BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are considered the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract.Microvessel density(MVD)constitutes a direct method of vascularity quantification and ha...BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are considered the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract.Microvessel density(MVD)constitutes a direct method of vascularity quantification and has been associated with survival rates in multiple malignancies.AIM To appraise the effect of MVD on the survival of patients with GIST.METHODS This study adhered to Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.Electronic scholar databases and grey literature repositories were systematically screened.The Fixed Effects or Random Effects models were used according to the Cochran Q test.RESULTS In total,6 eligible studies were identified.The pooled hazard ratio(HR)for disease free survival(DFS)was 8.52(95%CI:1.69-42.84,P=0.009).The odds ratios of disease-free survival between high and low MVD groups at 12 and 60 mo did not reach statistical significance.Significant superiority of the low MVD group in terms of DFS was documented at 36 and 120 mo(OR:8.46,P<0.0001 and OR:22.71,P=0.0003,respectively)as well as at metastases rate(OR:0.11,P=0.0003).CONCLUSION MVD significantly correlates with the HR of DFS and overall survival rates at 36 and 120 mo.Further prospective studies of higher methodological quality are required.展开更多
To study the changes in intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), MVD in 42 HCC specimens histologically verified was studied b...To study the changes in intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), MVD in 42 HCC specimens histologically verified was studied by using immunohistochemical method. Of all the specimens, 20 were obtained from the patients treated with surgical resection alone, 22 from those with second stage surgical resection after TACE. The results showed that the MVD in HCC tissues was 53.4±21 9 in the TACE group and 27.6±9.2 in the single operating group, respectively, with the difference being significant between them ( P <0.001). It was suggested that TACE might contribute to angiogenesis of HCC, possibly due to anoxic stress and ischemia reperfusion injury.展开更多
Objective: To study the expression of RUNX3 in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and its correlation with microvessel density(MVD),and investigate the clinical pathological prognostic significance of RUNX3 and MVD in ...Objective: To study the expression of RUNX3 in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and its correlation with microvessel density(MVD),and investigate the clinical pathological prognostic significance of RUNX3 and MVD in patients with colorectal cancer,Methods: The expression value of RUNX3 and MVD in 70 specimens' colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry staining technique,The correlation between their expression and the clinicopathologic features was also investigated,Results: The expression value of RUNX3 and the positive rates of RUNX3 in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues were 3.25±1.14 and 25.71%(18/70),The expression value of MVD in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues was 13.14±3.23,Expression of RUNX3 and MVD value were correlated with CEA,serosal invasion,liver metastasis,lymph node metastasis,and TNM stage(P<0.01),The expression value of RUNX3 had negative correlations with that of MVD,Conclusions: The high expression of RUNX3 could inhibit tumor microvascular generation in order to have negative control response on invasion and distant metastasis.展开更多
Objective The aim of the study was to determine the morphological characteristics of lymphatic microvessels and the relationship between lymphatic microvessel density(LMVD) and clinical and pathological characteristic...Objective The aim of the study was to determine the morphological characteristics of lymphatic microvessels and the relationship between lymphatic microvessel density(LMVD) and clinical and pathological characteristics of invasive breast cancer.Methods Tissue specimens and clinical pathological data of 51 cases of female breast cancer were collected in the General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region(Shenyang, China) from January 2007 to October 2011. Another 20 breast fibroadenoma tissue samples were used as controls. All specimens were cut into 4-μm slices, and immunohistochemically stained using streptomycin-resistant avidin peroxidase antibody D2-40. SPSS 17.0 for Windows was used to perform all analyses.Results A total of 38 breast cancer tissue specimens showed varied staining with monoclonal antibody D2-40. The rate of positive staining was in these tissues was 74.5%(38/51), which is significantly higher than that observed in breast fibroadenoma tissues(chi-square = 35.197, P = 0.000). The average LMVD in 38 cases of breast cancer was(26.46 ± 10.06) microvessels/100× magnification field, which was higher than that in the control group(t = 10.74, P = 0.000). Microvessels in peritumoral tissues were abundant, with an average LMVD of(38.42 ± 11.38) microvessels/100× magnification field. Based on layered analysis, the expression level of peritumoral LMVD was correlated with metastasis of lymph nodes, tumor size, and the expression of C-erb B-2(P < 0.05); however, there was no correlation with age or expression of estrogen receptors or progesterone receptors(P > 0.05).Conclusion Lymphatic microvessels detected using D2-40 antibody are mainly present in the peritumoral region of breast cancer tissues, and LMVD showed a correlation with lymph node metastasis and the expression of C-erb B-2. Positive lymphatic vessels, especially in the peritumoral region, may provide a path for lymphatic metastasis in breast cancer. Peritumoral LMVD may be used to estimate the prognosis of patients with breast cancer and may aid in research on treatment methods.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the expression of endocan in tumour vessels and the relationships between endocan and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and prognosis in gastric cancer.METHODS: This study ...AIM: To investigate the expression of endocan in tumour vessels and the relationships between endocan and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and prognosis in gastric cancer.METHODS: This study included 142 patients with confirmed gastric cancer in a single cancer centre between 2008 and 2009. Clinicopathologic features were determined, and an immunohistochemical analysis of endocan-expressing microvessel density(MVD)(endocan-MVD), VEGF and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(VEGFR2) was performed. Potential relationships between endocan-MVD and clinicopathological variables were assessed using a Student's t-test or an analysis of variance test. Spearman's rank correlation was applied to evaluate the relationship between endocan-MVD and the expression of VEGF/VEGFR2. long-term survival of these patients was analysed using univariate and multivariate analyses.RESULTS: Positive staining of endocan was observed in most of the gastric cancer tissues(108/142) and in fewer of the normal gastric tissues. Endocan-MVD was not associated with gender or histological type(P > 0.05), while endocan-MVD was associated with tumour size,Borrmann type, tumour differentiation, tumour invasion, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage(P < 0.05). According to the Spearman's rank correlation analysis, endocan-MVD had a positive correlation with VEGF(r = 0.167, P = 0.047) and VEGFR2(r = 0.410, P = 0.000). The univariate analysis with a log-rank test indicated that the patients with a high level of endocan-MVD had a significantly poorer overall survival rate than those with a low level of endocan-MVD(17.9% vs 64.0%, P = 0.000). The multivariate analysis showed that a high level of endocan-MVD was a valuable prognostic factor.CONCLUSION: Endocan-MVD significantly correlates with the expression of VEGF and VEGFR2 and is a valuable prognostic factor for survival in human gastric cancer.