Background:In this study,we investigated whether prophylactic treatment with Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction(GSZ)could delay the onset of rheumatoid arthritis by targeting mast cells.Methods:Collagen-induced arthritis ...Background:In this study,we investigated whether prophylactic treatment with Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction(GSZ)could delay the onset of rheumatoid arthritis by targeting mast cells.Methods:Collagen-induced arthritis was used to evaluate the effect of GSZ in preventing arthritis and joint destruction.Immunohistochemical staining revealed the accumulation of histamine H4 receptor and tryptase alpha/beta-1 in the ankle joint of the model.Then,we explored the effect of GSZ serum on fibroblast-like synoviocytes using standard transwell invasion and migration assays.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot were used to detect the expression of toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/myeloid differentiationfactor 88(MyD88)/nuclear factor-κB p65(NF-κB p65).Results:The results showed that pre-rheumatoid arthritis treatment with GSZ could reduce inflammation and maintain cartilage structure in the collagen-induced arthritis model.Moreover,GSZ significantly blocked mast cell degranulation and inhibited the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB p65 pathway.Since the combined activation of mast cells via TLR4 and immune complexes enhances inflammation in synovial tissue,we concluded that GSZ may block mast cell degranulation by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB p65 pathway and thus influence rheumatoid arthritis onset.Conclusion:Taken together,our data suggested that GSZ may be a promising therapeutic decoction for the prophylactic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.展开更多
Mast cell activation syndrome(MCAS)includes a group of disorders that result in the inappropriate release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells.These mediators can affect multiple organ systems and lead to signifi...Mast cell activation syndrome(MCAS)includes a group of disorders that result in the inappropriate release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells.These mediators can affect multiple organ systems and lead to significant morbidity,and possible fatality.Although reactions,typically in response to various nonspecific stimuli,are usually mild,they may put those with MCAS at increased risk of anaphylaxis.In this case report,we present two clinical scenarios of MCAS,and identify possible factors triggering mast cell mediator release.We also define a preoperative preventive pathway,outline anesthetic considerations,and discuss the management of immediate hypersensitivity reactions in patients with MCAS.Meticulous preoperative preparation,avoidance of triggers,and development of a plan to treat possible adverse organ responses are paramount of good outcomes.展开更多
Mast cells are present in high numbers in the border-zones of the multiple sclerosis-plaques. They are located in small clusters along capillaries and venules, and they are more abundant in females than in men. Mast c...Mast cells are present in high numbers in the border-zones of the multiple sclerosis-plaques. They are located in small clusters along capillaries and venules, and they are more abundant in females than in men. Mast cells can be stimulated to release specific mediators such as histamine, resulting in oedema formation, as well as proteases that may cause demyelination, by several different activation mechanisms. We hypothesize that a putative mast cell activation may be induced by diet factor(s) as well as long lasting mental stress that may lead to the release of catestatin, as well as ACTH released from the pituitary gland. Given a natural flux of mast cell recovery and activation, a putative phenomenon of massive release of mediators and “silent” reload periods may explain the relapsing-remitting phases of multiple sclerosis.展开更多
AIM:To study the activation of pancreatic and pulmonary mast cells and the effect of mast cell inhibition on the activation of peritoneal and alveolar macrophages during acute pancreatitis.METHODS:Pancreatitis was ind...AIM:To study the activation of pancreatic and pulmonary mast cells and the effect of mast cell inhibition on the activation of peritoneal and alveolar macrophages during acute pancreatitis.METHODS:Pancreatitis was induced by intraductal infusion of 5% sodium taurodeoxycholate in rats.The mast cell inhibitor cromolyn was administered intraperitoneally(i.p.) 30 min before pancreatitis induction.The pancreatic and pulmonary tissue damage was evaluated histologically and mast cells and their state of activation were evaluated.Peritoneal and alveolar macrophages were obtained and the expression of tumor necrosis factor α was determined.Myeloperoxidase activity was measured to evaluate the effect of mast cell inhibition on the progression of the inflammatory process.Finally,the effect of plasma on cultured mast cells or macrophages was evaluated in vitro.RESULTS:The mast cell stabilizer signif icantly reduced inflammation in the pancreas and lung and the activation of alveolar macrophages but had no effect on peritoneal macrophages.Mast cell degranulation was observed in the pancreas during pancreatitis but no changes were observed in the lung.Plasma from rats with pancreatitis could activate alveolar macrophages but did not induce degranulation of mast cells in vitro.CONCLUSION:Pancreatic mast cells play an important role in triggering the local and systemic inflammatory response in the early stages of acute pancreatitis.In contrast,lung mast cells are not directly involved in the inflammatory response related to pancreatic damage.展开更多
Objective: Mast cells (MC) reside in the mucosa of the digestive tract as the first line against bacteria and toxins. Clinical evidence has implied that the infiltration of mast cells in colorectal cancers is related ...Objective: Mast cells (MC) reside in the mucosa of the digestive tract as the first line against bacteria and toxins. Clinical evidence has implied that the infiltration of mast cells in colorectal cancers is related to malignant phenotypes and a poor prognosis. This study compared the role of mast cells in adjacent normal colon mucosa and in the invasive margin during the progression of colon cancer. Methods: Specimens were obtained from 39 patients with colon adenomas and 155 patients with colon cancers treated at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between January 1999 and July 2004. The density of mast cells was scored by an immunohistochemical assay. The pattern of mast cell distribution and its relationship with clinicopathologic parameters and 5-year survival were analyzed. Results: The majority of mast cells were located in the adjacent normal colon mucosa, followed by the invasive margin and least in the cancer stroma. Mast cell count in adjacent normal colon mucosa (MCCadjacent) was associated with pathologic classification, distant metastases and hepatic metastases, although it was not a prognostic factor. In contrast, mast cell count in the invasive margin (MCCinvasive) was associated with neither the clinicopathlogic parameters nor overall survival. Conclusion: Mast cells in the adjacent normal colon mucosa were related to the progression of colon cancer, suggesting that mast cells might modulate tumor progression via a long-distance mechanism.展开更多
