Introduction: About 10 to 15% of couples in the world and 20 to 30% in Cameroon consult for infertility problems. Infertility is of male origin in 40% of cases. Our objective was to evaluate the epidemiological and cl...Introduction: About 10 to 15% of couples in the world and 20 to 30% in Cameroon consult for infertility problems. Infertility is of male origin in 40% of cases. Our objective was to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical aspects of male infertility in our setting. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study, with retrospective data collection from the files of patients received for male infertility, over 5 years and 6 months (from January 1<sup>st</sup>, 2016 to April 30<sup>th</sup>, 2021) at the Urology Department of the Yaounde Central Hospital. Phone calls were made to patients with incomplete records for completion following a verbal consent. Data reported on data collection forms were entered into a data entry form designed on CSPro software version 7.2. The database was later exported for descriptive statistics using the IBM SPSS software version 23. Qualitative variables were summarized in frequencies and percentages while quantitative variables were summarized in means with their standard deviations for normally distributed data, or medians and interquartile ranges otherwise. Results: Out of 110 patients whose records were analyzed, the median age was 37.0 years, with an interquartile range of 8.3, with 55.5% in the age group 30 to 39 years. Of these 95 (86.4%) were married, 58 (52.7%) were from the West region, 76 (69.1%) were employed. Past history was dominated by mumps 40 (36.4%), varicocele surgery 25 (22.7%), alcoholism 87 (79.1%) and smoking 15 (13.6%). A disorder of spermatogenesis was found in all our patients: 37 (33.6%) azoospermia, 27 (24.6%) asthenospermia and 26 (23.7%) oligospermia patients. Paraclinical evidence of chlamydia and gonococcal infections were found respectively in 38 (34.5%) and 14 (12.7%) patients, varicocele and testicular dystrophy respectively in 95 (86.4%) and 38 (34.5%) patients. Infertility was primary in 67 (60.9%) patients. Conclusion: Most patients with infertility were in their thirties, had risky social habits and comorbidities. An early start of health promotion activities, comorbidities prevention and early detection of spermogram abnormalities would make it possible to reduce the frequency of male infertility.展开更多
Objective:To give a brief overview of the field of epigenetics and the potential predictive power that small non-coding RNA(sncRNA)may hold in relation to improving the treatment and diagnosis of male infertility.Meth...Objective:To give a brief overview of the field of epigenetics and the potential predictive power that small non-coding RNA(sncRNA)may hold in relation to improving the treatment and diagnosis of male infertility.Methods:PRISMA-ScR was used as the scoping review guideline for this investigation.All article data here have been accessed from MEDLINE–PubMed,Science Direct,EBSCO,Scopus,Sage Journals,and Google Scholar.The terms"small non coding RNA,male,infertility,miRNA,sperm"were used in the search between 2015 and 2023.Results:The study comprised 35 publications in total.Several sncRNAs,miR-155,miR-16,miR-196,miR-525-3p,miR-891 were found to be effective in regulating the mechanism of spermatozoa processing in the infertility of men.sncRNA can be used as a biomarker of male infertility.Conclusions:sncRNAs can act as biomarkers for the diagnosis of reproductive diseases.Actually,by recognizing sncRNAs and their mechanisms,a new way to treat infertile men would be paved.The functional annotation of sncRNAs in spermatogenesis is still in its infancy but has enormous potential.This is despite the fact that many potential sncRNAs have been found to date with the use of cutting-edge technology and publicly accessible sncRNA annotation tools.展开更多
Objective: To determine the effectiveness of selective tubal catheterization in the management of female infertility due to proximal tubal obstruction. Method: This was a longitudinal descriptive study, conducted over...Objective: To determine the effectiveness of selective tubal catheterization in the management of female infertility due to proximal tubal obstruction. Method: This was a longitudinal descriptive study, conducted over a period of 24 months, which included 73 patients presenting with objectified bilateral proximal tubal obstruction after standard HSG. The intervention was performed on an outpatient basis, during the follicular phase with negative β-hCG assay the day before, in the interventional radiology room and under antibiotic coverage. Confirmatory hysterosalpingography was performed as the first step followed by selective tubal catheterization after the failure of spontaneous tubal opacification. The parameters studied related to socio-epidemiological, clinical and radiological data. Results: The age of our patients was between 24 and 42 years with an average of 33.97 years. The average duration of infertility was 3.95 years, with a predominance of primary infertility in 83.56% of cases. Voluntary termination of pregnancy (38.89%) and fibromyomas (33.33%) were the most represented gynecological-obstetrical antecedents. Selective tubal catheterization was successful in 92.14% of cases (129/140 tubes). It was possible bilaterally in 93.02% of cases and unilaterally in 6.98% of cases. The confirmatory HSG allowed a spontaneous opacification of 4.10% of the fallopian tubes. At the end of the procedure, all the recanalized tubes were opacified;62.01% of them were normal, against 37.99% pathological with a preponderance of inflammatory tubes 26.61% followed by hydrosalpinx in 5.03% of cases. No major complications were encountered. The fertility rate was 23.29%. Conclusion: Selective tubal catheterization is a simple technique, without major complications with an efficiency close to natural fertility. It should be proposed as the first intention before any other procedure in the treatment of infertility by proximal tubal obstruction.展开更多
Aims: Infertility is a major problem in our current societies and the Fertilia medical clinic in Bamako is a center for medical assistance in procreation (MAP) where there is an increasingly growing demand for ultraso...Aims: Infertility is a major problem in our current societies and the Fertilia medical clinic in Bamako is a center for medical assistance in procreation (MAP) where there is an increasingly growing demand for ultrasound. The objective of our study was to investigate the ultrasound causes likely to prevent the occurrence of pregnancy in a group of infertile and subfertile women. Subjects and Methods: This was a 5-year cross-sectional and prospective study, between January 2017 and January 2022, which involved 250 women wishing to become pregnant (infertile or subfertile), who came for pelvic ultrasound or follicular monitoring and who agreed to participate in our study. The parameters used were ultrasound reports including uterine, ovarian and tubal pathologies. It should be noted that in some cases no ultrasound cause of infertility was found. Data were entered and analyzed in SPSS. Results: 250 women were recruited into our. The average age was 32 years with extremes ranging from 17 to 51 years. 179 patients or 71.6% were between 17 and 35 years old. 139 patients or 55.6% had secondary infertility against 44.4% primary infertility. 202 patients or 80.8% had at least one ultrasound lesion and 48 patients or 19.2% had no significant ultrasound abnormality. The most represented ultrasound lesions were of uterine origin with 72.20%, 23.7% ovarian lesions and 04% tubal lesions. Uterine lesions were dominated by myomas, adenomyosis, endometrial polyps, uterine malformations and synechiae. As for ovarian lesions we noted cysts, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), ovarian endometriosis, non-follicular ovaries and tubal ultrasound lesions showed unilateral or bilateral hydrosalpinx. Conclusion: In our study, ultrasound was an invaluable contribution to the diagnosis of the causes likely to explain subfertility and infertility in our respondents. She highlighted uterine, ovarian and tubal lesions, some of which could be corrected and pregnancies ensued.展开更多