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Ischemic recurrent stricture after surgical repair for iatrogenic bile duct injury(BDI)remains a challenge in clinical practice.The present study was designed to investigate whether ischemia is universal an...BACKGROUND:Ischemic recurrent stricture after surgical repair for iatrogenic bile duct injury(BDI)remains a challenge in clinical practice.The present study was designed to investigate whether ischemia is universal and of varied severity at different levels of the proximal bile duct after BDI. METHODS:A total of 30 beagle dogs were randomly divided into control,BDI,and BDI-repaired groups.The BDI animal model was established based on the classic pattern of laparoscopic cholecystectomy-related BDI.The animals were sacrificed on postoperative day 15,and bile duct tissue was harvested to assess microvessel density(MVD)at selected levels of the normal,post-BDI and BDI-repaired bile duct with the CD34 immunohistochemistry technique. RESULTS:In the control group,MVD at level H(high level) was remarkably higher than that at level L(low level).No significant difference was found between MVDs at levels H and M(middle level),as well as at levels M and L.However, the tendency was noted that the closer the level to the hilus, the greater the MVD at that level.In both the BDI and BDI-repaired groups,MVDs at level H were generally greater than those at level L,despite the unremarkable differences between MVDs at neighboring levels.In these two groups,a similar tendency of MVD distribution to that in the control group was found;the closer the level to the injury site,the lower was the MVD at that level.Moreover,compared with the MDVs at the levels M and L in the control group,MVDs at the corresponding levels in the BDI and BDI-repaired groups were all remarkably reduced(P<0.05).In addition,MVDs at all three levels in the BDI group significantly declined further after BDI repair.CONCLUSIONS:After BDI,universal ischemic damage in the injured proximal bile duct develops close to the injury site, while close to the hilus,ischemia is relatively slight.High hepaticojejunostomy,rather than low biloenterostomy or end-to-end duct anastomosis,should be recommended for BDI repair.Great care should be taken to protect the peribiliary plexus during repair.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the distribution pattern of lymphatic vessels and microvessels in sporadic colorectal carcinoma (SCRC) and their relationship to metastasis and prognosis. METHODS: The lymphatic vessel density (LVD...AIM: To investigate the distribution pattern of lymphatic vessels and microvessels in sporadic colorectal carcinoma (SCRC) and their relationship to metastasis and prognosis. METHODS: The lymphatic vessel density (LVD) and microvessel density (MVD) in tumor tissue obtained from 132 patients with primary SCRC, including 74 with metastases and 58 without metastases, were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using antibodies directed against D2-40 and von Willebrand factor (vWF).RESULTS: (1) The lymphatic vessels and microvessels at central portions of SCRC often had a reticular architecture with numerous tiny and ill-defined lumina, while those at tumor borders had large and open lumina. The LVD and MVD were both obviously higher in colorectal cancer patients with metastases than in those without (P < 0.001). (2) For each one lymphatic vessel increased, there was a 1.45-fold increase in the risk of metastasis in SCRC. The specificity and sensitivity of LVD in predicting metastasis or non-metastasis in SCRC were 71.62% and 56.90%, respectively, and the corresponding LVD was 5. For each one microvessel increased, there was a 1.11-fold increase in the risk of metastasis in SCRC. The specificity and sensitivity of MVD were 66.22% and 51.72%, respectively. (3) Double labeling immunohistochemistry showed D2-40 immunoreactivity to be specific for lymphatic vessels. (4) Univariate analysis indicated that high LVD, high MVD, as well as co-accounting of high LVD and high MVD were associated with patient's poor disease-free survival (Puni < 0.05); multivariate analysis indicated that co-accounting of LVD and MVD was an independent prognostic factor of colorectal cancer. CONCLUSION: D2-40 is a new specific antibody for lymphatic endothelial cells. Lymphogenesis and angiogenesis are commonly seen in SCRC, especially at tumor borders. The detection of LVD and MVD at tumor borders may be useful in predicting metastasis and prognosis in patients with SCRC, and, in particular, co-accounting of LVD and MVD might be a useful prognostic factor in SCRC.展开更多
AIM: To investigate whether microvessel density (MVD) is related with prognosis in gastric cancer patients, and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vessel endothelial growth factor (VEGF) so as to determine...AIM: To investigate whether microvessel density (MVD) is related with prognosis in gastric cancer patients, and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vessel endothelial growth factor (VEGF) so as to determine the possible role of COX-2 and VEGF in gastric cancer angiogenesis.METHODS: Forty-seven formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples of gastric cancer were evaluated for COX-2, VEGF by immunohitochemical staining. To assess tumor angiogenesis, MVD was determined by immunohitochemical staining of endothelial protein factor Ⅷ-related antigen. The relationship among COX-2 and VEGF expression, MVD, and clinicopathologic parameters was analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 67 samples, high MVD was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and poor survival. Multivariate survival analysis showed that MVD value and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors. The expression rate of COX-2 and VEGF was significantly higher than that of the adjacent tissues. COX-2 and VEGF expression in gastric cancer was significantly correlated with tumor differentiation and depth of invasion, but not with survival. The mean MVD value of COX-2 or VEGF positive tumors was higher than that of COX-2 or VEGF negative tumors. A significant correlation was found between the expressions of COX-2and VEGF. CONCLUSION: MVD may be one of the important prognostic factors for gastric cancer patients. COX-2 and VEGF may play an important role in tumor progression by stimulating angiogenesis. VEGF might play a main role in the COX-2 angiogenic pathway. The inhibition of angiogenesis or COX-2, VEGF activity may have an important therapeutic benefit in the control of gastric cancer.展开更多
Objective: To clarify the effect of intraarterial chemotherapy on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expres- sion and microvessel density (MVD) count in carcinoma of the cervix. Methods: Before intraarterial ch...Objective: To clarify the effect of intraarterial chemotherapy on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expres- sion and microvessel density (MVD) count in carcinoma of the cervix. Methods: Before intraarterial chemotherapy and after 2–3 weeks of therapy, the expression of VEGF and MVD count in 36 carcinoma tissues of locally advanced cervical cancer were determined by CD34. Results: Before intraarterial chemotherapy and after 2–3 weeks, the expression of VEGF were 75% (27/36) and 30.6% (11/36) respectively, and MVD were reduced obviously (P<0.001). Conclusion:?The intraarterial chemotherapy can reduce the expression of VEGF and MVD, and adjust malignancy of cervical cancer, and cut down the postoperative metastasis.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the clinical diagnostic value of peripheral lung cancer using multi-slice CT (MSCT) perfu- sion imaging and the relationship with microvessel density (MVD). Methods: 38 patients with pulmonar...Objective: To investigate the clinical diagnostic value of peripheral lung cancer using multi-slice CT (MSCT) perfu- sion imaging and the relationship with microvessel density (MVD). Methods: 38 patients with pulmonary masses proved by pathology including 25 cases of peripheral lung cancer and 13 cases of benign masses were studied prospectively with GE Lightspeed Qx/I plus 16-slice helical CT perfusion imaging, and 25 patients with lung cancer were comparative studied with its MVD calculated using LSAB. With the CT perfusion 2-body tumor software, the parameters of CT perfusion including blood value (BV), blood flow (BF), mean transit time (MTT) and permeability surface (PS) were analyzed. Results: The four param- eter values in lung cancer were all higher than that in pulmonary benign masses, and there were significant differences among BV, MTT and PS (P<0.05), especially in BV (P<0.01). The MVD value of lung cancer was higher than that of pulmonary benign masses (P<0.05), and the MVD of adenocarcinoma was higher than that of squamous cell carcinoma (P<0.05). In 25 cases with lung cancer, there was positive correlation only between BV and MVD value (r=0.852, P<0.01). Conclusion: It is helpful to diagnose the peripheral lung cancer with MSCT perfusion imaging and to differentiate from pulmonary benign masses, its bases are MVD pathologically.展开更多
