Rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) is one of the most important cropping systems in South Asia. However, sustainability of this system is under threat owing to several factors, of which deficiency of micronutrients par...Rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) is one of the most important cropping systems in South Asia. However, sustainability of this system is under threat owing to several factors, of which deficiency of micronutrients particularly zinc (Zn), boron (B) and manganese (Mn) is one of the major problems. Continuous rotation of rice and wheat, imbalanced fertilizer use and little/no use of micronutrient-enriched fertilizers induce deficiencies of Zn, B and Mn in the RWCS of South Asia. Here we review that (i) imbalanced fertilizer use and organic matter depletion deteriorate soil structure resulting in low efficiency of applied macro- and micro-nutrients in RWCS.(ii) The micronutrients (Zn, B and Mn) are essentially involved in metabolism of rice and wheat plants, including chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthesis, enzyme activation and membrane integrity.(iii) Availability and uptake of Zn, B and Mn from rhizosphere depend on the physico-chemical soil properties (which differ under aerobic and anaerobic conditions) including soil pH, soil organic matter, soil moisture and interaction of these micronutrients with other nutrients.(iv) Plant ability to uptake and utilize the nutrients is affected by several plant factors such as root architecture, root hairs, transport kinetics parameter and root exudates.(v) Crop management and application of these microelements can help correct the micronutrients deficiency and enhance their grain concentration.展开更多
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) presents high incidence throughout the world and has been progressively increasing in prevalence. This disease has a heterogeneous natural history, including simple s...BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) presents high incidence throughout the world and has been progressively increasing in prevalence. This disease has a heterogeneous natural history, including simple steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), and cirrhosis. The factors that determine its evolution to more severe forms of the disease are still poorly understood, and micronutrients with antioxidant potential may be involved in the pathophysiology of the disease.AIM To evaluate the relationship between serum levels of micronutrients and the severity of NAFLD.METHODS A retrospective, observational and cross-sectional study was conducted. This study included all patients undergoing bariatric surgery who experienced liver biopsy during the procedure, and had serum levels of micronutrients(vitamin D,vitamin B12, zinc, iron, and magnesium), which was assessed in a preoperative evaluation conducted at a reference center in southern Brazil.RESULTS A total of 614 patients were analyzed, of which 93% had steatosis, 70.7% had NASH, and 49.3% had some degree of fibrosis. Serum levels of vitamin D were negatively correlated with the severity of steatosis and NASH, and serum levels of vitamin B12 were positively correlated with the severity of steatosis and fibrosis. The other micronutrients showed no association with NAFLD staging.CONCLUSION Serum levels of vitamin D are inversely related to the severity of steatosis and NASH, and serum levels of vitamin B12 are higher in more advanced stages of simple steatosis and liver fibrosis. Serum levels of zinc, iron, and magnesium were not associated with NAFLD severity.展开更多
Globally about half of the world’s population is under micronutrient malnutrition due to poor quality food intake.To overcome this problem,fortification and biofortification techniques are often used.Biofortification...Globally about half of the world’s population is under micronutrient malnutrition due to poor quality food intake.To overcome this problem,fortification and biofortification techniques are often used.Biofortification is considered a better option than fortification due to the easy control of nutrient deficiencies present in daily food.This field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of foliar application of a micronutrient mixture(MNM)consisting of zinc(Zn),iron(Fe),copper(Cu),manganese(Mn)and boron(B)on yield and flour quality of wheat.The results show the effectiveness of foliar feeding for growth and yield parameters,in addition to the enriching of wheat grains with Zn,Cu,Fe,Mn and B.Compared to the control without foliar feeding,foliar application on wheat crop increased tillering ability,spike length,grain yield and the contents of Zn,Cu,Mn,Fe and B by 21,47,22,22 and 25%in wheat flour,respectively.Therefore,foliar feeding of micronutrients could be an effective approach to enrich wheat grains with essential nutrients for correcting malnutrition.展开更多
This experiment was conducted to study the effect of foliar spray of micronutrients on quality of peach fruits at Horticulture Farm, University of Agriculture Peshawar during 2010. The experiment was conducted in rand...This experiment was conducted to study the effect of foliar spray of micronutrients on quality of peach fruits at Horticulture Farm, University of Agriculture Peshawar during 2010. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete design with six treatments and four replications on peach orchards (early grand). Our pre-treatment soil analysis showed silt loam soil class, alkaline and calcareous in nature and adequate in organic matter. The soil was deficient in P, Zn, Fe and B, whereas adequate in Mn and Cu. The fruit quality was evaluated and maximum fruit length, diameter and yield were noted in T6 (Zn + Cu + Fe + Mn + B). The juice pH decreased and the juice acidity increased in a linear fashion after foliar spray of micronutrients. The total soluble solids of fresh fruit juice ranged 7.01%-8.88% and vitamin C ranged from 4.80%-7.90% after foliar spray. So the foliar spray of micronutrients significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected the quality of peach fruit.展开更多
Plant macronutrient distribution in podzolized sands of the Amazon caatinga has received attention in several studies;however, the distribution of micronutrients has not been assessed. Soil micronutrient availability ...Plant macronutrient distribution in podzolized sands of the Amazon caatinga has received attention in several studies;however, the distribution of micronutrients has not been assessed. Soil micronutrient availability has been hypothesized to reflect contrasting habitat characteristics as well as fundamental differences in substrate, and leaf micronutrient composition may reflect the macronutrient content needed to maintain balance for leaf cell functions. In this study, soil and leaf samples were obtained in a toposequence (valley, slope, and mound). Available soil micro- and macronutrients as well as total leaf content were measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer and mass spectroscopy. Soil Zn (-1) and B (-1) as well as Cu (-1) levels were very low. Soil Mn was low in the valleys and slopes (0.62-0.87 mg·kg-1), but higher in the mound (6.59 mg·kg-1). Soil Fe (11.48-21.13 mg·kg-1) was well above the critical level in all of the habitats. Leaf micronutrients Cu, B, Zn, and Fe were below the critical levels for tropical crops of 3-7, 20-70, 15-20, and 72 mg·kg-1, respectively. Leaf Mn (88 mg·kg-1) and Al (<50 mg·kg-1) were below the accumulators level. A strong relationship between leaf micro- and macronutrients suggests the maintenance of a homeostatic elemental composition, which may favour photosynthetic function. Therefore, the local distribution of species may be shaped by their abilities to maintain a balance of micronutrient collected through roots under critically low levels of available Zn, B, and Cu whilst excluding potentially deleterious ions of Mn, Fe, and Al.展开更多
