Medication errors are Unlike adverse drug reactions (ADRs) or adverse drug events (ADEs);mistakes by healthcare personnel cause them. We reported two cases of developed symptoms of Metoclopramide over-dose. Metoclopra...Medication errors are Unlike adverse drug reactions (ADRs) or adverse drug events (ADEs);mistakes by healthcare personnel cause them. We reported two cases of developed symptoms of Metoclopramide over-dose. Metoclopramide was given as Paracetamol due to look-a-like packaging. In Emergency Departments, reviewing the patient’s medications to prevent look-a-like complications should be done for all patients with suspected drug toxicity.展开更多
AIM:To analyze the accuracy of short-term bio-impedance as a means of measuring gastric motility.METHODS: We evaluated differences in the short-term electrical bio-impedance signal from the gastric region in the follo...AIM:To analyze the accuracy of short-term bio-impedance as a means of measuring gastric motility.METHODS: We evaluated differences in the short-term electrical bio-impedance signal from the gastric region in the following conditions: (1) fasting state, (2) after the administration of metoclopramide (a drug that induces an increase in gastric motility) and (3) after food ingestion in 23 healthy volunteers. We record-ed the real component of the electrical impedance signal from the gastric region for 1000 s. We performed a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on this data and then compared the signal among the fasting, medicated, and postprandial conditions using the median of the area under the curve, the relative area under the curve and the main peak activity.RESULTS: The median of the area under the curve of the frequency range in the region between 2-8 cycles per minute (cpm) decreased from 4.7 cpm in the fasting condition to 4.0 cpm in the medicated state (t=3.32, P=0.004). This concurred with the decrease seen in the relative area under the FFT curve in the region from 4 to 8 cpm from 38.3% to 26.6% (t=2.81, P=0.012) and the increase in area in the region from 2 to 4 cpm from 22.4% to 27.7%, respectively (t=-2.5, P=0.022). Finally the main peak position also decreased in the region from 2 to 8 cpm. Main peak activity in the fasting state was 4.72 cpm and declined to 3.45 cpm in the medicated state (t=2.47, P=0.025). There was a decrease from the fasting state to the postprandial state at 3.02 cpm (t=4.0, P=0.0013). CONCLUSION: Short-term electrical bio-impedance can assess gastric motility changes in individuals experiencing gastric stress by analyzing the area medians and relative areas under the FFT curve.展开更多
BACKGROUND Metoclopramide may be used to treat people suffering from acute migraine.However,no comprehensive investigation on this issue has been recorded.This review will provide more solid evidence for the use of me...BACKGROUND Metoclopramide may be used to treat people suffering from acute migraine.However,no comprehensive investigation on this issue has been recorded.This review will provide more solid evidence for the use of metoclopramide in treating acute migraine.AIM To compare the efficacy of intravenous metoclopramide with other therapies in migraine attack treatment in an emergency department(ED).METHODS We included randomized controlled trials of participants older than 18 years with acute migraine headaches,which included at least one arm that received intravenous(IV)metoclopramide at the ED.A literature search of PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Collaboration,and Reference Citation Analysis on December 31,2021 retrieved other drugs or placebo-controlled studies without language limitation.The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.The primary endpoint was pain reduction at 60 min or closest to 1 h after treatment,as measured by the pain scale.Secondary endpoints included adverse effects or reactions resulting from metoclopramide or comparisons.RESULTS Fourteen trials with a total of 1661 individuals were eligible for review.The risk of bias ranged from low to intermediate.IV metoclopramide administration was not associated with higher pain reduction at 1 h(Standard mean difference[SMD]=-0.03,95%confidence interval[CI]:-0.33-0.28,P=0.87).However,metoclopramide was associated with better pain reduction than placebo(SMD=1.04,95%CI:0.50-1.58,P=0.0002).In addition,side effects were not significantly different between IV metoclopramide and other drugs or placebo(odds ratio[OR]=0.76,95%CI:0.48-1.19,P=0.09 and OR=0.92,95%CI:0.31-2.74,P=0.54,respectively).CONCLUSION Metoclopramide is more effective than placebo in treating migraine in the ED.Despite the observed tendency of decreased side effects,its effectiveness compared to other regimens is poorly understood.More research on this area is needed to treat migraine in acute care settings effectively.展开更多