Background: Male age significantly affects semen parameters. However, there is no evidence on the impact of aging on semen quality in men residing in Libreville, Gabon. Objective: To determine the effects of age on se...Background: Male age significantly affects semen parameters. However, there is no evidence on the impact of aging on semen quality in men residing in Libreville, Gabon. Objective: To determine the effects of age on semen quality of patients visiting the Reproductive Laboratory at the Academic Hospital Mère Enfant located in Libreville, Gabon. Methods: This descriptive and prospective study was performed between the 1st of October 2021 and 30st of September 2022. This study involved patients who had semen analysis as part of fertility check-up. Semen analysis was performed following the World Health Organization, 2010 guidelines. Semen parameters such as volume, leucocytes count, sperm concentration, sperm motility, norml morphology and vitality were used in the current study. Descriptive statistics were performed. The Chi-square test and the Fisher test were used as statistical tools for the analysis of data. The ROC curve was used to illustrate the data. Results: A total of 148 patients were included in the study. Male infertility prevalence was 77.03%. The average age was 41 years with minimum and maximum of 24 and 61 years respectively. Secondary infertility was predominant (66.9%). Patients displaying asthenozoospermia (22.3%) followed by those displaying oligoasthenozoospermia (OAT) isolated (1.4%) or not (11.6%) were the most frequent semen parameter abnormalities. Men aged more than 45 years were 4.4 times likely to have abnormal semen parameters. Odd = 4.4 (IC 95% = [3.3 - 14.7]). Staphylococcus haemolyticus infection was more prevalent. Conclusion: Male age was found to significantly influence semen quality.展开更多
BACKGROUND Female infertility with unknown causes(unexplained)remains one of the mysteries in the reproductive health field,where the diagnostic evidence is still weak and the proposed treatments still work with unkno...BACKGROUND Female infertility with unknown causes(unexplained)remains one of the mysteries in the reproductive health field,where the diagnostic evidence is still weak and the proposed treatments still work with unknown methods.However,several studies have proposed some possible causes and risk factors for unexplained female infertility.AIM To characterize and identify factors associated with unexplained infertility in Sudanese women.METHODS A matched(age and body mass index)case-control study was conducted from March 2021 to February 2022.The study samples were 210 women with unexplained infertility(UI)and 190 fertile women of reproductive age who were attending the maternity hospitals and fertility clinics in Khartoum,Sudan.The risk factors of unexplained infertility were identified using a structured,pretested questionnaire containing information on socio-demographic variables,anthropometrics,clinical diagnosis of infertility,behavioral factors,physical activity assessment,diversity,and consumption of different food groups by the study participants.RESULTS The results showed a higher proportion of women diagnosed with UI were residents of rural areas than controls(21.4%vs 11.1%,P<0.05),and previous miscarriages and/or abortions were more common in fertile women compared with infertile women(13.16%vs 5.71%,P<0.05).Additionally,infertile women had a significantly(P<0.05)higher proportion of family history of infertility(explained and unexplained)compared with controls.Finally,after controlling for the effects of potentially confounding variables using multivariable logistic regression analysis,only marital status,family history of infertility,use of modern contraceptives,smoking,caffeine consumption,physical activity level,meals consumed,other vitamin-A-rich fruits and vegetables,and other vegetables were found to be significant(P<0.05)factors associated with unexplained infertility among Sudanese women.CONCLUSION Married women with a family history of infertility who smoke and consume a high amount of caffeine,who live a sedentary lifestyle,and who consume more than two meals free of vitamin-Arich fruits and/or vegetables and/or other vegetables per day are at the highest risk of developing unexplained infertility.展开更多
Male factor infertility has now become a major health disorder,affecting human reproduction and developing worldwide as a serious medical and social issue.It causes trauma,emotional instability,and mental stress in th...Male factor infertility has now become a major health disorder,affecting human reproduction and developing worldwide as a serious medical and social issue.It causes trauma,emotional instability,and mental stress in the affected couples.In nearly half of the analyzed cases,male-associated factors are the major contributors.The present review outlines a wide range of factors responsible for male infertility.We performed an in-depth literature review of the global index of infertility by using data from World Health Organization’s website,Elsevier’s,PubMed and Scopus databases as well as journals.The quality and quantity of semen,male hormonal imbalance,genetic deterioration,and reactive oxygen species are the fundamental causes of male factor infertility.In addition,air quality,water quality,noise pollution,lifestyle changes,improper diet consumption,malnutrition,exposure to chemicals and toxins,smoking habits,drug abuses,major diseases,and medications are also contributors to infertility issues that can temporarily or permanently influence male reproductive system.We also reviewed the prevalence of male infertility in different countries.展开更多
In this study,we used a network meta-analysis(NMA)to compare the effectiveness of medicines and supplements for idiopathic male infertility and to identify the best treatment.Medline,Excerpta Medica Database(EMBASE),O...In this study,we used a network meta-analysis(NMA)to compare the effectiveness of medicines and supplements for idiopathic male infertility and to identify the best treatment.Medline,Excerpta Medica Database(EMBASE),Ovid,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),were searched for the period from January 1990 to June 2021 using the keywords"male infertility,""medical therapy,""supplement/nutrient therapy,"and related terms.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)investigating medicines(mainly follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),androgen,and clomiphene/tamoxifen)or supplements(mainly zinc,selenium,vitamin C or E,carnitine,coenzyme Q10(CoQ10),or combined treatment)for idiopathic infertile men were selected for meta-analysis.Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis(PRISMA)was used for data extraction,and a risk-of-bias tool and grades of recommendation,assessment,development,and evaluation(GRADE)system adapted to the NMA were employed to assess the quality of the evidence.The primary outcomes were live birth and spontaneous pregnancy rate(SPR).The secondary outcomes were sperm parameters(including concentration,progressive motility,and morphology)and side effects.In total,65 RCTs involving 7541 men with sperm abnormalities but normal hormone levels were included.A total of 36 studies reported SPR but only three reported live birth rates.The quality of the included studies was found to be moderate to high.Compared with a placebo or being untreated,carnitine plus vitamins significantly improved SPR(relative risk(RR)=3.7,95%confidence interval(95%CI),1.6-8.5);fatty acids significantly increased sperm concentrations(mean difference(MD)=12.5×10^(6)mL-1,95%CI,3.1×10^(6)-22.0×10^(6));and selective estrogen receptor modulator(SERM)plus CoQ10 significantly improved sperm progressive motility(MD=11.0%,95%CI,0.1%-21.9%)and normal sperm morphology(MD=11.0%,95%CI,4.6%-17.4%).The most optimal intervention was carnitine plus vitamins and fatty acids for SPR and sperm concentrations,respectively,even after excluding trials at a high risk of bias.Compared with a placebo or being untreated,FSH(RR=4.9,95%CI,1.1-21.3)significantly increased SPR,whereas SERM plus kallikrein increased sperm concentration(MD=16.5×10^(6)mL^(-1),95%CI,1.6×10^(6)-31.4×10^(6)),and SERM plus CoQ10 significantly improved sperm progressive motility(MD=11.3%,95%CI,7.3%-15.4%)and normal morphology(MD=11.2%,95%CI,5.4%-16.9%)in men with oligoasthenozoospermia(OA).In terms of side effects,fatty acids and pentoxifylline were associated with foul breath and/or a bad taste(RR=8.1,95%CI,1.0-63.5)and vomiting(RR=8.0,95%CI,1.0-63.0),respectively.In conclusion,the optimal treatment for male infertility for live birth is still unknown.Carnitine plus vitamins and FSH are likely to be better than other therapies in achieving successful spontaneous pregnancy in couples overall and in cou ples with men with OA,respectively.The efficacy of other treatments on pregnancy outcomes warrants further verification.展开更多
