This paper is a brief and selective review on hydrothermal synthesis of advanced materials. Some general comments about the hydrothermal synthesis of materials are presented. In particular, the surface modification an...This paper is a brief and selective review on hydrothermal synthesis of advanced materials. Some general comments about the hydrothermal synthesis of materials are presented. In particular, the surface modification and hydrothermal synthesis of functional powders (e.g. the hydrothermal coating of aluminum borate whiskers with chromium oxide, hydrothermal synthesis of Ni-Zn ferrite and magnesium hydroxide ) are introduced and their importance are explained.展开更多
High-resolution magic angle spinning(MAS)NMR can afford both qualitative and quantitative information of the solid,liquid and gas phase at atomic level,and such information obtained at in situ/operando conditions is o...High-resolution magic angle spinning(MAS)NMR can afford both qualitative and quantitative information of the solid,liquid and gas phase at atomic level,and such information obtained at in situ/operando conditions is of vital importance for understanding the crystallization process of material as well as the reaction mechanism of catalysis.To meet the requirement of experimental conditions for material synthesis and catalytic reactions,in situ MAS NMR techniques have been continuously developed for using at higher temperatures and pressures with high sensitivity.Herein,we will briefly outline the development of this technology and discuss its detailed applications in understanding material synthesis and heterogeneous catalysis.展开更多
Micro/nano metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their numerous unique properties,with many synthetic methods and strategies being reported for constructing MOFs wi...Micro/nano metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their numerous unique properties,with many synthetic methods and strategies being reported for constructing MOFs with specific micro/nano structures.In addition,the design of micro/nano MOFs for energy storage and conversion applications and the study of the structure–activity relationship have also become research hotspots.Herein,a comprehensive overview of the recent progress on micro/nano MOFs is presented.We begin with a brief introduction to the various synthesis methods for controlling the morphology of micro/nano MOFs.Subsequently,the structure-dependent properties of micro/nano MOFs as electrode materials or catalysts in terms of batteries,supercapacitors,and catalysis are discussed.Finally,the remaining challenges and future perspectives in this field are presented.Overall,this review is expected to inspire the design of advanced micro/nano MOFs for efficient energy storage and conversion technologies.展开更多
The energy materials performance is intrinsically determined by structures from the average lattice structure to the atom arrangement, valence, and distribution of the containing transition metal(TM) elements. Underst...The energy materials performance is intrinsically determined by structures from the average lattice structure to the atom arrangement, valence, and distribution of the containing transition metal(TM) elements. Understanding the mechanism of the structure transition and atom rearrangement via synthesis or processing is key to expediting the exploration of excellent energy materials. In this work, in situ neutron scattering is employed to reveal the real-time structure evolution, including the TM-O bonds, lattice,TM valence and the migration of the high-voltage spinel cathode LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4). The transition-metalmediated spinel destabilization under the annealing at the oxygen-deficient atmosphere is pinpointed.The formation of Mn^(3+) is correlated to the TM migration activation, TM disordered rearrangement in the spinel, and the transition to a layered-rocksalt phase. The further TM interdiffusion and Mn^(3+) reduction are also revealed with multi-stage thermodynamics and kinetics. The mechanisms of phase transition and atom migrations as functions of temperature, time and atmosphere present important guidance on the synthesis in various-valence element containing oxides.展开更多
Magnetic liquid can produce alternative internal pressure under the alternative high-frequency gradient magnetic field.Because it has higher bulk modulus,the internal pressure results in its volume change.Using piezoe...Magnetic liquid can produce alternative internal pressure under the alternative high-frequency gradient magnetic field.Because it has higher bulk modulus,the internal pressure results in its volume change.Using piezoelectric transducers,the ultrasonic wave generated by the vibration of magnetic liquids can be detected,which shows that the magnetic liquids have the magnetostrictive effect and can generate the ultrasonic vibration under the alternative magnetic gradient field.Some nonmagnetic abrasives and rust-proofing agents can be mixed into the magnetic liquids,under the alternative magnetic field,the abrasives held by magnetic liquids grind the surface of the workpieces,and thus,the finishing for the surface with complex shape,mold cavity and inner wall of tiny tubes can be realized.展开更多
