The chemical diversity of scleractinian corals is closely related to their physiological,ecological,and evolutionary status,and can be influenced by both genetic background and environmental variables.To investigate i...The chemical diversity of scleractinian corals is closely related to their physiological,ecological,and evolutionary status,and can be influenced by both genetic background and environmental variables.To investigate intraspecific variation in the metabolites of these corals,the metabolomes of four species(Pocillopora meandrina,Seriatopora hystrix,Acropora formosa,and Fungia fungites)from the South China Sea were analyzed using untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics.The results showed that a variety of metabolites,including amino acids,peptides,lipids,and other small molecules,were differentially distributed among the four species,leading to their significant separation in principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering plots.The higher content of storage lipids in branching corals(P.meandrina,S.hystrix,and A.formosa)compared to the solitary coral(F.fungites)may be due to the high densities of zooxanthellae in their tissues.The high content of aromatic amino acids in P.meandrina may help the coral protect against ultraviolet damage and promote growth in shallow seawater,while nitrogen-rich compounds may enable S.hystrix to survive in various challenging environments.The metabolites enriched in F.fungites,including amino acids,dipeptides,phospholipids,and other small molecules,may be related to the composition of the coral's mucus and its life-history,such as its ability to move freely and live solitarily.Studying the chemical diversity of scleractinian corals not only provides insight into their environmental adaptation,but also holds potential for the chemotaxonomy of corals and the discovery of novel bioactive natural products.展开更多
Objective:Lingzhihuang capsule(LZHC)is a natural product that consists of 10 commonly used medicinal plants,and it is used in traditional Chinese medicine to promote people’s overall health.Previously,LZHC was succes...Objective:Lingzhihuang capsule(LZHC)is a natural product that consists of 10 commonly used medicinal plants,and it is used in traditional Chinese medicine to promote people’s overall health.Previously,LZHC was successfully used as adjuvant therapy for treating patients with cancer.However,the chemical constituents of LZHC and their potential biological functions remain unclear.The aim of this study is to investigate the major bioactive compounds in LZHC and predict their pharmacological targets.Methods:The LZHC constituents were putatively identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with timeof-flight mass spectrometry combined with mass spectrometry-based molecular networking.The targets were predicted using SwissTargetPrediction software,and the associated gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways were analyzed using the Database for Annotation,Visualization,and Integrated Discovery.The mass spectrometry-based molecular network and compound-target-pathway network were constructed using Cytoscape 3.8.0 software.Results:We putatively identified 94 compounds of LZHC by mass spectrometry-based molecular networking,including triterpene(the main structural type)and other clusters(ie,flavonoids and organic acids).Our results suggested that multiple pivotal targets were regulated by LZHC,including tumor necrosis factor,nitric oxide synthase 2,glucocorticoid receptor,estrogen receptor,3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 2,prostaglandin e2 receptor ep4 subtype,estrogen receptor beta,phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform,mitogen-activated protein kinase 3,and racalpha serine,which are related to signal transduction,positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoters,oxidation-reduction processes,inflammatory responses,and other biological processes.Functional annotation of those targets suggested that several signaling pathways may be regulated by LZHC,such as cancer-related proteoglycans,the PI3K-Aktsignaling pathway,and the cAMP-signaling pathway.Conclusions:Our findings reveal the chemical constituents of LZHC and provided scientific support for the efficacy of LZHC in terms of immune regulation,anti-aging,and tumor suppression.展开更多
