Adhesion is an important process of particle-bubble interaction in fine particle(-10μm)flotation.This paper studied the adhesion process and mechanism between nanobubbles and fine cassiterite particles by using a hig...Adhesion is an important process of particle-bubble interaction in fine particle(-10μm)flotation.This paper studied the adhesion process and mechanism between nanobubbles and fine cassiterite particles by using a high-speed camera,atomic force microscope(AFM),adsorption capacity tests,and induction time tests.After being pretreated with nanobubbles(NBs)water,fine cassiterite particles flotation tests were carried out using caprylhydroxamic acid(CHA)as a collector.The results showed that NBs can improve the recovery and flotation rate of fine cassiterite while decreasing the collector dosage.The adsorption capacity test indicated that the cassiterite treated with NBs had lower demand for collector concentration.The AFM imaging results further demonstrate that NBs could reduce the adsorption of CHA on the surface of minerals.Since NBs played a part of the role of collector,it can improve the flotation effect while reducing the amount of collector.The induction time test and the high-speed camera observation test showed that NBs promoted the attachment between bubbles and cassiterite particles.On the other hand,NBs agglomerate cassiterite particles,increasing the probability of particles colliding with bubbles.展开更多
Particle-bubble interaction during electro-flotation of cassiterite was investigated by determining the recovery of cassiterite and the collision mechanism of cassiterite particle and H2 bubble. Flotation tests at dif...Particle-bubble interaction during electro-flotation of cassiterite was investigated by determining the recovery of cassiterite and the collision mechanism of cassiterite particle and H2 bubble. Flotation tests at different conditions were conducted in a single bubble flotation cell. The recovery of cassiterite was found to be affected by cassiterite particle and bubble size. A matching range, in which the best recovery can be obtained, was found between particle and bubble size. Collision, attachment, and detachment of the particle-bubble were observed and captured by a high-speed camera. Particle-bubble collision and attachment were analyzed with the use of particle-bubble interaction theory to obtain the experimental results. An attachment model was introduced and verified through the photos captured by the high-speed camera. A bridge role was observed between the bubbles and particles. Particle-bubble interaction was found to be affected by bubble size and particle size, which significantly influenced not only the collision and attachment behavior of the particles and bubbles but also the flotation recovery of fine cassiterite particles.展开更多
In order to discuss the particle-bubble interaction during the electro-flotation of cassiterite,the recovery of cassiterite with different particle sizes was investigated,and the collision mechanism between the cassit...In order to discuss the particle-bubble interaction during the electro-flotation of cassiterite,the recovery of cassiterite with different particle sizes was investigated,and the collision mechanism between the cassiterite particles and H2 bubbles was explored.The flotation tests were carried out in a single bubble flotation cell.The results show that cassiterite particles 10 μm,10-20 μm,20？38 μm and 38-74 μm match with bubbles with size of 50-150 μm,about 250 μm,74 μm and 74 μm,respectively,and a better recovery can be obtained.It is demonstrated that the recovery of cassiterite is influenced by the size of cassiterite particles and bubbles.Furthermore,the probabilities of collision,adhesion,detachment and collection were calculated using the collision,attachment and collection models.Theoretical calculation results show that the collision probability decreases sharply with decreasing particle size and increasing bubble size（below 150 μm）.The attachment probability would increase from the effective collision,leading to the increase of recovery.展开更多
The flotation behavior and adsorption mechanism of novel（1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-octenyl） phosphonic acid（HEPA） to cassiterite were investigated by micro-flotation tests, zeta potential measurements, FTIR determinati...The flotation behavior and adsorption mechanism of novel（1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-octenyl） phosphonic acid（HEPA） to cassiterite were investigated by micro-flotation tests, zeta potential measurements, FTIR determination and density functional theory（DFT） calculation. The flotation results demonstrated that HEPA exhibited superior collecting performance compared with styrene phosphonic acid（SPA）. The cassiterite recovery maintained above 90% over a wide pH range of 2-9 with 50 mg/L HEPA. The results of zeta potential measurement and FTIR detection indicated that the adsorption of HEPA onto cassiterite was mainly attributed to the chemisorption between HEPA monoanions and Sn species on mineral surfaces. The DFT calculation results demonstrated that HEPA monoanions owned higher HOMO energy and exhibited a better affinity to cassiterite than SPA, which provided very clear evidence for the stronger collecting power of HEPA presented in floatation test and zeta potential measurement.展开更多
