To increase the variety and security of communication, we present the definitions of modified projective synchronization with complex scaling factors （CMPS） of real chaotic systems and complex chaotic systems, where...To increase the variety and security of communication, we present the definitions of modified projective synchronization with complex scaling factors （CMPS） of real chaotic systems and complex chaotic systems, where complex scaling factors establish a link between real chaos and complex chaos. Considering all situations of unknown parameters and pseudo-gradient condition, we design adaptive CMPS schemes based on the speed-gradient method for the real drive chaotic system and complex response chaotic system and for the complex drive chaotic system and the real response chaotic system, respectively. The convergence factors and dynamical control strength are added to regulate the convergence speed and increase robustness. Numerical simulations verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the presented schemes.展开更多
Objective To investigate the effect of the implant composite of poly lactide-co-glycolide(PLGA)and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) modified by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on injured spinal cord in rats.M...Objective To investigate the effect of the implant composite of poly lactide-co-glycolide(PLGA)and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) modified by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on injured spinal cord in rats.Methods Two hundred and展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong> Type 2 diabetes is a major public health problem worldwide. This study aimed at identifying modifiable behavioral risk factors associated with biological factors in people at...<strong>Introduction:</strong> Type 2 diabetes is a major public health problem worldwide. This study aimed at identifying modifiable behavioral risk factors associated with biological factors in people at risk of type 2 diabetes which could be targeted in the design and implementation of appropriate interventions to prevent the disease. <strong>Methods:</strong> 180 subjects at risk of type 2 diabetes (aged 15 - 60 years) were identified and selected at random during a preliminary survey conducted in two groups of villages in northeastern Benin. The study took part on August 2017. Questionnaires were administered to consenting subjects;anthropometric measurements taken and blood samples withdrawn. Blood samples were subjected to biochemical testing according to standard protocols. <strong>Results:</strong> Data was obtained from 180 subjects at risk of type 2 diabetes. The average age of the subjects was 42.76 ± 11.30 years. Multivariate analysis showed inadequate dietary intake score, low physical activity and tobacco use as behavioral factors significantly associated with high waist circumference, high blood sugar, low HDL cholesterol, high triglyceride levels and high body fat percentage. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> There is a possible association between biological and behavioral risk factors.展开更多
In this investigation,attempts are made to examine the effects of soil-structure interaction on the deflection modification factor of multistory buildings and to clarify the role of deformable soil on this factor.A co...In this investigation,attempts are made to examine the effects of soil-structure interaction on the deflection modification factor of multistory buildings and to clarify the role of deformable soil on this factor.A comprehensive study is conducted to investigate the effect of inertial interaction on displacement demand ratios in soil-structure systems with different structural characteristics and various non-dimensional parameters,using a simplified interacting model.A two-step regression analysis of the nonlinear,dynamic computer simulation results obtained,leads to a reliable and accurate formula for predicting deflection modification factors that incorporate foundation flexibility.The results illustrate that the application of deflection modification factors derived from fixed-base structures can lead to unsafe evaluation of the structures on soft soil.The proposed formula provides a useful tool for design engineers to incorporate the effect of soil-structure interaction into the evaluation of structural deformations.展开更多
Introduction: Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors contribute to the significant rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), most notably cardiovascular disease (CVD), in the Pacific Island nations. The aim of thi...Introduction: Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors contribute to the significant rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), most notably cardiovascular disease (CVD), in the Pacific Island nations. The aim of this study is to review previously published articles to understand common modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of CVD among Pacific countries. Methods: This systematic review is conducted using different databases including;Scopus, Medline, EMBASE, and psycINFO. This systematic review is based on the Cochrane review process. All articles published in the