Natural products are great treasure troves for the discovery of bioactive components.Current bioassay guided fractionation for identification of bioactive components is time-and workload-consuming.In this study,we pro...Natural products are great treasure troves for the discovery of bioactive components.Current bioassay guided fractionation for identification of bioactive components is time-and workload-consuming.In this study,we proposed a robust and convenient strategy for deciphering the bioactive profile of natural products by mass spectral molecular networking combined with rapid bioassay.As a proof-of-concept,the strategy was applied to identify angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitors of Fangjihuangqi decoction(FJHQD),a traditional medicine clinically used for the treatment of heart failure.The chemical profile of FJHQD was comprehensively revealed with the assistance of tandem mass spectral molecular networking,and a total of 165 compounds were identified.With characterized constituents,potential clinical applications of FJHQD were predicted by Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mech ANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and a range of cardiovascular related diseases were significantly enriched.ACE inhibitory activities of FJHQD and its constituents were then investigated with an aggregation-induced emission based fluorescent probe.FJHQD exhibited excellent ACE inhibitory effects,and a bioactive molecular network was established to elucidate the ACE inhibitory profile of constituents in FJHQD.This bioactive molecular network provided a panoramic view of FJHQD’s ACE inhibitory activities,which demonstrated that flavones from Astragali Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,saponins from Astragali Radix,and sesquiterpenoids from Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma were principal components responsible for this effect of FJHQD.Among them,four novel ACE inhibitors were the first to be reported.Our study indicated that the proposed strategy offers a useful approach to uncover the bioactive profile of traditional medicines and provides a pragmatic workflow for exploring bioactive components.展开更多
The building blocks-based molecular network(BBMN)strategy was applied to the phytochemical investigation of Cleistocalyx operculatus,leading to the targeted isolation of eighteen novel cinnamoylphloroglucinol-terpene ...The building blocks-based molecular network(BBMN)strategy was applied to the phytochemical investigation of Cleistocalyx operculatus,leading to the targeted isolation of eighteen novel cinnamoylphloroglucinol-terpene adducts(CPTAs)with diverse skeleton types(cleistoperones A-R,1-18).Their structures including absolute configurations were determined by extensive spectroscopic methods,quantum chemical calculations,and single-crystal X-ray crystallographic experiments.Cleistoperone A(1),consisting of a cinnamoylphloroglucinol motif and two linear monoterpene moieties,represents an unprecedented macrocyclic CPTA,whose densely functionalized tricyclo[15.3.1.0^(3,8)]heneicosane bridge ring skeleton contains an enolizableβ,β′-triketone system and two different kinds of stereogenic elements(including five point and three planar chiralities).Cleistoperones B and C(2 and 3)are two new skeletal CPTAs with an unusual coupling pattern between the(nor)monoterpene moiety and the cinnamoyl chain of the cinnamoylphloroglucinol unit.Cleistoperone D(4)possesses an unprecedented cage-like 6/6/6/4/6-fused heteropentacyclic scaffold.The plausible biosynthetic pathways for 1-18 were also proposed.Notably,compounds 1,4,7,8,and 18 exhibited significant antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus(RSV).The most potent one,cleistoperone A(1)with IC_(50) value of 1.71±0.61μmol/L,could effectively inhibit virus replication via affecting the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway.展开更多
Under the guidance of the approach which integrates molecular networking,MolNetEnhancer and Net-work Annotation Propagation(NAP),daphnaltaicanoids A and B(1 and 2)with unprecedented 9-oxa-tetracyclo[6.6.1.0^(2,6).0^(8...Under the guidance of the approach which integrates molecular networking,MolNetEnhancer and Net-work Annotation Propagation(NAP),daphnaltaicanoids A and B(1 and 2)with unprecedented 9-oxa-tetracyclo[6.6.1.0^(2,6).0^(8,13)]pentadecane and tetracyclo[5.3.0.1^(2,5).2^(4,11)]tridecane central frameworks were iso-lated from Daphne altaica Pall.,representing two types of unparalleled meroterpenoid cores.Their struc-tures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)calcula-tions,DP4+analysis and electronic circular dichroism(ECD)calculations.The plausible biosynthetic path-ways for 1 and 2 were postulated.Biologically,2 exerted potent neuroprotective activities which were su-perior to trolox at 12.5 and 25μmol/L.Moreover,1 and 2 exhibited more noticeable acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities than donepezil.Molecular docking simulations were performed to explore the inter-molecular interaction of compounds 1 and 2 with acetylcholinesterase.The bioactivity evaluation results highlight the prospects of 1 and 2 as a novel category of neurological agents.展开更多