Flotation of cassiterite has been studied on pure minerals performed in a microflotation cell with various collectors. The results indicate that sulphosuccinamate demonstrates strong collection, good selectivity on ca...Flotation of cassiterite has been studied on pure minerals performed in a microflotation cell with various collectors. The results indicate that sulphosuccinamate demonstrates strong collection, good selectivity on cassiterite in the region around pH 6, and that lead ions have certain activation whereas other ions such as ferric, aluminum, manganese, ferrous, calcium have strong depression on cassiterite flotation. In addition, X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was applied to study the flotation systems of cassiterite sulphosuccinamate in the presence and absence of metal cation, and a chemisorption mechanism through chemically bonding between stannum species on the cassiterite surface and oxygen from sulphosuccinamate is proposed. The chemical environment of stannum species would be changed in the presence of lead ions in the flotation systems and therefore improve the activity of the stannum species, while ferric ions show strong depression due to the formation of steady complexes between ferric species and collector.展开更多
The effect of octanol in cassiterite flotation using benzohydroxamic acid (BHA) as a collector was investigated. Theadsorption mechanism of octanol and BHA on the surface of cassiterite was analyzed by adsorption expe...The effect of octanol in cassiterite flotation using benzohydroxamic acid (BHA) as a collector was investigated. Theadsorption mechanism of octanol and BHA on the surface of cassiterite was analyzed by adsorption experiments and infrared spectraanalysis. Micro-flotation results indicated that single octanol exhibited almost no collecting power to cassiterite over a wide pHrange. However, as an auxiliary collector, octanol could markedly decrease the consumption of collector BHA and keep the recoveryof cassiterite in high level. The results of adsorption experiments and infrared spectra demonstrated that single octanol was notadsorbed on the surface of cassiterite. It formed adsorption connected with BHA on the surface of cassiterite, and enhanced thehydrophobicity of cassiterite. Octanol promoted the adsorption amount of BHA on the cassiterite surface, and decreased theconsumption of BHA.展开更多
Two reagents including salicylhydroxamic acid(SHA) and tributyl phosphate(TBP) were tested as collectors either separately or together for electro-flotation of fine cassiterite(<10 μm).Subsequently,the flotation m...Two reagents including salicylhydroxamic acid(SHA) and tributyl phosphate(TBP) were tested as collectors either separately or together for electro-flotation of fine cassiterite(<10 μm).Subsequently,the flotation mechanism of the fine cassiterite was investigated by adsorbance determination,electrophoretic mobility measurements and Fourier transform infra-red(FT-IR) spectrum checking.Results of the flotation experiments show that with SHA as a collector,the collecting performance is remarkably impacted by the pulp pH value as the floatability of cassiterite varies sharply when the pH changes,and flotation with SHA gives distinct maximum at about pH 6.5.Additionally,the floatability of cassiterite is determined by using SHA and TBP as collectors.The range of pulp pH for good floatability is broadened in the presence of TBP as auxiliary collector,and the utilization of TBP improves the recovery of cassiterite modestly.Moreover,the optimum pH value for cassiterite flotation is associated with adsorbance.The results of FT-IR spectrum and the electrophoretic mobility measurements indicate that the adsorption interaction between the collectors and the cassiterite is dominantly a kind of chemical bonding in the form of one or two cycle chelate rings due to the coordination of carbonyl group,hydroxamate and P=O group to the metal tin atoms,where the oxygen atoms contained in carbonyl group,hydroxamate and P=O group of the polar groups have the stereo conditions to form five-membered rings.In addition,the adsorption interactions of SHA and TBP on the surfaces of cassiterite are also dominated by means of hydrogen bonds.展开更多
Objective The Yangbin porphyry tin deposit in Taishun County of Zhejiang Province is one of the few porphyry-type tin deposits in South China, which is located in the middle portion of the Mesozoic volcanic active bel...Objective The Yangbin porphyry tin deposit in Taishun County of Zhejiang Province is one of the few porphyry-type tin deposits in South China, which is located in the middle portion of the Mesozoic volcanic active belt on the southeastern coast of China. The Yangbin granite porphyry is closely related to the tin mineralization in this region. Based on petrologic and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic展开更多