AIM To investigate the differences of metoclopramide (MCP) action on myoelectric activity of antrum and small intestine. METHODS Ten healthy male Wistar rats, weighing 250g～350g, were anesthetized with ketamine hy...AIM To investigate the differences of metoclopramide (MCP) action on myoelectric activity of antrum and small intestine. METHODS Ten healthy male Wistar rats, weighing 250g～350g, were anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride (100mg/kg, intramuscularly). Four pairs of bipolar stainless steel electrodes 3mm apart were implanted on serosal surface of antrum and 1, 10 and 20cm distal to pylorus respectively. Five to 10 days after operation, the gastrointestinal myoelectric activity of fasted rats after intramuscular injection of 2 5, 6 and 12mg/kg MCP respectively ws recorded with a 8 channel EEG machine, and was quantitatively compared with the myoelectric activity after saline injection. RESULTS In fasted rats, 2 5mg/kg MCP increased the amplitude of spike activity (402 0μV±138 4μV, vs 345 0μV±163 4μV, P <0 05) and the percentage of the slow wave containing spike bursts (60 4%±22 0% vs 47 4%±22 5%, P <0 01) of small intestine (1cm distal to pylorus), but did not affect the myoelectric activity of antrum. Six and 12mg/kg MCP increased the amplitude of both the slow wave (332 8μV±200 1μV vs 191 2μV±143 9μV, P <0 01; 330 0μV±197 1μV vs 191 2μV±143 9μV, P <0 05) and the spike activity (180 5μV±69 7μV vs 121 8μV±63 3μV, P <0 05; 174 5μV±71 7μV vs 123 8μV±63 3μV, P <0 05) of antrum, while in small intestine (1cm distal to pylorus) only that of the amplitude of spike activity (407 3μV±179 0μV vs 345 0μV±163 4μV, P <0 05; 456 0μV±145 4μV vs 345 0μV±163 4μV, P <0 05) and the percentage of the slow wave containing spike bursts (61 7%±26 5% vs 47 4%±22 5%, P <0 01; 59 1%±17 3% vs 47 4%±22 5%, P <0 01) was increased and with latent period significantly prolonged (2 5min±0 35min vs 0 77min±0 18min, P <0 01). CONCLUSION Different mechanisms may be involved in increasing the myoelectric activity of antrum and small intestine after MCP administration.展开更多
A novel electrogenerated chemiluminescence(ECL)sensor for the determination of metoclopramide was developed by employing ruthenium complex as an ECL signal producer and an ordered mesoporous carbon(OMC)material as mod...A novel electrogenerated chemiluminescence(ECL)sensor for the determination of metoclopramide was developed by employing ruthenium complex as an ECL signal producer and an ordered mesoporous carbon(OMC)material as modified material.The ECL sensor was fabricated by adsorption ruthenium complex into a mixture of OMC and Nafion,which showed good electrochemical and ECL behaviors.It was found that the ECL intensity of the sensor fabricated was greatly enhanced in the presence of metoclopramide.Based on this finding,a highly sensitive and reproducible ECL method was developed for the determination of metoclopramide.The result showed that the ECL intensity was linear with the concentration of metoclopramide in the range from 1.0×10-10 to 5.0×10-7M and the detection limit was 3×10-11M.The ECL sensor exhibited a long-term stability and a fine reproducibility with relative standard deviation of 1.0 % for 1.0×10-10M metoclopramide in 18 continuous determinations.The developed method has been applied to the determination of metoclopramide in tablet samples with satisfactory results.展开更多
Simple and sensitive normal and reverse flow injection methods for spectrophotometric determination of thiamine hydrochloride （THC） at the microgram level were proposed and optimized. Both methods are based on the r...Simple and sensitive normal and reverse flow injection methods for spectrophotometric determination of thiamine hydrochloride （THC） at the microgram level were proposed and optimized. Both methods are based on the reaction between THC and diazotized metoclopramide in alkaline medium. Beer＇s law was obeyed over the range of 10 300 and 2-90 ug/mL, the limits of detection were 2.118 and 0.839 ug/mL and the sampling rates were 80 and 95 injections per hour for normal and reverse flow injection methods respectively. The application of both methods to commercially available pharmaceuticals produced acceptable results. The flow system is suitable for application in quality control processes.展开更多
Aims: Metoclopramide has been used as a gastro-kinetic agent but the safety and effects of different preparations of metoclopramide on preparation for outpatient endoscopy are largely unknown. The study aimed to evalu...Aims: Metoclopramide has been used as a gastro-kinetic agent but the safety and effects of different preparations of metoclopramide on preparation for outpatient endoscopy are largely unknown. The study aimed to evaluate the (1) Safety of using ODT (orally disintegrating tablet) or TT (traditional tablet) metoclopramide pre-endoscopy in non-fasting patients compared with placebo (2) Impact of ODT or TT metoclopramide on sedation and recovery times compared with placebo. Methods: A double blind randomized placebo-controlled trial with 3 arms;Metoclopramide ODT (n = 43), Metoclopramide TT (n = 43) and Placebo (n = 43). Results: Metoclopramide ODT had fewer adverse events compared with TT or placebo. Recovery time was significantly shorter with use of either metoclopramide versus placebo (P < 0.001) & total sedation time was also significantly shorter in the metoclopramide groups versus placebo (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Metoclopramide ODT is safe and beneficial in endoscopic procedures requiring limited access to food and liquid.展开更多