English language from 1<sup>st</sup> January 2000 to 1<sup>st</sup> September 2016, will be included in the study. After reviewing all of the articles’ titles, abstracts, and full text, the final articles were reviewed and the relevant data was included in the data extraction sheet. A descriptive analysis was conducted to measure the common risk factors of CVD in Pacific countries. Results: Overall, 45 articles met the inclusion criteria of the study. The results showed that age was the most common non-modifiable risk factor while diabetes, high blood lipid, and high blood pressure were the most common modifiable risk factors of CVD. There were only three interventional studies which had all of the significant influences in reducing the risk factors of CVD when the results were compared with the control group. Conclusion: While it is not possible to change the non-modifiable risk factors for CVD, we encourage policy makers to use the results of this study to develop health promotion strategies to address the modifiable risk factors for CVD. Interventional strategies are highly recommended in the Pacific countries to tackle the modifiable risk factors for CVD.展开更多
The irregularity of jointed network poses a challenge to the determination of field mechanical param-eters of columnar jointed rock mass(CJRM),and a reasonable prediction of deformation and strength characteristics of...The irregularity of jointed network poses a challenge to the determination of field mechanical param-eters of columnar jointed rock mass(CJRM),and a reasonable prediction of deformation and strength characteristics of CJRM is important for engineering construction.The Voronoi diagram and three-dimensional printing technology were used to make an irregular columnar jointed mold,and the irregular CJRM(ICJRM)specimens with different dip directions and dip angles were prepared.Uniaxial compression tests were performed,and the anisotropic strength and deformation characteristics of ICJRM were described.The failure modes and mechanisms were revealed in accordance with the final appearances of the ICJRM specimens.Based on the model test results,the empirical correlations for determining the field deformation and strength parameters of CJRM were derived using the dip angle and modified joint factor.The proposed empirical equations were used in the Baihetan Project,and the calculated mechanical parameters were compared with the field test results and those obtained from the tunneling quality index method.Results showed that the deformation parameters determined by the two proposed methods are all consistent with the field test results,and these two methods can also estimate the strength parameters effectively.展开更多
Major advances have been made over the last decade in our understanding of the molecular basis ofseveral cardiac conditions. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) was the first cardiac disorder in whicha genetic basis was...Major advances have been made over the last decade in our understanding of the molecular basis ofseveral cardiac conditions. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) was the first cardiac disorder in whicha genetic basis was identified and as such, has acted as a paradigm for the study of an inherited cardiacdisorder. HCM can result in clinical symptoms ranging from no symptoms to severe heart failure andpremature sudden death. HCM is the commonest cause of sudden death in those aged less than 35 years,including competitive athletes. At least ten genes have now been identified, defects in which cause HCM.All of these genes encode proteins which comprise the basic contractile unit of the heart, i.e. the sarcomere.While much is now known about which genes cause disease and the various clinical presentations, very littleis known about how these gene defects cause disease, and what factors modify the expression of the mutantgenes. Studies in both cell culture and animal models of HCM are now beginning to shed light on thesignalling pathways involved in HCM, and the role of both environmental and genetic modifying factors.Understanding these mechanisms will ultimately improve our knowledge of the basic biology of heart musclefunction, and will therefore provide new avenues for treating cardiovascular disease in man.展开更多
With the help of the modified geometrical factor theory, the Marquardt method was used to calculate the true electrical parameters of the formation from array induction logs. The inversion results derived from the ass...With the help of the modified geometrical factor theory, the Marquardt method was used to calculate the true electrical parameters of the formation from array induction logs. The inversion results derived from the assumed model and some practical cases show that the rebuilt formation profile determined by 2-ft resolution array induction logs is reasonable when the formation thickness is greater than 1 m, which thus indicates that the inversion method is reliable and can provide quantitative information for the discrimination of oil/gas or water zone.展开更多