Model for prediction of the concentration of tin extracted during potassium hydroxide leaching of cassiterite has been derived. The model: A = Nt1.53, indicates that the concentration tin extracted is dependent on the...Model for prediction of the concentration of tin extracted during potassium hydroxide leaching of cassiterite has been derived. The model: A = Nt1.53, indicates that the concentration tin extracted is dependent on the residence time. It was found that the validity of the model is rooted in the expression Log A = Log (Nt1.53). Tin extraction per unit time as obtained from experiment and derived model are 2.6666 and 2.6268 mg/min respectively. The maximum deviation of the model-predicted concentration of dissolved tin from the corresponding concentration obtained from the experiment was found to be less than 8%, which is quite within the acceptable deviation limit of experimental results and hence, impacting about 92% confidence coefficient on the model.展开更多
The morphology and elemental characteristics of Kuru Cassiterite ore deposit was performed by the combination of different instruments. This is vital to obtain accurate mineralogical, surface properties and compositio...The morphology and elemental characteristics of Kuru Cassiterite ore deposit was performed by the combination of different instruments. This is vital to obtain accurate mineralogical, surface properties and compositions of the ore. Mineral particles were prepared on epoxy resin, polished and analyzed by a SEM coupled with an EDS. X- ray diffraction showed that the ore contained different minerals of cassiterite, coffinite, siderophyllite,ilmenite, qartz, rutile, manganocolumbite, zircon, tilleyite and monazite. Further quantitative analysis using inductive coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry gave the elemental analysis as follows;Sn (28.0%), Si (5.5%), Fe (5.16%),Ti (3.51%), Al (2.48%), Y (1.06%), and Nb (2.53%). The other trace elements found include Mn, K, Na, Mg, La, Ce, U and Ca. The ICP-OES data was correlated with the XRD data obtained using the Guassian Pro 8.1 origin software and it showed significant correlation.展开更多
The effects of blending Enugu coal and anthracite on tin smelting using Nigerian Dogo Na Hauwa cassiterite have been studied. The work utilized various blends ranging from 100% to 0% anthracite. The content of the Enu...The effects of blending Enugu coal and anthracite on tin smelting using Nigerian Dogo Na Hauwa cassiterite have been studied. The work utilized various blends ranging from 100% to 0% anthracite. The content of the Enugu coal in the blend varied from 5% to 100%. The various tin metal recovery percentage for each batch of smelting using various blends was noted. Anthracite alone had the highest recovery of 71.90% followed by 5% blend of Enugu with anthracite. The result, however, showed that as the Enugu Coal was increased in the blend, the recovery was also decreasing. This equally affected the quality of tin metal recovered by increasing the grade. The work recommended that since the cost of production is the critical issue, 5% - 15% range of Enugu Coal should be used in preparing blends to bring down the cost of imported anthracite which is put at $906.69 per ton. The use of 15% Enugu coal will result in lowering the cost of imported anthracite by $136.0.展开更多
In this work we evaluate the role of a natural mineralizer-oxide like cassiterite (SnO2) on the cement properties. In particular, we study the effect of different quantities of SnO2 with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 wt% on b...In this work we evaluate the role of a natural mineralizer-oxide like cassiterite (SnO2) on the cement properties. In particular, we study the effect of different quantities of SnO2 with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 wt% on burnability of industrial raw mix by free lime evaluation. We obtain four datasets, with successive increase of temperature at 1250℃, 1350℃, 1400℃ and 1450℃. We study the produced cassiterite-added clinker with X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (DTA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Though, we characterize the new phases formed and whether, adding excess SnO2 is promote forms of C3S, C2S influencing the final quality of cement.展开更多
Huge amounts of tailing dumps as a result of mines’ blasting operations were impacting economic and environmental problems. Evaluation of one of these tailing dumps of the Eastern Desert of Egypt showed the presence ...Huge amounts of tailing dumps as a result of mines’ blasting operations were impacting economic and environmental problems. Evaluation of one of these tailing dumps of the Eastern Desert of Egypt showed the presence of reasonable amount of cassiterite mineral reaching 0.199% SnO<sub>2</sub>. The mineral cassiterite was found as finely disseminated particulates, reached to 5 microns, within varieties of quartz-feldspar-hornblende-biotite granitic formations. In the present study, the processing regime considered from the beginning the alignment between reaching cassiterite mineral liberation size, and its extreme brittleness character. Stirring ball milling technique was applied to produce <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span></span>0.51 mm product with minimum fines as possible, which was left