Micronutrient refers to the relative quantity of a nutrient that is required for plant growth. It takes part in metabolic activities, enzymatic process/catalysts etc. Thus these all directly and indirectly help in pla...Micronutrient refers to the relative quantity of a nutrient that is required for plant growth. It takes part in metabolic activities, enzymatic process/catalysts etc. Thus these all directly and indirectly help in plant growth and development. There are 8 essential plant nutrient elements defined as micronutrients like boron (B), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), chlorine (Cl) and silicon (Si). They constitute in total less than 1% of the dry weight of most plants. Organic sources like farm yard manure, compost, vermicompost etc. may contain less quantity of these nutrients but presence of these help the plant in their growth and development. They also called trace elements or minor elements. They are required only in small amounts (5 to 200 ppm, or less than 0.02% dry weight). The visual symptoms may be caused by more than one nutrient. Deficiency of one nutrient may be related to an excess quantity of another. Nutrient deficiency symptoms are observed only after the crop has already suffered an irretrievable loss. When soil supplies more quantity of nutrient than the plant’s requirement, plant shows toxicity symptom.展开更多
In this article, it is given about lengthening of praxis period, stem and leaf growth, leaf surface, number of stems and weight than the control variant soybean varieties, and the yield and grain quality of soybean va...In this article, it is given about lengthening of praxis period, stem and leaf growth, leaf surface, number of stems and weight than the control variant soybean varieties, and the yield and grain quality of soybean varieties are significantly higher when the three types of sulfur and manganese on background of mineral fertilizers are applied in suspension in the condition of meadow-swamp soil. In the soybean varieties, mineral fertilizers were used in the variant with an additional yield of around 5 - 12 c/ha compared to the control. According to the norms of the manganese element, around 7 - 20 c/ha;when using sulfur, the yield in soybean varieties is around 8.0 - 18.0 c/ha. On the background of mineral fertilizers, grain quality has changed due to micronutrients. Protein content in the “Orzu” variety increased by 3.1% - 8.4% when manganese and sulfur elements were used;in the “Nafis” variety, the protein content was found to increase by 6.1% - 8.5%.展开更多
Research on nutrigenomics has accumulated sufficient data in the past two decades that have dem on strated phe no types of single n ucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) betwee n healthy and micronutrient-deficient populatio...Research on nutrigenomics has accumulated sufficient data in the past two decades that have dem on strated phe no types of single n ucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) betwee n healthy and micronutrient-deficient populations. For instance, Zhang et al. showed that the genes MTHFR C677T, MTRR A66G, and MTR A2756G were the genetic factors resp on sible for low absorptio n and bioavailability of vitamins such as folate, B6/ and B12. It has also been reported that these nutrients are closely associated with the prevale nee of neural tube defects in newborn infants。展开更多
The field and screen house experiments were carried out in the 2013 cropping season to assess the effects of B. japonicum inoculation and phosphorus supplementation on the uptake of micronutrients in the cowpea. The e...The field and screen house experiments were carried out in the 2013 cropping season to assess the effects of B. japonicum inoculation and phosphorus supplementation on the uptake of micronutrients in the cowpea. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design where the main plots comprised two inoculation treatments (with and without B. japonicum inoculation) and sub plots included four different levels of phosphorus (0, 20, 40, and 80 kg P/ha). The results showed a significant improvement in the uptake of micronutrients in the B. japonicum inoculated treatments over the control. Phosphorus supplementation (40 kg P/ha) also showed a significant increase in the uptake of some micronutrients while decreasing the uptake of Zn in some plant organs. There was also a significant interaction between B. japonicum inoculation and phosphorus in the root uptake of Zn for the field experiment.展开更多
Grain zinc(Zn) and iron(Fe) concentrations and their responses to foliar application of micronutrients in 28 Chinese wheat landraces and 63 cultivars were investigated in a two-year field experiment. The average grain...Grain zinc(Zn) and iron(Fe) concentrations and their responses to foliar application of micronutrients in 28 Chinese wheat landraces and 63 cultivars were investigated in a two-year field experiment. The average grain Zn and Fe concentrations were 41.8 mg kg^(-1)(29.0-63.3 mg kg^(-1)) and 39.7 mg kg^(-1)(27.9-67.0 mg kg^(-1)), respectively. Compared with cultivars, landraces had greater grain Zn(11.0%) and Fe(4.8%) concentrations but lower harvest index(HI), grain weight per spike(GWS), grain number per spike(GNS) and thousand grain weight(TGW). Both Zn and Fe concentrations were negatively and significantly correlated with HI, GWS, and GNS, while showed a poor association with TGW, suggesting that lower HI, GWS, and GNS, but not TGW, accounted for higher Zn and Fe concentrations for landraces than for cultivars. Grain Zn concentrations of both cultivars and landraces significantly increased after foliar Zn spray and the increase was two-fold greater for landraces(12.6 mg kg^(-1)) than for cultivars(6.4 mg kg^(-1)). Foliar Fe spray increased grain Fe concentrations of landraces(3.4 mg kg^(-1)) and cultivars(1.2 mg kg^(-1)), but these increases were not statistically significant. This study showed that Chinese wheat landraces had higher grain Zn and Fe concentrations than cultivars, and greater increases occurred in grain Zn concentration than in grain Fe concentration in response to fertilization, suggesting that Chinese wheat landraces could serve as a potential genetic source for enhancing grain mineral levels in modern wheat cultivars.