Background Jaundice is a common neonatal problem.This study was conducted to determine the effect of metoclopramide on neonatal bilirubin and maternal prolactin (primary outcomes) and milk volume (secondary outcome).M...Background Jaundice is a common neonatal problem.This study was conducted to determine the effect of metoclopramide on neonatal bilirubin and maternal prolactin (primary outcomes) and milk volume (secondary outcome).Methods This triple-blind,randomized,controlled,clinical trial was conducted on 112 mothers.The participants were assigned to the intervention (metoclopramide) and control groups (placebo) using block randomization.Ten-mg metoclo-pramide and placebo tablets were taken by the participants three times a day.The intervention began in the first 2-10 hours after childbirth and continued until the fifth day.The mothers' prolactin level was measured on the first morning after the intervention and on the sixth day (1 day after the intervention was over).Neonatal total bilirubin was also measured before the intervention and on the sixth day.Results After the intervention,the two groups did not differ significantly in terms of the mean neonatal indirect bilirubin (P =0.565) and milk volume (P =0.261),but the mean serum prolactin was significantly higher in the metoclopramide group compared to the placebo group (adjusted mean difference 37;95% confidence interval 58.1-16.5;P =0.001).Conclusions Metoclopramide increased maternal serum prolactin but had no effects on neonatal jaundice.The insufficient numbers of studies on this subject mandate further research.展开更多
A simple, rapid and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method was developed for the determination of metoclopramide in pharmaceutical preparation. The method is based on the derivatization of me...A simple, rapid and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method was developed for the determination of metoclopramide in pharmaceutical preparation. The method is based on the derivatization of metoclopramide with fluorescamine. The separation was achieved on a C18 column using methanol-water （70 ： 30, V/V） mobile phase. Fluorescence detector was used at the excitation and emission of 403 and 485 nm, respectively. The method was validated for linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, accuracy, recovery, robust- ness and system suitability. The assay was linear over the concentration range of 100-2000 ng/mL. The mean recovery was 100.37%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the assay of metoclopramide in tablet preparation. The preparation was also analyzed with an official method and statistical comparison by t- and F-tests revealed that there was no significant difference between the results of the two methods with respect to mean values and standard deviations at the 95% confidence level.展开更多
Malnutrition is associated with poor outcomes in critically ill patients. Although nutritional support is yet to be proven to improve mortality in non-malnourished critically ill patients, early enteral feeding is con...Malnutrition is associated with poor outcomes in critically ill patients. Although nutritional support is yet to be proven to improve mortality in non-malnourished critically ill patients, early enteral feeding is considered best practice. However, enteral feeding is often limited by delayed gastric emptying. The best method to clinically identify delayed gastric emptying and feed intolerance is unclear. Gastric residual volume （GRV） measured at the bedside is widely used as a surrogate marker for gastric emptying, but the value of GRV measurement has recently been disputed. While the mechanisms underlying delayed gastric emptying require further investigation, recent research has given a better appreciation of the pathophysiology. A number of pharmacological strategies are available to improve the success of feeding. Recent data suggest a combination of intravenous metoclopramide and en/thromycin to be the most successful treatment, but novel drug therapies should be explored. Simpler methods to access the duodenum and more distal small bowel for feed delivery are also under investigation. This review summarises current understanding of the factors responsible for, and mechanisms underlying feed intolerance in critical illness, together with the evidence for current practices. Areas requiring further research are also highlighted.展开更多