Mast cells are the main effector cells in IgE-associated allergic disorders,and we have reported that mucosal mast cells(MMCs)play a more important role in the development of food allergy(FA).IgE with antigen or calci...Mast cells are the main effector cells in IgE-associated allergic disorders,and we have reported that mucosal mast cells(MMCs)play a more important role in the development of food allergy(FA).IgE with antigen or calcium ionophore stimulation can lead to the activation of MMCs via a calcium-dependent pathway.The purpose of the present study was to identify gene signatures with IgE/antigen(dinitrophenyl-bovine serum albumin,DNP-BSA)or calcium ionophore(A23187)on the activation of MMCs.Differentially expressed genes between the two types of samples were identified with microarray analysis.Gene ontology functional and pathway enrichment analyses of differentially expressed genes were performed using the database for annotation,visualization,and integrated discovery software.The results showed that IgE/antigen and A23187 could induce degranulation,increase vacuoles,and elevate the cytosolic calcium concentration in MMCs.Furthermore,GeneChip analysis showed that the same 134 mRNAs were altered with IgE/DNP-BSA and A23187,suggesting that DNP-BSA/IgE and A23187 affect the same signal pathway partly in degranulation.KEGG analysis showed that the data were enriched in NF-κB,TNF,MAPK,transcription factor activity,DNA binding,and nucleic acid binding,suggesting that activation of MMCs is a complex process.The results provide new insights on MMCs activation.展开更多
Mast cells were observed in autopsies from 11 females and 8 males. We confirm earlier observations that mast cells are more frequent in close vicinity to MS-plaques. In these plaque-border zone areas, defined as the a...Mast cells were observed in autopsies from 11 females and 8 males. We confirm earlier observations that mast cells are more frequent in close vicinity to MS-plaques. In these plaque-border zone areas, defined as the area within 1 mm distance of the actual plaques, the average number of mast cells was 2.34/mm2 in males and 4.77/mm2 in females, which in average is appr. 10 times more than earlier observed in MS. The difference in number of mast cells between females and males is significant (p < 0.005) and is of interest since females are more inclined to developing MS than males. Mast cells were rare in areas without visible plaques. The mast cells were preferably located close to capillaries and venules. A mechanism for the probable role of mast cells, based on diet-factors and mast cell mediators in the pathogenesis of MS is discussed.展开更多
Corticotropin-releasing hormone is a critical component of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis,which plays a major role in the body’s immune response to stress.Mast cells are both sensors and effectors in the i...Corticotropin-releasing hormone is a critical component of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis,which plays a major role in the body’s immune response to stress.Mast cells are both sensors and effectors in the interaction between the nervous and immune systems.As first responders to stress,mast cells can initiate,amplify and prolong neuroimmune responses upon activation.Corticotropin-releasing hormone plays a pivotal role in triggering stress responses and related diseases by acting on its receptors in mast cells.Corticotropin-releasing hormone can stimulate mast cell activation,influence the activation of immune cells by peripheral nerves and modulate neuroimmune interactions.The latest evidence shows that the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone induces the degranulation of mast cells under stress conditions,leading to disruption of the bloodbrain barrier,which plays an important role in neurological diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,autism spectrum disorder and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Recent studies suggest that stress increases intestinal permeability and disrupts the blood-brain barrier through corticotropin-releasing hormone-mediated activation of mast cells,providing new insight into the complex interplay between the brain and gastrointestinal tract.The neuroimmune target of mast cells is the site at which the corticotropin-releasing hormone directly participates in the inflammatory responses of nerve terminals.In this review,we focus on the neuroimmune connections between corticotropin-releasing hormone and mast cells,with the aim of providing novel potential therapeutic targets for inflammatory,autoimmune and nervous system diseases.展开更多
OBJECTIVE A novel mast cell-specific G-protein-coupled receptor(GPCR),known as mas-related GPCR-B2(MRGPRB2),plays important roles in the immune response.The opening of ion channels mediated by MRGPRB2 activation remai...OBJECTIVE A novel mast cell-specific G-protein-coupled receptor(GPCR),known as mas-related GPCR-B2(MRGPRB2),plays important roles in the immune response.The opening of ion channels mediated by MRGPRB2 activation remains unclear.METHODS AND RE⁃SULTS Calcium influx induced by activation of MRGPRB2 receptor in mouse peritoneal mast cells was related to the concentrations of calcium ions in the extracellular solution.Similarly,the volt⁃age-dependent current generated by MRGPRB2 activation was also correlated with the extracellu⁃lar calcium concentration.In addition,the in⁃creased of calcium influx or voltage-dependent current caused by activation of MrgprB2 could be blocked by U73122(PLC blocker)or 2-APB(IP3-ORAI1 blocker).Meanwhile,calcium-activated chlorine channel(TMEM16A)was involved in the generation of voltage-dependent currents in⁃duced by MRGPRB2 activation in mouse perito⁃neal mast cells.Furthermore,the degranulation of mouse peritoneal mast cells mediated by MRGPRB2 receptor could also be inhibited by U73122 or 2-APB.CONCLUSION PLC-IP3-ORAI1-TMEM16A signaling pathway was involved in MRGPRB2-mediated mast cell activation.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the moxibustion effect and mechanism of"Complementary Acupoints"on rheumatoid arthritis(RA).[Methods]A total of 32 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 group:normal control(K),mode...[Objectives]To explore the moxibustion effect and mechanism of"Complementary Acupoints"on rheumatoid arthritis(RA).[Methods]A total of 32 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 group:normal control(K),model group(M group),"the Complementary Acupoints"Yanglingquan and Yinlingquan group(AB group),Shenshu and Zusanli group(CD group),with 8 rats in each group.Moxibustion was performed using refined moxa floss(2 mg/pc)on acupoints in both sides every other day,5 pieces for each acupoint,and implemented for 10 times.Before and after the modeling and after the intervention,the left foot sole thermal pain threshold of each group was measured.After the intervention,the rats'left paws were examined by X-ray to detect the number of mast cells(MCs)and degranulation in the affected area of the foot.[Results]The thermal pain threshold of the model group was lower than that of the K group(P<0.05).The number of MC in the affected area and the degranulation were increased.After the moxibustion intervention,the thermal pain threshold of the AB and CD groups was higher than that of the M group(P<0.05);the number of MCs and degranulation were decreased compared with M group,and the degree of reduction was better than that of CD group.The data of foot and claw showed that the foot and paw soft tissue swelling,bone and joint deformity and bone destruction were better in AB and CD groups were more relieved than that in M group.[Conclusions]The moxibustion of Complementary Acupoints can effectively intervene with RA of rats,and its mechanism may be closely related to the MC degranulation.展开更多
