The objective of traffic accident reconstruction is to recreate the event, which is necessary for analyzing the collision dynamics that is used as evidence in court cases. Traffic accident reconstruction and a demonst...The objective of traffic accident reconstruction is to recreate the event, which is necessary for analyzing the collision dynamics that is used as evidence in court cases. Traffic accident reconstruction and a demonstration of the event require precise data pertaining to scene measurement. However, there are differences between the individual measuring tools and methods related to traffic accident investigation, just as there are differences between the extent of their use and measurement accuracy. The most commonly applied method is the measuring tape, followed by measurements with total stations and laser rangefinders, while photogrammetry is also becoming increasingly important. The advantages and disadvantages of individual tools and methods affect the required number of investigators, portability, measurement range, applicability depending on the amount of light and weather conditions, on the possibility of remote measurement, on data collection time, on the scope, on the option to later process, the collected data and above all on the accuracy of all gathered data. The latter is crucial for proving the guilt or innocence of traffic accident participants at court, as inaccurate data can lead to an unjust sentence. Measurement accuracy using the above mentioned tools and methods also varies depending on which ones are used, as well as on other factors.展开更多
Background:To systematically evaluate the measurement performance of the maternal and child health literacy scale and the study’s methodological quality and to provide a reference for selecting and developing related...Background:To systematically evaluate the measurement performance of the maternal and child health literacy scale and the study’s methodological quality and to provide a reference for selecting and developing related health outcome measurement tools.Methods:Databases such as CNKI,PubMed,and Embase were searched,and the search time frame was established until January 2023.The literature was independently screened by two researchers.The methodological quality and measurement performance of the included scales were evaluated using the health measurement tool selection criteria,and the evaluation results were summarized and analyzed using descriptive analysis.Results:A total of six papers were included,covering six specific scales,with significant differences in the methodological quality and measurement performance of their development studies,none of which evaluated hypothesis testing,the validity of scales,cross-cultural validity,measurement error,or responsiveness.Conclusion:The methodological quality and scale measurement performance of the maternal health literacy inventory in pregnancy,the women’s reproductive health literacy in pregnancy questionnaire,and the maternal and infant health literacy scale development studies are relatively high,but the number of studies on maternal and infant health literacy specific scales is relatively insufficient,and more studies should be conducted in the future.展开更多
From the perspective of the biopsychosocial medical model,hemodialysis patients often suffer from psychosocial maladaptation in the face of a series of changes and pressures,which greatly affect their physical and men...From the perspective of the biopsychosocial medical model,hemodialysis patients often suffer from psychosocial maladaptation in the face of a series of changes and pressures,which greatly affect their physical and mental health.This paper reviews the concept of psychosocial adaptation of hemodialysis patients,the current research status,influencing factors,measurement tools,and the current status of interventions,aiming to provide a reference for improving the psychosocial adaptation ability of hemodialysis patients.展开更多
The International Accounting Standards Board （IASB） and the Financial Accounting Standards Board （FASB） stress the importance of high-quality ＇financial reports. From a scientific point of view, however, major me...The International Accounting Standards Board （IASB） and the Financial Accounting Standards Board （FASB） stress the importance of high-quality ＇financial reports. From a scientific point of view, however, major methodological drawbacks can arise when trying to arrive at a comprehensive assessment and evaluation of the decision usefulness of financial reports. In this conceptually-based exploratory study, the authors construct a 33-item index aimed at operationalizing decision usefulness in terms of the fundamental and enhancing qualitative characteristics laid out in the conceptual framework （CF） of the IASB （2010）. Using a matched-pairs sample design, which includes 70 UK annual reports and 70 US 10-K reports for 2010, the results of test-retest and inter-rater reliability tests show that these multiple items, which were based on items used in previous research, can be measured in a reliable manner. At the same time, the results of an exploratory factor analysis indicate that the IASB qualitative characteristics cannot be measured separately when the 33-item index is applied. At an aggregate level, the results of paired-sample t-tests reveal that UK reports score on average higher than US 10-K reports, which suggests that the overall quality of UK reports is better. The findings of this study add to the existing literature on the empirical evaluation of the effects of international accounting standards, showing that, as compared with 10-K reports, UK annual reports provide more information on topics such as corporate social responsibility （CSR）, corporate governance, and annual bonus schemes. On the other hand, US reports outperform UK reports with respect to the content of fair value information, cash flow statements, off-balance financing, and audit reporting.展开更多