Water constitutes the largest energy carrier on earth,absorbing more than 70%of the solar energy received by the earth's surface,yet its low exploitation has been a constant concern.The hydrovoltaic effect is an e...Water constitutes the largest energy carrier on earth,absorbing more than 70%of the solar energy received by the earth's surface,yet its low exploitation has been a constant concern.The hydrovoltaic effect is an emerging technology that generates electricity through the direct interaction between nanomaterials and water of various forms(raindrops,waves,flows,moisture,and natural evaporation).Especially,the evaporation-driven hydrovoltaic effect is a spontaneous and ubiquitous process that can directly convert thermal energy from the surrounding environment into electricity without the demand for additional mechanical work,which shows unique advantages compared with other hydrovoltaic effects.A variety of nanostructured materials have been steadily developed for evaporation-driven hydrovoltaic devices(EHDs)in recent years.However,there has been a lack of a clear specification on the selection and design of materials for improving device performance.Herein,we first analyze the mechanisms of EHDs followed by a summarization of the recent advances in materials,including carbon materials,biomass-based materials,metal oxides,composite materials,and others.We then discuss the strategies for improving the energy conversion efficiency and the output power in terms of structural design,surface modification,and interface treatment.Finally,we provide an outlook on the potential applications of electricity generation,sensors,and desalination technology,as well as the challenges and prospects for the development of this emerging technology in the future.展开更多
Development of next generation batteries requires a breakthrough in materials.Traditional one-by-one method,which is suitable for synthesizing large number of sing-composition material,is timeconsuming and costly.High...Development of next generation batteries requires a breakthrough in materials.Traditional one-by-one method,which is suitable for synthesizing large number of sing-composition material,is timeconsuming and costly.High throughput and combinatorial experimentation,is an effective method to synthesize and characterize huge amount of materials over a broader compositional region in a short time,which enables to greatly speed up the discovery and optimization of materials with lower cost.In this work,high throughput and combinatorial materials synthesis technologies for lithium ion battery research are discussed,and our efforts on developing such instrumentations are introduced.展开更多
文摘This paper is a brief and selective review on hydrothermal synthesis of advanced materials. Some general comments about the hydrothermal synthesis of materials are presented. In particular, the surface modification and hydrothermal synthesis of functional powders (e.g. the hydrothermal coating of aluminum borate whiskers with chromium oxide, hydrothermal synthesis of Ni-Zn ferrite and magnesium hydroxide ) are introduced and their importance are explained.
基金the financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21773230,91945302 and 21972143)the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA1502803)+2 种基金Liao Ning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC1807207)DICP&QIBEBT UN201808DICP I202104。
文摘High-resolution magic angle spinning(MAS)NMR can afford both qualitative and quantitative information of the solid,liquid and gas phase at atomic level,and such information obtained at in situ/operando conditions is of vital importance for understanding the crystallization process of material as well as the reaction mechanism of catalysis.To meet the requirement of experimental conditions for material synthesis and catalytic reactions,in situ MAS NMR techniques have been continuously developed for using at higher temperatures and pressures with high sensitivity.Herein,we will briefly outline the development of this technology and discuss its detailed applications in understanding material synthesis and heterogeneous catalysis.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC-U1904215,22205196)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20210790)the start-up fundings from Yangzhou University.
文摘Micro/nano metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their numerous unique properties,with many synthetic methods and strategies being reported for constructing MOFs with specific micro/nano structures.In addition,the design of micro/nano MOFs for energy storage and conversion applications and the study of the structure–activity relationship have also become research hotspots.Herein,a comprehensive overview of the recent progress on micro/nano MOFs is presented.We begin with a brief introduction to the various synthesis methods for controlling the morphology of micro/nano MOFs.Subsequently,the structure-dependent properties of micro/nano MOFs as electrode materials or catalysts in terms of batteries,supercapacitors,and catalysis are discussed.Finally,the remaining challenges and future perspectives in this field are presented.Overall,this review is expected to inspire the design of advanced micro/nano MOFs for efficient energy storage and conversion technologies.