aside for a separate study. The ground product <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span></span>0.51 + 0.074 mm was subjected to joint shaking table/dry high intensity magnetic separation techniques after splitting it into two fractions, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span></span>0.51 + 0.21 mm and <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span></span>0.21 + 0.074 mm. Each fraction was separately subjected to “Wilfley” shaking table. At optimum conditions, a shaking table concentrate was obtained with 0.29% SnO<sub>2</sub> and an operational recovery reached 96.94% from a feeding contained 0.19% SnO<sub>2</sub>. The heavies and the two middling products after shaking table were directed separately after dryness to dry high intensity magnetic separation using “Eriez” rare earth roll separator, meanwhile the light fractions were rejected. Mathematically designed experiments were applied to optimize the separation process. At optimum conditions, a final cassiterite concentrate was obtained with 11.25% SnO<sub>2</sub>, and an operational recovery 94.08%. In addition, a topaz mineral concentrate was separated at splitter angle 65<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">˚</span></span>.展开更多
It is known that ore containing cassiterite （SnO2） has been our most important source of tin since antiquity and its successful separation continuously pose problems to mineral processors. The situation is more pron...It is known that ore containing cassiterite （SnO2） has been our most important source of tin since antiquity and its successful separation continuously pose problems to mineral processors. The situation is more pronounced since the depletion of the more easily recoverable alluvial reserves forces us to work with the more complex deposits such as hardrock cassiterite ores. In order to understand more about the challenges in processing complex tin ore deposits, a metasedimentary rock ore sample from a mine in Malaysia was used in this study. Chemical analysis by wet method shows that SnO2 content in the sample was 2.86%, while for mineralogical analysis, the x-ray diffractogram （XRD） of the sample had identified that besides cassiterite, the sample also contained minerals such as quartz （SiO2） and clinochlore. Furthermore, the FESEM （field emission scanning electron microscope） micrograph analysis carried out on a polish section of the sample indicated that the fine cassiterite particles （approximately 80 ~tm） were found to be disseminated in the quartz minerals. Prior to the separation processes, grindability studies were carried-out on crushed samples to liberate the cassiterite from other gangue minerals and at the same time, avoid producing high percentage of fines. For the separation of tin from gangue minerals on the ground samples, two stages of gravity separations by shaking tables were carried out. The first stage was run on ground samples and for the second stage, the middling product from the first stage was re-tabled. Magnetic separation process on Concentrate 1 （stage 1） and Concentrate 2 （stage 2） products from the shaking table increased the grade of SnO2 to 46.85% and 61.90% respectively （as a non-magnetic products）. Further concentration process of these non-magnetic products by high tension separator, increased the grade of SnO2 from 85.05% to 98.77%.展开更多
Trace elements in cassiterite, including Ta, W, Fe, Mn, Ti, Zr, V, Sc, Si, kl, In, Ga, Ge, Be,Bi, Ag, Sb, As, Cu, Pb, Zn, Co and REE, have been studied by many workers (Shan Zhenhua etal., 1988; Huang Zhou Tianren et ...Trace elements in cassiterite, including Ta, W, Fe, Mn, Ti, Zr, V, Sc, Si, kl, In, Ga, Ge, Be,Bi, Ag, Sb, As, Cu, Pb, Zn, Co and REE, have been studied by many workers (Shan Zhenhua etal., 1988; Huang Zhou Tianren et al., 1987; Wu Qingsheng et al., l988; Hu Zening, 1988, Li Zhong-qing 1988 MingZhi et al.,1988; Wang Lihua et al., 1988, Liu Kanghuai, 1990). Up to now, however,most of the previous studiesareconcerned with tracoelement variations in cassiterites of diffirent occur-rences and colors from diffirent types of ore deposits, Data concerning the modes of occurrence of’ these trace elements are rare, except for the contention that Nb-Ta, F.2+-M.-F.3+ and W-F.3+ maysubstitute isomorphously for Sn as pointed out by Zhou Tianren et al. (1987) and Moller et al.(1988). In this paper we are concerned with the compositionaI characterishcs as well as the modes ofoccurrence of trace elements in cassiterites from quartz veins and greisens in the Dupangling tin field,Guangxi, based on mu1tivariate statistical analys es.Tin mineralization in the Dupang1ing area is found associated with the medium-to fine-grainedprotolithionite-albite granite and its outer contacts. Cassiterite occurs, with wolframite, both inquartz veins in the contact and in greisens within the granite.’ ) Spatially, greisens become dominantover quartz veins in going from the contact to the interior of the granite and with increasing depth.The greisens are of various shapes. The vein-shaPed and the sheet-shaped greisens at the top of thegranite are rich in quartz and the chambered greisens always constitute rich ores and contain abun-dant topaz or mica. Genetically, Sn, W ndneralizations associated with the protolithionite-albite gran-ite are considered to have been formed from fluid melt derived from the ore-forming magma re-sponsible for the展开更多