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency(PEI)can be difficult to diagnose and causes maldigestion symptoms and malabsorption.There has been a number of studies that have identified PEI associated micronutrient def...BACKGROUND Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency(PEI)can be difficult to diagnose and causes maldigestion symptoms and malabsorption.There has been a number of studies that have identified PEI associated micronutrient deficiencies(PEI-MD),however there is variation in both the frequency and type of PEI-MD reported,with the majority of studies including patients with PEI due to chronic pancreatitis(CP)or CP without PEI.There is a paucity of information regarding the prevalence of PEIMD in patients with PEI without CP and the yield of testing for PEI-MD in a clinical setting in patients with suspected benign pancreatic diseases.AIM To prospectively assess the yield and type of PEI–MD in patients with and without PEI secondary to benign pancreatic disease.METHODS Patients investigated for maldigestion symptoms with Faecal Elastase-1(FEL-1)and suspected or proven benign pancreatic disease were prospectively identified.At the time of FEL-1 testing,serum samples were taken for micronutrients identified by previous studies as PEI-MD:prealbumin,retinol binding protein,copper,zinc,selenium,magnesium and later in the study lipid adjusted vitamin E.FEL-1 was recorded,with a result<200μg/g considered diagnostic of PEI.Patients underwent computed tomography(CT)imaging when there was a clinical suspicion of CP,a new diagnosis of PEI recurrent,pancreatic type pain(epigastric abdominal pain radiating to back with or without previous acute pancreatitis attacks)or weight loss.RESULTS After exclusions,112 patients were recruited that underwent testing for FEL-1 and PEI-MD.PEI was identified in 41/112(36.6%)patients and a pancreatic CT was performed in 82 patients.Overall a PEI-MD was identified in 21/112(18.8%)patients.The yield of PEI-MD was 17/41(41.5%)if PEI was present which was significantly higher than those without 4/71(5.6%)(P=0.0001).The yield of PEI–MD was significantly higher when PEI and CP were seen together 13/22(59.1%)compared to CP without PEI and PEI without CP(P<0.03).Individual micronutrient assessment showed a more frequent occurrence of prealbumin 8/41(19.5%),selenium 6/41(14.6%)and magnesium 5/41(12.2%)deficiency when PEI was present(<0.02).The accuracy of using the significant micronutrients identified in our cohort as a predictor of PEI showed a positive predictive value of 80%-85.7%[95%confidence interval(CI):38%-100%]and a low sensitivity of 9.8%-19.5%[95%CI:3.3%-34.9%].CONCLUSION Testing for PEI-MD in patients with suspected pancreatic disease has a high yield,specifically when PEI and CP are found together.PEI-MD testing should include selenium,magnesium and prealbumin.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease(AD)is one of the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorders that have been studied for more than 100 years.Although an increased level of amyloid precursor protein is considered a key ...Alzheimer's disease(AD)is one of the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorders that have been studied for more than 100 years.Although an increased level of amyloid precursor protein is considered a key contributor to the development of AD,the exact pathogenic mechanism remains known.Multiple factors are related to AD,such as genetic factors,aging,lifestyle,and nutrients.Both epidemiological and clinical evidence has shown that the levels of micronutrients,such as copper,zinc,and iron,are closely related to the development of AD.In this review,we summarize the roles of eight micronutrients,including copper,zinc,iron,selenium,silicon,manganese,arsenic,and vitamin D in AD based on recently published studies.展开更多
The gap that exists between research and the dissemination and implementation of research findings has been well established. Food fortification, one of the most cost-effective means of addressing micronutrient malnut...The gap that exists between research and the dissemination and implementation of research findings has been well established. Food fortification, one of the most cost-effective means of addressing micronutrient malnutrition, is no exception. With decades of implementation experience, there is need to strengthen mechanisms that effectively broadcast proven strategies to promote the successful implementation of fortification programs in changing, challenging, and dynamic environments. This requires clear channels of communication, well-defined in-country leadership, and a streamlined and focused approach that can be adapted to country-specific contexts. Based on experience designing and implementing fortification programs throughout Africa and a broad understanding of past successes and failures, a model is proposed that articulates often over-looked program elements critical to design and implementation.展开更多
Immunotherapy is now commonly prescribed to cancer patients,but autoimmune-related adverse events are considerable.For severe,life-threatening side effects,cessation of therapy seems unavoidable,let alone intensive me...Immunotherapy is now commonly prescribed to cancer patients,but autoimmune-related adverse events are considerable.For severe,life-threatening side effects,cessation of therapy seems unavoidable,let alone intensive medical care required for patching up the adverse events.Even without serious adverse events,the response rates are too low and various combinatory regimens have been tried.However,toxicities are also added on,unless the adjuvant agents have remarkably few side effects.Actually,micronutrients are usually taken by a majority of cancer patients as nutritional support or to boost the immune function,let alone hoping to counteract treatment side effects.Recent studies have shown that combinations of micronutrients exert pleiotropic effects in controlling tumor growth and metastasis by modulating the tumor microenvironment,enhancing gut microbiota immune functions,and providing adjunct nutritional support to micronutrient deficient cancer patients.A higher than recommended dietary allowance micronutrient dose is proposed to reduce the toxic free radicals generated as a result of immunotherapy and tumor metabolism.This is not only helpful for managing treatment side effects but also enhancing treatment efficacy.As micronutrient supplementation is also useful to improve patients’quality of life,prolong survival,and sustain compliance to immunotherapy,further investigations are mandatory.展开更多
Two major issues, i.e. large crop productions and huge anthropogenic activities (e.g. fuel burning and mineral roasting) disturb the micronutrient balance in the soil of India. In this work, the available and total st...Two major issues, i.e. large crop productions and huge anthropogenic activities (e.g. fuel burning and mineral roasting) disturb the micronutrient balance in the soil of India. In this work, the available and total status of eight micronutrients i.e. Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Mo, and S of the soils in the most urbanized area: Raipur area, Chhattisgarh, India (extending over ≈ 2 × 104 km2) is described. The available status of micronutrients i.e. Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Mo and SO42- in the soils (n = 100) was ranged from 30 - 8253, 205 - 2800, 2.0 - 8.1, 0.7 - 5.0, 2.2 - 31.2, 0.1 - 13.4, 0.1 - 8.9 and 41 - 747 mg/kg with mean value of (at 95% probability) 642 ± 186, 1178 ± 119, 4.3 ± 0.3, 2.3 ± 0.2, 12.8 ± 1.3, 3.9 ± 0.6, 1.5 ± 0.3 and 281 ± 25 mg/kg, respectively. The concentration variations, deficiencies and toxicities of the micronutrients in the soil are discussed.展开更多