Male infertility is responsible for an estimated 50%of all cases of infertility.Treatments for male infertility include surgery,in-vitro fertilization,hormone therapy,and herbal remedies.Assisted reproductive technolo...Male infertility is responsible for an estimated 50%of all cases of infertility.Treatments for male infertility include surgery,in-vitro fertilization,hormone therapy,and herbal remedies.Assisted reproductive technologies and methods have made it possible to identify and treat previously untreatable causes of male infertility.Currently available treatments for male infertility are prohibitively expensive,difficult to obtain,necessitate a lengthy course of treatment,and have a host of side effects.Herbal therapy offers male infertility treatment that is less expensive and has fewer side effects than other treatments.The current review focuses on the various treatment options for male infertility.展开更多
According to the latest data,globally 15%of couples have infertility and male infertility contributes to 10%of all cases.Infertility can be caused by certain biological changes in the gonads and the reproductive syste...According to the latest data,globally 15%of couples have infertility and male infertility contributes to 10%of all cases.Infertility can be caused by certain biological changes in the gonads and the reproductive system like azoospermia,oligospermia,asthenospermia,teratozoospermia and hypospermatogenesis.Genetic causes of azoospermia include chromosomal abnormalities,Y chromosome microdeletions and deletion or other mutations of Y-linked genes.The maximum number of the genes are located in the azoospermia factor region of the long arm(Yq)of the Y chromosome.Y chromosome microdeletion is known as the second major genetic cause of spermatogenetic failure.This article aims to review the latest updates on the involvement of Yq microdeletions in male infertility.The diagnostics,prevalence and phenotypic spectrum related to Yq gene microdeletions are discussed.展开更多
Objective:To predict couplet medicinals Cuscuta-Medlar(CM)in treat male infertility and analyze their potential mechanisms by the network pharmacology method.Method:TCMSP,BATMAN and literature were used to obtain comp...Objective:To predict couplet medicinals Cuscuta-Medlar(CM)in treat male infertility and analyze their potential mechanisms by the network pharmacology method.Method:TCMSP,BATMAN and literature were used to obtain components of CM,and male infertility targets were predicted by OMIM and GeneCards databases.Cytoscape software was used to construct the"component-target-disease"network.The STRING web site was used for the analysis of Protein-to-protein interaction(PPI)data between compounds and disease.DAVID 6.8 was carried on GO analysis and KEGG pathway analysis.Result:A total of 52 active ingredients and 242 potential targets of CM were obtained,with 7661 male infertility related genes retrieved from disease database.Then 113 common targets were obtained.Biological processes were related to enzyme binding,signaling receptor binding and molecular function regulator.The biological pathways mainly included TNF signaling pathway,apoptosis-related signaling pathway,PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,FoxO signaling pathway,Thyroid hormone signaling pathway and toll-like receptor signaling pathway.Conclusion:CM may treat male infertility by inhibiting inflammation,inhibiting apoptosis and promoting spermatogenesis.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Healthy youth is an asset and strength for economic and social growth of any society. Developmental changes during puberty of youngsters need proper guidance to avoid...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Healthy youth is an asset and strength for economic and social growth of any society. Developmental changes during puberty of youngsters need proper guidance to avoid future physical, physiological and psychological ailments. Bilateral Retractile Testis (BRT) is a health problem if remains unnoticed till adolescence can lead to tribulations. BRT may affect testicular parenchyma and spermatogenesis. Cremasteric muscles (muscles attached with testes) pull the testes up into groin so it randomly moves up and down and do not reside in its natural pouch always. It has been a controversial issue in male infertility as retraction may </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ffect infertility. </span><b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> To estimate the prevalence of male infertility among patients with Bilateral Retractile Testis. </span><b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methodology:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> A total of 200 male patients were enrolled after the power calculation, with different reproductive health problems between the age of 18</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 40 years during the year 2016 at Reproductive health clinic Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Center (JPMC), Karachi. 25 male patients were reported with infertility and BRT. The data was collected using self-developed questionnaire including outdoor patients’ physical check-up, manual testicular examination as size and shape were done. Patient height, weight, blood pressure, their lifestyle, and dressing regarding wearing tight jeans habits were asked. Semen analysis was carried out showing abnormality in sperm count, motility or morphology and entered and analysed in the SPSS version 10. Means and percentages were calculated. <b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Result:</span></b><span></span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Out of 200 male infertile patients, a total of 25 (12.5%) patients with a diagnosis of BRT were found in the sample with the mean age of 29 years. Moreover, it was identified that those having BRT also have low motility of the sperms. Base</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">d</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> on the results it was concluded that BRT is a possible cause of male infertility in Pakistani population. </span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></b></span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">BRT is a possible risk factor to affect sperm motility and low sperm motility can lead to male infertility. The study estimates the prevalence of 12.5% among our sampled men.</span>展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Although semen analysis is a basic method to evaluate male fertility, there was a certain deviation between the semen examination and the actual situation in clinical applicati...<strong>Background:</strong> Although semen analysis is a basic method to evaluate male fertility, there was a certain deviation between the semen examination and the actual situation in clinical application. <strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate the application value of semen examination items in the diagnosis of male infertility. <strong>Method:</strong> Males recruited from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from June 2017 to December 2018 were divided into three groups: normal fertility group, physical examination group (premarital physical examination), and male infertility group. Each group received the following examination such as semen analysis (including semen volume, sperm concentration, progressive motility, total motility, round cell concentration), acrosin activity, and sperm morphology. All the semen analysis items mentioned above were operated according to the <em>WHO laboratory manual for the examination and procession of human semen</em> (<em>Fifth edition</em>) and related documents. <strong>Results:</strong> The normal fertility group and physical examination group showed significantly higher levels in sperm concentration, progressive motility, total motility, and sperm morphology than those in the male infertility group (<em>P</em> < 0.05);both the normal fertility group and the physical examination group have a higher qualified rate in sperm concentration, progressive motility, total motility and sperm morphology than the male infertility group, all <em>P</em> < 0.001. The percentage of patients having all qualified items in each group was 28.13%, 6.67%, and 6.51% separately. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The diagnosis efficiency was higher in sperm concentration, progressive motility, total motility, and sperm morphology than in other semen examination items. A more objective and efficient method of semen examination should be explored to facilitate the diagnoses of male infertility in the future.展开更多