Job burnout is an important factor affecting the work attitude and professional behavior of family doctors.This paper reviews the measurement tools,influencing factors and intervention strategies of job burnout,it is ...Job burnout is an important factor affecting the work attitude and professional behavior of family doctors.This paper reviews the measurement tools,influencing factors and intervention strategies of job burnout,it is suggested that improving job burnout can improve job satisfaction,work efficiency and reduce turnover intention of family doctors,and it is of great significance to the construction of family doctor team and the improvement of work quality.展开更多
The tool state exerts a strong influence on surface quality and profile accuracy during precision/ultraprecision machining.However,current on-machine measurement methods cannot precisely obtain the tool nose radius an...The tool state exerts a strong influence on surface quality and profile accuracy during precision/ultraprecision machining.However,current on-machine measurement methods cannot precisely obtain the tool nose radius and wear.This study therefore investigated the onmachine measurement of tool nose radius on the order of hundreds of microns and wear on the order of a few microns to tens of microns during precision/ultra-precision machining using the edge reversal method.To provide the necessary replication,pure aluminum and pure copper soft metal substrates were evaluated,with pure copper exhibiting superior performance.The feasibility of the measurement method was then demonstrated by evaluating the replication accuracy using a 3D surface topography instrument;the measurement error was only 0.1%.The wear of the cutting tool was measured using the proposed method to obtain the maximum values for tool arc wear,flank wear,and wear depth of 3.4 lm,73.5 lm and 3.7 lm,respectively.展开更多
Background:Prevention of tuberculosis(TB)-related stigma is vital to achieving the World Health Organisation’s End TB Strategy target of eliminating TB.However,the process and impact evaluation of interventions to re...Background:Prevention of tuberculosis(TB)-related stigma is vital to achieving the World Health Organisation’s End TB Strategy target of eliminating TB.However,the process and impact evaluation of interventions to reduce TB-stigma are limited.This literature review aimed to examine the quality,design,implementation challenges,and successes of TB-stigma intervention studies and create a novel conceptual framework of pathways to TB-stigma reduction.Method:We searched relevant articles recorded in four scientifc databases from 1999 to 2022,using pre-defned inclusion and exclusion criteria,supplemented by the snowball method and complementary grey literature searches.We assessed the quality of studies using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool,then reviewed study characteristics,data on stigma measurement tools used,and interventions implemented,and designed a conceptual framework to illustrate the pathways to TB-stigma reduction in the interventions identifed.Results:Of 14,259 articles identifed,eleven met inclusion criteria,of which three were high quality.TB-stigma reduction interventions consisted mainly of education and psychosocial support targeted predominantly toward three key populations:people with TB,healthcare workers,and the public.No psychosocial interventions for people with TB set TB-stigma reduction as their primary or co-primary aim.Eight studies on healthcare workers and the public reported a decrease in TB-stigma attributed to the interventions.Despite the benefts,the interventions were limited by a dearth of validated stigma measurement tools.Three of eight studies with quantitative stigma measurement questionnaires had not been previously validated among people with TB.No qualitative studies used previously validated methods or tools to qualitatively evaluate stigma.On the basis of these fndings,we generated a conceptual framework that mapped the population targeted,interventions delivered,and their potential efects on reducing TB-stigma towards and experienced by people with TB and healthcare workers involved in TB care.Conclusions:Interpretation of the limited evidence on interventions to reduce TB-stigma is hampered by the heterogeneity of stigma measurement tools,intervention design,and outcome measures.Our novel conceptual framework will support mapping of the pathways to impacts of TB-stigma reduction interventions.展开更多
The aim of this study was to test the validity and reliability of a tool for measuring the disaster resilience of healthcare disaster rescuers.A cross-sectional study involving 936 healthcare disaster rescuers of the ...The aim of this study was to test the validity and reliability of a tool for measuring the disaster resilience of healthcare disaster rescuers.A cross-sectional study involving 936 healthcare disaster rescuers of the Sichuan Disaster Response Team was conducted to establish the psychometric properties of the disaster resilience measuring tool(DRMT).Item analysis,exploratory factor analysis,confirmatory factor analysis,and correlation analysis were adopted to analyze the data.Item analysis showed that all but three items had the critical ratio over 3,which indicates adequate discriminability for inclusion in the measuring tool.The exploratory factor analysis showed that 65.93%of the total variance was explained by four factors—self-efficacy,social support,positive growth,and altruism.The confirmatory factor analysis showed goodness of fit for the four-factor model:CMIN/DF(2.846),GFI(0.916≥0.90),CFI(0.949≥0.90),AGFI(0.891≥0.80),and RMSEA(0.063≤0.08).Criterion validity demonstrated significant associations of the DRMT and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(P<0.01,r=0.566).Convergent validity was established by correlation with stress(P<0.05,r=-0.095),depression(P<0.01,r=-0.127),posttraumatic stress disorder-PCL-C(P<0.05,r=-0.100),compassion satisfaction(P<0.01,r=0.536),and burnout(P<0.01,r=-0.330).The DRMT demonstrated adequate internal consistency(Cronbach’s alpha>0.84)and stability over the two-week study period(intraclass correlation coefficient>0.85),and a cut-off point of 61 was suggested.The disaster resilience measuring tool has satisfactory psychometric properties and is a valid,reliable,and valuable instrument for assessing disaster resilience in healthcare rescue workers.The scale needs to be tested further among other populations and those from other cultures.展开更多