基金supported by the Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)。
文摘The energy materials performance is intrinsically determined by structures from the average lattice structure to the atom arrangement, valence, and distribution of the containing transition metal(TM) elements. Understanding the mechanism of the structure transition and atom rearrangement via synthesis or processing is key to expediting the exploration of excellent energy materials. In this work, in situ neutron scattering is employed to reveal the real-time structure evolution, including the TM-O bonds, lattice,TM valence and the migration of the high-voltage spinel cathode LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4). The transition-metalmediated spinel destabilization under the annealing at the oxygen-deficient atmosphere is pinpointed.The formation of Mn^(3+) is correlated to the TM migration activation, TM disordered rearrangement in the spinel, and the transition to a layered-rocksalt phase. The further TM interdiffusion and Mn^(3+) reduction are also revealed with multi-stage thermodynamics and kinetics. The mechanisms of phase transition and atom migrations as functions of temperature, time and atmosphere present important guidance on the synthesis in various-valence element containing oxides.
基金Sponsored by Zhejiang Province Scientific and Technological Key Task Program (2007C21025)Ningbo Science and Technological Key Task Program (2007B10010)
文摘Magnetic liquid can produce alternative internal pressure under the alternative high-frequency gradient magnetic field.Because it has higher bulk modulus,the internal pressure results in its volume change.Using piezoelectric transducers,the ultrasonic wave generated by the vibration of magnetic liquids can be detected,which shows that the magnetic liquids have the magnetostrictive effect and can generate the ultrasonic vibration under the alternative magnetic gradient field.Some nonmagnetic abrasives and rust-proofing agents can be mixed into the magnetic liquids,under the alternative magnetic field,the abrasives held by magnetic liquids grind the surface of the workpieces,and thus,the finishing for the surface with complex shape,mold cavity and inner wall of tiny tubes can be realized.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2019YFA0705400The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:NJ202202+1 种基金The Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures,Grant/Award Number:MCMS-I-0421K01Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,Grant/Award Number:BK20212008。
文摘Water constitutes the largest energy carrier on earth,absorbing more than 70%of the solar energy received by the earth's surface,yet its low exploitation has been a constant concern.The hydrovoltaic effect is an emerging technology that generates electricity through the direct interaction between nanomaterials and water of various forms(raindrops,waves,flows,moisture,and natural evaporation).Especially,the evaporation-driven hydrovoltaic effect is a spontaneous and ubiquitous process that can directly convert thermal energy from the surrounding environment into electricity without the demand for additional mechanical work,which shows unique advantages compared with other hydrovoltaic effects.A variety of nanostructured materials have been steadily developed for evaporation-driven hydrovoltaic devices(EHDs)in recent years.However,there has been a lack of a clear specification on the selection and design of materials for improving device performance.Herein,we first analyze the mechanisms of EHDs followed by a summarization of the recent advances in materials,including carbon materials,biomass-based materials,metal oxides,composite materials,and others.We then discuss the strategies for improving the energy conversion efficiency and the output power in terms of structural design,surface modification,and interface treatment.Finally,we provide an outlook on the potential applications of electricity generation,sensors,and desalination technology,as well as the challenges and prospects for the development of this emerging technology in the future.
文摘Development of next generation batteries requires a breakthrough in materials.Traditional one-by-one method,which is suitable for synthesizing large number of sing-composition material,is timeconsuming and costly.High throughput and combinatorial experimentation,is an effective method to synthesize and characterize huge amount of materials over a broader compositional region in a short time,which enables to greatly speed up the discovery and optimization of materials with lower cost.In this work,high throughput and combinatorial materials synthesis technologies for lithium ion battery research are discussed,and our efforts on developing such instrumentations are introduced.