The first phloroglucinol-triterpenoid hybrids,myrtphlotritins A-E(1-5),were rapidly recognized and isolated from two species of Myrtaceae by employing the building blocks-based molecular network(BBMN)strategy.Compound...The first phloroglucinol-triterpenoid hybrids,myrtphlotritins A-E(1-5),were rapidly recognized and isolated from two species of Myrtaceae by employing the building blocks-based molecular network(BBMN)strategy.Compounds 1-5 featured new carbon skeletons in which phloroglucinol derivatives were coupled with lupane-and dammarane-type triterpenoids through different linkage patterns.Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data and quantum chemical calculations.Biosynthetic pathways for compounds 1-5 were proposed on the basis of the coexisting precursors.Guided by the biogenetic pathways,the biomimetic synthesis of compound 1 was also achieved.Additionally,compounds 2,3,and 5 exhibited potent antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus type-1(HSV-1)infection,and compounds 2 and 5 displayed significant anti-inflammatory activities on RAW264.7 cells.展开更多
Further insights on the secondary metabolites of a soft coral-derived fungus Aspergillus versicolor under the guidance of MS/MS-based molecular networking led to the isolation of seven known cycloheptapeptides,namely,...Further insights on the secondary metabolites of a soft coral-derived fungus Aspergillus versicolor under the guidance of MS/MS-based molecular networking led to the isolation of seven known cycloheptapeptides,namely,asperversiamides A–C(1–3)and asperheptatides A–D(4–7)and an unusual pyrroloindoline-containing new cycloheptapeptide,asperpyrroindotide A(8).The structure of 8 was elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis,and its absolute configuration was determined by advanced Marfey’s method.The semisynthetic transformation of 1 into 8 was successfully achieved and the reaction conditions were optimized.Additionally,a series of new derivatives(10−19)of asperversiamide A(1)was semi-synthesized and their anti-tubercular activities were evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra.The preliminary structure−activity relationships revealed that the serine hydroxy groups and the tryptophan residue are important to the activity.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to screen lavandulyl flavonoids with anti-inflammatory activity from Sophora flavescens.[Methods]35 compounds were screened from traditional Chinese medicine S.flavescens using the...[Objectives]This study was conducted to screen lavandulyl flavonoids with anti-inflammatory activity from Sophora flavescens.[Methods]35 compounds were screened from traditional Chinese medicine S.flavescens using the nitric oxide(NO)anti-inflammatory activity model.[Results]Five components,8(xanthohumol),13(kurarinol),27(4-methoxysalicylic acid),28(b-resorcic acid)and 30(b-resorcic acid),exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity,with IC 50 values of 5.99,4.76,6.96,3.41 and 5.22μM,respectively.Especially,8(xanthohumol)and 13(kurarinol)were typical lavandulyl flavonoids in S.flavescens,which were worth further exploration.Furthermore,UPLC-Q-Exactive and GNPS molecular networking technique were used for rapid analysis of lavandulyl flavonoids from S.flavescens.A total of 15 components were identified.[Conclusions]This work lays a theoretical foundation for further separation and analysis of lavandulyl flavonoids with anti-inflammatory activity from S.flavescens.展开更多
Marine fungi are potentially important resources for bioactive lead compounds for discovering new drugs for diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.In this paper,the combined bioassay model of acetylcholinesterase(AC...Marine fungi are potentially important resources for bioactive lead compounds for discovering new drugs for diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.In this paper,the combined bioassay model of acetylcholinesterase(AChE)inhibition,1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)free radical scavenging,and Artemi ci larval lethality was used to evaluate the activity and toxicity of 35 n narine fun gal strains from seas around China.Their bioactive constitue nfs were revealed by thin layer chromatography(TLC)autography,bioactivity coupled LC-MS/MS and Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking(GNPS).The results show that the extracts of five strains exhibited higher AChE inhibition ratios than the positive control compound,'tacrine;for which the ratio was 89.8%at 200 pig/ml.Six strains displayed both AChE inhibition(inhibition ratios>20%at 200 pg/ml)and DPPH scavenging activity(scavenging ratios>30%at 200 pg/ml)together with low Artemia larval toxicity(lethal rates<12%).TLC autography showed that the fractioned extracts of four strains contained highly diverse and different bioactive constituents,includi ng strains Talaromyces sp.C2\-\,Aspergillus ter re us C23-3,Trichoderma harzianum DLEN2008005,and Penicillium corylophilum TBG1-17.From the most potent sample F-l 1-1-b(derived from Aspergillus tern us C23-3),five AChE inhibitors and seven antioxida nts were recognized as bioactive molecules by AChE coupled ultrafiltration followed by LC-MS/MS,and LC-MS/MS coupled with DPPH incubation.Furthermore,with the aid of GNPS,the AChE inhibitors were plausibly annotated as territrem analogues including territrems A-C/D,arisugacin A and an unknown compound 4,and the seven antioxidants were assigned as butyrolactone I.aspernolide E,a phenolic derivative and possibly unknown compounds 8-10 and 12.展开更多
