Research on reservoir rock stress sensitivity has traditionally focused on unary granular structures,neglecting the binary nature of real reservoirs,especially tight reservoirs.Understanding the stresssensitive behavi...Research on reservoir rock stress sensitivity has traditionally focused on unary granular structures,neglecting the binary nature of real reservoirs,especially tight reservoirs.Understanding the stresssensitive behavior and mathematical characterization of binary granular media remains a challenging task.In this study,we conducted online-NMR experiments to investigate the permeability and porosity evolution as well as stress-sensitive control mechanisms in tight sandy conglomerate samples.The results revealed stress sensitivity coefficients between 0.042 and 0.098 and permeability damage rates ranging from 65.6%to 90.9%,with an average pore compression coefficient of 0.0168—0.0208 MPa 1.Pore-scale compression occurred in three stages:filling,compression,and compaction,with matrix pores playing a dominant role in pore compression.The stress sensitivity of binary granular media was found to be influenced by the support structure and particle properties.High stress sensitivity was associated with small fine particle size,high fines content,high uniformity coefficient of particle size,high plastic deformation,and low Young's modulus.Matrix-supported samples exhibited a high irreversible permeability damage rate(average=74.2%)and stress sensitivity coefficients(average=0.089),with pore spaces more slit-like.In contrast,grain-supported samples showed low stress sensitivity coefficients(average=0.021)at high stress stages.Based on the experiments,we developed a mathematical model for stress sensitivity in binary granular media,considering binary granular properties and nested interactions using Hertz contact deformation and Poiseuille theory.By describing the change in activity content of fines under stress,we characterized the non-stationary state of compressive deformation in the binary granular structure and classified the reservoir into three categories.The model was applied for production prediction using actual data from the Mahu reservoir in China,showing that the energy retention rates of support-dominated,fill-dominated,and matrix-controlled reservoirs should be higher than 70.1%,88%,and 90.2%,respectively.展开更多
In order to improve production and operation ability of medium and small-sized enterprises, an assessment-index system of production and operation ability was proposed, and a corresponding assessment model was establi...In order to improve production and operation ability of medium and small-sized enterprises, an assessment-index system of production and operation ability was proposed, and a corresponding assessment model was established based on BP neural network. The conjunction weights of the neural network were continuously modified from output layer to input layer in the process of neural network training to reduce the errors between the anticipated and actual outputs. The results from an example show that this method is reliable and feasible. The production and operation abilitv of an enterorise with assessed result of 0.833 is fairly oowerful, and that with assessed result of 0.644 is average.展开更多
Considering the influence of quadratic gradient term and medium deformation on the seepage equation, a well testing interpretation model for low permeability and deformation dual medium reservoirs was derived and esta...Considering the influence of quadratic gradient term and medium deformation on the seepage equation, a well testing interpretation model for low permeability and deformation dual medium reservoirs was derived and established. The difference method was used to solve the problem, and pressure and pressure derivative double logarithmic curves were drawn to analyze the seepage law. The research results indicate that the influence of starting pressure gradient and medium deformation on the pressure characteristic curve is mainly manifested in the middle and late stages. The larger the value, the more obvious the upward warping of the pressure and pressure derivative curve;the parameter characterizing the dual medium is the crossflow coefficient. The channeling coefficient determines the time and location of the appearance of the “concave”. The smaller the value, the later the appearance of the “concave”, and the more to the right of the “concave”.展开更多
Based on the application of the latest technological innovation theory and the successful experience generated by the domestic and overseas medium and small-sized enterprises, this thesis proposes a theoretical framew...Based on the application of the latest technological innovation theory and the successful experience generated by the domestic and overseas medium and small-sized enterprises, this thesis proposes a theoretical framework, strategic proposition and some secure measures for the regional technological innovation to promote the technological innovation within medium and small-sized enterprises in Hubei Province. In addition, the author also provides some tactics concerning the original motivation, technological market, innovation talents and innovation system, which aim at offering some consultation for the government decision, optimize industrial structure, implement the innovation strategy and propel to the medium and small-sized enterprises＇ development.展开更多