Background: The amounts of micronutrients in the diets of infants, and the factors that influence them needs to be monitored at the population level in order to avert detrimental developmental defects that impose life...Background: The amounts of micronutrients in the diets of infants, and the factors that influence them needs to be monitored at the population level in order to avert detrimental developmental defects that impose lifetime-limitations on an infant’s regulatory and defense systems. This study therefore, sought to evaluate if increasing levels of the toxic metals, Hg, Pb and Cd in breast milk will result in reducing amounts of the micronutrients Zn, Se and Cu in breast milk. Methods: Breast milk samples of 114 women living in two mining areas (57 women each) in Ghana, whose babies’ amounts of breast milk intake at three months postpartum, and amounts of toxic metals had previously been determined in a prospective study, were analyzed for micronutrients by a combination of acid and microwave digestion, and quantifications were by two different modes (hydrogen and helium) of Octapole Reaction System Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (7500 ce. Agilent), equipped with an ASX-510 Auto-sampler (Cetac). Results: All the breast milk specimen collected contained detectable amounts of Cu, Zn, both at levels less than have been previously reported, and Se. For specimen that did not contain Pb the amount of Se ranged from about 110 to 245 ng/g of milk, however, as the amount of Pb increased, the corresponding highest detected amount of Se reduced steeply, resulting in a right-angle triangle-shaped scatter plot. Similar relationships were observed between other toxic metals and micronutrients studied. A curve fitting regression analysis showed significant quadratic and cubic relationships between the amounts of Hg and Se, as well as between Pb, As and Cu. Conclusion: The results clearly suggest a double burden of malnutrition in these mining areas, where high loads of maternal toxic metals in breast milk, related significantly with a progressive reduction in the amounts of the micronutrients Cu and Se in breast milk, potentially reducing in infants’ intake of these micronutrients.展开更多
Wheat is one of the most essential foods in the world. To increase its productivity, nutrient management is one of the most important factors. To assess the possible role of micronutrients in improving wheat yield, an...Wheat is one of the most essential foods in the world. To increase its productivity, nutrient management is one of the most important factors. To assess the possible role of micronutrients in improving wheat yield, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the wheat performance by foliar application of micronutrients. Treatments consist of T1 = No spray, T2 = Spraying plants with tube well water (control), T3 = Spraying plants with 1.6 kg FeSO4/100 L water/acre, T4 = Spraying plants with 3 kg ZnSO4 (21%)/100 L water/acre, T5 = Spraying plants with 1 kg MnSO4/100 L water/acre, T6 = Spraying plants with (FeSO4 + MnSO4), T7 = Spraying plants with (FeSO4 + ZnSO4), T8 = Spraying plants with (ZnSO4 + MnSO4), and T9 = Spraying plants with (FeSO4 + ZnSO4 + MnSO4). Results showed that foliar application of micronutrients substantially improved plant height, spike length cm, spikelets/spike, grains/spike, test weight, Tillers m-2, grain and biological as well as harvest index of wheat. Among treatments, foliar application of FeSO4 + ZnSO4 + MnSO4 remained comparatively better regarding yield related attributes of展开更多
A field experiment had been conducted during spring season of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 at Regional Research Sub-station of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya,Raghunathpur,Purulia,West Bengal with the objective to stu...A field experiment had been conducted during spring season of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 at Regional Research Sub-station of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya,Raghunathpur,Purulia,West Bengal with the objective to study the effect of micronutrient application with different sources of NPK on growth and productivity of finger millet.The experiment was laid out in split plot design with two main plot treatments(sources of NPK,F1:100%recommended dose of NPK(RDF)i.e.,N:P2O5:K2O,40:20:20 kg/ha,F2:75%RDF+2.5 t/ha farmyard manure(FYM))and six subplot treatments(method and dose of micronutrient application,M1:ZnSO4 at a rate 12.5 kg/ha as soil application,M2:ZnSO4 at a rate 0.5%as foliar spray,M3:borax at a rate 10 kg/ha as soil application,M4:borax at a rate 0.5%as foliar spray,M5:ZnSO4 at a rate 12.5 kg/ha+borax at a rate 10 kg/ha as soil application and M6:ZnSO4 at a rate 0.5%+borax at a rate 0.5%as foliar spray)with three replications.The results of the experiment indicated(from pooled data)that there was a significant influence of sources of NPK and application of micronutrients on growth and performance of finger millet.The highest grain yield(2.24 and 2.30 t/ha)was recorded by 2.5 t/ha FYM+75%RDF in combination with ZnSO4 at a rate 0.5%+borax at a rate 0.5%foliar spray.So,organic and inorganic combination of NPK(75%RDF+2.5 t/ha FYM)along with foliar application of both the micronutrients(Zn and B)together can boost up the yield and could be recommended for the cultivation of finger millet crop in red and laterite zone of West Bengal.展开更多
Background: The dietary behaviors of physicians and medical students are strongly associated with their nutrition counseling practices. Little research to date describes their dietary intakes and no recent studies hav...Background: The dietary behaviors of physicians and medical students are strongly associated with their nutrition counseling practices. Little research to date describes their dietary intakes and no recent studies have assessed the adequacy of their micronutrient intakes. As micronutrient imbalances are associated with a variety of chronic diseases, public guidelines target increasing dietary nutrient density. The purpose of this study was to identify micronutrient imbalances in the diets of medical students and determine whether intakes are becoming more compliant with dietary guidelines over time. Methods: From 2000 to 2006, 409 second-year Vanderbilt University medical students completed the Block Brief 2000 food frequency questionnaire prior to the required “Introduction to Clinical Nutrition” course. Nutrient data were compared to Dietary Reference Intake values. Results: Dietary intakes of male students were consistently inadequate for vitamin E, vitamin D, calcium, magnesium and potassium across the six cohorts. Despite a significant increase over time in the number of vegetable servings consumed, the intakes of female students revealed the same inadequacies, as well as inadequate folate and iron intakes. Multivitamin and multimineral supplementation, consumed regularly by 51% of students, closed the gap in meeting estimated micronutrient requirements, except vitamin E. Conclusions: These data can be used to inform the content of nutrition interventions for medical students focused on making optimal food selection choices as well as the content of nutrition education in the medical school curriculum. It is important to enhance medical students’ preparedness as fu- ture health care providers—not only to serve as role models for healthy dietary behaviors, but also to better recognize the nutrition needs of their future patients.展开更多