AIM:To study the bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic role of mast cells during infection with Mycobacterium.METHODS:Mycobacterium marinum(M.marinum)(BAA-535/M strain)was investigated for its ability to grow at a temperatu...AIM:To study the bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic role of mast cells during infection with Mycobacterium.METHODS:Mycobacterium marinum(M.marinum)(BAA-535/M strain)was investigated for its ability to grow at a temperature relevant to the mammalian host.Primary mast cells were differentiated from bone marrows of mice,a human mast cell line(HMC-1)and a human monocytic cell line(Mono Mac6)were maintained in culture.Mice were stimulated by intraperitoneal injection of heat-killed M.marinum to study cytochemically the degranulation of peritoneal mast cells.HMC-1 cells were stimulated with M.marinum to analyse m RNA expression for inflammatory reactant genes,while HMC-1 and primary mouse mast cells were infected with M.marinum to establish in parallel cell viability(lactate dehydrogenase release and cell counts)and viable mycobacterial counts.Flow cytometry was used to assess intracellular presence of fluorescein isothiocyanate labelled M.marinum after trypan blue quenching and to measure the extent of infection-induced apoptosis or necrosis in HMC-1.A GFP expressing recombinant M.marinum strain was used to assess intracellular location by fluorescence microscopy.Light microscopy of osmium tetroxide and Gram Twortstained sections of 0.5 μm and transmission electron microscopy were undertaken as sensitive methods.RESULTS:Since its isolation,M.marinum has adapted to grow at 37 ℃.This study found that M.marinum infects HMC-1 cells and primary murine mast cells,where they survive,replicate,and cause dose dependent cell damage over the analysis period of up to 120 h.Amikacin was an effective aminoglycoside antibiotic to eliminate extracellular or membrane attached M.marinum in order to adequately quantify the intracellular bacterial loads.In vivo,intraperitoneal injection of heat-killed M.marinum led to the release of mast cell granules in mice.HMC-1 cells stimulated with M.marinum showed a biphasic pattern of increased mR NA expression for LL-37 and COX-2/TNF-a during 24 h of stimulation.In HMC-1,M.marinum localised to the cytoplasm whereas in primary mast cells,M.marinum were found in vacuoles.CONCLUSION:The effector role of mast cells in infection with M.marinum can be studied in vitro and in vivo.展开更多
During the past decades,populous expansion in mast cell scientific literature came forth with more,than forty-four thousand PubMed publications available to date.Such surge is due to the appreciation of the momentous ...During the past decades,populous expansion in mast cell scientific literature came forth with more,than forty-four thousand PubMed publications available to date.Such surge is due to the appreciation of the momentous role of mast cells in the evolution of species,in the development and maintenance of vital physiological functions,such as reproduction,homeostasis,and fluids,diverse immunological roles,and the potential of far-reaching effects despite minute numbers.While the emerging knowledge of the importance of mast cells in equilibrium comes of age when looking at the matter from an evolutionary perspective,the recognition of mast cells beyond detrimental performance in allergies and asthma,during protection against parasites,falters.Beyond wellknown classical functions,mast cells can process and present antigens,can serve as a viral reservoir,can respond to hormones and xenobiotics,initiate antiviral and antibacterial responses,phagocytosis,apoptosis,and participate in important developmental cornerstones.During evolution,upon the development of a sophisticated niche of innate and adaptive cell populations,certain mast cell functions became partially transmutable,yet the potency of mast cells remained considerable.Reviewing mast cells enables us to reflect on the certitude,that our sophisticated,complex physiology is rooted deeply in evolution,which we carry ancient remnants of,ones that may have decisive roles in our functioning.This communication sets out the goal of characterizing mast cells,particularly the aspects less in limelight yet of immense significance,without the aspiration exhaust it all.展开更多
This paper reviews evidence that the presence of mast cells in specific sites of central nervous system, suggesting inflammatory processes, may explain all the symptoms observed in multiple sclerosis. This hypothesis ...This paper reviews evidence that the presence of mast cells in specific sites of central nervous system, suggesting inflammatory processes, may explain all the symptoms observed in multiple sclerosis. This hypothesis would be relatively easy to test.展开更多
Objective: To collect high quality, representative tissue material from tumors and manage its distribution to different laboratories. Design: Prospective controlled study. Animals: Thirty-six dogs with mast cell tumor...Objective: To collect high quality, representative tissue material from tumors and manage its distribution to different laboratories. Design: Prospective controlled study. Animals: Thirty-six dogs with mast cell tumors. Procedures: The samples were submitted for the following analyses: stereology;histopathology;cell culture;breakdown for cytogenetic analysis of chromosomes (based on the Boxer breed published genome);Cell lysis for Real Time PCR and quantification of gene expression of CX 43, 32 and E-cadherin in canine mast cells. Results: Cytogenetic chromosome analysis, 90.9% of the samples were considered to be of good quality. For gene expression quantification of CX 43, 32 and E-cadherin in canine mast cell tumors (MCT), 95.5% of samples were considered to be of good quality. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: We seek to assess the importance of surgical collection and post-surgical tissue preparation on laboratory testing by collecting surgical material appropriately to allow accurate diagnosis and reliable clinical prognosis and minimize errors caused by inadequate preparation of samples.展开更多
AIM: To investigate if there are changes in serotonin (5-HT) levels, enterochromaffin (EC) cells and mast cells in small intestinal mucosa of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). METHODS: Diarrhea-predominant...AIM: To investigate if there are changes in serotonin (5-HT) levels, enterochromaffin (EC) cells and mast cells in small intestinal mucosa of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). METHODS: Diarrhea-predominant (IBS-D, n = 20), or constipation-predominant (IBS-C, n = 18) IBS patients and healthy controls (n = 20) underwent colonoscopy and peroral small intestinal endoscopy, and mucosal samples were obtained at the descending part of the duodenum, proximal end of jejunum and terminal ileum. High-performance liquid chromatography- electrochemistry and immunohistochemical methods were used to detect 5-HT content, EC cells and mast cells. RESULTS: (1) There were no differences in the number and distribution of EC cells between IBS patients and the normal group. (2) The mucosal 5-HT contents at the duodenum, jejunum and ileum in IBS-C patients were 182 ± 90, 122 ± 54, 61 ± 35 ng/mg protein, respectively, which were all lower than those in the normal group (256 ± 84, 188 ± 91, and 93 ± 45 ng/ mg protein, respectively), with a significant difference at the jejunum (P < 0.05). There were no differences in the small intestinal mucosal 5-HT contents between IBS-D patients and the normal group. The mucosal 5-HT contents at the duodenum were significantly higher than those at the ileum in the three groups (P < 0.001). (3) The numbers of mast cells in patients with IBS-C and IBS-D at the ileum were 38.7 ± 9.4 and 35.8 ± 5.5/highpower field (hpf), respectively, which were significantly more than that in the normal group (29.8 ± 4.4/hpf) (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the numbers of mast cells at the other two parts between IBS patients and the normal group. The numbers of mast cells in IBS-C, IBS-D, and normal groups were all significantly higher at the ileum (38.7 ± 9.4, 35.8 ± 5.5, 29.8 ± 4.4/hpf, respectively) than at the duodenum (19.6 ± 4.7, 18.5 ± 6.3, 19.2 ± 3.3/hpf, respectively, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The changes in the 5-HT signaling pathway at the jejunum of IBS-C patients and the increase in mast cells in patients with IBS at the terminal ileum may offer evidence to explain the pathogenesis of IBS.展开更多