To investigate the effects of rennin angiotensin system blockade on the microvessel density in islets of diabetic rats and its relationship with islet function, diabetes model was created by feeding of high-caloric la...To investigate the effects of rennin angiotensin system blockade on the microvessel density in islets of diabetic rats and its relationship with islet function, diabetes model was created by feeding of high-caloric laboratory chow plus intraperitoneal injection of a small dose of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg). After 8 weeks intervention with perindopril (AE, n=10) or valsartan (AR, n=10), the islet function of the animals was evaluated by intravenous insulin release test (IVIRT). The pancreases were immunohistochemically stained to analyze the content of insulin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the islets. The microvessel density (MVD) of islets was detected by counting CD34 positive cells. The hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α mRNA expression in the islets was detected by RT-PCR. Compared with normal control group (NC, n=10), the area under the curve for insulin from 0 to 30 min (AUCI0-30) of diabetes group (DM, n=8) was decreased by 66.3%; the insulin relative concentration (IRC) of βcell was decreased significantly; the relative content of VEGF was increased obviously [(–4.21±0.13) vs (–4.06±0.29)]; MVD in islets was decreased by 71.4%; the relative expression of HIF-1α mRNA was increased by 1.19 times (all P<0.01). Compared with DM group, the AUCI0-30 of AE and AR group was increased by 44.6% and 34.9% respectively; IRC was also increased significantly; the relative content of VEGF was decreased by 21.2% and 21.7% respectively; MVD was increased by 62.5% and 75.0% respectively; the relative expression of HIF-1α was decreased by 27.2% and 29.0% respectively (all P<0.01 or P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the said indexes between group AE and AR. It is concluded that the blockade of RAS may ameliorate islets function of diabetic rats by increasing the MVD in islets.展开更多
Objective:To detect the reliability of near-infrared parameters of blood oxygen of mammary gland phyma from the microvessel density of tumor.Methods:181 cases of mammary gland phyma who had accepted the examination of...Objective:To detect the reliability of near-infrared parameters of blood oxygen of mammary gland phyma from the microvessel density of tumor.Methods:181 cases of mammary gland phyma who had accepted the examination of the near-infrared TBO-I dual-wave length mammary gland phyma detector were classified by near-infrared parameters of blood oxygen,and were performed the pathologic examination to ascertain whether the tumor was benign or malignant.Among these cases,intratumoral microvessel density of 20 cases of malignant phyma and 20 cases of benign phyma were confirmed by S-P immunohistochemical method,then the relationship between near-infrared parameters and microvessel density were analyzed by medical statistics.Results:(1)The microvessel density and blood concentration of 28 cases of the"high blood" tumor were 24.56±8.110 and 1.891±0.850 respectively.The microvessel density and blood concentration of 12 cases of the"low blood"tumor were 17.98±8.729 and 0.698±0.283 respectively.There was significant difference between the"high blood"and"low blood"tumors(P<0.05).(2)The intratumoral microvessel density and blood concentration were linearly correlated respectively,and the linear correlation coefficient r=0.4208(P<0.05)in 40 cases of mammary gland phyma. Conclusion:The intratumoral microvessel density and blood concentration of benign or malignant mammary gland phyma were linearly correlated.Blood concentration(one of near-infrared parameters)is reliable to be used as diagnosis criterion of malignant mammary gland phyma.展开更多
Objective: To investigate microvessel density (MVD) and expression of Survivin in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to explore their correlations to clinicopathologic features of NSCLC. Methods: 66 specimens of ...Objective: To investigate microvessel density (MVD) and expression of Survivin in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to explore their correlations to clinicopathologic features of NSCLC. Methods: 66 specimens of tumor adjacent tissues, and 20 specimens of benign lesions were detected by SP immunohistochemistry; their interrelations and correlations to clinicopathologic features of NSCLC were analyzed. Results: Positive rate of Survivin in NSCLC was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues and benign lesions (54.5% vs. 30 %, P < 0.05), its positive rate was 63.6% in lung adenocarcinoma tissues, and its positive rate was 54.5% in lung SCC, there was no significant difference between them. Its expressions were respectively 41.2%, 87.5% in well-differentiated and poorly differentiated lung SCC; its expressions were respectively 47.1%, 81.2% in well-differentiated and poorly differentiated lung adenocarcinoma; the discrepancy had statistical significance. Its expression was 74.1% in lymphatic metastasis group, which was obviously higher than that in no lymphatic metastasis group, which was 48.7%. The rate of MVD in Survivin positive group was obviously higher than that of Survivin negative group. Conclusion: The expression of Survivin is connected with the degree of differentiation on lung cancer and lymphatic metastasis, which indicates Survivin can be as an index for the judgment of condition and the evaluation of prognosis, the expression of Survivin is direct correlation with that of MVD. It is evident that Survivin functions the promotion of tumor angiogenesis.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the clinical-pathological significance of intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) andVascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) expression inprimary liver cancer (PLC). Methods: A retrospectivestu...Objective: To evaluate the clinical-pathological significance of intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) andVascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) expression inprimary liver cancer (PLC). Methods: A retrospectivestudy from 63 postoperative patients all with small PLC(diameter≤5 cm) was done. One group of 29 patientsdeveloped recurrence or metastasis within 2 years. Theother group of 34 patients had no evidence of recurrence ormethetheis within 2 years. Three sections were tuken fromeach patient. One for H.E. stoining, the other two for VEGFand Bio-UEA-I immunohistochemical staining respectively.MVD was counted by endothelial cells, which werehighlighted by Bio-UEA-I. Results: The MVD of therecurrence (or metastasis) group (49.6±29.7) weresignificantly greater than the other group (22.7±28.2)(P<0.01); The WGF positive rate of the recurrence groupwas 86.2% (25/29), the rate of the other group was 47.1%(16/34). The difference between the 2 groups wasstafistically significant (P<0.01). The stuge of the tumor, thepositive rate of satellite nodules and the positive rate of theportal vein embolus were all significantly different betweenthe 2 groups. Conclusion: Besides tumor stage, satellitenodule and portal vein embolus, the MVD and VEGF areaiso of prognostic significance.展开更多
