ/CMOS circuits based on MATLAB/Simulink,which is mainly composed of a physics-based STT-MTJ model,a controlled resistor,and a current sensor.In the proposed framework,the STT-MTJ model,based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewsk(LLGS)equation,is implemented using the MATLAB script.The proposed simulation framework is modularized design,with the advantage of simple-to-use and easy-to-expand.To prove the effectiveness of the proposed framework,the STT-MTJ model is benchmarked with experimental results.Furthermore,the pre-charge sense amplifier(PCSA)circuit consisting of two STT-MTJ devices is validated and the electrical coupling of two spin-torque oscillators is simulated.The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our simulation framework.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51177005 and 51477004)
文摘A 3D Magnetohydrodynamics （MHD） arc model in conjunction with an arc move- ment model is applied to simulate the arc rotation as well as to solve its effect on the pressure in an auto-expansion circuit breaker. The rotation of the arc driven by an external electromagnetic force is simulated in the case with 200 kA of the short circuit current and 16 ms of arc duration. The arc rotating process and the speed of arc rotation have been obtained in the simulation. A comparison of the pressure in the expansion volume with and without an external magnetic field has been carried out based on the calculation results of two cases. The results of the simulation reveal that the arc rotation, which causes more energy exchange between the arc and its sur- rounding gas, can evidently bring about the pressurization in the expansion volume, which would contribute to more effective arc quenching at current zero and further reducing operation power.
文摘The demand for electric vehicles has increased over the past few years.Wireless power transfer for electric vehicles provides more flexibility than traditional plug-in charging technology.Charging couplers are critical components in wireless power transfer systems.The thermal effect produced by the magnetic coupler in work will cause the temperature of the device to rise rapidly,affecting the work efficiency,transfer power,operation reliability,and service life.This paper modeled and analyzed each component's temperature distribution characteristics and thermal behavior.Firstly,the magnetic coupler's mutual inductance and magnetic circuit model are established,and the thermal model of the magnetic coupler analyzes the heat generation process.The thermal models of the coupler under three different magnetic core distributions are established,and the temperature rise of each component is obtained.The temperature rise of different parts of the coupler is verified by the temperature rise test structure of the experiment.
文摘The model of lumped element circuit ignores the finite time of signals to propagate around a circuit. However, using modern oscilloscope, the time of nanoseconds in a circuit can be measured. Then the speed of alternating electricity can be obtained in a RL circuit. A typical RL circuit is formed by a power source, wire, resistance and inductance. The basic formula is: U(t)=I(t)R+LdI(t)/dt. It can be derived from the Ohm’s law and Kirchhoff laws. Based on our experimental results, this paper has discussed the new explanation of this equation in a RL circuit. As a result, the speed of alternating electricity is greater than light in a special RL circuit. The model of lumped element circuit can be improved when considering the finite time of signals.
基金Projects(51204209,51274240)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(HNDLKJ[2012]001-1)supported by Henan Electric Power Science&Technology Supporting Program,China
文摘The lifespan models of commercial 18650-type lithium ion batteries （nominal capacity of 1150 mA-h） were presented. The lifespan was extrapolated based on this model. The results indicate that the relationship of capacity retention and cycle number can be expressed by Gaussian function. The selecting function and optimal precision were verified through actual match detection and a range of alternating current impedance testing. The cycle life model with high precision （〉99%） is beneficial to shortening the orediction time and cutting the prediction cost.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51975524,51405443)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFB2005200).
文摘The manufacturing of spiral groove structure of two-dimensional valve(2D valve)feedback mechanism has shortcomings of both high cost and time-consuming.This paper presents a novel configuration of rotary electro-mechanical converter with negative feedback mechanism(REMC-NFM)in order to replace the feedback mechanism of spiral groove and thus reduce cost of valve manufacturing.In order to rapidly and quantitative evaluate the driving and feedback performance of the REMC-NFM,an analytical model taking leakage flux,edge effect and permeability nonlinearity into account is formulated based on the equivalent magnetic circuit approach.Then the model is properly simplified in order to obtain the optimal pitch angle.FEM simulation is used to study the influence of crucial parameters on the performance of REMC-NFM.A prototype of REMC-NFM is designed and machined,and an exclusive experimental platform is built.The torque-angle characteristics,torque-displacement characteristics,and magnetic flux density in the working air gap with different excitation currents are measured.The experimental results are in good agreement with the analytical and FEM simulated results,which verifies the correctness of the analytical model.For torque-angle characteristics,the overall torque increases with both current and rotation angle,which reaches about 0.48 N·m with 1.5 A and 1.5°.While for torque-displacement characteristics,the overall torque increases with current yet decrease with armature displacement due to the negative feedback mechanism,which is about 0.16 N·m with 1.5 A and 0.8 mm.Besides,experimental results of conventional torque motor are compared with counterparts of REMC-NFM in order to validate the simplified model.The research indicates that the REMC-NFM can be potentially used as the electro-mechanical converter for 2D valves in civil servo areas.