AIM: Silymarin is a potent antioxidant, antiinflammatory and anti-fibrogenic agent in the liver, which is mediated by alteration of hepatic Kupffer cell function, lipid peroxidation, and collagen production. Especiall...AIM: Silymarin is a potent antioxidant, antiinflammatory and anti-fibrogenic agent in the liver, which is mediated by alteration of hepatic Kupffer cell function, lipid peroxidation, and collagen production. Especially, in hepatic fibrogenesis, mast cells are expressed in chronic inflammatory conditions, and promote fibroblast growth and stimulate production of the extracellular matrix by hepatic stellate cells.METHODS: We examined the inhibitory mechanism of silymarin on CCl4-induced hepatic cirrhosis in rats. At 4, 8,and 12 wk, liver tissues were examined histopathologically for fibrotic changes produced by silymarin treatment.RESULTS: In the silymarin with CCl4-treated group,increase of hepatic stellate cells and TGF-β1 production were lower than in the CCl4-treated group at early stages.Additionally, at the late fibrogenic stage, expressions of TGF-β1 were weaker and especially not expressed in hepatocytes located in peripheral areas. Moreover, the number of mast cell in portal areas gradually increased and was dependent on the fibrogenic stage, but those of CCl4+silymarin-treated group decreased significantly.CONCLUSION: Anti-fibrotic and antiinflammatory effects of silymarin were associated with activation of hepatic stellate cells through the expression of TGF-β1 and stabilization of mast cells. These results suggest that silymarin prevent hepatic fibrosis through suppression of inflammation and hypoxia in the hepatic fibrogenesis.展开更多
Mast cells (MC) are pivotal elements in several physiological and immunological functions of the gastro- intestinal (GI) tract. MC translate the stress signals that has been transmitted through brain gut axis into rel...Mast cells (MC) are pivotal elements in several physiological and immunological functions of the gastro- intestinal (GI) tract. MC translate the stress signals that has been transmitted through brain gut axis into release of proinflammatory mediators that can cause stimulation of nerve endings that could affect afferent nerve terminals and change their perception, affect intestinal motility, increase intestinal hyperpermeability and, in susceptible individuals, modulate the inflammation. Thus, it is not surprising that MC are an important element in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and non inflammatory GI disorders such as IBS and mast cell enterocolitis.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the relationship between the mast cell density (MCD) and the context of clinicopathological parameters and expression of p185, estrogen receptor (ER), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) ...AIM: To investigate the relationship between the mast cell density (MCD) and the context of clinicopathological parameters and expression of p185, estrogen receptor (ER), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in gastric carcinoma.METHODS: Mast cell, p185, ER, and PCNA were detected using immunohistochemical S-P labeling method. Mast cell was counted in tissue of gastric carcinoma and regional lymph nodes respectively, and involved lymph nodes (TLN) were examined as usual.RESULTS: MCD was significantly related to both age and depth of penetration (χ2=4.688,P＜0.05 for age and χ2=9.350,P＜0.01 for depth of penetration) between MCD＞21/0.03 mm2 and MCD≤21/0.03 mm2 in 100 patients; MCD in 1-6 ILN group patients was significantly higher than that in 7-15 TLN or ＞15 TLN group patients (u=6.881, 8.055, P＜0.01);There were significant differences intergroup in positive expression rate of p185, ER and PCNA between MCD ＞21/0.03 mm2 and MCD≤21/0.03 mm2 in 100 patients.CONCLUSION: Mast cell may have effect on inhibiting invasive growth of tumor, especially in the aged patients; The number of mast cells, in certain degree, may predicate the number of involved lymph nodes, which is valuable for assessment of prognosis; MCD was related to the expression of p185, ER, and PCNA in gastric carcinoma. Tt suggests that mast cell accumulation may inhibit the proliferation and the dissemination of the gastric carcinoma.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effects of moxibustion on the morphology and function of mast cells (MC) at Tianshu (ST25) in rats with trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. METHODS: A total of 53 male Spragu...AIM: To investigate the effects of moxibustion on the morphology and function of mast cells (MC) at Tianshu (ST25) in rats with trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. METHODS: A total of 53 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group and experimental group. In the experimental group, a rat model of TNBS-induced colitis was established, and the rats were then randomly divided into a model group, moxi-bustion group, moxibustion plus disodium cromoglycate (M + DC) group and moxibustion plus normal saline (M+ NS) group. Rats in the moxibustion group received suspended moxibustion at bilateral ST25 for 10 min, once a day for 7 d. Rats in the M + DC and M + NS groups were pretreated with disodium cromoglycate and normal saline at bilateral ST25, respectively, and were then concurrently subjected to the same treatment as rats in the moxibustion group. The hematoxy- lin-eosin staining method was used to observe histology of the colon and the toluidine blue-improved method was used to observe mast cells at ST25 acupoint areas. RESULTS: An improvement in colonic injury in the moxibustion group was observed and the degranulation ratio of MC at ST25 acupoint was markedly higher in the moxibustion group than in the model group (45.91 ± 11.41 vs 32.58 ± 8.28, P < 0.05). After inhibition of degranulation of MC at ST25 by disodium cromoglycate, no improvement in colon tissue injury was observed. CONCLUSION: Moxibustion exerted its effect on healing impaired colonic mucosa in rats with TNBS-induced colitis by increasing the degranulation ratio of local MC, but had little effect on the morphology of MC at ST25 acupoint.展开更多
AIM To determine the functional role of mi R-490-5p in mast cell proliferation and apoptosis,and in the mast cell tryptase/PAR-2 signal pathway.METHODS The 3rd generation of lentivirus vector systems containing enhanc...AIM To determine the functional role of mi R-490-5p in mast cell proliferation and apoptosis,and in the mast cell tryptase/PAR-2 signal pathway.METHODS The 3rd generation of lentivirus vector systems containing enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP)(Ruisai Inc.,Shanghai,China),which acts as a reporter gene was used to construct the mmu-mi R-490-5p lentivirus expression vector p EGFP-antagomi R-490-5p,and the lentivirus vector p EGFP-negative was used as a negative control.The stably transfected mast cell line p815 was then constructed.GFP positive cells were successfully transfected cells.We determined the expression of mi R-490-5p in p815 mast cells before and after transfection using quantitative real-time PCR(q RT-PCR).In addition,after transduction with the lentivirus vectors,the role of mi R-490-5p in mast cell proliferation and apoptosis was investigated using the CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry,respectively.The m RNA levels of tryptase and PAR-2 were detected by q RT-PCR and the protein levels were detected by Western blot.RESULTS The inhibition of mi R-490-5p expression promoted apoptosis and inhibited proliferation of p815 mast cells.The m RNA levels of tryptase and PAR-2 were significantly increased after transfection comparedwith the control group,tryptase(P=0.721,normal vs null;P=0.001,si RNA vs normal;P=0.002,si RNA vs null)and PAR-2(P=0.027,si RNA vs null;P=0.353,normal vs null;P=0.105,si RNA vs normal).The protein levels of tryptase and PAR2 were slightly higher in the si RNA group than those in the control group,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).CONCLUSION mi R-490-5p plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome by affecting mast cell proliferation and apoptosis;with down-regulation of mi R-490-5p,the m RNA level of mast cell tryptase and PAR-2 increased,and the protein level increased,but the difference was not statistically significant.展开更多
基金funded by Zhejiang Nature Science Foundation(LQ20H270006)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC1705500).