BACKGROUND Microvessel density(MVD)has been proposed as a direct quantification method of tumor neovascularization.However,the current literature regarding the role of MVD in differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC)remai...BACKGROUND Microvessel density(MVD)has been proposed as a direct quantification method of tumor neovascularization.However,the current literature regarding the role of MVD in differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC)remains inconclusive.AIM To appraise the effect of tumoral MVD on the survival of patients with DTC.METHODS This meta-analysis was based on the PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.The electronic databases Medline,Web of Science,and Scopus were systematically screened.A fixedeffects or random-effects model was used,according to the Cochran Q test.The data were then extracted and assessed on the basis of the Reference Citation Analysis(https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com/).RESULTS A total of nine studies were included in the present study.Superiority of low MVD tumors in terms of 10-year disease free survival(OR:0.21,95%CI:0.08–0.53)was recorded.Lowly vascularized thyroid cancers had a lower recurrence rate(OR:13.66,95%CI:3.03–61.48).Moreover,relapsing tumors[weighed mean difference(WMD):11.92,95%CI:6.32–17.52]or malignancies with regional lymph node involvement(WMD:8.53,95%CI:0.04–17.02)presented with higher tumoral MVD values.CONCLUSION MVD significantly correlates with the survival outcomes of thyroid cancer patients.However,considering several study limitations,further prospective studies of higher methodological and quality level are required.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To observe the expression of thrombospondin-1 ( TSP-1) in prostate cancer, and examine its expression in relation to angiogenesis. METHODS The expression of TSP-1 and microvessel density (MVD) were studied i...OBJECTIVE To observe the expression of thrombospondin-1 ( TSP-1) in prostate cancer, and examine its expression in relation to angiogenesis. METHODS The expression of TSP-1 and microvessel density (MVD) were studied in 22 prostate cancer patients by using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Positive expression of the TSP-1 protein was detected in 16 (72.7%)of the 22 cases. Most of the positive staining for TSP-1 was seen in the cytoplasm of the cancer cells, but some was in the extracellular matrix. The mean MVD in the 22 prostate cancer cases was 71.21±31.14 vessels per 100 high field of vision. Tumors with an elevated expression of TSP-1 showed a high MVD resulting in a correlation between TSP-1 immunopositivity and microvessel density that was highly significant (r= 0.54, P=0.009). CONCLUSION TSP-1 is strongly expressed in most prostate cancers and is associated with neovascularization. Therefore TSP-1 is a likely contributor to the extensive neovascularization in prostate cancer and increased TSP-1 expression might participate in an angiogenic phenotype.展开更多
Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and CD105-microvessel density(MVD) in invasive breast carcinomas. We also aimed to analyze the relations...Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and CD105-microvessel density(MVD) in invasive breast carcinomas. We also aimed to analyze the relationship between VEGF and MVD expression with other standard prognostic parameters associated with invasive breast cancer, such as size, grade, stage of the cancer, metastases, and tumor recurrence. Methods Immunohistochemistry via the Ultra Sensitive TM S-P method was used to detect VEGF and MVD expression in 128 cases of invasive breast carcinoma. Specimens were evaluated for CD105 expression. Positively stained microvessels were counted in dense vascular foci under 400× magnification. MVD in the peripheral area adjacent to the lesion and in the central area within the lesion in invasive breast carcinomas and benign leisions groups were also assessed. Fifty cases of benign breast disease tissue were selected as the control group.Results Results showed that 64.1% of invasive breast cancer samples were VEGF-positive, higher than in benign breast disease tissue(22.0%, P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between VEGF overexpression and histological grade, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis of invasive breast cancer. VEGF expression was not related to age or size of the tumor(P > 0.05). MVD of the peripheral area adjacent to the lesion was significantly higher than those central area within the lesion in both invasive breast cancer and benign breast disease groups(P < 0.01 for each group). There were significant differences in the mean CD105-MVD, between invasive breast tumors with a histological grade of I or II and grade III; between tumors with lymph node or distant metastasis; and between patients with or without recurrence(P < 0.05). However, there was no difference in the mean MVD between the two age groups(≤ 50 years vs. > 50 years) or the two tumor diameter groups(≤ 2 cm vs. > 2 cm), P > 0.05.Conclusion Overexpression of VEGF and MVD may be important biological markers for invasion and lymph node and distant metastases of invasive breast cancer. Combined detection of the two tumor markers could provide better prognostic monitoring for disease recurrence and metastasis, as well as aid with clinical staging of breast tumors. Prediction of the risk for metastasis and recurrence, as well as recurrence patterns based on VEGF and MVD post-surgery, could aid design of better follow-up regimens and appropriate treatment strategies for breast cancer patients.展开更多
Objective To investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and microvessel density (MVD) in benign and malignant pheochromocytomas, and the relationship between Cox-2 and MVD. Methods Specimens and clinical d...Objective To investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and microvessel density (MVD) in benign and malignant pheochromocytomas, and the relationship between Cox-2 and MVD. Methods Specimens and clinical data from 38 patients (21 benign and 17 malignant pheochromocytomas) were studied. Slides of normal adrenal glands in nephrectomy specimens from another 20 patients with benign renal tumors were used as control. Immunohistochemical technology was performed to detect the Cox-2 and MVD in all specimens. Results Expression of Cox-2 was observed in 5 of the 21 benign pheochromocytomas (23.8%), and in 14 of the 17 malignant (82.4%). No expression of Cox-2 was observed in control slides. There were significant differences of Cox-2 expression between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas, as well as between malignant pheochromocytomas and control (P<0.05). Expressions of MVD were 36.41±13.00, 21.43±8.05, and 13.36±4.34 in malignant, benign pheochromocytomas, and in control, respectively. Conclusion Cox-2 may contribute to the invasive characteristics of malignant pheochromocytomas and be used as a marker to distinguish malignant from benign pheochromocytomas. Expression of MVD in malignant pheochromocytomas was directly correlated with Cox-2.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are considered the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract.Microvessel density(MVD)constitutes a direct method of vascularity quantification and has been associated with survival rates in multiple malignancies.AIM To appraise the effect of MVD on the survival of patients with GIST.METHODS This study adhered to Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.Electronic scholar databases and grey literature repositories were systematically screened.The Fixed Effects or Random Effects models were used according to the Cochran Q test.RESULTS In total,6 eligible studies were identified.The pooled hazard ratio(HR)for disease free survival(DFS)was 8.52(95%CI:1.69-42.84,P=0.009).The odds ratios of disease-free survival between high and low MVD groups at 12 and 60 mo did not reach statistical significance.Significant superiority of the low MVD group in terms of DFS was documented at 36 and 120 mo(OR:8.46,P<0.0001 and OR:22.71,P=0.0003,respectively)as well as at metastases rate(OR:0.11,P=0.0003).CONCLUSION MVD significantly correlates with the HR of DFS and overall survival rates at 36 and 120 mo.Further prospective studies of higher methodological quality are required.