Cassiterites from both the Beauvoir and Montebras geanited of France are typically rich in trace elements such as Nb and Ta, and contain quite a number of inclusions of columbite (dominantly manganocolumbite).Two thin...Cassiterites from both the Beauvoir and Montebras geanited of France are typically rich in trace elements such as Nb and Ta, and contain quite a number of inclusions of columbite (dominantly manganocolumbite).Two thin sections of cassiterite crystals have been prepared for Raman microprobe analysis).The spectra obtained from different parts of the cassiterites show that the vibra-tion frequency of the A1g peak decreases with increasing Nb ,Ta,Fe and Mn atomic contents.It is worthy to note that a new peak (named the “An peak”) has been reported for the first time in the part with oriented columbite inclusions.The vibration frequency varies from 827 to 830 cm^-1.The presence of th enew peak may be attributed to structural changes of cassiterite due to the excess of Nb and Ta in the lattice and the exsolution of columbite inclusions in cassiterite.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2003129 and 51504175)China Scholarship Council(No.201706955031)。
文摘Adhesion is an important process of particle-bubble interaction in fine particle(-10μm)flotation.This paper studied the adhesion process and mechanism between nanobubbles and fine cassiterite particles by using a high-speed camera,atomic force microscope(AFM),adsorption capacity tests,and induction time tests.After being pretreated with nanobubbles(NBs)water,fine cassiterite particles flotation tests were carried out using caprylhydroxamic acid(CHA)as a collector.The results showed that NBs can improve the recovery and flotation rate of fine cassiterite while decreasing the collector dosage.The adsorption capacity test indicated that the cassiterite treated with NBs had lower demand for collector concentration.The AFM imaging results further demonstrate that NBs could reduce the adsorption of CHA on the surface of minerals.Since NBs played a part of the role of collector,it can improve the flotation effect while reducing the amount of collector.The induction time test and the high-speed camera observation test showed that NBs promoted the attachment between bubbles and cassiterite particles.On the other hand,NBs agglomerate cassiterite particles,increasing the probability of particles colliding with bubbles.
基金Project(50774094)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2011BAB05B01)supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(2013M542076)supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China
文摘Particle-bubble interaction during electro-flotation of cassiterite was investigated by determining the recovery of cassiterite and the collision mechanism of cassiterite particle and H2 bubble. Flotation tests at different conditions were conducted in a single bubble flotation cell. The recovery of cassiterite was found to be affected by cassiterite particle and bubble size. A matching range, in which the best recovery can be obtained, was found between particle and bubble size. Collision, attachment, and detachment of the particle-bubble were observed and captured by a high-speed camera. Particle-bubble collision and attachment were analyzed with the use of particle-bubble interaction theory to obtain the experimental results. An attachment model was introduced and verified through the photos captured by the high-speed camera. A bridge role was observed between the bubbles and particles. Particle-bubble interaction was found to be affected by bubble size and particle size, which significantly influenced not only the collision and attachment behavior of the particles and bubbles but also the flotation recovery of fine cassiterite particles.
基金Project(50774094)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2010CB630905)supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘In order to discuss the particle-bubble interaction during the electro-flotation of cassiterite,the recovery of cassiterite with different particle sizes was investigated,and the collision mechanism between the cassiterite particles and H2 bubbles was explored.The flotation tests were carried out in a single bubble flotation cell.The results show that cassiterite particles 10 μm,10-20 μm,20？38 μm and 38-74 μm match with bubbles with size of 50-150 μm,about 250 μm,74 μm and 74 μm,respectively,and a better recovery can be obtained.It is demonstrated that the recovery of cassiterite is influenced by the size of cassiterite particles and bubbles.Furthermore,the probabilities of collision,adhesion,detachment and collection were calculated using the collision,attachment and collection models.Theoretical calculation results show that the collision probability decreases sharply with decreasing particle size and increasing bubble size（below 150 μm）.The attachment probability would increase from the effective collision,leading to the increase of recovery.