Background:Hamstring injury is one of the most common injuries in sports involving sprinting.Hamstring flexibility and strength are often considered to be modifiable risk factors in hamstring injury.Understanding the ...Background:Hamstring injury is one of the most common injuries in sports involving sprinting.Hamstring flexibility and strength are often considered to be modifiable risk factors in hamstring injury.Understanding the effects of hamstring flexibility or strength training on the biomechanics of the hamstring muscles during sprinting could assist in improving prevention strategies and rehabilitation related to these injuries.The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of altering hamstring flexibility or strength on peak hamstring musculotendinous strain during sprinting.Methods:A total of 20 male college students(aged 18-24 years)participated and were randomly assigned to either a flexibility intervention group or a strength intervention group.Each participant executed exercise training 3 times a week for 8 weeks.Flexibility,sprinting,and isokinetic strength testing were performed before and after the 2 interventions.Paired t tests were performed to determine hamstring flexibility or strength intervention effects on optimal hamstring musculotendinous lengths and peak hamstring musculotendinous strains during sprinting.Results:Participants in the flexibility intervention group significantly increased the optimal musculotendinous lengths of the semimembranosus and biceps long head(p<0.026)and decreased peak musculotendinous strains in all 3 bi-articulate hamstring muscles(p<0.004).Participants in the strength-intervention group significantly increased the optimal musculotendinous lengths of all 3 hamstring muscles(p<0.041)and significantly decreased their peak musculotendinous strain during sprinting(p<0.017).Conclusion:Increasing hamstring flexibility or strength through exercise training may assist in reducing the risk of hamstring injury during sprinting for recreational male athletes.展开更多
Objective:It has been reported that intrinsic apoptosis is associated with the progression of bladder cancer(BC).Recent evidence suggests that polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase 1(PNPT1)is a pivotal mediator in...Objective:It has been reported that intrinsic apoptosis is associated with the progression of bladder cancer(BC).Recent evidence suggests that polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase 1(PNPT1)is a pivotal mediator involved in RNA decay and cell apoptosis.However,the regulation and roles of PNPT1 in bladder cancer remain largely unclear.Methods:The upstream miRNA regulators were predicted by in silico analysis.The expression levels of PNPT1 were evaluated by real-time PCR,Western blotting,and immunohistochemistry(IHC),while miR-183-5p levels were evaluated by qPCR in BC cell lines and tissues.In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to investigate the function of miR-183-5p and PNPT1 in apoptotic RNA decay and the tumorigenic capability of bladder cancer cells.Results:PNPT1 expression was decreased in BC tissues and cell lines.Overexpression of PNPT1 significantly promoted cisplatin-induced intrinsic apoptosis of BC cells,whereas depletion of PNPT1 potently alleviated these effects.Moreover,oncogenic miR183-5p directly targeted the 3′UTR of PNPT1 and reversed the tumor suppressive role of PNPT1.Intriguingly,miR-183-5p modulated not only PNPT1 but also Bcl2 modifying factor(BMF)to inhibit the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization(MOMP)in BC cells.Conclusion:Our results provide new insight into the mechanisms underlying intrinsic apoptosis in BC,suggesting that the miR-183-5p-PNPT1 regulatory axis regulates the apoptosis of BC cells and might represent a potential therapeutic avenue for the treatment of BC.展开更多
An algorithm composed of an iterative modified approximate factorization(MAF(k)) method with Navier-Stokes characteristic boundary conditions(NSCBC) is proposed for solving subsonic viscous flows.A transformation on t...An algorithm composed of an iterative modified approximate factorization(MAF(k)) method with Navier-Stokes characteristic boundary conditions(NSCBC) is proposed for solving subsonic viscous flows.A transformation on the matrix equation in MAF(k) is made in order to impose the implicit boundary conditions properly.To be in consistent with the implicit solver for the interior domain,an implicit scheme for NSCBC is formulated.The performance of the developed algorithm is investigated using spatially evolving zero pressure gradient boundary layer over a flat plate and a wall jet mixing with a cross flow over a flat plate with a square hole as the test cases.The numerical results are compared to the existing experimental datasets and a number of general correlations,together with other available numerical solutions,which demonstrate that the developed algorithm possesses promising capacity for simulating the subsonic viscous flows with large CFL number.展开更多