文摘The objective of traffic accident reconstruction is to recreate the event, which is necessary for analyzing the collision dynamics that is used as evidence in court cases. Traffic accident reconstruction and a demonstration of the event require precise data pertaining to scene measurement. However, there are differences between the individual measuring tools and methods related to traffic accident investigation, just as there are differences between the extent of their use and measurement accuracy. The most commonly applied method is the measuring tape, followed by measurements with total stations and laser rangefinders, while photogrammetry is also becoming increasingly important. The advantages and disadvantages of individual tools and methods affect the required number of investigators, portability, measurement range, applicability depending on the amount of light and weather conditions, on the possibility of remote measurement, on data collection time, on the scope, on the option to later process, the collected data and above all on the accuracy of all gathered data. The latter is crucial for proving the guilt or innocence of traffic accident participants at court, as inaccurate data can lead to an unjust sentence. Measurement accuracy using the above mentioned tools and methods also varies depending on which ones are used, as well as on other factors.
文摘Background:To systematically evaluate the measurement performance of the maternal and child health literacy scale and the study’s methodological quality and to provide a reference for selecting and developing related health outcome measurement tools.Methods:Databases such as CNKI,PubMed,and Embase were searched,and the search time frame was established until January 2023.The literature was independently screened by two researchers.The methodological quality and measurement performance of the included scales were evaluated using the health measurement tool selection criteria,and the evaluation results were summarized and analyzed using descriptive analysis.Results:A total of six papers were included,covering six specific scales,with significant differences in the methodological quality and measurement performance of their development studies,none of which evaluated hypothesis testing,the validity of scales,cross-cultural validity,measurement error,or responsiveness.Conclusion:The methodological quality and scale measurement performance of the maternal health literacy inventory in pregnancy,the women’s reproductive health literacy in pregnancy questionnaire,and the maternal and infant health literacy scale development studies are relatively high,but the number of studies on maternal and infant health literacy specific scales is relatively insufficient,and more studies should be conducted in the future.
文摘From the perspective of the biopsychosocial medical model,hemodialysis patients often suffer from psychosocial maladaptation in the face of a series of changes and pressures,which greatly affect their physical and mental health.This paper reviews the concept of psychosocial adaptation of hemodialysis patients,the current research status,influencing factors,measurement tools,and the current status of interventions,aiming to provide a reference for improving the psychosocial adaptation ability of hemodialysis patients.
文摘The International Accounting Standards Board （IASB） and the Financial Accounting Standards Board （FASB） stress the importance of high-quality ＇financial reports. From a scientific point of view, however, major methodological drawbacks can arise when trying to arrive at a comprehensive assessment and evaluation of the decision usefulness of financial reports. In this conceptually-based exploratory study, the authors construct a 33-item index aimed at operationalizing decision usefulness in terms of the fundamental and enhancing qualitative characteristics laid out in the conceptual framework （CF） of the IASB （2010）. Using a matched-pairs sample design, which includes 70 UK annual reports and 70 US 10-K reports for 2010, the results of test-retest and inter-rater reliability tests show that these multiple items, which were based on items used in previous research, can be measured in a reliable manner. At the same time, the results of an exploratory factor analysis indicate that the IASB qualitative characteristics cannot be measured separately when the 33-item index is applied. At an aggregate level, the results of paired-sample t-tests reveal that UK reports score on average higher than US 10-K reports, which suggests that the overall quality of UK reports is better. The findings of this study add to the existing literature on the empirical evaluation of the effects of international accounting standards, showing that, as compared with 10-K reports, UK annual reports provide more information on topics such as corporate social responsibility （CSR）, corporate governance, and annual bonus schemes. On the other hand, US reports outperform UK reports with respect to the content of fair value information, cash flow statements, off-balance financing, and audit reporting.
文摘Job burnout is an important factor affecting the work attitude and professional behavior of family doctors.This paper reviews the measurement tools,influencing factors and intervention strategies of job burnout,it is suggested that improving job burnout can improve job satisfaction,work efficiency and reduce turnover intention of family doctors,and it is of great significance to the construction of family doctor team and the improvement of work quality.