文摘Background:In this study,we investigated whether prophylactic treatment with Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction(GSZ)could delay the onset of rheumatoid arthritis by targeting mast cells.Methods:Collagen-induced arthritis was used to evaluate the effect of GSZ in preventing arthritis and joint destruction.Immunohistochemical staining revealed the accumulation of histamine H4 receptor and tryptase alpha/beta-1 in the ankle joint of the model.Then,we explored the effect of GSZ serum on fibroblast-like synoviocytes using standard transwell invasion and migration assays.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot were used to detect the expression of toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/myeloid differentiationfactor 88(MyD88)/nuclear factor-κB p65(NF-κB p65).Results:The results showed that pre-rheumatoid arthritis treatment with GSZ could reduce inflammation and maintain cartilage structure in the collagen-induced arthritis model.Moreover,GSZ significantly blocked mast cell degranulation and inhibited the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB p65 pathway.Since the combined activation of mast cells via TLR4 and immune complexes enhances inflammation in synovial tissue,we concluded that GSZ may block mast cell degranulation by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB p65 pathway and thus influence rheumatoid arthritis onset.Conclusion:Taken together,our data suggested that GSZ may be a promising therapeutic decoction for the prophylactic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
基金supported in part by the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine of University of California Davis Health and NIH grant UL1TR000002 to the University of California Davis Health
文摘Mast cell activation syndrome(MCAS)includes a group of disorders that result in the inappropriate release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells.These mediators can affect multiple organ systems and lead to significant morbidity,and possible fatality.Although reactions,typically in response to various nonspecific stimuli,are usually mild,they may put those with MCAS at increased risk of anaphylaxis.In this case report,we present two clinical scenarios of MCAS,and identify possible factors triggering mast cell mediator release.We also define a preoperative preventive pathway,outline anesthetic considerations,and discuss the management of immediate hypersensitivity reactions in patients with MCAS.Meticulous preoperative preparation,avoidance of triggers,and development of a plan to treat possible adverse organ responses are paramount of good outcomes.
文摘Mast cells are present in high numbers in the border-zones of the multiple sclerosis-plaques. They are located in small clusters along capillaries and venules, and they are more abundant in females than in men. Mast cells can be stimulated to release specific mediators such as histamine, resulting in oedema formation, as well as proteases that may cause demyelination, by several different activation mechanisms. We hypothesize that a putative mast cell activation may be induced by diet factor(s) as well as long lasting mental stress that may lead to the release of catestatin, as well as ACTH released from the pituitary gland. Given a natural flux of mast cell recovery and activation, a putative phenomenon of massive release of mediators and “silent” reload periods may explain the relapsing-remitting phases of multiple sclerosis.
基金Supported by The Project SAF2006-08449 and agrant from Fundación para la Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de AlicanteInmaculada Lopez-Font has a Juan de la Cierva contract supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation
文摘AIM:To study the activation of pancreatic and pulmonary mast cells and the effect of mast cell inhibition on the activation of peritoneal and alveolar macrophages during acute pancreatitis.METHODS:Pancreatitis was induced by intraductal infusion of 5% sodium taurodeoxycholate in rats.The mast cell inhibitor cromolyn was administered intraperitoneally(i.p.) 30 min before pancreatitis induction.The pancreatic and pulmonary tissue damage was evaluated histologically and mast cells and their state of activation were evaluated.Peritoneal and alveolar macrophages were obtained and the expression of tumor necrosis factor α was determined.Myeloperoxidase activity was measured to evaluate the effect of mast cell inhibition on the progression of the inflammatory process.Finally,the effect of plasma on cultured mast cells or macrophages was evaluated in vitro.RESULTS:The mast cell stabilizer signif icantly reduced inflammation in the pancreas and lung and the activation of alveolar macrophages but had no effect on peritoneal macrophages.Mast cell degranulation was observed in the pancreas during pancreatitis but no changes were observed in the lung.Plasma from rats with pancreatitis could activate alveolar macrophages but did not induce degranulation of mast cells in vitro.CONCLUSION:Pancreatic mast cells play an important role in triggering the local and systemic inflammatory response in the early stages of acute pancreatitis.In contrast,lung mast cells are not directly involved in the inflammatory response related to pancreatic damage.
基金supported by research grant from the Plan Program of Science and Technology Department of Guangdong Province (2008 B030301079)
文摘Objective: Mast cells (MC) reside in the mucosa of the digestive tract as the first line against bacteria and toxins. Clinical evidence has implied that the infiltration of mast cells in colorectal cancers is related to malignant phenotypes and a poor prognosis. This study compared the role of mast cells in adjacent normal colon mucosa and in the invasive margin during the progression of colon cancer. Methods: Specimens were obtained from 39 patients with colon adenomas and 155 patients with colon cancers treated at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between January 1999 and July 2004. The density of mast cells was scored by an immunohistochemical assay. The pattern of mast cell distribution and its relationship with clinicopathologic parameters and 5-year survival were analyzed. Results: The majority of mast cells were located in the adjacent normal colon mucosa, followed by the invasive margin and least in the cancer stroma. Mast cell count in adjacent normal colon mucosa (MCCadjacent) was associated with pathologic classification, distant metastases and hepatic metastases, although it was not a prognostic factor. In contrast, mast cell count in the invasive margin (MCCinvasive) was associated with neither the clinicopathlogic parameters nor overall survival. Conclusion: Mast cells in the adjacent normal colon mucosa were related to the progression of colon cancer, suggesting that mast cells might modulate tumor progression via a long-distance mechanism.