Endmember extraction is a key step in the hyperspectral image analysis process. The kernel new simplex growing algorithm （KNSGA）, recently developed as a nonlinear alternative to the simplex growing algorithm （SGA...Endmember extraction is a key step in the hyperspectral image analysis process. The kernel new simplex growing algorithm （KNSGA）, recently developed as a nonlinear alternative to the simplex growing algorithm （SGA）, has proven a promising endmember extraction technique. However, KNSGA still suffers from two issues limiting its application. First, its random initialization leads to inconsistency in final results; second, excessive computation is caused by the iterations of a simplex volume calculation. To solve the first issue, the spatial pixel purity index （SPPI） method is used in this study to extract the first endrnember, eliminating the initialization dependence. A novel approach tackles the second issue by initially using a modified Cholesky fac- torization to decompose the volume matrix into triangular matrices, in order to avoid directly computing the determinant tauto- logically in the simplex volume formula. Theoretical analysis and experiments on both simulated and real spectral data demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly reduces computational complexity, and runs faster than the original algorithm.展开更多
Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) has gained favorable recognition in hydropower and water resource dam construction. With optimization in construction technology and materials used for RCC Dams, cost is no longer a maj...Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) has gained favorable recognition in hydropower and water resource dam construction. With optimization in construction technology and materials used for RCC Dams, cost is no longer a major disadvantage as compared to environmental impact, that is, wildlife habitat disruption. In as much as it has become optimal for investment in hydropower dam construction, the scourge for dam failure is still eminent, which is as a result of excessive seepage compromising the integrity of the mechanical properties of the dam. The aim of the paper is to highlight successful application methods in joint bonding to avoid excessive seepage and reduce the autogenous healing to a few years of operation. In view of optimization, this paper presents a comprehensive study on the influences of interlayer joints bonding quality from RCC mix performances and how it consolidates the RCC layers to withstand the shear strength along the interface, especially on the high dams. The case study is the RCC dam at the 750 MW Kafue Gorge Lower Hydropower Station. The scope of the study reviews the joint type judged by Modified Maturity Factor (MMF) with joint surface long time exposed in regions with dry and high temperature, technical measures of layer bonding quality control under condition of long time joint surface exposure, effects of joints shear strength and impermeability of the RCC layers when under the conditions of plastic and elasticity. The subtle observations made during the dam construction phases were with respect to the optimal use of materials in relation to RCC mix designs and the basis for equipment calibration for monitoring important data that can be referenced during analysis of shear forces acting on the RCC dam over time.展开更多
The invasive pest whitefly(Bemisia tabaci)is a complex species,of which Middle East-Minor Asia 1(MEAM1)and Mediterranean(MED)are the two most damaging members.Previous research showed that cabbage is frequently infest...The invasive pest whitefly(Bemisia tabaci)is a complex species,of which Middle East-Minor Asia 1(MEAM1)and Mediterranean(MED)are the two most damaging members.Previous research showed that cabbage is frequently infested with MEAM1 but seldomly with MED,and this difference in performance is associated with glucosi-nolate(GS)content.Some insects can modify GS using glucosinolate sulfatase(SULF),the activity of which is regulated by sulfatase modifying factor 1(SUMF1);therefore,to increase our understanding of different performances of MEAM1 and MED on cabbage plants,we identified and compared nine putative SULFs and one SUMF in MEAM1 and MED.We found that the lengths of two genes,BtSulf2 and BtSulf4,differed between MEAM1 and MED.The messenger RNA levels of BtSulf4 increased more than 20-fold after MEAMl and MED adults were exposed to GS,but BtSulJ2 expression was only induced by GS in MEAM1.Knockdown of BtSulf2 and BtSulf4 in MEAM1 resulted in a substantial increase in the mortality of GS-treated adults but not in MED.These results indicate that differences in BtSulJ2 and BtSulf4 sequences and/or expression may explain why MEAM1 performs better than MED on cabbage.Our results provide a basis for future functional research on SULF and SUMF in B.tabaci.展开更多
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer that affects one in three men and one in four women worldwide. Late-stage detection is associated with significantly lower 5-year survival rates. Although it is well establis...Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer that affects one in three men and one in four women worldwide. Late-stage detection is associated with significantly lower 5-year survival rates. Although it is well established that CRC mortality rates have decreased in the past several decades, adoption of routine screening continues to lag behind screening for other common cancers such as cervical and breast cancer. The decrease in overall rates has been attributed, in part, to improved primary and secondary prevention efforts, including smoking prevention and cessation programs, nutritional counseling, and the use of evidence-based screening protocols, as well as access to better treatment. Despite the increased screening rates, it is estimated that at least one-third of eligible people do not receive appropriate screening. The objective of this review is to describe the current epidemiology of CRC and to demonstrate effective primary and secondary prevention strategies for the primary care provider.展开更多