Maintenance of genome stability by preventing DNA damage is crucially important for counteracting carcinogenesis and age-associated diseases. The levels of niacin, vitamin E, vitamin B12, folate, β-carotene, retinol,...Maintenance of genome stability by preventing DNA damage is crucially important for counteracting carcinogenesis and age-associated diseases. The levels of niacin, vitamin E, vitamin B12, folate, β-carotene, retinol, magnesium, calcium, selenium and zinc, which are key micronutrients considered to be important in the prevention of genome damage, were measured in a range of fresh and processed foods available to consumers in the state of Victoria, Australia. Some of the richest dietary sources of the micronutrients, expressed as a percentage of the (Australian) recommended dietary (daily) intake for adults per 100 g of food, were: wheat germ oil (vitamin E, 1400%);oyster (vitamin B12, 2666%);rice bran (niacin, 296% and magnesium, 212%);chicken liver (folate, 354%);beef liver (retinol, 1777%);golden sweet potato (β-carotene);brazil nuts (selenium, 404%);wheat bran (zinc, 575%);skim milk powder (calcium, 116%). The data will be useful for formulating dietary guidelines for micronutrient intake as well as for formulating functional foods enriched in key micronutrients.展开更多
文摘Rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) is one of the most important cropping systems in South Asia. However, sustainability of this system is under threat owing to several factors, of which deficiency of micronutrients particularly zinc (Zn), boron (B) and manganese (Mn) is one of the major problems. Continuous rotation of rice and wheat, imbalanced fertilizer use and little/no use of micronutrient-enriched fertilizers induce deficiencies of Zn, B and Mn in the RWCS of South Asia. Here we review that (i) imbalanced fertilizer use and organic matter depletion deteriorate soil structure resulting in low efficiency of applied macro- and micro-nutrients in RWCS.(ii) The micronutrients (Zn, B and Mn) are essentially involved in metabolism of rice and wheat plants, including chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthesis, enzyme activation and membrane integrity.(iii) Availability and uptake of Zn, B and Mn from rhizosphere depend on the physico-chemical soil properties (which differ under aerobic and anaerobic conditions) including soil pH, soil organic matter, soil moisture and interaction of these micronutrients with other nutrients.(iv) Plant ability to uptake and utilize the nutrients is affected by several plant factors such as root architecture, root hairs, transport kinetics parameter and root exudates.(v) Crop management and application of these microelements can help correct the micronutrients deficiency and enhance their grain concentration.
文摘BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) presents high incidence throughout the world and has been progressively increasing in prevalence. This disease has a heterogeneous natural history, including simple steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), and cirrhosis. The factors that determine its evolution to more severe forms of the disease are still poorly understood, and micronutrients with antioxidant potential may be involved in the pathophysiology of the disease.AIM To evaluate the relationship between serum levels of micronutrients and the severity of NAFLD.METHODS A retrospective, observational and cross-sectional study was conducted. This study included all patients undergoing bariatric surgery who experienced liver biopsy during the procedure, and had serum levels of micronutrients(vitamin D,vitamin B12, zinc, iron, and magnesium), which was assessed in a preoperative evaluation conducted at a reference center in southern Brazil.RESULTS A total of 614 patients were analyzed, of which 93% had steatosis, 70.7% had NASH, and 49.3% had some degree of fibrosis. Serum levels of vitamin D were negatively correlated with the severity of steatosis and NASH, and serum levels of vitamin B12 were positively correlated with the severity of steatosis and fibrosis. The other micronutrients showed no association with NAFLD staging.CONCLUSION Serum levels of vitamin D are inversely related to the severity of steatosis and NASH, and serum levels of vitamin B12 are higher in more advanced stages of simple steatosis and liver fibrosis. Serum levels of zinc, iron, and magnesium were not associated with NAFLD severity.
基金supported by the Plant Nutrition and Stress Management Laboratory, Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
文摘Globally about half of the world’s population is under micronutrient malnutrition due to poor quality food intake.To overcome this problem,fortification and biofortification techniques are often used.Biofortification is considered a better option than fortification due to the easy control of nutrient deficiencies present in daily food.This field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of foliar application of a micronutrient mixture(MNM)consisting of zinc(Zn),iron(Fe),copper(Cu),manganese(Mn)and boron(B)on yield and flour quality of wheat.The results show the effectiveness of foliar feeding for growth and yield parameters,in addition to the enriching of wheat grains with Zn,Cu,Fe,Mn and B.Compared to the control without foliar feeding,foliar application on wheat crop increased tillering ability,spike length,grain yield and the contents of Zn,Cu,Mn,Fe and B by 21,47,22,22 and 25%in wheat flour,respectively.Therefore,foliar feeding of micronutrients could be an effective approach to enrich wheat grains with essential nutrients for correcting malnutrition.
文摘This experiment was conducted to study the effect of foliar spray of micronutrients on quality of peach fruits at Horticulture Farm, University of Agriculture Peshawar during 2010. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete design with six treatments and four replications on peach orchards (early grand). Our pre-treatment soil analysis showed silt loam soil class, alkaline and calcareous in nature and adequate in organic matter. The soil was deficient in P, Zn, Fe and B, whereas adequate in Mn and Cu. The fruit quality was evaluated and maximum fruit length, diameter and yield were noted in T6 (Zn + Cu + Fe + Mn + B). The juice pH decreased and the juice acidity increased in a linear fashion after foliar spray of micronutrients. The total soluble solids of fresh fruit juice ranged 7.01%-8.88% and vitamin C ranged from 4.80%-7.90% after foliar spray. So the foliar spray of micronutrients significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected the quality of peach fruit.