文摘To study the changes in intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), MVD in 42 HCC specimens histologically verified was studied by using immunohistochemical method. Of all the specimens, 20 were obtained from the patients treated with surgical resection alone, 22 from those with second stage surgical resection after TACE. The results showed that the MVD in HCC tissues was 53.4±21 9 in the TACE group and 27.6±9.2 in the single operating group, respectively, with the difference being significant between them ( P <0.001). It was suggested that TACE might contribute to angiogenesis of HCC, possibly due to anoxic stress and ischemia reperfusion injury.
基金supported by 2015 Support Project of Science and Technology(152777237)by 2015 Medical Research Project of Health Commission(20150058)by 2013 Mandatory Planning Project of Scientific and Technological Bureau of Zhangjiakou City(1311055D-1)
文摘Objective: To study the expression of RUNX3 in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and its correlation with microvessel density(MVD),and investigate the clinical pathological prognostic significance of RUNX3 and MVD in patients with colorectal cancer,Methods: The expression value of RUNX3 and MVD in 70 specimens' colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry staining technique,The correlation between their expression and the clinicopathologic features was also investigated,Results: The expression value of RUNX3 and the positive rates of RUNX3 in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues were 3.25±1.14 and 25.71%(18/70),The expression value of MVD in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues was 13.14±3.23,Expression of RUNX3 and MVD value were correlated with CEA,serosal invasion,liver metastasis,lymph node metastasis,and TNM stage(P<0.01),The expression value of RUNX3 had negative correlations with that of MVD,Conclusions: The high expression of RUNX3 could inhibit tumor microvascular generation in order to have negative control response on invasion and distant metastasis.
文摘Objective The aim of the study was to determine the morphological characteristics of lymphatic microvessels and the relationship between lymphatic microvessel density(LMVD) and clinical and pathological characteristics of invasive breast cancer.Methods Tissue specimens and clinical pathological data of 51 cases of female breast cancer were collected in the General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region(Shenyang, China) from January 2007 to October 2011. Another 20 breast fibroadenoma tissue samples were used as controls. All specimens were cut into 4-μm slices, and immunohistochemically stained using streptomycin-resistant avidin peroxidase antibody D2-40. SPSS 17.0 for Windows was used to perform all analyses.Results A total of 38 breast cancer tissue specimens showed varied staining with monoclonal antibody D2-40. The rate of positive staining was in these tissues was 74.5%(38/51), which is significantly higher than that observed in breast fibroadenoma tissues(chi-square = 35.197, P = 0.000). The average LMVD in 38 cases of breast cancer was(26.46 ± 10.06) microvessels/100× magnification field, which was higher than that in the control group(t = 10.74, P = 0.000). Microvessels in peritumoral tissues were abundant, with an average LMVD of(38.42 ± 11.38) microvessels/100× magnification field. Based on layered analysis, the expression level of peritumoral LMVD was correlated with metastasis of lymph nodes, tumor size, and the expression of C-erb B-2(P < 0.05); however, there was no correlation with age or expression of estrogen receptors or progesterone receptors(P > 0.05).Conclusion Lymphatic microvessels detected using D2-40 antibody are mainly present in the peritumoral region of breast cancer tissues, and LMVD showed a correlation with lymph node metastasis and the expression of C-erb B-2. Positive lymphatic vessels, especially in the peritumoral region, may provide a path for lymphatic metastasis in breast cancer. Peritumoral LMVD may be used to estimate the prognosis of patients with breast cancer and may aid in research on treatment methods.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNo.81302123
文摘AIM: To investigate the expression of endocan in tumour vessels and the relationships between endocan and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and prognosis in gastric cancer.METHODS: This study included 142 patients with confirmed gastric cancer in a single cancer centre between 2008 and 2009. Clinicopathologic features were determined, and an immunohistochemical analysis of endocan-expressing microvessel density(MVD)(endocan-MVD), VEGF and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(VEGFR2) was performed. Potential relationships between endocan-MVD and clinicopathological variables were assessed using a Student's t-test or an analysis of variance test. Spearman's rank correlation was applied to evaluate the relationship between endocan-MVD and the expression of VEGF/VEGFR2. long-term survival of these patients was analysed using univariate and multivariate analyses.RESULTS: Positive staining of endocan was observed in most of the gastric cancer tissues(108/142) and in fewer of the normal gastric tissues. Endocan-MVD was not associated with gender or histological type(P > 0.05), while endocan-MVD was associated with tumour size,Borrmann type, tumour differentiation, tumour invasion, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage(P < 0.05). According to the Spearman's rank correlation analysis, endocan-MVD had a positive correlation with VEGF(r = 0.167, P = 0.047) and VEGFR2(r = 0.410, P = 0.000). The univariate analysis with a log-rank test indicated that the patients with a high level of endocan-MVD had a significantly poorer overall survival rate than those with a low level of endocan-MVD(17.9% vs 64.0%, P = 0.000). The multivariate analysis showed that a high level of endocan-MVD was a valuable prognostic factor.CONCLUSION: Endocan-MVD significantly correlates with the expression of VEGF and VEGFR2 and is a valuable prognostic factor for survival in human gastric cancer.