基金Project(2013AA064102)supported by the 12th Five-year Plan of National Scientific and Technological Program of China
文摘The flotation behavior and adsorption mechanism of novel（1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-octenyl） phosphonic acid（HEPA） to cassiterite were investigated by micro-flotation tests, zeta potential measurements, FTIR determination and density functional theory（DFT） calculation. The flotation results demonstrated that HEPA exhibited superior collecting performance compared with styrene phosphonic acid（SPA）. The cassiterite recovery maintained above 90% over a wide pH range of 2-9 with 50 mg/L HEPA. The results of zeta potential measurement and FTIR detection indicated that the adsorption of HEPA onto cassiterite was mainly attributed to the chemisorption between HEPA monoanions and Sn species on mineral surfaces. The DFT calculation results demonstrated that HEPA monoanions owned higher HOMO energy and exhibited a better affinity to cassiterite than SPA, which provided very clear evidence for the stronger collecting power of HEPA presented in floatation test and zeta potential measurement.
文摘Flotation of cassiterite has been studied on pure minerals performed in a microflotation cell with various collectors. The results indicate that sulphosuccinamate demonstrates strong collection, good selectivity on cassiterite in the region around pH 6, and that lead ions have certain activation whereas other ions such as ferric, aluminum, manganese, ferrous, calcium have strong depression on cassiterite flotation. In addition, X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was applied to study the flotation systems of cassiterite sulphosuccinamate in the presence and absence of metal cation, and a chemisorption mechanism through chemically bonding between stannum species on the cassiterite surface and oxygen from sulphosuccinamate is proposed. The chemical environment of stannum species would be changed in the presence of lead ions in the flotation systems and therefore improve the activity of the stannum species, while ferric ions show strong depression due to the formation of steady complexes between ferric species and collector.
基金Project(B14034)supported by the National "111" Project of Ministry of Education of ChinaProject(2015CX005)supported by the Innovation Driven Plan of Central South University,ChinaProject supported by the 2014 Sublimation Scholar Program of Central South University,China
文摘The effect of octanol in cassiterite flotation using benzohydroxamic acid (BHA) as a collector was investigated. Theadsorption mechanism of octanol and BHA on the surface of cassiterite was analyzed by adsorption experiments and infrared spectraanalysis. Micro-flotation results indicated that single octanol exhibited almost no collecting power to cassiterite over a wide pHrange. However, as an auxiliary collector, octanol could markedly decrease the consumption of collector BHA and keep the recoveryof cassiterite in high level. The results of adsorption experiments and infrared spectra demonstrated that single octanol was notadsorbed on the surface of cassiterite. It formed adsorption connected with BHA on the surface of cassiterite, and enhanced thehydrophobicity of cassiterite. Octanol promoted the adsorption amount of BHA on the cassiterite surface, and decreased theconsumption of BHA.
基金Project(50774094) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2010CB630905) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘Two reagents including salicylhydroxamic acid(SHA) and tributyl phosphate(TBP) were tested as collectors either separately or together for electro-flotation of fine cassiterite(<10 μm).Subsequently,the flotation mechanism of the fine cassiterite was investigated by adsorbance determination,electrophoretic mobility measurements and Fourier transform infra-red(FT-IR) spectrum checking.Results of the flotation experiments show that with SHA as a collector,the collecting performance is remarkably impacted by the pulp pH value as the floatability of cassiterite varies sharply when the pH changes,and flotation with SHA gives distinct maximum at about pH 6.5.Additionally,the floatability of cassiterite is determined by using SHA and TBP as collectors.The range of pulp pH for good floatability is broadened in the presence of TBP as auxiliary collector,and the utilization of TBP improves the recovery of cassiterite modestly.Moreover,the optimum pH value for cassiterite flotation is associated with adsorbance.The results of FT-IR spectrum and the electrophoretic mobility measurements indicate that the adsorption interaction between the collectors and the cassiterite is dominantly a kind of chemical bonding in the form of one or two cycle chelate rings due to the coordination of carbonyl group,hydroxamate and P=O group to the metal tin atoms,where the oxygen atoms contained in carbonyl group,hydroxamate and P=O group of the polar groups have the stereo conditions to form five-membered rings.In addition,the adsorption interactions of SHA and TBP on the surfaces of cassiterite are also dominated by means of hydrogen bonds.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (grant No. 2016YFC0600405)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants No. 41672079 and 41372085)Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant No. XDB1803206)
文摘Objective The Yangbin porphyry tin deposit in Taishun County of Zhejiang Province is one of the few porphyry-type tin deposits in South China, which is located in the middle portion of the Mesozoic volcanic active belt on the southeastern coast of China. The Yangbin granite porphyry is closely related to the tin mineralization in this region. Based on petrologic and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic
文摘Model for prediction of the concentration of tin extracted during potassium hydroxide leaching of cassiterite has been derived. The model: A = Nt1.53, indicates that the concentration tin extracted is dependent on the residence time. It was found that the validity of the model is rooted in the expression Log A = Log (Nt1.53). Tin extraction per unit time as obtained from experiment and derived model are 2.6666 and 2.6268 mg/min respectively. The maximum deviation of the model-predicted concentration of dissolved tin from the corresponding concentration obtained from the experiment was found to be less than 8%, which is quite within the acceptable deviation limit of experimental results and hence, impacting about 92% confidence coefficient on the model.