基金the financial support provided by the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2018YFA0702900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51975096).
文摘The tool state exerts a strong influence on surface quality and profile accuracy during precision/ultraprecision machining.However,current on-machine measurement methods cannot precisely obtain the tool nose radius and wear.This study therefore investigated the onmachine measurement of tool nose radius on the order of hundreds of microns and wear on the order of a few microns to tens of microns during precision/ultra-precision machining using the edge reversal method.To provide the necessary replication,pure aluminum and pure copper soft metal substrates were evaluated,with pure copper exhibiting superior performance.The feasibility of the measurement method was then demonstrated by evaluating the replication accuracy using a 3D surface topography instrument;the measurement error was only 0.1%.The wear of the cutting tool was measured using the proposed method to obtain the maximum values for tool arc wear,flank wear,and wear depth of 3.4 lm,73.5 lm and 3.7 lm,respectively.
文摘Background:Prevention of tuberculosis(TB)-related stigma is vital to achieving the World Health Organisation’s End TB Strategy target of eliminating TB.However,the process and impact evaluation of interventions to reduce TB-stigma are limited.This literature review aimed to examine the quality,design,implementation challenges,and successes of TB-stigma intervention studies and create a novel conceptual framework of pathways to TB-stigma reduction.Method:We searched relevant articles recorded in four scientifc databases from 1999 to 2022,using pre-defned inclusion and exclusion criteria,supplemented by the snowball method and complementary grey literature searches.We assessed the quality of studies using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool,then reviewed study characteristics,data on stigma measurement tools used,and interventions implemented,and designed a conceptual framework to illustrate the pathways to TB-stigma reduction in the interventions identifed.Results:Of 14,259 articles identifed,eleven met inclusion criteria,of which three were high quality.TB-stigma reduction interventions consisted mainly of education and psychosocial support targeted predominantly toward three key populations:people with TB,healthcare workers,and the public.No psychosocial interventions for people with TB set TB-stigma reduction as their primary or co-primary aim.Eight studies on healthcare workers and the public reported a decrease in TB-stigma attributed to the interventions.Despite the benefts,the interventions were limited by a dearth of validated stigma measurement tools.Three of eight studies with quantitative stigma measurement questionnaires had not been previously validated among people with TB.No qualitative studies used previously validated methods or tools to qualitatively evaluate stigma.On the basis of these fndings,we generated a conceptual framework that mapped the population targeted,interventions delivered,and their potential efects on reducing TB-stigma towards and experienced by people with TB and healthcare workers involved in TB care.Conclusions:Interpretation of the limited evidence on interventions to reduce TB-stigma is hampered by the heterogeneity of stigma measurement tools,intervention design,and outcome measures.Our novel conceptual framework will support mapping of the pathways to impacts of TB-stigma reduction interventions.
文摘The aim of this study was to test the validity and reliability of a tool for measuring the disaster resilience of healthcare disaster rescuers.A cross-sectional study involving 936 healthcare disaster rescuers of the Sichuan Disaster Response Team was conducted to establish the psychometric properties of the disaster resilience measuring tool(DRMT).Item analysis,exploratory factor analysis,confirmatory factor analysis,and correlation analysis were adopted to analyze the data.Item analysis showed that all but three items had the critical ratio over 3,which indicates adequate discriminability for inclusion in the measuring tool.The exploratory factor analysis showed that 65.93%of the total variance was explained by four factors—self-efficacy,social support,positive growth,and altruism.The confirmatory factor analysis showed goodness of fit for the four-factor model:CMIN/DF(2.846),GFI(0.916≥0.90),CFI(0.949≥0.90),AGFI(0.891≥0.80),and RMSEA(0.063≤0.08).Criterion validity demonstrated significant associations of the DRMT and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(P<0.01,r=0.566).Convergent validity was established by correlation with stress(P<0.05,r=-0.095),depression(P<0.01,r=-0.127),posttraumatic stress disorder-PCL-C(P<0.05,r=-0.100),compassion satisfaction(P<0.01,r=0.536),and burnout(P<0.01,r=-0.330).The DRMT demonstrated adequate internal consistency(Cronbach’s alpha>0.84)and stability over the two-week study period(intraclass correlation coefficient>0.85),and a cut-off point of 61 was suggested.The disaster resilience measuring tool has satisfactory psychometric properties and is a valid,reliable,and valuable instrument for assessing disaster resilience in healthcare rescue workers.The scale needs to be tested further among other populations and those from other cultures.