Male infertility is a common and frequently-occurring disease in andrology clinics.Its pathogenesis and clinical symptoms are complex and changeable.The treatment of traditional Chinese medicine is mostly based on dia...Male infertility is a common and frequently-occurring disease in andrology clinics.Its pathogenesis and clinical symptoms are complex and changeable.The treatment of traditional Chinese medicine is mostly based on dialectical treatment.Modern physicians headed by Professor Wang Qi respected the theory of physique,combined body differentiation,disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation,and put forward a new diagnosis and treatment concept of"quality differentiation and treatment".Big clinical data has confirmed that there is a correlation between Damp-Heat(Etiological terms.It refers to a disease.The combination of heat and dampness.)physique and male infertility.In order to improve the therapeutic effect of male infertility due to Damp-Heat,through the differentiation and treatment of male infertility and the analysis of the theory of Damp-Heat physique,combined with the investigation and research results of Damp-Heat physique and modern doctors’experience in the treatment of male infertility from the perspective of Damp-Heat In summary,it is concluded that correcting the formation and development of Damp-Heat physique clinically has important clinical basis and therapeutic advantages for the prevention and treatment of male infertility.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> <span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Infertility is a major reproductive health care problem that affects the wel...<strong>Background:</strong> <span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Infertility is a major reproductive health care problem that affects the wellbeing of women. Although views vary between cultures, infertility is seen almost exclusively as a woman’s problem in Africa with secondary infertility being the most prevalent while sexually transmitted infections the most investigated cause of infertility. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The aim of this study was</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to determine the prevalence of female infertility in the Limbe and Buea Regional hospitals of the Southwest region of Cameroon from 2015-2019.</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Materials and Methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A retrospective descriptive design was used which involved studying clinical files of women within the reproductive age group (15 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 49) with infertility problems, at the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">gynaecological</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and maternity units of the selected hospitals in the Southwest region of Cameroon </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">over a period of</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> five years (2015-2019). Data were collected from all files included in the study.</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A total of 4609 females visited the two hospitals for investigation and 1111 files were identified with infertility giving </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">prevalence</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of 24 %. Three hundred and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">forty</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">three</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (343;31%) presented with primary infertility while seven hundred and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sixty</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">eight</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (768;69%) had secondary infertility. The average age of affected </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">female</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was 31.5 making age the predisposing factor of infertility because </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">after</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the peak of 25 years</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infertility </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">start</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ed</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> decreasing. Employment with salary and the association between diagnosis and age had a </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-value < 0.005 which was considered significant in this study.</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">This study found that the prevalence of infertility in Southwest Cameroon is high with secondary infertility being most predominant among infertile women with a prevalence of 69% caused principally by sexually transmitted infection (STIs). Age and occupation were significantly associated with infertility. Routine laboratory screening of women of reproductive age may reduce the high prevalence of infertility in the study area.</span>展开更多
Obesity has become a global pandemic since the last few decades with prevalence in more than one-third of the population in the United States. Another concurrent global health concern is the declining trend in male fe...Obesity has become a global pandemic since the last few decades with prevalence in more than one-third of the population in the United States. Another concurrent global health concern is the declining trend in male fecundity in terms of semen quality. Male infertility etiology is multifactorial with obesity serving as one of the major causatives. An array of research is directed in unveiling the potential mechanism underlying the obesity-induced male subfertility or infertility. Obesity may alter the hormonal milieu of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, its crosstalks with other metabolic hormones, upregulates secretion of adipose tissue-derived hormones and other factors, thus influencing the endocrine regulation of male reproduction. Obesity may also directly impair testicular functions by inducing genetic and epigenetic alterations in spermatozoa, disrupting sperm morphology and functions. Given the complexity of the condition of obesity and the multivariate etiopathology of male subfertility/ infertility, this review is aimed to provide an updated concept on how obesity mediated hormonal modulation may affect male fertility parameters.展开更多
The Y chromosome evolves from an autochromosome and accumulates male-related genes including sex-determining region of Y-chromosome (SRY) and several spermatogenesis-related genes. The human Y chromosome (60 Mb long) ...The Y chromosome evolves from an autochromosome and accumulates male-related genes including sex-determining region of Y-chromosome (SRY) and several spermatogenesis-related genes. The human Y chromosome (60 Mb long) is largely composed of repeti-tive sequences that give it a heterochromatic appearance, and it consists of pseudoautosomal, euchromatic, and heterochromatic regions. Located on the two extremities of the Y chromosome, pseudoautosomal regions 1 and 2 (PAR1 and PAR2, 2.6 Mb and 320 bp long, re-spectively) are homologs with the termini of the X chromosome. The euchromatic region and some of the repeat-rich heterochromatic parts of the Y chromosome are called "male-specific Y" (MSY), which occupy more than 95% of the whole Y chromosome. After evolu-tion, the Y chromosome becomes the smallest in size with the least number of genes but with the most number of copies of genes that are mostly spermatogenesis-related. The Y chromosome is characterized by highly repetitive sequences (including direct repeats, inverted repeats, and palindromes) and high polymorphism. Several gene rearrangements on the Y chromosome occur during evolution owing to its specific gene structure. The consequences of such rearrangements are not only loss but also gain of specific genes. One hundred and fifty three haplotypes have been discovered in the human Y chromosome. The structure of the Y chromosome in the GenBank belongs to haplotype R1. There are 220 genes (104 coding genes, 111 pseudogenes, and 5 other uncategorized genes) according to the most recent count. The 104 coding genes encode a total of about 48 proteins/protein families (including putative proteins/protein families). Among them, 16 gene products have been discovered in the azoospermia factor region (AZF) and are related to spermatogenesis. It has been dis-covered that one subset of gene rearrangements on the Y chromosome, "micro-deletions", is a major cause of male infertility in some populations. However, controversies exist about different Y chromosome haplotypes. Six AZFs of the Y chromosome have been discov-ered including AZFa, AZFb, AZFc, and their combinations AZFbc, AZFabc, and partial AZFc called AZFc/gr/gr. Different deletions in AZF lead to different content spermatogenesis loss from teratozoospermia to infertility in different populations depending on their Y hap-lotypes. This article describes the structure of the human Y chromosome and investigates the causes of micro-deletions and their relation-ship with male infertility from the view of chromosome evolution. After analysis of the relationship between AZFc and male infertility, we concluded that spermatogenesis is controlled by a network of genes, which may locate on the Y chromosome, the autochromosomes, or even on the X chromosome. Further investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying male fertility/infertility will facilitate our knowledge of functional genomics.展开更多