The lathes are basic machine tools for manufacturing cylindrical parts. In recent years, the DLseries computer numerical control(CNC) heavy-duty horizontal lathes(HDHLs) have been widely used in the transportation, en...The lathes are basic machine tools for manufacturing cylindrical parts. In recent years, the DLseries computer numerical control(CNC) heavy-duty horizontal lathes(HDHLs) have been widely used in the transportation, energy and aviation industries. High availability of the CNC heavy-duty lathes is demanded to guarantee the efficiency and benefit of these manufacturing industries. As one of the key subsystems of the HDHLs, the feeding control system is studied in this paper on reliability modeling and reliability analysis. The fault tree analysis(FTA) method is used for reliability modelling of the feeding control system. Considering the multiple common cause failure groups(CCFGs) existing in the system, a modified beta factor parametric model is introduced to model the common cause failure(CCF) in system. The reliability of feeding control system is then obtained and the effect of CCF on the reliability of the whole system is studied as well.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61273088,10971120,and 61001099)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.ZR2010FM010)
文摘To increase the variety and security of communication, we present the definitions of modified projective synchronization with complex scaling factors （CMPS） of real chaotic systems and complex chaotic systems, where complex scaling factors establish a link between real chaos and complex chaos. Considering all situations of unknown parameters and pseudo-gradient condition, we design adaptive CMPS schemes based on the speed-gradient method for the real drive chaotic system and complex response chaotic system and for the complex drive chaotic system and the real response chaotic system, respectively. The convergence factors and dynamical control strength are added to regulate the convergence speed and increase robustness. Numerical simulations verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the presented schemes.
文摘Objective To investigate the effect of the implant composite of poly lactide-co-glycolide(PLGA)and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) modified by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on injured spinal cord in rats.Methods Two hundred and
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> Type 2 diabetes is a major public health problem worldwide. This study aimed at identifying modifiable behavioral risk factors associated with biological factors in people at risk of type 2 diabetes which could be targeted in the design and implementation of appropriate interventions to prevent the disease. <strong>Methods:</strong> 180 subjects at risk of type 2 diabetes (aged 15 - 60 years) were identified and selected at random during a preliminary survey conducted in two groups of villages in northeastern Benin. The study took part on August 2017. Questionnaires were administered to consenting subjects;anthropometric measurements taken and blood samples withdrawn. Blood samples were subjected to biochemical testing according to standard protocols. <strong>Results:</strong> Data was obtained from 180 subjects at risk of type 2 diabetes. The average age of the subjects was 42.76 ± 11.30 years. Multivariate analysis showed inadequate dietary intake score, low physical activity and tobacco use as behavioral factors significantly associated with high waist circumference, high blood sugar, low HDL cholesterol, high triglyceride levels and high body fat percentage. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> There is a possible association between biological and behavioral risk factors.
文摘In this investigation,attempts are made to examine the effects of soil-structure interaction on the deflection modification factor of multistory buildings and to clarify the role of deformable soil on this factor.A comprehensive study is conducted to investigate the effect of inertial interaction on displacement demand ratios in soil-structure systems with different structural characteristics and various non-dimensional parameters,using a simplified interacting model.A two-step regression analysis of the nonlinear,dynamic computer simulation results obtained,leads to a reliable and accurate formula for predicting deflection modification factors that incorporate foundation flexibility.The results illustrate that the application of deflection modification factors derived from fixed-base structures can lead to unsafe evaluation of the structures on soft soil.The proposed formula provides a useful tool for design engineers to incorporate the effect of soil-structure interaction into the evaluation of structural deformations.