基金supported by a grant from the Eleventh Five-year Program for Medical Research of the PLA(06MB199)
文摘BACKGROUND:Ischemic recurrent stricture after surgical repair for iatrogenic bile duct injury(BDI)remains a challenge in clinical practice.The present study was designed to investigate whether ischemia is universal and of varied severity at different levels of the proximal bile duct after BDI. METHODS:A total of 30 beagle dogs were randomly divided into control,BDI,and BDI-repaired groups.The BDI animal model was established based on the classic pattern of laparoscopic cholecystectomy-related BDI.The animals were sacrificed on postoperative day 15,and bile duct tissue was harvested to assess microvessel density(MVD)at selected levels of the normal,post-BDI and BDI-repaired bile duct with the CD34 immunohistochemistry technique. RESULTS:In the control group,MVD at level H(high level) was remarkably higher than that at level L(low level).No significant difference was found between MVDs at levels H and M(middle level),as well as at levels M and L.However, the tendency was noted that the closer the level to the hilus, the greater the MVD at that level.In both the BDI and BDI-repaired groups,MVDs at level H were generally greater than those at level L,despite the unremarkable differences between MVDs at neighboring levels.In these two groups,a similar tendency of MVD distribution to that in the control group was found;the closer the level to the injury site,the lower was the MVD at that level.Moreover,compared with the MDVs at the levels M and L in the control group,MVDs at the corresponding levels in the BDI and BDI-repaired groups were all remarkably reduced(P<0.05).In addition,MVDs at all three levels in the BDI group significantly declined further after BDI repair.CONCLUSIONS:After BDI,universal ischemic damage in the injured proximal bile duct develops close to the injury site, while close to the hilus,ischemia is relatively slight.High hepaticojejunostomy,rather than low biloenterostomy or end-to-end duct anastomosis,should be recommended for BDI repair.Great care should be taken to protect the peribiliary plexus during repair.
基金Supported by the a grant from the Sciences and Techni-que Development Foundation of Shanghai, No. 064119512, 024119010
文摘AIM: To investigate the distribution pattern of lymphatic vessels and microvessels in sporadic colorectal carcinoma (SCRC) and their relationship to metastasis and prognosis. METHODS: The lymphatic vessel density (LVD) and microvessel density (MVD) in tumor tissue obtained from 132 patients with primary SCRC, including 74 with metastases and 58 without metastases, were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using antibodies directed against D2-40 and von Willebrand factor (vWF).RESULTS: (1) The lymphatic vessels and microvessels at central portions of SCRC often had a reticular architecture with numerous tiny and ill-defined lumina, while those at tumor borders had large and open lumina. The LVD and MVD were both obviously higher in colorectal cancer patients with metastases than in those without (P < 0.001). (2) For each one lymphatic vessel increased, there was a 1.45-fold increase in the risk of metastasis in SCRC. The specificity and sensitivity of LVD in predicting metastasis or non-metastasis in SCRC were 71.62% and 56.90%, respectively, and the corresponding LVD was 5. For each one microvessel increased, there was a 1.11-fold increase in the risk of metastasis in SCRC. The specificity and sensitivity of MVD were 66.22% and 51.72%, respectively. (3) Double labeling immunohistochemistry showed D2-40 immunoreactivity to be specific for lymphatic vessels. (4) Univariate analysis indicated that high LVD, high MVD, as well as co-accounting of high LVD and high MVD were associated with patient's poor disease-free survival (Puni < 0.05); multivariate analysis indicated that co-accounting of LVD and MVD was an independent prognostic factor of colorectal cancer. CONCLUSION: D2-40 is a new specific antibody for lymphatic endothelial cells. Lymphogenesis and angiogenesis are commonly seen in SCRC, especially at tumor borders. The detection of LVD and MVD at tumor borders may be useful in predicting metastasis and prognosis in patients with SCRC, and, in particular, co-accounting of LVD and MVD might be a useful prognostic factor in SCRC.
基金Supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program (973 Program) of China (No. 2003CB515507) and Science and Technology Fund by Department of Education of Anhui Province
文摘AIM: To investigate whether microvessel density (MVD) is related with prognosis in gastric cancer patients, and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vessel endothelial growth factor (VEGF) so as to determine the possible role of COX-2 and VEGF in gastric cancer angiogenesis.METHODS: Forty-seven formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples of gastric cancer were evaluated for COX-2, VEGF by immunohitochemical staining. To assess tumor angiogenesis, MVD was determined by immunohitochemical staining of endothelial protein factor Ⅷ-related antigen. The relationship among COX-2 and VEGF expression, MVD, and clinicopathologic parameters was analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 67 samples, high MVD was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and poor survival. Multivariate survival analysis showed that MVD value and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors. The expression rate of COX-2 and VEGF was significantly higher than that of the adjacent tissues. COX-2 and VEGF expression in gastric cancer was significantly correlated with tumor differentiation and depth of invasion, but not with survival. The mean MVD value of COX-2 or VEGF positive tumors was higher than that of COX-2 or VEGF negative tumors. A significant correlation was found between the expressions of COX-2and VEGF. CONCLUSION: MVD may be one of the important prognostic factors for gastric cancer patients. COX-2 and VEGF may play an important role in tumor progression by stimulating angiogenesis. VEGF might play a main role in the COX-2 angiogenic pathway. The inhibition of angiogenesis or COX-2, VEGF activity may have an important therapeutic benefit in the control of gastric cancer.
文摘Objective: To clarify the effect of intraarterial chemotherapy on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expres- sion and microvessel density (MVD) count in carcinoma of the cervix. Methods: Before intraarterial chemotherapy and after 2–3 weeks of therapy, the expression of VEGF and MVD count in 36 carcinoma tissues of locally advanced cervical cancer were determined by CD34. Results: Before intraarterial chemotherapy and after 2–3 weeks, the expression of VEGF were 75% (27/36) and 30.6% (11/36) respectively, and MVD were reduced obviously (P<0.001). Conclusion:?The intraarterial chemotherapy can reduce the expression of VEGF and MVD, and adjust malignancy of cervical cancer, and cut down the postoperative metastasis.