During spermiogenesis, the protamine proteins play an integral role in spennatid chromatin compaction.Recent research has focused on many facets of protamine biology, including protamine gene and protein structure/fun...During spermiogenesis, the protamine proteins play an integral role in spennatid chromatin compaction.Recent research has focused on many facets of protamine biology, including protamine gene and protein structure/function relationships, mechanisms of protamine expression regulation and involvement of the protamines in male fertility. In this paper, we review our current understanding of the structure and function of the protamine-1 (P1) and protamine-2 (P2) proteins and genes, the expression and regulation of these genes and the relationship between the protamines and male fertility. In addition, we offer a brief outlook on future investigation into protamine proteins.展开更多
文摘Introduction: About 10 to 15% of couples in the world and 20 to 30% in Cameroon consult for infertility problems. Infertility is of male origin in 40% of cases. Our objective was to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical aspects of male infertility in our setting. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study, with retrospective data collection from the files of patients received for male infertility, over 5 years and 6 months (from January 1<sup>st</sup>, 2016 to April 30<sup>th</sup>, 2021) at the Urology Department of the Yaounde Central Hospital. Phone calls were made to patients with incomplete records for completion following a verbal consent. Data reported on data collection forms were entered into a data entry form designed on CSPro software version 7.2. The database was later exported for descriptive statistics using the IBM SPSS software version 23. Qualitative variables were summarized in frequencies and percentages while quantitative variables were summarized in means with their standard deviations for normally distributed data, or medians and interquartile ranges otherwise. Results: Out of 110 patients whose records were analyzed, the median age was 37.0 years, with an interquartile range of 8.3, with 55.5% in the age group 30 to 39 years. Of these 95 (86.4%) were married, 58 (52.7%) were from the West region, 76 (69.1%) were employed. Past history was dominated by mumps 40 (36.4%), varicocele surgery 25 (22.7%), alcoholism 87 (79.1%) and smoking 15 (13.6%). A disorder of spermatogenesis was found in all our patients: 37 (33.6%) azoospermia, 27 (24.6%) asthenospermia and 26 (23.7%) oligospermia patients. Paraclinical evidence of chlamydia and gonococcal infections were found respectively in 38 (34.5%) and 14 (12.7%) patients, varicocele and testicular dystrophy respectively in 95 (86.4%) and 38 (34.5%) patients. Infertility was primary in 67 (60.9%) patients. Conclusion: Most patients with infertility were in their thirties, had risky social habits and comorbidities. An early start of health promotion activities, comorbidities prevention and early detection of spermogram abnormalities would make it possible to reduce the frequency of male infertility.
文摘Objective:To give a brief overview of the field of epigenetics and the potential predictive power that small non-coding RNA(sncRNA)may hold in relation to improving the treatment and diagnosis of male infertility.Methods:PRISMA-ScR was used as the scoping review guideline for this investigation.All article data here have been accessed from MEDLINE–PubMed,Science Direct,EBSCO,Scopus,Sage Journals,and Google Scholar.The terms"small non coding RNA,male,infertility,miRNA,sperm"were used in the search between 2015 and 2023.Results:The study comprised 35 publications in total.Several sncRNAs,miR-155,miR-16,miR-196,miR-525-3p,miR-891 were found to be effective in regulating the mechanism of spermatozoa processing in the infertility of men.sncRNA can be used as a biomarker of male infertility.Conclusions:sncRNAs can act as biomarkers for the diagnosis of reproductive diseases.Actually,by recognizing sncRNAs and their mechanisms,a new way to treat infertile men would be paved.The functional annotation of sncRNAs in spermatogenesis is still in its infancy but has enormous potential.This is despite the fact that many potential sncRNAs have been found to date with the use of cutting-edge technology and publicly accessible sncRNA annotation tools.
文摘Objective: To determine the effectiveness of selective tubal catheterization in the management of female infertility due to proximal tubal obstruction. Method: This was a longitudinal descriptive study, conducted over a period of 24 months, which included 73 patients presenting with objectified bilateral proximal tubal obstruction after standard HSG. The intervention was performed on an outpatient basis, during the follicular phase with negative β-hCG assay the day before, in the interventional radiology room and under antibiotic coverage. Confirmatory hysterosalpingography was performed as the first step followed by selective tubal catheterization after the failure of spontaneous tubal opacification. The parameters studied related to socio-epidemiological, clinical and radiological data. Results: The age of our patients was between 24 and 42 years with an average of 33.97 years. The average duration of infertility was 3.95 years, with a predominance of primary infertility in 83.56% of cases. Voluntary termination of pregnancy (38.89%) and fibromyomas (33.33%) were the most represented gynecological-obstetrical antecedents. Selective tubal catheterization was successful in 92.14% of cases (129/140 tubes). It was possible bilaterally in 93.02% of cases and unilaterally in 6.98% of cases. The confirmatory HSG allowed a spontaneous opacification of 4.10% of the fallopian tubes. At the end of the procedure, all the recanalized tubes were opacified;62.01% of them were normal, against 37.99% pathological with a preponderance of inflammatory tubes 26.61% followed by hydrosalpinx in 5.03% of cases. No major complications were encountered. The fertility rate was 23.29%. Conclusion: Selective tubal catheterization is a simple technique, without major complications with an efficiency close to natural fertility. It should be proposed as the first intention before any other procedure in the treatment of infertility by proximal tubal obstruction.
文摘Aims: Infertility is a major problem in our current societies and the Fertilia medical clinic in Bamako is a center for medical assistance in procreation (MAP) where there is an increasingly growing demand for ultrasound. The objective of our study was to investigate the ultrasound causes likely to prevent the occurrence of pregnancy in a group of infertile and subfertile women. Subjects and Methods: This was a 5-year cross-sectional and prospective study, between January 2017 and January 2022, which involved 250 women wishing to become pregnant (infertile or subfertile), who came for pelvic ultrasound or follicular monitoring and who agreed to participate in our study. The parameters used were ultrasound reports including uterine, ovarian and tubal pathologies. It should be noted that in some cases no ultrasound cause of infertility was found. Data were entered and analyzed in SPSS. Results: 250 women were recruited into our. The average age was 32 years with extremes ranging from 17 to 51 years. 179 patients or 71.6% were between 17 and 35 years old. 139 patients or 55.6% had secondary infertility against 44.4% primary infertility. 202 patients or 80.8% had at least one ultrasound lesion and 48 patients or 19.2% had no significant ultrasound abnormality. The most represented ultrasound lesions were of uterine origin with 72.20%, 23.7% ovarian lesions and 04% tubal lesions. Uterine lesions were dominated by myomas, adenomyosis, endometrial polyps, uterine malformations and synechiae. As for ovarian lesions we noted cysts, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), ovarian endometriosis, non-follicular ovaries and tubal ultrasound lesions showed unilateral or bilateral hydrosalpinx. Conclusion: In our study, ultrasound was an invaluable contribution to the diagnosis of the causes likely to explain subfertility and infertility in our respondents. She highlighted uterine, ovarian and tubal lesions, some of which could be corrected and pregnancies ensued.