文摘Introduction: Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors contribute to the significant rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), most notably cardiovascular disease (CVD), in the Pacific Island nations. The aim of this study is to review previously published articles to understand common modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of CVD among Pacific countries. Methods: This systematic review is conducted using different databases including;Scopus, Medline, EMBASE, and psycINFO. This systematic review is based on the Cochrane review process. All articles published in the English language from 1<sup>st</sup> January 2000 to 1<sup>st</sup> September 2016, will be included in the study. After reviewing all of the articles’ titles, abstracts, and full text, the final articles were reviewed and the relevant data was included in the data extraction sheet. A descriptive analysis was conducted to measure the common risk factors of CVD in Pacific countries. Results: Overall, 45 articles met the inclusion criteria of the study. The results showed that age was the most common non-modifiable risk factor while diabetes, high blood lipid, and high blood pressure were the most common modifiable risk factors of CVD. There were only three interventional studies which had all of the significant influences in reducing the risk factors of CVD when the results were compared with the control group. Conclusion: While it is not possible to change the non-modifiable risk factors for CVD, we encourage policy makers to use the results of this study to develop health promotion strategies to address the modifiable risk factors for CVD. Interventional strategies are highly recommended in the Pacific countries to tackle the modifiable risk factors for CVD.
基金This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.KYCX21_0487)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41831278,and 51579081).
文摘The irregularity of jointed network poses a challenge to the determination of field mechanical param-eters of columnar jointed rock mass(CJRM),and a reasonable prediction of deformation and strength characteristics of CJRM is important for engineering construction.The Voronoi diagram and three-dimensional printing technology were used to make an irregular columnar jointed mold,and the irregular CJRM(ICJRM)specimens with different dip directions and dip angles were prepared.Uniaxial compression tests were performed,and the anisotropic strength and deformation characteristics of ICJRM were described.The failure modes and mechanisms were revealed in accordance with the final appearances of the ICJRM specimens.Based on the model test results,the empirical correlations for determining the field deformation and strength parameters of CJRM were derived using the dip angle and modified joint factor.The proposed empirical equations were used in the Baihetan Project,and the calculated mechanical parameters were compared with the field test results and those obtained from the tunneling quality index method.Results showed that the deformation parameters determined by the two proposed methods are all consistent with the field test results,and these two methods can also estimate the strength parameters effectively.
文摘Major advances have been made over the last decade in our understanding of the molecular basis ofseveral cardiac conditions. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) was the first cardiac disorder in whicha genetic basis was identified and as such, has acted as a paradigm for the study of an inherited cardiacdisorder. HCM can result in clinical symptoms ranging from no symptoms to severe heart failure andpremature sudden death. HCM is the commonest cause of sudden death in those aged less than 35 years,including competitive athletes. At least ten genes have now been identified, defects in which cause HCM.All of these genes encode proteins which comprise the basic contractile unit of the heart, i.e. the sarcomere.While much is now known about which genes cause disease and the various clinical presentations, very littleis known about how these gene defects cause disease, and what factors modify the expression of the mutantgenes. Studies in both cell culture and animal models of HCM are now beginning to shed light on thesignalling pathways involved in HCM, and the role of both environmental and genetic modifying factors.Understanding these mechanisms will ultimately improve our knowledge of the basic biology of heart musclefunction, and will therefore provide new avenues for treating cardiovascular disease in man.
文摘With the help of the modified geometrical factor theory, the Marquardt method was used to calculate the true electrical parameters of the formation from array induction logs. The inversion results derived from the assumed model and some practical cases show that the rebuilt formation profile determined by 2-ft resolution array induction logs is reasonable when the formation thickness is greater than 1 m, which thus indicates that the inversion method is reliable and can provide quantitative information for the discrimination of oil/gas or water zone.
基金by a research grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81572212)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant No.2019PT015).