基金Supported by a grant from the Scientific Research Foundation of the Educational Department of Liaoning province (No. 20272277).
文摘Objective: To investigate the clinical diagnostic value of peripheral lung cancer using multi-slice CT (MSCT) perfu- sion imaging and the relationship with microvessel density (MVD). Methods: 38 patients with pulmonary masses proved by pathology including 25 cases of peripheral lung cancer and 13 cases of benign masses were studied prospectively with GE Lightspeed Qx/I plus 16-slice helical CT perfusion imaging, and 25 patients with lung cancer were comparative studied with its MVD calculated using LSAB. With the CT perfusion 2-body tumor software, the parameters of CT perfusion including blood value (BV), blood flow (BF), mean transit time (MTT) and permeability surface (PS) were analyzed. Results: The four param- eter values in lung cancer were all higher than that in pulmonary benign masses, and there were significant differences among BV, MTT and PS (P<0.05), especially in BV (P<0.01). The MVD value of lung cancer was higher than that of pulmonary benign masses (P<0.05), and the MVD of adenocarcinoma was higher than that of squamous cell carcinoma (P<0.05). In 25 cases with lung cancer, there was positive correlation only between BV and MVD value (r=0.852, P<0.01). Conclusion: It is helpful to diagnose the peripheral lung cancer with MSCT perfusion imaging and to differentiate from pulmonary benign masses, its bases are MVD pathologically.
基金supported by a grant from the Provincial Natural Sciences Foundation of Hubei, China (No 2005ABA158)
文摘To investigate the effects of rennin angiotensin system blockade on the microvessel density in islets of diabetic rats and its relationship with islet function, diabetes model was created by feeding of high-caloric laboratory chow plus intraperitoneal injection of a small dose of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg). After 8 weeks intervention with perindopril (AE, n=10) or valsartan (AR, n=10), the islet function of the animals was evaluated by intravenous insulin release test (IVIRT). The pancreases were immunohistochemically stained to analyze the content of insulin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the islets. The microvessel density (MVD) of islets was detected by counting CD34 positive cells. The hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α mRNA expression in the islets was detected by RT-PCR. Compared with normal control group (NC, n=10), the area under the curve for insulin from 0 to 30 min (AUCI0-30) of diabetes group (DM, n=8) was decreased by 66.3%; the insulin relative concentration (IRC) of βcell was decreased significantly; the relative content of VEGF was increased obviously [(–4.21±0.13) vs (–4.06±0.29)]; MVD in islets was decreased by 71.4%; the relative expression of HIF-1α mRNA was increased by 1.19 times (all P<0.01). Compared with DM group, the AUCI0-30 of AE and AR group was increased by 44.6% and 34.9% respectively; IRC was also increased significantly; the relative content of VEGF was decreased by 21.2% and 21.7% respectively; MVD was increased by 62.5% and 75.0% respectively; the relative expression of HIF-1α was decreased by 27.2% and 29.0% respectively (all P<0.01 or P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the said indexes between group AE and AR. It is concluded that the blockade of RAS may ameliorate islets function of diabetic rats by increasing the MVD in islets.
文摘Objective:To detect the reliability of near-infrared parameters of blood oxygen of mammary gland phyma from the microvessel density of tumor.Methods:181 cases of mammary gland phyma who had accepted the examination of the near-infrared TBO-I dual-wave length mammary gland phyma detector were classified by near-infrared parameters of blood oxygen,and were performed the pathologic examination to ascertain whether the tumor was benign or malignant.Among these cases,intratumoral microvessel density of 20 cases of malignant phyma and 20 cases of benign phyma were confirmed by S-P immunohistochemical method,then the relationship between near-infrared parameters and microvessel density were analyzed by medical statistics.Results:(1)The microvessel density and blood concentration of 28 cases of the"high blood" tumor were 24.56±8.110 and 1.891±0.850 respectively.The microvessel density and blood concentration of 12 cases of the"low blood"tumor were 17.98±8.729 and 0.698±0.283 respectively.There was significant difference between the"high blood"and"low blood"tumors(P<0.05).(2)The intratumoral microvessel density and blood concentration were linearly correlated respectively,and the linear correlation coefficient r=0.4208(P<0.05)in 40 cases of mammary gland phyma. Conclusion:The intratumoral microvessel density and blood concentration of benign or malignant mammary gland phyma were linearly correlated.Blood concentration(one of near-infrared parameters)is reliable to be used as diagnosis criterion of malignant mammary gland phyma.
基金a grant from the Liaoning Provincial Department of Science & Technology (No. 2007225005-13).
文摘Objective: To investigate microvessel density (MVD) and expression of Survivin in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to explore their correlations to clinicopathologic features of NSCLC. Methods: 66 specimens of tumor adjacent tissues, and 20 specimens of benign lesions were detected by SP immunohistochemistry; their interrelations and correlations to clinicopathologic features of NSCLC were analyzed. Results: Positive rate of Survivin in NSCLC was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues and benign lesions (54.5% vs. 30 %, P < 0.05), its positive rate was 63.6% in lung adenocarcinoma tissues, and its positive rate was 54.5% in lung SCC, there was no significant difference between them. Its expressions were respectively 41.2%, 87.5% in well-differentiated and poorly differentiated lung SCC; its expressions were respectively 47.1%, 81.2% in well-differentiated and poorly differentiated lung adenocarcinoma; the discrepancy had statistical significance. Its expression was 74.1% in lymphatic metastasis group, which was obviously higher than that in no lymphatic metastasis group, which was 48.7%. The rate of MVD in Survivin positive group was obviously higher than that of Survivin negative group. Conclusion: The expression of Survivin is connected with the degree of differentiation on lung cancer and lymphatic metastasis, which indicates Survivin can be as an index for the judgment of condition and the evaluation of prognosis, the expression of Survivin is direct correlation with that of MVD. It is evident that Survivin functions the promotion of tumor angiogenesis.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the clinical-pathological significance of intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) andVascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) expression inprimary liver cancer (PLC). Methods: A retrospectivestudy from 63 postoperative patients all with small PLC(diameter≤5 cm) was done. One group of 29 patientsdeveloped recurrence or metastasis within 2 years. Theother group of 34 patients had no evidence of recurrence ormethetheis within 2 years. Three sections were tuken fromeach patient. One for H.E. stoining, the other two for VEGFand Bio-UEA-I immunohistochemical staining respectively.MVD was counted by endothelial cells, which werehighlighted by Bio-UEA-I. Results: The MVD of therecurrence (or metastasis) group (49.6±29.7) weresignificantly greater than the other group (22.7±28.2)(P<0.01); The WGF positive rate of the recurrence groupwas 86.2% (25/29), the rate of the other group was 47.1%(16/34). The difference between the 2 groups wasstafistically significant (P<0.01). The stuge of the tumor, thepositive rate of satellite nodules and the positive rate of theportal vein embolus were all significantly different betweenthe 2 groups. Conclusion: Besides tumor stage, satellitenodule and portal vein embolus, the MVD and VEGF areaiso of prognostic significance.