文摘Plant macronutrient distribution in podzolized sands of the Amazon caatinga has received attention in several studies;however, the distribution of micronutrients has not been assessed. Soil micronutrient availability has been hypothesized to reflect contrasting habitat characteristics as well as fundamental differences in substrate, and leaf micronutrient composition may reflect the macronutrient content needed to maintain balance for leaf cell functions. In this study, soil and leaf samples were obtained in a toposequence (valley, slope, and mound). Available soil micro- and macronutrients as well as total leaf content were measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer and mass spectroscopy. Soil Zn (-1) and B (-1) as well as Cu (-1) levels were very low. Soil Mn was low in the valleys and slopes (0.62-0.87 mg·kg-1), but higher in the mound (6.59 mg·kg-1). Soil Fe (11.48-21.13 mg·kg-1) was well above the critical level in all of the habitats. Leaf micronutrients Cu, B, Zn, and Fe were below the critical levels for tropical crops of 3-7, 20-70, 15-20, and 72 mg·kg-1, respectively. Leaf Mn (88 mg·kg-1) and Al (<50 mg·kg-1) were below the accumulators level. A strong relationship between leaf micro- and macronutrients suggests the maintenance of a homeostatic elemental composition, which may favour photosynthetic function. Therefore, the local distribution of species may be shaped by their abilities to maintain a balance of micronutrient collected through roots under critically low levels of available Zn, B, and Cu whilst excluding potentially deleterious ions of Mn, Fe, and Al.
文摘Micronutrient refers to the relative quantity of a nutrient that is required for plant growth. It takes part in metabolic activities, enzymatic process/catalysts etc. Thus these all directly and indirectly help in plant growth and development. There are 8 essential plant nutrient elements defined as micronutrients like boron (B), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), chlorine (Cl) and silicon (Si). They constitute in total less than 1% of the dry weight of most plants. Organic sources like farm yard manure, compost, vermicompost etc. may contain less quantity of these nutrients but presence of these help the plant in their growth and development. They also called trace elements or minor elements. They are required only in small amounts (5 to 200 ppm, or less than 0.02% dry weight). The visual symptoms may be caused by more than one nutrient. Deficiency of one nutrient may be related to an excess quantity of another. Nutrient deficiency symptoms are observed only after the crop has already suffered an irretrievable loss. When soil supplies more quantity of nutrient than the plant’s requirement, plant shows toxicity symptom.
文摘In this article, it is given about lengthening of praxis period, stem and leaf growth, leaf surface, number of stems and weight than the control variant soybean varieties, and the yield and grain quality of soybean varieties are significantly higher when the three types of sulfur and manganese on background of mineral fertilizers are applied in suspension in the condition of meadow-swamp soil. In the soybean varieties, mineral fertilizers were used in the variant with an additional yield of around 5 - 12 c/ha compared to the control. According to the norms of the manganese element, around 7 - 20 c/ha;when using sulfur, the yield in soybean varieties is around 8.0 - 18.0 c/ha. On the background of mineral fertilizers, grain quality has changed due to micronutrients. Protein content in the “Orzu” variety increased by 3.1% - 8.4% when manganese and sulfur elements were used;in the “Nafis” variety, the protein content was found to increase by 6.1% - 8.5%.
基金supported by Rural compulsory education student nutrition improvement plan-student nutrition and health condition in-depth monitoring and evaluation project [2016-019]
文摘Research on nutrigenomics has accumulated sufficient data in the past two decades that have dem on strated phe no types of single n ucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) betwee n healthy and micronutrient-deficient populations. For instance, Zhang et al. showed that the genes MTHFR C677T, MTRR A66G, and MTR A2756G were the genetic factors resp on sible for low absorptio n and bioavailability of vitamins such as folate, B6/ and B12. It has also been reported that these nutrients are closely associated with the prevale nee of neural tube defects in newborn infants。
文摘The field and screen house experiments were carried out in the 2013 cropping season to assess the effects of B. japonicum inoculation and phosphorus supplementation on the uptake of micronutrients in the cowpea. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design where the main plots comprised two inoculation treatments (with and without B. japonicum inoculation) and sub plots included four different levels of phosphorus (0, 20, 40, and 80 kg P/ha). The results showed a significant improvement in the uptake of micronutrients in the B. japonicum inoculated treatments over the control. Phosphorus supplementation (40 kg P/ha) also showed a significant increase in the uptake of some micronutrients while decreasing the uptake of Zn in some plant organs. There was also a significant interaction between B. japonicum inoculation and phosphorus in the root uptake of Zn for the field experiment.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0300705 and 2017YFD0301101)the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 13th Five-Year Plan period(2013BAD07B14)+1 种基金the Key Science and Technology Program of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province,China(20B210017)the Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province,China(202102110168)。
文摘Grain zinc(Zn) and iron(Fe) concentrations and their responses to foliar application of micronutrients in 28 Chinese wheat landraces and 63 cultivars were investigated in a two-year field experiment. The average grain Zn and Fe concentrations were 41.8 mg kg^(-1)(29.0-63.3 mg kg^(-1)) and 39.7 mg kg^(-1)(27.9-67.0 mg kg^(-1)), respectively. Compared with cultivars, landraces had greater grain Zn(11.0%) and Fe(4.8%) concentrations but lower harvest index(HI), grain weight per spike(GWS), grain number per spike(GNS) and thousand grain weight(TGW). Both Zn and Fe concentrations were negatively and significantly correlated with HI, GWS, and GNS, while showed a poor association with TGW, suggesting that lower HI, GWS, and GNS, but not TGW, accounted for higher Zn and Fe concentrations for landraces than for cultivars. Grain Zn concentrations of both cultivars and landraces significantly increased after foliar Zn spray and the increase was two-fold greater for landraces(12.6 mg kg^(-1)) than for cultivars(6.4 mg kg^(-1)). Foliar Fe spray increased grain Fe concentrations of landraces(3.4 mg kg^(-1)) and cultivars(1.2 mg kg^(-1)), but these increases were not statistically significant. This study showed that Chinese wheat landraces had higher grain Zn and Fe concentrations than cultivars, and greater increases occurred in grain Zn concentration than in grain Fe concentration in response to fertilization, suggesting that Chinese wheat landraces could serve as a potential genetic source for enhancing grain mineral levels in modern wheat cultivars.