AIM： To assess the efficacy of metoclopramide （Met） for prevention of prolonged post-operative ileus in advanced gastric cancer patients undergoing D2 gastrectomy and intra-peritoneal chemotherapy （IPC）. METHODS...AIM： To assess the efficacy of metoclopramide （Met） for prevention of prolonged post-operative ileus in advanced gastric cancer patients undergoing D2 gastrectomy and intra-peritoneal chemotherapy （IPC）. METHODS： Thirty-two advanced gastric cancer patients undergoing D2 gastrectomy and IPC were allocated to two groups. Sixteen patients received Met immediately after operation （group A）, and 16 did not （group B）. Another 16 patients who underwent D2 gastrectomy without IPC were enrolled as the control group （group C）. All patients had received epidural pain control. The primary endpoints were time to first post-operative flatus and time until oral feeding with a soft diet without discomfort. Secondary endpoints were early complications during hospitalization. RESULTS： Gender, the type of resection, operating time, blood loss, tumor status and amount of narcotics were comparable in the three groups. However, the group C patients were older than those in groups A and B （67.5±17.7 vs 56.8±13.2, 57.5±11.7 years, P= 0.048）. First bowel flatus occurred after 4.35±0.93 d in group A, 4.94±1.37 d in group B, and 4.71±1.22 d in group C （P〉0.05）. Oral feeding of a sore diet was tolerated 7.21±1.92 d after operation in group A, 10.15±2.17 d in group B, and 7.53±1.35 d in group C （groups A and C vsgroup B, P〈0.05）. There was no significant difference in respect to the first flatus among the three groups. However, the time of tolerating oral intake with soft food in groups A and C patients was significantlyshorter than that in group B patients. Levels of C-reactive protein （CRP） were significantly lower in group C and there was a more prominent and prolonged response in CRP level in patients undergoing IPC. The incidence of post-operative complications was similar in the three groups except for prolonged post-operative ileus. There was no increased risk of anastomotic leakage in patients receiving Met. CONCLUSION： The results suggest that a combination of intravenous Met and epidural pain control may be required to achieve a considerable decrease in time to resumption of oral soft diet in advanced gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy and IPC. Furthermore, the administration of Met did not increase anastomotic leakage. Met has a role in the prevention of prolonged post-operative ileus.展开更多
AIM:To study the relative efficacy of cisapride, metoclopramide,domperidone,erythromycin and mosapride on gastric emptying(GE)and small intestinal transit(SIT) in morphine treated mice. METHODS:Phenol red marker meal ...AIM:To study the relative efficacy of cisapride, metoclopramide,domperidone,erythromycin and mosapride on gastric emptying(GE)and small intestinal transit(SIT) in morphine treated mice. METHODS:Phenol red marker meal was employed to estimate GE and SIT in Swiss albino mice of either sex.The groups included were control,morphine 1 mg/kg(s.c.15 rain before test meal)alone or with(45 rain before test meal p.o.)cisapride 10 mg/kg,metoclopramide 20 mg/kg, domperidone 20 mg/kg,erythromycin 6 mg/kg and mosapride 20 mg/kg. RESULTS:Cisapride,metoclopramide and mosapride were effective in enhancing gastric emptying significantly(P<0.001) whereas other prokinetic agents failed to do so in normal mice.Metoclopramide completely reversed morphine induced delay in gastric emptying followed by mosapride. Metoclopramide alone was effective when given to normal mice in increasing the SIT.Cisapride,though it did not show any significant effect on SIT in normal mice,was able to reverse morphine induced delay in SIT significantly(P<0.001) followed by metoclopramide and mosapride. CONCLUSION:Metoclopramide and cisapride are most effective in reversing morphine-induced delay in gastric emptying and small intestinal transit in mice respectively.展开更多
Background: Populations of Gontougo (C?te d’Ivoire) commonly used Euphorbia hirta (Euphorbiaceae) leaves as galactagogue to boost milk production in lactating women. Our study was carried to verify this traditional b...Background: Populations of Gontougo (C?te d’Ivoire) commonly used Euphorbia hirta (Euphorbiaceae) leaves as galactagogue to boost milk production in lactating women. Our study was carried to verify this traditional belief via evaluations of milk production, serum prolactin levels, body weight and mammary lobuloalveolar proliferation induced by the aqueous leaf extract of this medicinal plant in Wistar rats. Methods: 6 groups of 6 virgin rats and 6 groups of 6 lactating rats were used. Each lactating rat was isolated with its six pups. These groups of animals were treated orally with distilled water, Metoclopramide (Metocl 5 mg/kg) and E. hirta aqueous leaf extract (EHae 100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) daily during 17 days of lactation. The indirect method which assimilates the weight gain of untreated pups to the quantity of milk produced by lactating rats was used. At the end of the treatment, histological sections of the abdominal mammary glands of lactating rats were observed. Results: EHae administration induced an increase of milk production in lactating rats. This action of EHae was stronger at the dose of 200 mg/kg. Milk production of the treated rats at a dose of 200 mg/kg was 118.14 ± 1 g. The quantity of milk produced by the control female rats was 83.83 ± 0.88 g. Compared with the control, EHae 200 mg/kg significantly increased milk production (40.92%) (P Conclusion: EHae showed a galactagogue activity illustrated by increases of milk production, PRL secretions and the development of the lobuloalveolar system of the mammary glands in treated female rats. This galactagogue property could partly justify the traditional use of this plant to boost milk production in lactating women.展开更多