It is very important to design the optimum starting time of water injection for the development of low permeability reservoirs. In this type of reservoir the starting time of water injection will be affected by a rese...It is very important to design the optimum starting time of water injection for the development of low permeability reservoirs. In this type of reservoir the starting time of water injection will be affected by a reservoir pressure-sensitive effect. In order to optimize the starting time of water injection in low permeability reservoirs, this effect of pressure change on rock permeability of low permeability reservoirs was, at first, studied by physical simulation. It was shown that the rock permeability decreases exponentially with an increase in formation pressure. Secondly, we conducted a reservoir engineering study, from which we obtained analytic relationships between formation pressure, oil production rate, water production rate and water injection rate. After our physical, theoretical and economical analyses, we proposed an approach which takes the pressure-sensitive effect into consideration and designed the optimum starting time of water injection, based on the principle of material balance. Finally, the corresponding software was developed and applied to one block of the Jiangsu Oilfield. It is shown that water injection, in advance of production, can decrease the adverse impact of the pressure-sensitive effect on low permeability reservoir development. A water-flooding project should be preferably initiated in advance of production for no more than one year and the optimum ratio of formation pressure to initial formation pressure should be maintained at a level between 1.05 and 1.2.展开更多
为了在地震资料和裂缝储层特征之间建立联系,对裂缝储层采用了等效介质模型.而传统的等效介质模型未充分考虑非完全弹性介质理论和基于频变各向异性理论的双相或多相流体假设,也不能对实际裂缝储层中的地震波频散和衰减现象提供准确合...为了在地震资料和裂缝储层特征之间建立联系,对裂缝储层采用了等效介质模型.而传统的等效介质模型未充分考虑非完全弹性介质理论和基于频变各向异性理论的双相或多相流体假设,也不能对实际裂缝储层中的地震波频散和衰减现象提供准确合理的解释,并且储层参数的反演研究对裂缝储层的定性预测和定量描述举足轻重.为此,本文首先根据所提出的黏弹性Chapman-Kelvin动态等效介质模型,该模型考虑了耦合的双相流体假设、黏弹性理论、喷射流以及斑块效应,并在此基础上分析了裂缝储层参数(主要为裂缝密度、裂缝长度、孔隙度和含水饱和度)对地震波频变特征的影响.然后基于黏弹性Chapman-Kelvin模型与Schoenberg和Protazio概括的Zoeppritz方程所计算出的频变反射系数,分析了反射PP波和PS波的频变AVAZ(Amplitude Versus Angle and Azimuth)特性和PP波频变反射系数与裂缝储层参数的关系.同时考虑到发生地震频散时,反射系数和频率产生关系,构建了在角度、方位和时间域内的新型正演方程.最后,基于PP波频变反射系数对裂缝密度、裂缝长度、孔隙度和含水饱和度的变化有较好的敏感性特点,进行了两种反演方法研究:其一是基于贝叶斯理论直接反演方法,其中以对数绝对范数作为似然函数和高斯分布,即L2范数度量作为先验约束;其二是基于频变反射系数的MCMC(Markov Chain Monte Carlo)随机反演方法.通过频变AVAZ进行裂缝储层参数的反演研究,结果表明,MCMC随机反演方法在缺失先验的储层参数信息时,反演结果的不确定性较强.当存在有效且足够的先验信息时,反演结果的可靠性进一步提升.而基于贝叶斯理论直接反演方法,则显示出基于频变AVAZ来区别大尺度裂缝和微尺度裂隙的潜力.展开更多
基金funded in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant number 51574257in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,grant number 2015CB250904。
文摘Research on reservoir rock stress sensitivity has traditionally focused on unary granular structures,neglecting the binary nature of real reservoirs,especially tight reservoirs.Understanding the stresssensitive behavior and mathematical characterization of binary granular media remains a challenging task.In this study,we conducted online-NMR experiments to investigate the permeability and porosity evolution as well as stress-sensitive control mechanisms in tight sandy conglomerate samples.The results revealed stress sensitivity coefficients between 0.042 and 0.098 and permeability damage rates ranging from 65.6%to 90.9%,with an average pore compression coefficient of 0.0168—0.0208 MPa 1.Pore-scale compression occurred in three stages:filling,compression,and compaction,with matrix pores playing a dominant role in pore compression.The stress sensitivity of binary granular media was found to be influenced by the support structure and particle properties.High stress sensitivity was associated with small fine particle size,high fines content,high uniformity coefficient of particle size,high plastic deformation,and low Young's modulus.Matrix-supported samples exhibited a high irreversible permeability damage rate(average=74.2%)and stress sensitivity coefficients(average=0.089),with pore spaces more slit-like.In contrast,grain-supported samples showed low stress sensitivity coefficients(average=0.021)at high stress stages.Based on the experiments,we developed a mathematical model for stress sensitivity in binary granular media,considering binary granular properties and nested interactions using Hertz contact deformation and Poiseuille theory.By describing the change in activity content of fines under stress,we characterized the non-stationary state of compressive deformation in the binary granular structure and classified the reservoir into three categories.The model was applied for production prediction using actual data from the Mahu reservoir in China,showing that the energy retention rates of support-dominated,fill-dominated,and matrix-controlled reservoirs should be higher than 70.1%,88%,and 90.2%,respectively.