基金This work was supported by the“Xinlin Young Talent Program”(A1-U1820502040237)from Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine“Sasakawa Scientific Research Grant”(23-401)from the Japan Science Society.
文摘Mast cells are the main effector cells in IgE-associated allergic disorders,and we have reported that mucosal mast cells(MMCs)play a more important role in the development of food allergy(FA).IgE with antigen or calcium ionophore stimulation can lead to the activation of MMCs via a calcium-dependent pathway.The purpose of the present study was to identify gene signatures with IgE/antigen(dinitrophenyl-bovine serum albumin,DNP-BSA)or calcium ionophore(A23187)on the activation of MMCs.Differentially expressed genes between the two types of samples were identified with microarray analysis.Gene ontology functional and pathway enrichment analyses of differentially expressed genes were performed using the database for annotation,visualization,and integrated discovery software.The results showed that IgE/antigen and A23187 could induce degranulation,increase vacuoles,and elevate the cytosolic calcium concentration in MMCs.Furthermore,GeneChip analysis showed that the same 134 mRNAs were altered with IgE/DNP-BSA and A23187,suggesting that DNP-BSA/IgE and A23187 affect the same signal pathway partly in degranulation.KEGG analysis showed that the data were enriched in NF-κB,TNF,MAPK,transcription factor activity,DNA binding,and nucleic acid binding,suggesting that activation of MMCs is a complex process.The results provide new insights on MMCs activation.
文摘Mast cells were observed in autopsies from 11 females and 8 males. We confirm earlier observations that mast cells are more frequent in close vicinity to MS-plaques. In these plaque-border zone areas, defined as the area within 1 mm distance of the actual plaques, the average number of mast cells was 2.34/mm2 in males and 4.77/mm2 in females, which in average is appr. 10 times more than earlier observed in MS. The difference in number of mast cells between females and males is significant (p < 0.005) and is of interest since females are more inclined to developing MS than males. Mast cells were rare in areas without visible plaques. The mast cells were preferably located close to capillaries and venules. A mechanism for the probable role of mast cells, based on diet-factors and mast cell mediators in the pathogenesis of MS is discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81671387(to YNQ),81701375(to HQD)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD),China.
文摘Corticotropin-releasing hormone is a critical component of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis,which plays a major role in the body’s immune response to stress.Mast cells are both sensors and effectors in the interaction between the nervous and immune systems.As first responders to stress,mast cells can initiate,amplify and prolong neuroimmune responses upon activation.Corticotropin-releasing hormone plays a pivotal role in triggering stress responses and related diseases by acting on its receptors in mast cells.Corticotropin-releasing hormone can stimulate mast cell activation,influence the activation of immune cells by peripheral nerves and modulate neuroimmune interactions.The latest evidence shows that the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone induces the degranulation of mast cells under stress conditions,leading to disruption of the bloodbrain barrier,which plays an important role in neurological diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,autism spectrum disorder and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Recent studies suggest that stress increases intestinal permeability and disrupts the blood-brain barrier through corticotropin-releasing hormone-mediated activation of mast cells,providing new insight into the complex interplay between the brain and gastrointestinal tract.The neuroimmune target of mast cells is the site at which the corticotropin-releasing hormone directly participates in the inflammatory responses of nerve terminals.In this review,we focus on the neuroimmune connections between corticotropin-releasing hormone and mast cells,with the aim of providing novel potential therapeutic targets for inflammatory,autoimmune and nervous system diseases.
文摘OBJECTIVE A novel mast cell-specific G-protein-coupled receptor(GPCR),known as mas-related GPCR-B2(MRGPRB2),plays important roles in the immune response.The opening of ion channels mediated by MRGPRB2 activation remains unclear.METHODS AND RE⁃SULTS Calcium influx induced by activation of MRGPRB2 receptor in mouse peritoneal mast cells was related to the concentrations of calcium ions in the extracellular solution.Similarly,the volt⁃age-dependent current generated by MRGPRB2 activation was also correlated with the extracellu⁃lar calcium concentration.In addition,the in⁃creased of calcium influx or voltage-dependent current caused by activation of MrgprB2 could be blocked by U73122(PLC blocker)or 2-APB(IP3-ORAI1 blocker).Meanwhile,calcium-activated chlorine channel(TMEM16A)was involved in the generation of voltage-dependent currents in⁃duced by MRGPRB2 activation in mouse perito⁃neal mast cells.Furthermore,the degranulation of mouse peritoneal mast cells mediated by MRGPRB2 receptor could also be inhibited by U73122 or 2-APB.CONCLUSION PLC-IP3-ORAI1-TMEM16A signaling pathway was involved in MRGPRB2-mediated mast cell activation.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China(H2014406047)Scientific and Technological Research Project for Institutions of Higher Education in Hebei Province of China(ZD2019085)Key Scientific Research Project of Chengde Medical University(201812).
文摘[Objectives]To explore the moxibustion effect and mechanism of"Complementary Acupoints"on rheumatoid arthritis(RA).[Methods]A total of 32 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 group:normal control(K),model group(M group),"the Complementary Acupoints"Yanglingquan and Yinlingquan group(AB group),Shenshu and Zusanli group(CD group),with 8 rats in each group.Moxibustion was performed using refined moxa floss(2 mg/pc)on acupoints in both sides every other day,5 pieces for each acupoint,and implemented for 10 times.Before and after the modeling and after the intervention,the left foot sole thermal pain threshold of each group was measured.After the intervention,the rats'left paws were examined by X-ray to detect the number of mast cells(MCs)and degranulation in the affected area of the foot.[Results]The thermal pain threshold of the model group was lower than that of the K group(P<0.05).The number of MC in the affected area and the degranulation were increased.After the moxibustion intervention,the thermal pain threshold of the AB and CD groups was higher than that of the M group(P<0.05);the number of MCs and degranulation were decreased compared with M group,and the degree of reduction was better than that of CD group.The data of foot and claw showed that the foot and paw soft tissue swelling,bone and joint deformity and bone destruction were better in AB and CD groups were more relieved than that in M group.[Conclusions]The moxibustion of Complementary Acupoints can effectively intervene with RA of rats,and its mechanism may be closely related to the MC degranulation.