文摘Medication errors are Unlike adverse drug reactions (ADRs) or adverse drug events (ADEs);mistakes by healthcare personnel cause them. We reported two cases of developed symptoms of Metoclopramide over-dose. Metoclopramide was given as Paracetamol due to look-a-like packaging. In Emergency Departments, reviewing the patient’s medications to prevent look-a-like complications should be done for all patients with suspected drug toxicity.
基金Supported by A grant from CONACYT (J50182)The University of Guanajuato (DINPO 00098-08)the Dean's Undergraduate Research Fund from The College of Arts and Science,New York University
文摘AIM:To analyze the accuracy of short-term bio-impedance as a means of measuring gastric motility.METHODS: We evaluated differences in the short-term electrical bio-impedance signal from the gastric region in the following conditions: (1) fasting state, (2) after the administration of metoclopramide (a drug that induces an increase in gastric motility) and (3) after food ingestion in 23 healthy volunteers. We record-ed the real component of the electrical impedance signal from the gastric region for 1000 s. We performed a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on this data and then compared the signal among the fasting, medicated, and postprandial conditions using the median of the area under the curve, the relative area under the curve and the main peak activity.RESULTS: The median of the area under the curve of the frequency range in the region between 2-8 cycles per minute (cpm) decreased from 4.7 cpm in the fasting condition to 4.0 cpm in the medicated state (t=3.32, P=0.004). This concurred with the decrease seen in the relative area under the FFT curve in the region from 4 to 8 cpm from 38.3% to 26.6% (t=2.81, P=0.012) and the increase in area in the region from 2 to 4 cpm from 22.4% to 27.7%, respectively (t=-2.5, P=0.022). Finally the main peak position also decreased in the region from 2 to 8 cpm. Main peak activity in the fasting state was 4.72 cpm and declined to 3.45 cpm in the medicated state (t=2.47, P=0.025). There was a decrease from the fasting state to the postprandial state at 3.02 cpm (t=4.0, P=0.0013). CONCLUSION: Short-term electrical bio-impedance can assess gastric motility changes in individuals experiencing gastric stress by analyzing the area medians and relative areas under the FFT curve.
文摘BACKGROUND Metoclopramide may be used to treat people suffering from acute migraine.However,no comprehensive investigation on this issue has been recorded.This review will provide more solid evidence for the use of metoclopramide in treating acute migraine.AIM To compare the efficacy of intravenous metoclopramide with other therapies in migraine attack treatment in an emergency department(ED).METHODS We included randomized controlled trials of participants older than 18 years with acute migraine headaches,which included at least one arm that received intravenous(IV)metoclopramide at the ED.A literature search of PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Collaboration,and Reference Citation Analysis on December 31,2021 retrieved other drugs or placebo-controlled studies without language limitation.The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.The primary endpoint was pain reduction at 60 min or closest to 1 h after treatment,as measured by the pain scale.Secondary endpoints included adverse effects or reactions resulting from metoclopramide or comparisons.RESULTS Fourteen trials with a total of 1661 individuals were eligible for review.The risk of bias ranged from low to intermediate.IV metoclopramide administration was not associated with higher pain reduction at 1 h(Standard mean difference[SMD]=-0.03,95%confidence interval[CI]:-0.33-0.28,P=0.87).However,metoclopramide was associated with better pain reduction than placebo(SMD=1.04,95%CI:0.50-1.58,P=0.0002).In addition,side effects were not significantly different between IV metoclopramide and other drugs or placebo(odds ratio[OR]=0.76,95%CI:0.48-1.19,P=0.09 and OR=0.92,95%CI:0.31-2.74,P=0.54,respectively).CONCLUSION Metoclopramide is more effective than placebo in treating migraine in the ED.Despite the observed tendency of decreased side effects,its effectiveness compared to other regimens is poorly understood.More research on this area is needed to treat migraine in acute care settings effectively.