文摘Background: Male age significantly affects semen parameters. However, there is no evidence on the impact of aging on semen quality in men residing in Libreville, Gabon. Objective: To determine the effects of age on semen quality of patients visiting the Reproductive Laboratory at the Academic Hospital Mère Enfant located in Libreville, Gabon. Methods: This descriptive and prospective study was performed between the 1st of October 2021 and 30st of September 2022. This study involved patients who had semen analysis as part of fertility check-up. Semen analysis was performed following the World Health Organization, 2010 guidelines. Semen parameters such as volume, leucocytes count, sperm concentration, sperm motility, norml morphology and vitality were used in the current study. Descriptive statistics were performed. The Chi-square test and the Fisher test were used as statistical tools for the analysis of data. The ROC curve was used to illustrate the data. Results: A total of 148 patients were included in the study. Male infertility prevalence was 77.03%. The average age was 41 years with minimum and maximum of 24 and 61 years respectively. Secondary infertility was predominant (66.9%). Patients displaying asthenozoospermia (22.3%) followed by those displaying oligoasthenozoospermia (OAT) isolated (1.4%) or not (11.6%) were the most frequent semen parameter abnormalities. Men aged more than 45 years were 4.4 times likely to have abnormal semen parameters. Odd = 4.4 (IC 95% = [3.3 - 14.7]). Staphylococcus haemolyticus infection was more prevalent. Conclusion: Male age was found to significantly influence semen quality.
文摘BACKGROUND Female infertility with unknown causes(unexplained)remains one of the mysteries in the reproductive health field,where the diagnostic evidence is still weak and the proposed treatments still work with unknown methods.However,several studies have proposed some possible causes and risk factors for unexplained female infertility.AIM To characterize and identify factors associated with unexplained infertility in Sudanese women.METHODS A matched(age and body mass index)case-control study was conducted from March 2021 to February 2022.The study samples were 210 women with unexplained infertility(UI)and 190 fertile women of reproductive age who were attending the maternity hospitals and fertility clinics in Khartoum,Sudan.The risk factors of unexplained infertility were identified using a structured,pretested questionnaire containing information on socio-demographic variables,anthropometrics,clinical diagnosis of infertility,behavioral factors,physical activity assessment,diversity,and consumption of different food groups by the study participants.RESULTS The results showed a higher proportion of women diagnosed with UI were residents of rural areas than controls(21.4%vs 11.1%,P<0.05),and previous miscarriages and/or abortions were more common in fertile women compared with infertile women(13.16%vs 5.71%,P<0.05).Additionally,infertile women had a significantly(P<0.05)higher proportion of family history of infertility(explained and unexplained)compared with controls.Finally,after controlling for the effects of potentially confounding variables using multivariable logistic regression analysis,only marital status,family history of infertility,use of modern contraceptives,smoking,caffeine consumption,physical activity level,meals consumed,other vitamin-A-rich fruits and vegetables,and other vegetables were found to be significant(P<0.05)factors associated with unexplained infertility among Sudanese women.CONCLUSION Married women with a family history of infertility who smoke and consume a high amount of caffeine,who live a sedentary lifestyle,and who consume more than two meals free of vitamin-Arich fruits and/or vegetables and/or other vegetables per day are at the highest risk of developing unexplained infertility.
文摘Male factor infertility has now become a major health disorder,affecting human reproduction and developing worldwide as a serious medical and social issue.It causes trauma,emotional instability,and mental stress in the affected couples.In nearly half of the analyzed cases,male-associated factors are the major contributors.The present review outlines a wide range of factors responsible for male infertility.We performed an in-depth literature review of the global index of infertility by using data from World Health Organization’s website,Elsevier’s,PubMed and Scopus databases as well as journals.The quality and quantity of semen,male hormonal imbalance,genetic deterioration,and reactive oxygen species are the fundamental causes of male factor infertility.In addition,air quality,water quality,noise pollution,lifestyle changes,improper diet consumption,malnutrition,exposure to chemicals and toxins,smoking habits,drug abuses,major diseases,and medications are also contributors to infertility issues that can temporarily or permanently influence male reproductive system.We also reviewed the prevalence of male infertility in different countries.
基金supported by the National Public Welfare Projects for Chinese Medicine(201507001)to Xiao Ke WuTheme-based Research Scheme(T13-602/21-N)from Research Grant Councilthe Health and Medical Research Fund(06170246)from Food and Health Bureau to Chi Chiu Wang。
文摘In this study,we used a network meta-analysis(NMA)to compare the effectiveness of medicines and supplements for idiopathic male infertility and to identify the best treatment.Medline,Excerpta Medica Database(EMBASE),Ovid,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),were searched for the period from January 1990 to June 2021 using the keywords"male infertility,""medical therapy,""supplement/nutrient therapy,"and related terms.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)investigating medicines(mainly follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),androgen,and clomiphene/tamoxifen)or supplements(mainly zinc,selenium,vitamin C or E,carnitine,coenzyme Q10(CoQ10),or combined treatment)for idiopathic infertile men were selected for meta-analysis.Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis(PRISMA)was used for data extraction,and a risk-of-bias tool and grades of recommendation,assessment,development,and evaluation(GRADE)system adapted to the NMA were employed to assess the quality of the evidence.The primary outcomes were live birth and spontaneous pregnancy rate(SPR).The secondary outcomes were sperm parameters(including concentration,progressive motility,and morphology)and side effects.In total,65 RCTs involving 7541 men with sperm abnormalities but normal hormone levels were included.A total of 36 studies reported SPR but only three reported live birth rates.The quality of the included studies was found to be moderate to high.Compared with a placebo or being untreated,carnitine plus vitamins significantly improved SPR(relative risk(RR)=3.7,95%confidence interval(95%CI),1.6-8.5);fatty acids significantly increased sperm concentrations(mean difference(MD)=12.5×10^(6)mL-1,95%CI,3.1×10^(6)-22.0×10^(6));and selective estrogen receptor modulator(SERM)plus CoQ10 significantly improved sperm progressive motility(MD=11.0%,95%CI,0.1%-21.9%)and normal sperm morphology(MD=11.0%,95%CI,4.6%-17.4%).The most optimal intervention was carnitine plus vitamins and fatty acids for SPR and sperm concentrations,respectively,even after excluding trials at a high risk of bias.Compared with a placebo or being untreated,FSH(RR=4.9,95%CI,1.1-21.3)significantly increased SPR,whereas SERM plus kallikrein increased sperm concentration(MD=16.5×10^(6)mL^(-1),95%CI,1.6×10^(6)-31.4×10^(6)),and SERM plus CoQ10 significantly improved sperm progressive motility(MD=11.3%,95%CI,7.3%-15.4%)and normal morphology(MD=11.2%,95%CI,5.4%-16.9%)in men with oligoasthenozoospermia(OA).In terms of side effects,fatty acids and pentoxifylline were associated with foul breath and/or a bad taste(RR=8.1,95%CI,1.0-63.5)and vomiting(RR=8.0,95%CI,1.0-63.0),respectively.In conclusion,the optimal treatment for male infertility for live birth is still unknown.Carnitine plus vitamins and FSH are likely to be better than other therapies in achieving successful spontaneous pregnancy in couples overall and in cou ples with men with OA,respectively.The efficacy of other treatments on pregnancy outcomes warrants further verification.