文摘BACKGROUND Microvessel density(MVD)has been proposed as a direct quantification method of tumor neovascularization.However,the current literature regarding the role of MVD in differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC)remains inconclusive.AIM To appraise the effect of tumoral MVD on the survival of patients with DTC.METHODS This meta-analysis was based on the PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.The electronic databases Medline,Web of Science,and Scopus were systematically screened.A fixedeffects or random-effects model was used,according to the Cochran Q test.The data were then extracted and assessed on the basis of the Reference Citation Analysis(https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com/).RESULTS A total of nine studies were included in the present study.Superiority of low MVD tumors in terms of 10-year disease free survival(OR:0.21,95%CI:0.08–0.53)was recorded.Lowly vascularized thyroid cancers had a lower recurrence rate(OR:13.66,95%CI:3.03–61.48).Moreover,relapsing tumors[weighed mean difference(WMD):11.92,95%CI:6.32–17.52]or malignancies with regional lymph node involvement(WMD:8.53,95%CI:0.04–17.02)presented with higher tumoral MVD values.CONCLUSION MVD significantly correlates with the survival outcomes of thyroid cancer patients.However,considering several study limitations,further prospective studies of higher methodological and quality level are required.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30471731).
文摘OBJECTIVE To observe the expression of thrombospondin-1 ( TSP-1) in prostate cancer, and examine its expression in relation to angiogenesis. METHODS The expression of TSP-1 and microvessel density (MVD) were studied in 22 prostate cancer patients by using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Positive expression of the TSP-1 protein was detected in 16 (72.7%)of the 22 cases. Most of the positive staining for TSP-1 was seen in the cytoplasm of the cancer cells, but some was in the extracellular matrix. The mean MVD in the 22 prostate cancer cases was 71.21±31.14 vessels per 100 high field of vision. Tumors with an elevated expression of TSP-1 showed a high MVD resulting in a correlation between TSP-1 immunopositivity and microvessel density that was highly significant (r= 0.54, P=0.009). CONCLUSION TSP-1 is strongly expressed in most prostate cancers and is associated with neovascularization. Therefore TSP-1 is a likely contributor to the extensive neovascularization in prostate cancer and increased TSP-1 expression might participate in an angiogenic phenotype.
基金Supported by grants from the Medicine and Health Care Science and Technology Development Plan Projects Foundation of Shandong Province(No.2014WS0282,2014WSA11003)the Application Technology Research and Development Project Foundation in Rizhao City(No.2014SZSH002)the Scientific Research Projects of Jining Medical College(No.JY2013KJ051)
文摘Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and CD105-microvessel density(MVD) in invasive breast carcinomas. We also aimed to analyze the relationship between VEGF and MVD expression with other standard prognostic parameters associated with invasive breast cancer, such as size, grade, stage of the cancer, metastases, and tumor recurrence. Methods Immunohistochemistry via the Ultra Sensitive TM S-P method was used to detect VEGF and MVD expression in 128 cases of invasive breast carcinoma. Specimens were evaluated for CD105 expression. Positively stained microvessels were counted in dense vascular foci under 400× magnification. MVD in the peripheral area adjacent to the lesion and in the central area within the lesion in invasive breast carcinomas and benign leisions groups were also assessed. Fifty cases of benign breast disease tissue were selected as the control group.Results Results showed that 64.1% of invasive breast cancer samples were VEGF-positive, higher than in benign breast disease tissue(22.0%, P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between VEGF overexpression and histological grade, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis of invasive breast cancer. VEGF expression was not related to age or size of the tumor(P > 0.05). MVD of the peripheral area adjacent to the lesion was significantly higher than those central area within the lesion in both invasive breast cancer and benign breast disease groups(P < 0.01 for each group). There were significant differences in the mean CD105-MVD, between invasive breast tumors with a histological grade of I or II and grade III; between tumors with lymph node or distant metastasis; and between patients with or without recurrence(P < 0.05). However, there was no difference in the mean MVD between the two age groups(≤ 50 years vs. > 50 years) or the two tumor diameter groups(≤ 2 cm vs. > 2 cm), P > 0.05.Conclusion Overexpression of VEGF and MVD may be important biological markers for invasion and lymph node and distant metastases of invasive breast cancer. Combined detection of the two tumor markers could provide better prognostic monitoring for disease recurrence and metastasis, as well as aid with clinical staging of breast tumors. Prediction of the risk for metastasis and recurrence, as well as recurrence patterns based on VEGF and MVD post-surgery, could aid design of better follow-up regimens and appropriate treatment strategies for breast cancer patients.
文摘Objective To investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and microvessel density (MVD) in benign and malignant pheochromocytomas, and the relationship between Cox-2 and MVD. Methods Specimens and clinical data from 38 patients (21 benign and 17 malignant pheochromocytomas) were studied. Slides of normal adrenal glands in nephrectomy specimens from another 20 patients with benign renal tumors were used as control. Immunohistochemical technology was performed to detect the Cox-2 and MVD in all specimens. Results Expression of Cox-2 was observed in 5 of the 21 benign pheochromocytomas (23.8%), and in 14 of the 17 malignant (82.4%). No expression of Cox-2 was observed in control slides. There were significant differences of Cox-2 expression between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas, as well as between malignant pheochromocytomas and control (P<0.05). Expressions of MVD were 36.41±13.00, 21.43±8.05, and 13.36±4.34 in malignant, benign pheochromocytomas, and in control, respectively. Conclusion Cox-2 may contribute to the invasive characteristics of malignant pheochromocytomas and be used as a marker to distinguish malignant from benign pheochromocytomas. Expression of MVD in malignant pheochromocytomas was directly correlated with Cox-2.