文摘AIM To investigate the differences of metoclopramide (MCP) action on myoelectric activity of antrum and small intestine. METHODS Ten healthy male Wistar rats, weighing 250g～350g, were anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride (100mg/kg, intramuscularly). Four pairs of bipolar stainless steel electrodes 3mm apart were implanted on serosal surface of antrum and 1, 10 and 20cm distal to pylorus respectively. Five to 10 days after operation, the gastrointestinal myoelectric activity of fasted rats after intramuscular injection of 2 5, 6 and 12mg/kg MCP respectively ws recorded with a 8 channel EEG machine, and was quantitatively compared with the myoelectric activity after saline injection. RESULTS In fasted rats, 2 5mg/kg MCP increased the amplitude of spike activity (402 0μV±138 4μV, vs 345 0μV±163 4μV, P <0 05) and the percentage of the slow wave containing spike bursts (60 4%±22 0% vs 47 4%±22 5%, P <0 01) of small intestine (1cm distal to pylorus), but did not affect the myoelectric activity of antrum. Six and 12mg/kg MCP increased the amplitude of both the slow wave (332 8μV±200 1μV vs 191 2μV±143 9μV, P <0 01; 330 0μV±197 1μV vs 191 2μV±143 9μV, P <0 05) and the spike activity (180 5μV±69 7μV vs 121 8μV±63 3μV, P <0 05; 174 5μV±71 7μV vs 123 8μV±63 3μV, P <0 05) of antrum, while in small intestine (1cm distal to pylorus) only that of the amplitude of spike activity (407 3μV±179 0μV vs 345 0μV±163 4μV, P <0 05; 456 0μV±145 4μV vs 345 0μV±163 4μV, P <0 05) and the percentage of the slow wave containing spike bursts (61 7%±26 5% vs 47 4%±22 5%, P <0 01; 59 1%±17 3% vs 47 4%±22 5%, P <0 01) was increased and with latent period significantly prolonged (2 5min±0 35min vs 0 77min±0 18min, P <0 01). CONCLUSION Different mechanisms may be involved in increasing the myoelectric activity of antrum and small intestine after MCP administration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20805028)
文摘A novel electrogenerated chemiluminescence(ECL)sensor for the determination of metoclopramide was developed by employing ruthenium complex as an ECL signal producer and an ordered mesoporous carbon(OMC)material as modified material.The ECL sensor was fabricated by adsorption ruthenium complex into a mixture of OMC and Nafion,which showed good electrochemical and ECL behaviors.It was found that the ECL intensity of the sensor fabricated was greatly enhanced in the presence of metoclopramide.Based on this finding,a highly sensitive and reproducible ECL method was developed for the determination of metoclopramide.The result showed that the ECL intensity was linear with the concentration of metoclopramide in the range from 1.0×10-10 to 5.0×10-7M and the detection limit was 3×10-11M.The ECL sensor exhibited a long-term stability and a fine reproducibility with relative standard deviation of 1.0 % for 1.0×10-10M metoclopramide in 18 continuous determinations.The developed method has been applied to the determination of metoclopramide in tablet samples with satisfactory results.
文摘Simple and sensitive normal and reverse flow injection methods for spectrophotometric determination of thiamine hydrochloride （THC） at the microgram level were proposed and optimized. Both methods are based on the reaction between THC and diazotized metoclopramide in alkaline medium. Beer＇s law was obeyed over the range of 10 300 and 2-90 ug/mL, the limits of detection were 2.118 and 0.839 ug/mL and the sampling rates were 80 and 95 injections per hour for normal and reverse flow injection methods respectively. The application of both methods to commercially available pharmaceuticals produced acceptable results. The flow system is suitable for application in quality control processes.