基金We are grateful for the Pharmacy Department at Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology that helped us in writing this review article.
文摘Male infertility is responsible for an estimated 50%of all cases of infertility.Treatments for male infertility include surgery,in-vitro fertilization,hormone therapy,and herbal remedies.Assisted reproductive technologies and methods have made it possible to identify and treat previously untreatable causes of male infertility.Currently available treatments for male infertility are prohibitively expensive,difficult to obtain,necessitate a lengthy course of treatment,and have a host of side effects.Herbal therapy offers male infertility treatment that is less expensive and has fewer side effects than other treatments.The current review focuses on the various treatment options for male infertility.
文摘According to the latest data,globally 15%of couples have infertility and male infertility contributes to 10%of all cases.Infertility can be caused by certain biological changes in the gonads and the reproductive system like azoospermia,oligospermia,asthenospermia,teratozoospermia and hypospermatogenesis.Genetic causes of azoospermia include chromosomal abnormalities,Y chromosome microdeletions and deletion or other mutations of Y-linked genes.The maximum number of the genes are located in the azoospermia factor region of the long arm(Yq)of the Y chromosome.Y chromosome microdeletion is known as the second major genetic cause of spermatogenetic failure.This article aims to review the latest updates on the involvement of Yq microdeletions in male infertility.The diagnostics,prevalence and phenotypic spectrum related to Yq gene microdeletions are discussed.
基金General project of the national natural science foundation of China(No.81774320)。
文摘Objective:To predict couplet medicinals Cuscuta-Medlar(CM)in treat male infertility and analyze their potential mechanisms by the network pharmacology method.Method:TCMSP,BATMAN and literature were used to obtain components of CM,and male infertility targets were predicted by OMIM and GeneCards databases.Cytoscape software was used to construct the"component-target-disease"network.The STRING web site was used for the analysis of Protein-to-protein interaction(PPI)data between compounds and disease.DAVID 6.8 was carried on GO analysis and KEGG pathway analysis.Result:A total of 52 active ingredients and 242 potential targets of CM were obtained,with 7661 male infertility related genes retrieved from disease database.Then 113 common targets were obtained.Biological processes were related to enzyme binding,signaling receptor binding and molecular function regulator.The biological pathways mainly included TNF signaling pathway,apoptosis-related signaling pathway,PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,FoxO signaling pathway,Thyroid hormone signaling pathway and toll-like receptor signaling pathway.Conclusion:CM may treat male infertility by inhibiting inflammation,inhibiting apoptosis and promoting spermatogenesis.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Healthy youth is an asset and strength for economic and social growth of any society. Developmental changes during puberty of youngsters need proper guidance to avoid future physical, physiological and psychological ailments. Bilateral Retractile Testis (BRT) is a health problem if remains unnoticed till adolescence can lead to tribulations. BRT may affect testicular parenchyma and spermatogenesis. Cremasteric muscles (muscles attached with testes) pull the testes up into groin so it randomly moves up and down and do not reside in its natural pouch always. It has been a controversial issue in male infertility as retraction may </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ffect infertility. </span><b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> To estimate the prevalence of male infertility among patients with Bilateral Retractile Testis. </span><b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methodology:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> A total of 200 male patients were enrolled after the power calculation, with different reproductive health problems between the age of 18</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 40 years during the year 2016 at Reproductive health clinic Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Center (JPMC), Karachi. 25 male patients were reported with infertility and BRT. The data was collected using self-developed questionnaire including outdoor patients’ physical check-up, manual testicular examination as size and shape were done. Patient height, weight, blood pressure, their lifestyle, and dressing regarding wearing tight jeans habits were asked. Semen analysis was carried out showing abnormality in sperm count, motility or morphology and entered and analysed in the SPSS version 10. Means and percentages were calculated. <b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Result:</span></b><span></span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Out of 200 male infertile patients, a total of 25 (12.5%) patients with a diagnosis of BRT were found in the sample with the mean age of 29 years. Moreover, it was identified that those having BRT also have low motility of the sperms. Base</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">d</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> on the results it was concluded that BRT is a possible cause of male infertility in Pakistani population. </span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></b></span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">BRT is a possible risk factor to affect sperm motility and low sperm motility can lead to male infertility. The study estimates the prevalence of 12.5% among our sampled men.</span>
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Although semen analysis is a basic method to evaluate male fertility, there was a certain deviation between the semen examination and the actual situation in clinical application. <strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate the application value of semen examination items in the diagnosis of male infertility. <strong>Method:</strong> Males recruited from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from June 2017 to December 2018 were divided into three groups: normal fertility group, physical examination group (premarital physical examination), and male infertility group. Each group received the following examination such as semen analysis (including semen volume, sperm concentration, progressive motility, total motility, round cell concentration), acrosin activity, and sperm morphology. All the semen analysis items mentioned above were operated according to the <em>WHO laboratory manual for the examination and procession of human semen</em> (<em>Fifth edition</em>) and related documents. <strong>Results:</strong> The normal fertility group and physical examination group showed significantly higher levels in sperm concentration, progressive motility, total motility, and sperm morphology than those in the male infertility group (<em>P</em> < 0.05);both the normal fertility group and the physical examination group have a higher qualified rate in sperm concentration, progressive motility, total motility and sperm morphology than the male infertility group, all <em>P</em> < 0.001. The percentage of patients having all qualified items in each group was 28.13%, 6.67%, and 6.51% separately. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The diagnosis efficiency was higher in sperm concentration, progressive motility, total motility, and sperm morphology than in other semen examination items. A more objective and efficient method of semen examination should be explored to facilitate the diagnoses of male infertility in the future.