基金Supported by Faculty for the Future Fellowship grant by the Schlumberger Foundation(recipient Siad S)
文摘AIM:To study the bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic role of mast cells during infection with Mycobacterium.METHODS:Mycobacterium marinum(M.marinum)(BAA-535/M strain)was investigated for its ability to grow at a temperature relevant to the mammalian host.Primary mast cells were differentiated from bone marrows of mice,a human mast cell line(HMC-1)and a human monocytic cell line(Mono Mac6)were maintained in culture.Mice were stimulated by intraperitoneal injection of heat-killed M.marinum to study cytochemically the degranulation of peritoneal mast cells.HMC-1 cells were stimulated with M.marinum to analyse m RNA expression for inflammatory reactant genes,while HMC-1 and primary mouse mast cells were infected with M.marinum to establish in parallel cell viability(lactate dehydrogenase release and cell counts)and viable mycobacterial counts.Flow cytometry was used to assess intracellular presence of fluorescein isothiocyanate labelled M.marinum after trypan blue quenching and to measure the extent of infection-induced apoptosis or necrosis in HMC-1.A GFP expressing recombinant M.marinum strain was used to assess intracellular location by fluorescence microscopy.Light microscopy of osmium tetroxide and Gram Twortstained sections of 0.5 μm and transmission electron microscopy were undertaken as sensitive methods.RESULTS:Since its isolation,M.marinum has adapted to grow at 37 ℃.This study found that M.marinum infects HMC-1 cells and primary murine mast cells,where they survive,replicate,and cause dose dependent cell damage over the analysis period of up to 120 h.Amikacin was an effective aminoglycoside antibiotic to eliminate extracellular or membrane attached M.marinum in order to adequately quantify the intracellular bacterial loads.In vivo,intraperitoneal injection of heat-killed M.marinum led to the release of mast cell granules in mice.HMC-1 cells stimulated with M.marinum showed a biphasic pattern of increased mR NA expression for LL-37 and COX-2/TNF-a during 24 h of stimulation.In HMC-1,M.marinum localised to the cytoplasm whereas in primary mast cells,M.marinum were found in vacuoles.CONCLUSION:The effector role of mast cells in infection with M.marinum can be studied in vitro and in vivo.
文摘During the past decades,populous expansion in mast cell scientific literature came forth with more,than forty-four thousand PubMed publications available to date.Such surge is due to the appreciation of the momentous role of mast cells in the evolution of species,in the development and maintenance of vital physiological functions,such as reproduction,homeostasis,and fluids,diverse immunological roles,and the potential of far-reaching effects despite minute numbers.While the emerging knowledge of the importance of mast cells in equilibrium comes of age when looking at the matter from an evolutionary perspective,the recognition of mast cells beyond detrimental performance in allergies and asthma,during protection against parasites,falters.Beyond wellknown classical functions,mast cells can process and present antigens,can serve as a viral reservoir,can respond to hormones and xenobiotics,initiate antiviral and antibacterial responses,phagocytosis,apoptosis,and participate in important developmental cornerstones.During evolution,upon the development of a sophisticated niche of innate and adaptive cell populations,certain mast cell functions became partially transmutable,yet the potency of mast cells remained considerable.Reviewing mast cells enables us to reflect on the certitude,that our sophisticated,complex physiology is rooted deeply in evolution,which we carry ancient remnants of,ones that may have decisive roles in our functioning.This communication sets out the goal of characterizing mast cells,particularly the aspects less in limelight yet of immense significance,without the aspiration exhaust it all.
文摘This paper reviews evidence that the presence of mast cells in specific sites of central nervous system, suggesting inflammatory processes, may explain all the symptoms observed in multiple sclerosis. This hypothesis would be relatively easy to test.
基金Supported by Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo(FAPESP).
文摘Objective: To collect high quality, representative tissue material from tumors and manage its distribution to different laboratories. Design: Prospective controlled study. Animals: Thirty-six dogs with mast cell tumors. Procedures: The samples were submitted for the following analyses: stereology;histopathology;cell culture;breakdown for cytogenetic analysis of chromosomes (based on the Boxer breed published genome);Cell lysis for Real Time PCR and quantification of gene expression of CX 43, 32 and E-cadherin in canine mast cells. Results: Cytogenetic chromosome analysis, 90.9% of the samples were considered to be of good quality. For gene expression quantification of CX 43, 32 and E-cadherin in canine mast cell tumors (MCT), 95.5% of samples were considered to be of good quality. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: We seek to assess the importance of surgical collection and post-surgical tissue preparation on laboratory testing by collecting surgical material appropriately to allow accurate diagnosis and reliable clinical prognosis and minimize errors caused by inadequate preparation of samples.
基金Supported by the Key Clinical Project (2004) from the National Ministry of Health, No. 2004-56
文摘AIM: To investigate if there are changes in serotonin (5-HT) levels, enterochromaffin (EC) cells and mast cells in small intestinal mucosa of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). METHODS: Diarrhea-predominant (IBS-D, n = 20), or constipation-predominant (IBS-C, n = 18) IBS patients and healthy controls (n = 20) underwent colonoscopy and peroral small intestinal endoscopy, and mucosal samples were obtained at the descending part of the duodenum, proximal end of jejunum and terminal ileum. High-performance liquid chromatography- electrochemistry and immunohistochemical methods were used to detect 5-HT content, EC cells and mast cells. RESULTS: (1) There were no differences in the number and distribution of EC cells between IBS patients and the normal group. (2) The mucosal 5-HT contents at the duodenum, jejunum and ileum in IBS-C patients were 182 ± 90, 122 ± 54, 61 ± 35 ng/mg protein, respectively, which were all lower than those in the normal group (256 ± 84, 188 ± 91, and 93 ± 45 ng/ mg protein, respectively), with a significant difference at the jejunum (P < 0.05). There were no differences in the small intestinal mucosal 5-HT contents between IBS-D patients and the normal group. The mucosal 5-HT contents at the duodenum were significantly higher than those at the ileum in the three groups (P < 0.001). (3) The numbers of mast cells in patients with IBS-C and IBS-D at the ileum were 38.7 ± 9.4 and 35.8 ± 5.5/highpower field (hpf), respectively, which were significantly more than that in the normal group (29.8 ± 4.4/hpf) (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the numbers of mast cells at the other two parts between IBS patients and the normal group. The numbers of mast cells in IBS-C, IBS-D, and normal groups were all significantly higher at the ileum (38.7 ± 9.4, 35.8 ± 5.5, 29.8 ± 4.4/hpf, respectively) than at the duodenum (19.6 ± 4.7, 18.5 ± 6.3, 19.2 ± 3.3/hpf, respectively, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The changes in the 5-HT signaling pathway at the jejunum of IBS-C patients and the increase in mast cells in patients with IBS at the terminal ileum may offer evidence to explain the pathogenesis of IBS.