文摘Aims: Metoclopramide has been used as a gastro-kinetic agent but the safety and effects of different preparations of metoclopramide on preparation for outpatient endoscopy are largely unknown. The study aimed to evaluate the (1) Safety of using ODT (orally disintegrating tablet) or TT (traditional tablet) metoclopramide pre-endoscopy in non-fasting patients compared with placebo (2) Impact of ODT or TT metoclopramide on sedation and recovery times compared with placebo. Methods: A double blind randomized placebo-controlled trial with 3 arms;Metoclopramide ODT (n = 43), Metoclopramide TT (n = 43) and Placebo (n = 43). Results: Metoclopramide ODT had fewer adverse events compared with TT or placebo. Recovery time was significantly shorter with use of either metoclopramide versus placebo (P < 0.001) & total sedation time was also significantly shorter in the metoclopramide groups versus placebo (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Metoclopramide ODT is safe and beneficial in endoscopic procedures requiring limited access to food and liquid.
文摘Background Jaundice is a common neonatal problem.This study was conducted to determine the effect of metoclopramide on neonatal bilirubin and maternal prolactin (primary outcomes) and milk volume (secondary outcome).Methods This triple-blind,randomized,controlled,clinical trial was conducted on 112 mothers.The participants were assigned to the intervention (metoclopramide) and control groups (placebo) using block randomization.Ten-mg metoclo-pramide and placebo tablets were taken by the participants three times a day.The intervention began in the first 2-10 hours after childbirth and continued until the fifth day.The mothers' prolactin level was measured on the first morning after the intervention and on the sixth day (1 day after the intervention was over).Neonatal total bilirubin was also measured before the intervention and on the sixth day.Results After the intervention,the two groups did not differ significantly in terms of the mean neonatal indirect bilirubin (P =0.565) and milk volume (P =0.261),but the mean serum prolactin was significantly higher in the metoclopramide group compared to the placebo group (adjusted mean difference 37;95% confidence interval 58.1-16.5;P =0.001).Conclusions Metoclopramide increased maternal serum prolactin but had no effects on neonatal jaundice.The insufficient numbers of studies on this subject mandate further research.
文摘A simple, rapid and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method was developed for the determination of metoclopramide in pharmaceutical preparation. The method is based on the derivatization of metoclopramide with fluorescamine. The separation was achieved on a C18 column using methanol-water （70 ： 30, V/V） mobile phase. Fluorescence detector was used at the excitation and emission of 403 and 485 nm, respectively. The method was validated for linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, accuracy, recovery, robust- ness and system suitability. The assay was linear over the concentration range of 100-2000 ng/mL. The mean recovery was 100.37%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the assay of metoclopramide in tablet preparation. The preparation was also analyzed with an official method and statistical comparison by t- and F-tests revealed that there was no significant difference between the results of the two methods with respect to mean values and standard deviations at the 95% confidence level.
文摘Malnutrition is associated with poor outcomes in critically ill patients. Although nutritional support is yet to be proven to improve mortality in non-malnourished critically ill patients, early enteral feeding is considered best practice. However, enteral feeding is often limited by delayed gastric emptying. The best method to clinically identify delayed gastric emptying and feed intolerance is unclear. Gastric residual volume （GRV） measured at the bedside is widely used as a surrogate marker for gastric emptying, but the value of GRV measurement has recently been disputed. While the mechanisms underlying delayed gastric emptying require further investigation, recent research has given a better appreciation of the pathophysiology. A number of pharmacological strategies are available to improve the success of feeding. Recent data suggest a combination of intravenous metoclopramide and en/thromycin to be the most successful treatment, but novel drug therapies should be explored. Simpler methods to access the duodenum and more distal small bowel for feed delivery are also under investigation. This review summarises current understanding of the factors responsible for, and mechanisms underlying feed intolerance in critical illness, together with the evidence for current practices. Areas requiring further research are also highlighted.