文摘Background:Hamstring injury is one of the most common injuries in sports involving sprinting.Hamstring flexibility and strength are often considered to be modifiable risk factors in hamstring injury.Understanding the effects of hamstring flexibility or strength training on the biomechanics of the hamstring muscles during sprinting could assist in improving prevention strategies and rehabilitation related to these injuries.The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of altering hamstring flexibility or strength on peak hamstring musculotendinous strain during sprinting.Methods:A total of 20 male college students(aged 18-24 years)participated and were randomly assigned to either a flexibility intervention group or a strength intervention group.Each participant executed exercise training 3 times a week for 8 weeks.Flexibility,sprinting,and isokinetic strength testing were performed before and after the 2 interventions.Paired t tests were performed to determine hamstring flexibility or strength intervention effects on optimal hamstring musculotendinous lengths and peak hamstring musculotendinous strains during sprinting.Results:Participants in the flexibility intervention group significantly increased the optimal musculotendinous lengths of the semimembranosus and biceps long head(p<0.026)and decreased peak musculotendinous strains in all 3 bi-articulate hamstring muscles(p<0.004).Participants in the strength-intervention group significantly increased the optimal musculotendinous lengths of all 3 hamstring muscles(p<0.041)and significantly decreased their peak musculotendinous strain during sprinting(p<0.017).Conclusion:Increasing hamstring flexibility or strength through exercise training may assist in reducing the risk of hamstring injury during sprinting for recreational male athletes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81772714).
文摘Objective:It has been reported that intrinsic apoptosis is associated with the progression of bladder cancer(BC).Recent evidence suggests that polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase 1(PNPT1)is a pivotal mediator involved in RNA decay and cell apoptosis.However,the regulation and roles of PNPT1 in bladder cancer remain largely unclear.Methods:The upstream miRNA regulators were predicted by in silico analysis.The expression levels of PNPT1 were evaluated by real-time PCR,Western blotting,and immunohistochemistry(IHC),while miR-183-5p levels were evaluated by qPCR in BC cell lines and tissues.In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to investigate the function of miR-183-5p and PNPT1 in apoptotic RNA decay and the tumorigenic capability of bladder cancer cells.Results:PNPT1 expression was decreased in BC tissues and cell lines.Overexpression of PNPT1 significantly promoted cisplatin-induced intrinsic apoptosis of BC cells,whereas depletion of PNPT1 potently alleviated these effects.Moreover,oncogenic miR183-5p directly targeted the 3′UTR of PNPT1 and reversed the tumor suppressive role of PNPT1.Intriguingly,miR-183-5p modulated not only PNPT1 but also Bcl2 modifying factor(BMF)to inhibit the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization(MOMP)in BC cells.Conclusion:Our results provide new insight into the mechanisms underlying intrinsic apoptosis in BC,suggesting that the miR-183-5p-PNPT1 regulatory axis regulates the apoptosis of BC cells and might represent a potential therapeutic avenue for the treatment of BC.
文摘An algorithm composed of an iterative modified approximate factorization(MAF(k)) method with Navier-Stokes characteristic boundary conditions(NSCBC) is proposed for solving subsonic viscous flows.A transformation on the matrix equation in MAF(k) is made in order to impose the implicit boundary conditions properly.To be in consistent with the implicit solver for the interior domain,an implicit scheme for NSCBC is formulated.The performance of the developed algorithm is investigated using spatially evolving zero pressure gradient boundary layer over a flat plate and a wall jet mixing with a cross flow over a flat plate with a square hole as the test cases.The numerical results are compared to the existing experimental datasets and a number of general correlations,together with other available numerical solutions,which demonstrate that the developed algorithm possesses promising capacity for simulating the subsonic viscous flows with large CFL number.
基金Project supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.LY13F020044 and LZ14F030004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61571170)
文摘Endmember extraction is a key step in the hyperspectral image analysis process. The kernel new simplex growing algorithm （KNSGA）, recently developed as a nonlinear alternative to the simplex growing algorithm （SGA）, has proven a promising endmember extraction technique. However, KNSGA still suffers from two issues limiting its application. First, its random initialization leads to inconsistency in final results; second, excessive computation is caused by the iterations of a simplex volume calculation. To solve the first issue, the spatial pixel purity index （SPPI） method is used in this study to extract the first endrnember, eliminating the initialization dependence. A novel approach tackles the second issue by initially using a modified Cholesky fac- torization to decompose the volume matrix into triangular matrices, in order to avoid directly computing the determinant tauto- logically in the simplex volume formula. Theoretical analysis and experiments on both simulated and real spectral data demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly reduces computational complexity, and runs faster than the original algorithm.