文摘The morphology and elemental characteristics of Kuru Cassiterite ore deposit was performed by the combination of different instruments. This is vital to obtain accurate mineralogical, surface properties and compositions of the ore. Mineral particles were prepared on epoxy resin, polished and analyzed by a SEM coupled with an EDS. X- ray diffraction showed that the ore contained different minerals of cassiterite, coffinite, siderophyllite,ilmenite, qartz, rutile, manganocolumbite, zircon, tilleyite and monazite. Further quantitative analysis using inductive coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry gave the elemental analysis as follows;Sn (28.0%), Si (5.5%), Fe (5.16%),Ti (3.51%), Al (2.48%), Y (1.06%), and Nb (2.53%). The other trace elements found include Mn, K, Na, Mg, La, Ce, U and Ca. The ICP-OES data was correlated with the XRD data obtained using the Guassian Pro 8.1 origin software and it showed significant correlation.
文摘The effects of blending Enugu coal and anthracite on tin smelting using Nigerian Dogo Na Hauwa cassiterite have been studied. The work utilized various blends ranging from 100% to 0% anthracite. The content of the Enugu coal in the blend varied from 5% to 100%. The various tin metal recovery percentage for each batch of smelting using various blends was noted. Anthracite alone had the highest recovery of 71.90% followed by 5% blend of Enugu with anthracite. The result, however, showed that as the Enugu Coal was increased in the blend, the recovery was also decreasing. This equally affected the quality of tin metal recovered by increasing the grade. The work recommended that since the cost of production is the critical issue, 5% - 15% range of Enugu Coal should be used in preparing blends to bring down the cost of imported anthracite which is put at $906.69 per ton. The use of 15% Enugu coal will result in lowering the cost of imported anthracite by $136.0.
文摘In this work we evaluate the role of a natural mineralizer-oxide like cassiterite (SnO2) on the cement properties. In particular, we study the effect of different quantities of SnO2 with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 wt% on burnability of industrial raw mix by free lime evaluation. We obtain four datasets, with successive increase of temperature at 1250℃, 1350℃, 1400℃ and 1450℃. We study the produced cassiterite-added clinker with X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (DTA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Though, we characterize the new phases formed and whether, adding excess SnO2 is promote forms of C3S, C2S influencing the final quality of cement.
文摘Huge amounts of tailing dumps as a result of mines’ blasting operations were impacting economic and environmental problems. Evaluation of one of these tailing dumps of the Eastern Desert of Egypt showed the presence of reasonable amount of cassiterite mineral reaching 0.199% SnO<sub>2</sub>. The mineral cassiterite was found as finely disseminated particulates, reached to 5 microns, within varieties of quartz-feldspar-hornblende-biotite granitic formations. In the present study, the processing regime considered from the beginning the alignment between reaching cassiterite mineral liberation size, and its extreme brittleness character. Stirring ball milling technique was applied to produce <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span></span>0.51 mm product with minimum fines as possible, which was left aside for a separate study. The ground product <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span></span>0.51 + 0.074 mm was subjected to joint shaking table/dry high intensity magnetic separation techniques after splitting it into two fractions, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span></span>0.51 + 0.21 mm and <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span></span>0.21 + 0.074 mm. Each fraction was separately subjected to “Wilfley” shaking table. At optimum conditions, a shaking table concentrate was obtained with 0.29% SnO<sub>2</sub> and an operational recovery reached 96.94% from a feeding contained 0.19% SnO<sub>2</sub>. The heavies and the two middling products after shaking table were directed separately after dryness to dry high intensity magnetic separation using “Eriez” rare earth roll separator, meanwhile the light fractions were rejected. Mathematically designed experiments were applied to optimize the separation process. At optimum conditions, a final cassiterite concentrate was obtained with 11.25% SnO<sub>2</sub>, and an operational recovery 94.08%. In addition, a topaz mineral concentrate was separated at splitter angle 65<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">˚</span></span>.