文摘BACKGROUND Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency(PEI)can be difficult to diagnose and causes maldigestion symptoms and malabsorption.There has been a number of studies that have identified PEI associated micronutrient deficiencies(PEI-MD),however there is variation in both the frequency and type of PEI-MD reported,with the majority of studies including patients with PEI due to chronic pancreatitis(CP)or CP without PEI.There is a paucity of information regarding the prevalence of PEIMD in patients with PEI without CP and the yield of testing for PEI-MD in a clinical setting in patients with suspected benign pancreatic diseases.AIM To prospectively assess the yield and type of PEI–MD in patients with and without PEI secondary to benign pancreatic disease.METHODS Patients investigated for maldigestion symptoms with Faecal Elastase-1(FEL-1)and suspected or proven benign pancreatic disease were prospectively identified.At the time of FEL-1 testing,serum samples were taken for micronutrients identified by previous studies as PEI-MD:prealbumin,retinol binding protein,copper,zinc,selenium,magnesium and later in the study lipid adjusted vitamin E.FEL-1 was recorded,with a result<200μg/g considered diagnostic of PEI.Patients underwent computed tomography(CT)imaging when there was a clinical suspicion of CP,a new diagnosis of PEI recurrent,pancreatic type pain(epigastric abdominal pain radiating to back with or without previous acute pancreatitis attacks)or weight loss.RESULTS After exclusions,112 patients were recruited that underwent testing for FEL-1 and PEI-MD.PEI was identified in 41/112(36.6%)patients and a pancreatic CT was performed in 82 patients.Overall a PEI-MD was identified in 21/112(18.8%)patients.The yield of PEI-MD was 17/41(41.5%)if PEI was present which was significantly higher than those without 4/71(5.6%)(P=0.0001).The yield of PEI–MD was significantly higher when PEI and CP were seen together 13/22(59.1%)compared to CP without PEI and PEI without CP(P<0.03).Individual micronutrient assessment showed a more frequent occurrence of prealbumin 8/41(19.5%),selenium 6/41(14.6%)and magnesium 5/41(12.2%)deficiency when PEI was present(<0.02).The accuracy of using the significant micronutrients identified in our cohort as a predictor of PEI showed a positive predictive value of 80%-85.7%[95%confidence interval(CI):38%-100%]and a low sensitivity of 9.8%-19.5%[95%CI:3.3%-34.9%].CONCLUSION Testing for PEI-MD in patients with suspected pancreatic disease has a high yield,specifically when PEI and CP are found together.PEI-MD testing should include selenium,magnesium and prealbumin.
基金Supported by Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Natural Science Fund,No. 2020GXNSFAA297001Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Liuzhou Science and Technology Program Fund,No. 2020NBAA0805+2 种基金Guangxi University of TechnologyNo. 20Z06Jiangxi Social Science Research and Planning Fund,No. 19JY34
文摘Alzheimer's disease(AD)is one of the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorders that have been studied for more than 100 years.Although an increased level of amyloid precursor protein is considered a key contributor to the development of AD,the exact pathogenic mechanism remains known.Multiple factors are related to AD,such as genetic factors,aging,lifestyle,and nutrients.Both epidemiological and clinical evidence has shown that the levels of micronutrients,such as copper,zinc,and iron,are closely related to the development of AD.In this review,we summarize the roles of eight micronutrients,including copper,zinc,iron,selenium,silicon,manganese,arsenic,and vitamin D in AD based on recently published studies.
文摘The gap that exists between research and the dissemination and implementation of research findings has been well established. Food fortification, one of the most cost-effective means of addressing micronutrient malnutrition, is no exception. With decades of implementation experience, there is need to strengthen mechanisms that effectively broadcast proven strategies to promote the successful implementation of fortification programs in changing, challenging, and dynamic environments. This requires clear channels of communication, well-defined in-country leadership, and a streamlined and focused approach that can be adapted to country-specific contexts. Based on experience designing and implementing fortification programs throughout Africa and a broad understanding of past successes and failures, a model is proposed that articulates often over-looked program elements critical to design and implementation.
文摘Immunotherapy is now commonly prescribed to cancer patients,but autoimmune-related adverse events are considerable.For severe,life-threatening side effects,cessation of therapy seems unavoidable,let alone intensive medical care required for patching up the adverse events.Even without serious adverse events,the response rates are too low and various combinatory regimens have been tried.However,toxicities are also added on,unless the adjuvant agents have remarkably few side effects.Actually,micronutrients are usually taken by a majority of cancer patients as nutritional support or to boost the immune function,let alone hoping to counteract treatment side effects.Recent studies have shown that combinations of micronutrients exert pleiotropic effects in controlling tumor growth and metastasis by modulating the tumor microenvironment,enhancing gut microbiota immune functions,and providing adjunct nutritional support to micronutrient deficient cancer patients.A higher than recommended dietary allowance micronutrient dose is proposed to reduce the toxic free radicals generated as a result of immunotherapy and tumor metabolism.This is not only helpful for managing treatment side effects but also enhancing treatment efficacy.As micronutrient supplementation is also useful to improve patients’quality of life,prolong survival,and sustain compliance to immunotherapy,further investigations are mandatory.
文摘Two major issues, i.e. large crop productions and huge anthropogenic activities (e.g. fuel burning and mineral roasting) disturb the micronutrient balance in the soil of India. In this work, the available and total status of eight micronutrients i.e. Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Mo, and S of the soils in the most urbanized area: Raipur area, Chhattisgarh, India (extending over ≈ 2 × 104 km2) is described. The available status of micronutrients i.e. Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Mo and SO42- in the soils (n = 100) was ranged from 30 - 8253, 205 - 2800, 2.0 - 8.1, 0.7 - 5.0, 2.2 - 31.2, 0.1 - 13.4, 0.1 - 8.9 and 41 - 747 mg/kg with mean value of (at 95% probability) 642 ± 186, 1178 ± 119, 4.3 ± 0.3, 2.3 ± 0.2, 12.8 ± 1.3, 3.9 ± 0.6, 1.5 ± 0.3 and 281 ± 25 mg/kg, respectively. The concentration variations, deficiencies and toxicities of the micronutrients in the soil are discussed.