基金Project 2001FJJ036 supported by Society Science Foundation of Henan Province
文摘In order to improve production and operation ability of medium and small-sized enterprises, an assessment-index system of production and operation ability was proposed, and a corresponding assessment model was established based on BP neural network. The conjunction weights of the neural network were continuously modified from output layer to input layer in the process of neural network training to reduce the errors between the anticipated and actual outputs. The results from an example show that this method is reliable and feasible. The production and operation abilitv of an enterorise with assessed result of 0.833 is fairly oowerful, and that with assessed result of 0.644 is average.
文摘Considering the influence of quadratic gradient term and medium deformation on the seepage equation, a well testing interpretation model for low permeability and deformation dual medium reservoirs was derived and established. The difference method was used to solve the problem, and pressure and pressure derivative double logarithmic curves were drawn to analyze the seepage law. The research results indicate that the influence of starting pressure gradient and medium deformation on the pressure characteristic curve is mainly manifested in the middle and late stages. The larger the value, the more obvious the upward warping of the pressure and pressure derivative curve;the parameter characterizing the dual medium is the crossflow coefficient. The channeling coefficient determines the time and location of the appearance of the “concave”. The smaller the value, the later the appearance of the “concave”, and the more to the right of the “concave”.
文摘Based on the application of the latest technological innovation theory and the successful experience generated by the domestic and overseas medium and small-sized enterprises, this thesis proposes a theoretical framework, strategic proposition and some secure measures for the regional technological innovation to promote the technological innovation within medium and small-sized enterprises in Hubei Province. In addition, the author also provides some tactics concerning the original motivation, technological market, innovation talents and innovation system, which aim at offering some consultation for the government decision, optimize industrial structure, implement the innovation strategy and propel to the medium and small-sized enterprises＇ development.
基金Projects 2003BA613-07-05 supported by the Program of National "Fifteen" Science and Technology 04E7029 by the CNPC Innovation Foundation
文摘It is very important to design the optimum starting time of water injection for the development of low permeability reservoirs. In this type of reservoir the starting time of water injection will be affected by a reservoir pressure-sensitive effect. In order to optimize the starting time of water injection in low permeability reservoirs, this effect of pressure change on rock permeability of low permeability reservoirs was, at first, studied by physical simulation. It was shown that the rock permeability decreases exponentially with an increase in formation pressure. Secondly, we conducted a reservoir engineering study, from which we obtained analytic relationships between formation pressure, oil production rate, water production rate and water injection rate. After our physical, theoretical and economical analyses, we proposed an approach which takes the pressure-sensitive effect into consideration and designed the optimum starting time of water injection, based on the principle of material balance. Finally, the corresponding software was developed and applied to one block of the Jiangsu Oilfield. It is shown that water injection, in advance of production, can decrease the adverse impact of the pressure-sensitive effect on low permeability reservoir development. A water-flooding project should be preferably initiated in advance of production for no more than one year and the optimum ratio of formation pressure to initial formation pressure should be maintained at a level between 1.05 and 1.2.
文摘为了在地震资料和裂缝储层特征之间建立联系,对裂缝储层采用了等效介质模型.而传统的等效介质模型未充分考虑非完全弹性介质理论和基于频变各向异性理论的双相或多相流体假设,也不能对实际裂缝储层中的地震波频散和衰减现象提供准确合理的解释,并且储层参数的反演研究对裂缝储层的定性预测和定量描述举足轻重.为此,本文首先根据所提出的黏弹性Chapman-Kelvin动态等效介质模型,该模型考虑了耦合的双相流体假设、黏弹性理论、喷射流以及斑块效应,并在此基础上分析了裂缝储层参数(主要为裂缝密度、裂缝长度、孔隙度和含水饱和度)对地震波频变特征的影响.然后基于黏弹性Chapman-Kelvin模型与Schoenberg和Protazio概括的Zoeppritz方程所计算出的频变反射系数,分析了反射PP波和PS波的频变AVAZ(Amplitude Versus Angle and Azimuth)特性和PP波频变反射系数与裂缝储层参数的关系.同时考虑到发生地震频散时,反射系数和频率产生关系,构建了在角度、方位和时间域内的新型正演方程.最后,基于PP波频变反射系数对裂缝密度、裂缝长度、孔隙度和含水饱和度的变化有较好的敏感性特点,进行了两种反演方法研究:其一是基于贝叶斯理论直接反演方法,其中以对数绝对范数作为似然函数和高斯分布,即L2范数度量作为先验约束;其二是基于频变反射系数的MCMC(Markov Chain Monte Carlo)随机反演方法.通过频变AVAZ进行裂缝储层参数的反演研究,结果表明,MCMC随机反演方法在缺失先验的储层参数信息时,反演结果的不确定性较强.当存在有效且足够的先验信息时,反演结果的可靠性进一步提升.而基于贝叶斯理论直接反演方法,则显示出基于频变AVAZ来区别大尺度裂缝和微尺度裂隙的潜力.