文摘Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) has gained favorable recognition in hydropower and water resource dam construction. With optimization in construction technology and materials used for RCC Dams, cost is no longer a major disadvantage as compared to environmental impact, that is, wildlife habitat disruption. In as much as it has become optimal for investment in hydropower dam construction, the scourge for dam failure is still eminent, which is as a result of excessive seepage compromising the integrity of the mechanical properties of the dam. The aim of the paper is to highlight successful application methods in joint bonding to avoid excessive seepage and reduce the autogenous healing to a few years of operation. In view of optimization, this paper presents a comprehensive study on the influences of interlayer joints bonding quality from RCC mix performances and how it consolidates the RCC layers to withstand the shear strength along the interface, especially on the high dams. The case study is the RCC dam at the 750 MW Kafue Gorge Lower Hydropower Station. The scope of the study reviews the joint type judged by Modified Maturity Factor (MMF) with joint surface long time exposed in regions with dry and high temperature, technical measures of layer bonding quality control under condition of long time joint surface exposure, effects of joints shear strength and impermeability of the RCC layers when under the conditions of plastic and elasticity. The subtle observations made during the dam construction phases were with respect to the optimal use of materials in relation to RCC mix designs and the basis for equipment calibration for monitoring important data that can be referenced during analysis of shear forces acting on the RCC dam over time.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD1002100)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-24-C-02)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-IVFCAAS)he Beijing Key Laboratory for Pest Control and Sustainable Cultivation of Vegetables.
文摘The invasive pest whitefly(Bemisia tabaci)is a complex species,of which Middle East-Minor Asia 1(MEAM1)and Mediterranean(MED)are the two most damaging members.Previous research showed that cabbage is frequently infested with MEAM1 but seldomly with MED,and this difference in performance is associated with glucosi-nolate(GS)content.Some insects can modify GS using glucosinolate sulfatase(SULF),the activity of which is regulated by sulfatase modifying factor 1(SUMF1);therefore,to increase our understanding of different performances of MEAM1 and MED on cabbage plants,we identified and compared nine putative SULFs and one SUMF in MEAM1 and MED.We found that the lengths of two genes,BtSulf2 and BtSulf4,differed between MEAM1 and MED.The messenger RNA levels of BtSulf4 increased more than 20-fold after MEAMl and MED adults were exposed to GS,but BtSulJ2 expression was only induced by GS in MEAM1.Knockdown of BtSulf2 and BtSulf4 in MEAM1 resulted in a substantial increase in the mortality of GS-treated adults but not in MED.These results indicate that differences in BtSulJ2 and BtSulf4 sequences and/or expression may explain why MEAM1 performs better than MED on cabbage.Our results provide a basis for future functional research on SULF and SUMF in B.tabaci.
文摘Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer that affects one in three men and one in four women worldwide. Late-stage detection is associated with significantly lower 5-year survival rates. Although it is well established that CRC mortality rates have decreased in the past several decades, adoption of routine screening continues to lag behind screening for other common cancers such as cervical and breast cancer. The decrease in overall rates has been attributed, in part, to improved primary and secondary prevention efforts, including smoking prevention and cessation programs, nutritional counseling, and the use of evidence-based screening protocols, as well as access to better treatment. Despite the increased screening rates, it is estimated that at least one-third of eligible people do not receive appropriate screening. The objective of this review is to describe the current epidemiology of CRC and to demonstrate effective primary and secondary prevention strategies for the primary care provider.
基金the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2014ZX04014-011)
文摘The lathes are basic machine tools for manufacturing cylindrical parts. In recent years, the DLseries computer numerical control(CNC) heavy-duty horizontal lathes(HDHLs) have been widely used in the transportation, energy and aviation industries. High availability of the CNC heavy-duty lathes is demanded to guarantee the efficiency and benefit of these manufacturing industries. As one of the key subsystems of the HDHLs, the feeding control system is studied in this paper on reliability modeling and reliability analysis. The fault tree analysis(FTA) method is used for reliability modelling of the feeding control system. Considering the multiple common cause failure groups(CCFGs) existing in the system, a modified beta factor parametric model is introduced to model the common cause failure(CCF) in system. The reliability of feeding control system is then obtained and the effect of CCF on the reliability of the whole system is studied as well.