文摘AIM： To assess the efficacy of metoclopramide （Met） for prevention of prolonged post-operative ileus in advanced gastric cancer patients undergoing D2 gastrectomy and intra-peritoneal chemotherapy （IPC）. METHODS： Thirty-two advanced gastric cancer patients undergoing D2 gastrectomy and IPC were allocated to two groups. Sixteen patients received Met immediately after operation （group A）, and 16 did not （group B）. Another 16 patients who underwent D2 gastrectomy without IPC were enrolled as the control group （group C）. All patients had received epidural pain control. The primary endpoints were time to first post-operative flatus and time until oral feeding with a soft diet without discomfort. Secondary endpoints were early complications during hospitalization. RESULTS： Gender, the type of resection, operating time, blood loss, tumor status and amount of narcotics were comparable in the three groups. However, the group C patients were older than those in groups A and B （67.5±17.7 vs 56.8±13.2, 57.5±11.7 years, P= 0.048）. First bowel flatus occurred after 4.35±0.93 d in group A, 4.94±1.37 d in group B, and 4.71±1.22 d in group C （P〉0.05）. Oral feeding of a sore diet was tolerated 7.21±1.92 d after operation in group A, 10.15±2.17 d in group B, and 7.53±1.35 d in group C （groups A and C vsgroup B, P〈0.05）. There was no significant difference in respect to the first flatus among the three groups. However, the time of tolerating oral intake with soft food in groups A and C patients was significantlyshorter than that in group B patients. Levels of C-reactive protein （CRP） were significantly lower in group C and there was a more prominent and prolonged response in CRP level in patients undergoing IPC. The incidence of post-operative complications was similar in the three groups except for prolonged post-operative ileus. There was no increased risk of anastomotic leakage in patients receiving Met. CONCLUSION： The results suggest that a combination of intravenous Met and epidural pain control may be required to achieve a considerable decrease in time to resumption of oral soft diet in advanced gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy and IPC. Furthermore, the administration of Met did not increase anastomotic leakage. Met has a role in the prevention of prolonged post-operative ileus.
文摘AIM:To study the relative efficacy of cisapride, metoclopramide,domperidone,erythromycin and mosapride on gastric emptying(GE)and small intestinal transit(SIT) in morphine treated mice. METHODS:Phenol red marker meal was employed to estimate GE and SIT in Swiss albino mice of either sex.The groups included were control,morphine 1 mg/kg(s.c.15 rain before test meal)alone or with(45 rain before test meal p.o.)cisapride 10 mg/kg,metoclopramide 20 mg/kg, domperidone 20 mg/kg,erythromycin 6 mg/kg and mosapride 20 mg/kg. RESULTS:Cisapride,metoclopramide and mosapride were effective in enhancing gastric emptying significantly(P<0.001) whereas other prokinetic agents failed to do so in normal mice.Metoclopramide completely reversed morphine induced delay in gastric emptying followed by mosapride. Metoclopramide alone was effective when given to normal mice in increasing the SIT.Cisapride,though it did not show any significant effect on SIT in normal mice,was able to reverse morphine induced delay in SIT significantly(P<0.001) followed by metoclopramide and mosapride. CONCLUSION:Metoclopramide and cisapride are most effective in reversing morphine-induced delay in gastric emptying and small intestinal transit in mice respectively.
文摘Background: Populations of Gontougo (C?te d’Ivoire) commonly used Euphorbia hirta (Euphorbiaceae) leaves as galactagogue to boost milk production in lactating women. Our study was carried to verify this traditional belief via evaluations of milk production, serum prolactin levels, body weight and mammary lobuloalveolar proliferation induced by the aqueous leaf extract of this medicinal plant in Wistar rats. Methods: 6 groups of 6 virgin rats and 6 groups of 6 lactating rats were used. Each lactating rat was isolated with its six pups. These groups of animals were treated orally with distilled water, Metoclopramide (Metocl 5 mg/kg) and E. hirta aqueous leaf extract (EHae 100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) daily during 17 days of lactation. The indirect method which assimilates the weight gain of untreated pups to the quantity of milk produced by lactating rats was used. At the end of the treatment, histological sections of the abdominal mammary glands of lactating rats were observed. Results: EHae administration induced an increase of milk production in lactating rats. This action of EHae was stronger at the dose of 200 mg/kg. Milk production of the treated rats at a dose of 200 mg/kg was 118.14 ± 1 g. The quantity of milk produced by the control female rats was 83.83 ± 0.88 g. Compared with the control, EHae 200 mg/kg significantly increased milk production (40.92%) (P Conclusion: EHae showed a galactagogue activity illustrated by increases of milk production, PRL secretions and the development of the lobuloalveolar system of the mammary glands in treated female rats. This galactagogue property could partly justify the traditional use of this plant to boost milk production in lactating women.