基金General Project of Hunan Natural Science Foundation(No.2020JJ4068)Key project of Chinese medicine research plan of Hunan Province(No.2021001)+1 种基金Hunan province clinical medical technology innovation guiding project(No.2020 SK51403)Science and Technology Innovation Platform and Talent Plan of Hunan Science and Technology Department-Clinical Medical Research Center of Chinese Medicine for Male Diseases(2018SK4012).
文摘Male infertility is a common and frequently-occurring disease in andrology clinics.Its pathogenesis and clinical symptoms are complex and changeable.The treatment of traditional Chinese medicine is mostly based on dialectical treatment.Modern physicians headed by Professor Wang Qi respected the theory of physique,combined body differentiation,disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation,and put forward a new diagnosis and treatment concept of"quality differentiation and treatment".Big clinical data has confirmed that there is a correlation between Damp-Heat(Etiological terms.It refers to a disease.The combination of heat and dampness.)physique and male infertility.In order to improve the therapeutic effect of male infertility due to Damp-Heat,through the differentiation and treatment of male infertility and the analysis of the theory of Damp-Heat physique,combined with the investigation and research results of Damp-Heat physique and modern doctors’experience in the treatment of male infertility from the perspective of Damp-Heat In summary,it is concluded that correcting the formation and development of Damp-Heat physique clinically has important clinical basis and therapeutic advantages for the prevention and treatment of male infertility.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> <span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Infertility is a major reproductive health care problem that affects the wellbeing of women. Although views vary between cultures, infertility is seen almost exclusively as a woman’s problem in Africa with secondary infertility being the most prevalent while sexually transmitted infections the most investigated cause of infertility. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The aim of this study was</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to determine the prevalence of female infertility in the Limbe and Buea Regional hospitals of the Southwest region of Cameroon from 2015-2019.</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Materials and Methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A retrospective descriptive design was used which involved studying clinical files of women within the reproductive age group (15 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 49) with infertility problems, at the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">gynaecological</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and maternity units of the selected hospitals in the Southwest region of Cameroon </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">over a period of</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> five years (2015-2019). Data were collected from all files included in the study.</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A total of 4609 females visited the two hospitals for investigation and 1111 files were identified with infertility giving </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">prevalence</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of 24 %. Three hundred and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">forty</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">three</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (343;31%) presented with primary infertility while seven hundred and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sixty</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">eight</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (768;69%) had secondary infertility. The average age of affected </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">female</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was 31.5 making age the predisposing factor of infertility because </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">after</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the peak of 25 years</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infertility </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">start</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ed</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> decreasing. Employment with salary and the association between diagnosis and age had a </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-value < 0.005 which was considered significant in this study.</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">This study found that the prevalence of infertility in Southwest Cameroon is high with secondary infertility being most predominant among infertile women with a prevalence of 69% caused principally by sexually transmitted infection (STIs). Age and occupation were significantly associated with infertility. Routine laboratory screening of women of reproductive age may reduce the high prevalence of infertility in the study area.</span>
文摘Obesity has become a global pandemic since the last few decades with prevalence in more than one-third of the population in the United States. Another concurrent global health concern is the declining trend in male fecundity in terms of semen quality. Male infertility etiology is multifactorial with obesity serving as one of the major causatives. An array of research is directed in unveiling the potential mechanism underlying the obesity-induced male subfertility or infertility. Obesity may alter the hormonal milieu of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, its crosstalks with other metabolic hormones, upregulates secretion of adipose tissue-derived hormones and other factors, thus influencing the endocrine regulation of male reproduction. Obesity may also directly impair testicular functions by inducing genetic and epigenetic alterations in spermatozoa, disrupting sperm morphology and functions. Given the complexity of the condition of obesity and the multivariate etiopathology of male subfertility/ infertility, this review is aimed to provide an updated concept on how obesity mediated hormonal modulation may affect male fertility parameters.
文摘The Y chromosome evolves from an autochromosome and accumulates male-related genes including sex-determining region of Y-chromosome (SRY) and several spermatogenesis-related genes. The human Y chromosome (60 Mb long) is largely composed of repeti-tive sequences that give it a heterochromatic appearance, and it consists of pseudoautosomal, euchromatic, and heterochromatic regions. Located on the two extremities of the Y chromosome, pseudoautosomal regions 1 and 2 (PAR1 and PAR2, 2.6 Mb and 320 bp long, re-spectively) are homologs with the termini of the X chromosome. The euchromatic region and some of the repeat-rich heterochromatic parts of the Y chromosome are called "male-specific Y" (MSY), which occupy more than 95% of the whole Y chromosome. After evolu-tion, the Y chromosome becomes the smallest in size with the least number of genes but with the most number of copies of genes that are mostly spermatogenesis-related. The Y chromosome is characterized by highly repetitive sequences (including direct repeats, inverted repeats, and palindromes) and high polymorphism. Several gene rearrangements on the Y chromosome occur during evolution owing to its specific gene structure. The consequences of such rearrangements are not only loss but also gain of specific genes. One hundred and fifty three haplotypes have been discovered in the human Y chromosome. The structure of the Y chromosome in the GenBank belongs to haplotype R1. There are 220 genes (104 coding genes, 111 pseudogenes, and 5 other uncategorized genes) according to the most recent count. The 104 coding genes encode a total of about 48 proteins/protein families (including putative proteins/protein families). Among them, 16 gene products have been discovered in the azoospermia factor region (AZF) and are related to spermatogenesis. It has been dis-covered that one subset of gene rearrangements on the Y chromosome, "micro-deletions", is a major cause of male infertility in some populations. However, controversies exist about different Y chromosome haplotypes. Six AZFs of the Y chromosome have been discov-ered including AZFa, AZFb, AZFc, and their combinations AZFbc, AZFabc, and partial AZFc called AZFc/gr/gr. Different deletions in AZF lead to different content spermatogenesis loss from teratozoospermia to infertility in different populations depending on their Y hap-lotypes. This article describes the structure of the human Y chromosome and investigates the causes of micro-deletions and their relation-ship with male infertility from the view of chromosome evolution. After analysis of the relationship between AZFc and male infertility, we concluded that spermatogenesis is controlled by a network of genes, which may locate on the Y chromosome, the autochromosomes, or even on the X chromosome. Further investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying male fertility/infertility will facilitate our knowledge of functional genomics.
文摘During spermiogenesis, the protamine proteins play an integral role in spennatid chromatin compaction.Recent research has focused on many facets of protamine biology, including protamine gene and protein structure/function relationships, mechanisms of protamine expression regulation and involvement of the protamines in male fertility. In this paper, we review our current understanding of the structure and function of the protamine-1 (P1) and protamine-2 (P2) proteins and genes, the expression and regulation of these genes and the relationship between the protamines and male fertility. In addition, we offer a brief outlook on future investigation into protamine proteins.