文摘This study presents the deduction of time domain mathematical equations to simulate the curve of the charging process of a symmetrical electrochemical supercapacitor with activated carbon electrodes fed by a source of constant electric potential in time ε and the curve of the discharge process through two fixed resistors. The first resistor R<sub>Co</sub> is a control that aims to prevent sudden variations in the intensity of the electric current i<sub>1</sub>(t) present at the terminals of the electrochemical supercapacitor at the beginning of the charging process. The second resistor is the internal resistance R<sub>A</sub> of the ammeter used in the calculation of the intensity of the electric current i<sub>1</sub>(t) over time in the charging and discharging processes. The mathematical equations generated were based on a 2R(C + kU<sub>C</sub>(t)) electrical circuit model and allowed to simulate the effects of the potential-dependent capacitance (kU<sub>C</sub>(t)) on the charge and discharge curves and hence on the calculated values of the fixed capacitance C, the equivalent series resistance (ESR), the equivalent parallel resistance (EPR) and the electrical potential dependent capacitance index k.
文摘Nowadays, electronic devices are more and more integrated into everyday life. These seamless integrations focus on mobility, but at the same time strive to be unobtrusive to the end user. With the introduction of personal data assistants and intelligent cellular phones for the searching of the website, true mobile computing is closer than ever. However, battery technology, which powers most of these mobile connectivity solutions, has not kept up the same pace of improvement. The paper describes a methodology for the design and performance of a self-excited permanent-magnet generator applied to low power supplies. It combines an analytical field model, a lumped reluctance equivalent magnetic circuit, and an equivalent electrical circuit. An illustrated example of a 15-mW, 290-r/min generator is given, and the analysis techniques are validated by measurements on a prototype system.
文摘The purpose of this study is to use magnetic field of 50/60 Hz up to 0.2 mT for energy source. This paper focuses on magnetic energy harvesting from electrical appliances which can be also used for power consumption monitoring. The magnetic energy harvesting device consists of an energy harvesting module, Cockcroft-Walton circuit and storage capacitor. First of all, typical magnetic fields around several electrical appliances are investigated. In order to harvest 10 mJ energy, the shape of magnetic flux concentration flange in energy harvesting module and number of steps in Cockcroft-Walton circuit are considered. From experimental results, magnetic energy harvesting of 17 mJ from a refrigerator is successfully demonstrated.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12020101005 and 11975067)。
文摘Radio frequency capacitively coupled plasmas(RF CCPs)play a pivotal role in various applications in etching and deposition processes on a microscopic scale in semiconductor manufacturing.In the discharge process,the plasma series resonance(PSR)effect is easily observed in electrically asymmetric and geometrically asymmetric discharges,which could largely influence the power absorption,ionization rate,etc.In this work,the PSR effect arising from geometrically and electrically asymmetric discharge in argon-oxygen mixture gas is mainly investigated by using a plasma equivalent circuit model coupled with a global model.At relatively low pressures,as Ar content(α)increases,the inductance of the bulk is weakened,which leads to a more obvious PSR phenomenon and a higher resonance frequency(ω_(psr)).When the Ar content is fixed,varying the pressure and gap distance could also have different effects on the PSR effect.With the increase of the pressure,the PSR frequency shifts towards the higher order,but in the case of much higher pressure,the PSR oscillation would be strongly damped by frequent electron-neutral collisions.With the increase of the gap distance,the PSR frequency becomes lower.In addition,electrically asymmetric waveforms applied to a geometrically asymmetric chamber may weaken or enhance the asymmetry of the discharge and regulate the PSR effect.In this work,the Ar/O_(2) electronegative mixture gas is introduced in a capacitive discharge to study the PSR effect under geometric asymmetry effect and electrical asymmetry effect,which can provide necessary guidance in laboratory research and current applications.
文摘Since the first demonstrations of radio-frequency(RF)circuits,the physics of the electromagnetic(EM)field and its regulation and control with codesigned circuits,have become essential competencies of RF circuit designers.Leveraging advanced regulation or control methods,numerous high-performance circuits have been developed at RF and millimeter-wave(mm-wave)frequencies.Three main methods of electromagnetic regulation have been widely utilized,namely,the separation of electric and magnetic coupling paths,the manipulation of electromagnetic energy through the coupling of multiple tanks or multiple resonators,and the regulation of electromagnetic fields in air cavities or meta-substrates.The separated coupling paths of electric and magnetic fields provide guidance for designing a high-performance filter topology with a quasielliptical response through additional zeros.The manipulation of the EM field through electrical and magnetic intercouplings of multitanks or multiresonators,such as are used in oscillators,power amplifiers(PAs),etc.,results in remarkable power efficiency,size reduction,and wide bandwidth.The regulation of electromagnetism through an air cavity,patterned substrate,or metasubstrate reduces dielectric losses and size,especially when using a substrate integrated suspended line(SISL)platform.Many excellent circuits have been reported based on SISL with low loss,high integration,and self-packaging.Here,we present state-of-the-art cases that demonstrate the benefits of EM field regulation and control.