文摘Background: The amounts of micronutrients in the diets of infants, and the factors that influence them needs to be monitored at the population level in order to avert detrimental developmental defects that impose lifetime-limitations on an infant’s regulatory and defense systems. This study therefore, sought to evaluate if increasing levels of the toxic metals, Hg, Pb and Cd in breast milk will result in reducing amounts of the micronutrients Zn, Se and Cu in breast milk. Methods: Breast milk samples of 114 women living in two mining areas (57 women each) in Ghana, whose babies’ amounts of breast milk intake at three months postpartum, and amounts of toxic metals had previously been determined in a prospective study, were analyzed for micronutrients by a combination of acid and microwave digestion, and quantifications were by two different modes (hydrogen and helium) of Octapole Reaction System Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (7500 ce. Agilent), equipped with an ASX-510 Auto-sampler (Cetac). Results: All the breast milk specimen collected contained detectable amounts of Cu, Zn, both at levels less than have been previously reported, and Se. For specimen that did not contain Pb the amount of Se ranged from about 110 to 245 ng/g of milk, however, as the amount of Pb increased, the corresponding highest detected amount of Se reduced steeply, resulting in a right-angle triangle-shaped scatter plot. Similar relationships were observed between other toxic metals and micronutrients studied. A curve fitting regression analysis showed significant quadratic and cubic relationships between the amounts of Hg and Se, as well as between Pb, As and Cu. Conclusion: The results clearly suggest a double burden of malnutrition in these mining areas, where high loads of maternal toxic metals in breast milk, related significantly with a progressive reduction in the amounts of the micronutrients Cu and Se in breast milk, potentially reducing in infants’ intake of these micronutrients.
文摘Wheat is one of the most essential foods in the world. To increase its productivity, nutrient management is one of the most important factors. To assess the possible role of micronutrients in improving wheat yield, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the wheat performance by foliar application of micronutrients. Treatments consist of T1 = No spray, T2 = Spraying plants with tube well water (control), T3 = Spraying plants with 1.6 kg FeSO4/100 L water/acre, T4 = Spraying plants with 3 kg ZnSO4 (21%)/100 L water/acre, T5 = Spraying plants with 1 kg MnSO4/100 L water/acre, T6 = Spraying plants with (FeSO4 + MnSO4), T7 = Spraying plants with (FeSO4 + ZnSO4), T8 = Spraying plants with (ZnSO4 + MnSO4), and T9 = Spraying plants with (FeSO4 + ZnSO4 + MnSO4). Results showed that foliar application of micronutrients substantially improved plant height, spike length cm, spikelets/spike, grains/spike, test weight, Tillers m-2, grain and biological as well as harvest index of wheat. Among treatments, foliar application of FeSO4 + ZnSO4 + MnSO4 remained comparatively better regarding yield related attributes of
文摘A field experiment had been conducted during spring season of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 at Regional Research Sub-station of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya,Raghunathpur,Purulia,West Bengal with the objective to study the effect of micronutrient application with different sources of NPK on growth and productivity of finger millet.The experiment was laid out in split plot design with two main plot treatments(sources of NPK,F1:100%recommended dose of NPK(RDF)i.e.,N:P2O5:K2O,40:20:20 kg/ha,F2:75%RDF+2.5 t/ha farmyard manure(FYM))and six subplot treatments(method and dose of micronutrient application,M1:ZnSO4 at a rate 12.5 kg/ha as soil application,M2:ZnSO4 at a rate 0.5%as foliar spray,M3:borax at a rate 10 kg/ha as soil application,M4:borax at a rate 0.5%as foliar spray,M5:ZnSO4 at a rate 12.5 kg/ha+borax at a rate 10 kg/ha as soil application and M6:ZnSO4 at a rate 0.5%+borax at a rate 0.5%as foliar spray)with three replications.The results of the experiment indicated(from pooled data)that there was a significant influence of sources of NPK and application of micronutrients on growth and performance of finger millet.The highest grain yield(2.24 and 2.30 t/ha)was recorded by 2.5 t/ha FYM+75%RDF in combination with ZnSO4 at a rate 0.5%+borax at a rate 0.5%foliar spray.So,organic and inorganic combination of NPK(75%RDF+2.5 t/ha FYM)along with foliar application of both the micronutrients(Zn and B)together can boost up the yield and could be recommended for the cultivation of finger millet crop in red and laterite zone of West Bengal.
文摘Background: The dietary behaviors of physicians and medical students are strongly associated with their nutrition counseling practices. Little research to date describes their dietary intakes and no recent studies have assessed the adequacy of their micronutrient intakes. As micronutrient imbalances are associated with a variety of chronic diseases, public guidelines target increasing dietary nutrient density. The purpose of this study was to identify micronutrient imbalances in the diets of medical students and determine whether intakes are becoming more compliant with dietary guidelines over time. Methods: From 2000 to 2006, 409 second-year Vanderbilt University medical students completed the Block Brief 2000 food frequency questionnaire prior to the required “Introduction to Clinical Nutrition” course. Nutrient data were compared to Dietary Reference Intake values. Results: Dietary intakes of male students were consistently inadequate for vitamin E, vitamin D, calcium, magnesium and potassium across the six cohorts. Despite a significant increase over time in the number of vegetable servings consumed, the intakes of female students revealed the same inadequacies, as well as inadequate folate and iron intakes. Multivitamin and multimineral supplementation, consumed regularly by 51% of students, closed the gap in meeting estimated micronutrient requirements, except vitamin E. Conclusions: These data can be used to inform the content of nutrition interventions for medical students focused on making optimal food selection choices as well as the content of nutrition education in the medical school curriculum. It is important to enhance medical students’ preparedness as fu- ture health care providers—not only to serve as role models for healthy dietary behaviors, but also to better recognize the nutrition needs of their future patients.
文摘Maintenance of genome stability by preventing DNA damage is crucially important for counteracting carcinogenesis and age-associated diseases. The levels of niacin, vitamin E, vitamin B12, folate, β-carotene, retinol, magnesium, calcium, selenium and zinc, which are key micronutrients considered to be important in the prevention of genome damage, were measured in a range of fresh and processed foods available to consumers in the state of Victoria, Australia. Some of the richest dietary sources of the micronutrients, expressed as a percentage of the (Australian) recommended dietary (daily) intake for adults per 100 g of food, were: wheat germ oil (vitamin E, 1400%);oyster (vitamin B12, 2666%);rice bran (niacin, 296% and magnesium, 212%);chicken liver (folate, 354%);beef liver (retinol, 1777%);golden sweet potato (β-carotene);brazil nuts (selenium, 404%);wheat bran (zinc, 575%);skim milk powder (calcium, 116%). The data will be useful for formulating dietary guidelines for micronutrient intake as well as for formulating functional foods enriched in key micronutrients.