文摘It is known that ore containing cassiterite （SnO2） has been our most important source of tin since antiquity and its successful separation continuously pose problems to mineral processors. The situation is more pronounced since the depletion of the more easily recoverable alluvial reserves forces us to work with the more complex deposits such as hardrock cassiterite ores. In order to understand more about the challenges in processing complex tin ore deposits, a metasedimentary rock ore sample from a mine in Malaysia was used in this study. Chemical analysis by wet method shows that SnO2 content in the sample was 2.86%, while for mineralogical analysis, the x-ray diffractogram （XRD） of the sample had identified that besides cassiterite, the sample also contained minerals such as quartz （SiO2） and clinochlore. Furthermore, the FESEM （field emission scanning electron microscope） micrograph analysis carried out on a polish section of the sample indicated that the fine cassiterite particles （approximately 80 ~tm） were found to be disseminated in the quartz minerals. Prior to the separation processes, grindability studies were carried-out on crushed samples to liberate the cassiterite from other gangue minerals and at the same time, avoid producing high percentage of fines. For the separation of tin from gangue minerals on the ground samples, two stages of gravity separations by shaking tables were carried out. The first stage was run on ground samples and for the second stage, the middling product from the first stage was re-tabled. Magnetic separation process on Concentrate 1 （stage 1） and Concentrate 2 （stage 2） products from the shaking table increased the grade of SnO2 to 46.85% and 61.90% respectively （as a non-magnetic products）. Further concentration process of these non-magnetic products by high tension separator, increased the grade of SnO2 from 85.05% to 98.77%.
文摘Trace elements in cassiterite, including Ta, W, Fe, Mn, Ti, Zr, V, Sc, Si, kl, In, Ga, Ge, Be,Bi, Ag, Sb, As, Cu, Pb, Zn, Co and REE, have been studied by many workers (Shan Zhenhua etal., 1988; Huang Zhou Tianren et al., 1987; Wu Qingsheng et al., l988; Hu Zening, 1988, Li Zhong-qing 1988 MingZhi et al.,1988; Wang Lihua et al., 1988, Liu Kanghuai, 1990). Up to now, however,most of the previous studiesareconcerned with tracoelement variations in cassiterites of diffirent occur-rences and colors from diffirent types of ore deposits, Data concerning the modes of occurrence of’ these trace elements are rare, except for the contention that Nb-Ta, F.2+-M.-F.3+ and W-F.3+ maysubstitute isomorphously for Sn as pointed out by Zhou Tianren et al. (1987) and Moller et al.(1988). In this paper we are concerned with the compositionaI characterishcs as well as the modes ofoccurrence of trace elements in cassiterites from quartz veins and greisens in the Dupangling tin field,Guangxi, based on mu1tivariate statistical analys es.Tin mineralization in the Dupang1ing area is found associated with the medium-to fine-grainedprotolithionite-albite granite and its outer contacts. Cassiterite occurs, with wolframite, both inquartz veins in the contact and in greisens within the granite.’ ) Spatially, greisens become dominantover quartz veins in going from the contact to the interior of the granite and with increasing depth.The greisens are of various shapes. The vein-shaPed and the sheet-shaped greisens at the top of thegranite are rich in quartz and the chambered greisens always constitute rich ores and contain abun-dant topaz or mica. Genetically, Sn, W ndneralizations associated with the protolithionite-albite gran-ite are considered to have been formed from fluid melt derived from the ore-forming magma re-sponsible for the
文摘Cassiterites from both the Beauvoir and Montebras geanited of France are typically rich in trace elements such as Nb and Ta, and contain quite a number of inclusions of columbite (dominantly manganocolumbite).Two thin sections of cassiterite crystals have been prepared for Raman microprobe analysis).The spectra obtained from different parts of the cassiterites show that the vibra-tion frequency of the A1g peak decreases with increasing Nb ,Ta,Fe and Mn atomic contents.It is worthy to note that a new peak (named the “An peak”) has been reported for the first time in the part with oriented columbite inclusions.The vibration frequency varies from 827 to 830 cm^-1.The presence of th enew peak may be attributed to structural changes of cassiterite due to the excess of Nb and Ta in the lattice and the exsolution of columbite inclusions in cassiterite.