基金Supported by the Brain Korea 21 project in 2004 the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry project, No. 202059032WTO11
文摘AIM: Silymarin is a potent antioxidant, antiinflammatory and anti-fibrogenic agent in the liver, which is mediated by alteration of hepatic Kupffer cell function, lipid peroxidation, and collagen production. Especially, in hepatic fibrogenesis, mast cells are expressed in chronic inflammatory conditions, and promote fibroblast growth and stimulate production of the extracellular matrix by hepatic stellate cells.METHODS: We examined the inhibitory mechanism of silymarin on CCl4-induced hepatic cirrhosis in rats. At 4, 8,and 12 wk, liver tissues were examined histopathologically for fibrotic changes produced by silymarin treatment.RESULTS: In the silymarin with CCl4-treated group,increase of hepatic stellate cells and TGF-β1 production were lower than in the CCl4-treated group at early stages.Additionally, at the late fibrogenic stage, expressions of TGF-β1 were weaker and especially not expressed in hepatocytes located in peripheral areas. Moreover, the number of mast cell in portal areas gradually increased and was dependent on the fibrogenic stage, but those of CCl4+silymarin-treated group decreased significantly.CONCLUSION: Anti-fibrotic and antiinflammatory effects of silymarin were associated with activation of hepatic stellate cells through the expression of TGF-β1 and stabilization of mast cells. These results suggest that silymarin prevent hepatic fibrosis through suppression of inflammation and hypoxia in the hepatic fibrogenesis.
文摘Mast cells (MC) are pivotal elements in several physiological and immunological functions of the gastro- intestinal (GI) tract. MC translate the stress signals that has been transmitted through brain gut axis into release of proinflammatory mediators that can cause stimulation of nerve endings that could affect afferent nerve terminals and change their perception, affect intestinal motility, increase intestinal hyperpermeability and, in susceptible individuals, modulate the inflammation. Thus, it is not surprising that MC are an important element in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and non inflammatory GI disorders such as IBS and mast cell enterocolitis.
文摘AIM: To investigate the relationship between the mast cell density (MCD) and the context of clinicopathological parameters and expression of p185, estrogen receptor (ER), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in gastric carcinoma.METHODS: Mast cell, p185, ER, and PCNA were detected using immunohistochemical S-P labeling method. Mast cell was counted in tissue of gastric carcinoma and regional lymph nodes respectively, and involved lymph nodes (TLN) were examined as usual.RESULTS: MCD was significantly related to both age and depth of penetration (χ2=4.688,P＜0.05 for age and χ2=9.350,P＜0.01 for depth of penetration) between MCD＞21/0.03 mm2 and MCD≤21/0.03 mm2 in 100 patients; MCD in 1-6 ILN group patients was significantly higher than that in 7-15 TLN or ＞15 TLN group patients (u=6.881, 8.055, P＜0.01);There were significant differences intergroup in positive expression rate of p185, ER and PCNA between MCD ＞21/0.03 mm2 and MCD≤21/0.03 mm2 in 100 patients.CONCLUSION: Mast cell may have effect on inhibiting invasive growth of tumor, especially in the aged patients; The number of mast cells, in certain degree, may predicate the number of involved lymph nodes, which is valuable for assessment of prognosis; MCD was related to the expression of p185, ER, and PCNA in gastric carcinoma. Tt suggests that mast cell accumulation may inhibit the proliferation and the dissemination of the gastric carcinoma.
基金Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (973 program), No. 2009CB522900National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30973785+1 种基金Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project, No. S30304Shanghai Rising-Star Program, No. 10QA1406100
文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of moxibustion on the morphology and function of mast cells (MC) at Tianshu (ST25) in rats with trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. METHODS: A total of 53 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group and experimental group. In the experimental group, a rat model of TNBS-induced colitis was established, and the rats were then randomly divided into a model group, moxi-bustion group, moxibustion plus disodium cromoglycate (M + DC) group and moxibustion plus normal saline (M+ NS) group. Rats in the moxibustion group received suspended moxibustion at bilateral ST25 for 10 min, once a day for 7 d. Rats in the M + DC and M + NS groups were pretreated with disodium cromoglycate and normal saline at bilateral ST25, respectively, and were then concurrently subjected to the same treatment as rats in the moxibustion group. The hematoxy- lin-eosin staining method was used to observe histology of the colon and the toluidine blue-improved method was used to observe mast cells at ST25 acupoint areas. RESULTS: An improvement in colonic injury in the moxibustion group was observed and the degranulation ratio of MC at ST25 acupoint was markedly higher in the moxibustion group than in the model group (45.91 ± 11.41 vs 32.58 ± 8.28, P < 0.05). After inhibition of degranulation of MC at ST25 by disodium cromoglycate, no improvement in colon tissue injury was observed. CONCLUSION: Moxibustion exerted its effect on healing impaired colonic mucosa in rats with TNBS-induced colitis by increasing the degranulation ratio of local MC, but had little effect on the morphology of MC at ST25 acupoint.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81160053(to Zhang FC)
文摘AIM To determine the functional role of mi R-490-5p in mast cell proliferation and apoptosis,and in the mast cell tryptase/PAR-2 signal pathway.METHODS The 3rd generation of lentivirus vector systems containing enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP)(Ruisai Inc.,Shanghai,China),which acts as a reporter gene was used to construct the mmu-mi R-490-5p lentivirus expression vector p EGFP-antagomi R-490-5p,and the lentivirus vector p EGFP-negative was used as a negative control.The stably transfected mast cell line p815 was then constructed.GFP positive cells were successfully transfected cells.We determined the expression of mi R-490-5p in p815 mast cells before and after transfection using quantitative real-time PCR(q RT-PCR).In addition,after transduction with the lentivirus vectors,the role of mi R-490-5p in mast cell proliferation and apoptosis was investigated using the CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry,respectively.The m RNA levels of tryptase and PAR-2 were detected by q RT-PCR and the protein levels were detected by Western blot.RESULTS The inhibition of mi R-490-5p expression promoted apoptosis and inhibited proliferation of p815 mast cells.The m RNA levels of tryptase and PAR-2 were significantly increased after transfection comparedwith the control group,tryptase(P=0.721,normal vs null;P=0.001,si RNA vs normal;P=0.002,si RNA vs null)and PAR-2(P=0.027,si RNA vs null;P=0.353,normal vs null;P=0.105,si RNA vs normal).The protein levels of tryptase and PAR2 were slightly higher in the si RNA group than those in the control group,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).CONCLUSION mi R-490-5p plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome by affecting mast cell proliferation and apoptosis;with down-regulation of mi R-490-5p,the m RNA level of mast cell tryptase and PAR-2 increased,and the protein level increased,but the difference was not statistically significant.