Steroid saponins are secondary metabolites with multiple medicinal values that are found in large quantities in natural medicines,especially Vernonia amygdalina,a famous nature medicine for the treatment of tonsilliti...Steroid saponins are secondary metabolites with multiple medicinal values that are found in large quantities in natural medicines,especially Vernonia amygdalina,a famous nature medicine for the treatment of tonsillitis,diabetes,pneumonia.The current study was designed to combine molecular networking(MN)with diagnostic ions for rapid identification ofΔ^(7,9(11))stigmastane-type saponins which were theα-glucosidase inhibitory active substances in V.amygdalina.First,theα-glucosidase inhibitory activities of fiveΔ^(7,9(11))stigmastane-type steroid saponins that were previously isolated were screened,which indicated that theΔ^(7,9(11))stigmastane-type steroid saponin was one of the active constituents responsible for ameliorating diabetes.Furthermore,a strategy was proposed to identify stigmastane-type steroid saponins and verify the plausibility of derived fragmentation pathways by applying MN,MolNetEnhancer and unsupervised substructure annotation(MS2LDA).Based on this strategy,other sevenΔ^(7,9(11))stigmastane-type steroid saponins were identified from this plant.Our research provide scientific evidence for the antidiabetic potential of the steroid saponin-rich extract of V.amygdalina leaf.展开更多
Gastric cancer(GC),the third leading cause of cancer-related death globally,is complex and heterogeneous.This review explores multidisciplinary investigations of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)combined with Western ...Gastric cancer(GC),the third leading cause of cancer-related death globally,is complex and heterogeneous.This review explores multidisciplinary investigations of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)combined with Western medical practices,emphasizing the development of nutraceuticals for cancer prevention.Using advanced analytical chemistry and food chemistry techniques,this study investigated how TCM components may be optimized for nutraceutical development.Focusing on molecular interactions with GC pathways,particularly the NF-κB,PI3K/Akt,and Wnt/β-catenin pathways,we examined the effects of TCM polyherbal formulas,extracts,and isolated compounds.These agents modulate apoptosis and cellular proliferation,underscoring their potential in preventive strategies.The convergence of nutraceutical and medicine food homology studies highlights a significant shift towards integrating TCM-derived compounds in a preventive health framework.This approach aims not only to enhance efficacy and reduce side effects but also to champion a preventive paradigm using personalized medicine to advance proactive health maintenance and disease prevention.The combination of TCM and western medical practices offers promising avenues for future research and practical applications in GC prevention.展开更多
The completion of genome sequences and subsequent high-throughput mapping of molecular networks have allowed us to study biology from the network perspective. Experimental, statistical and mathematical modeling approa...The completion of genome sequences and subsequent high-throughput mapping of molecular networks have allowed us to study biology from the network perspective. Experimental, statistical and mathematical modeling approaches have been employed to study the structure, function and dynamics of molecular networks, and begin to reveal important links of various network properties to the functions of the biological systems. In agreement with these functional links, evolutionary selection of a network is apparently based on the function, rather than directly on the structure of the network. Dynamic modularity is one of the prominent features of molecular networks. Taking advantage of such a feature may simplify network-based biological studies through construction of process-specific modular networks and provide functional and mechanistic insights linking genotypic variations to complex traits or diseases, which is likely to be a key approach in the next wave of understanding complex human diseases. With the development of ready-to-use network analysis and modeling tools the networks approaches will be infused into everyday biological research in the near future.展开更多
Hypoxia is a common pathological process in various clinical diseases and is characterized by abnormal changes in metabolism, function, and morphological structure of tissues resulting from insufficient oxygen supply ...Hypoxia is a common pathological process in various clinical diseases and is characterized by abnormal changes in metabolism, function, and morphological structure of tissues resulting from insufficient oxygen supply or oxygen barriers in tissues. In particular, hypoxia in vital organs such as the brain and heart is an important cause of death;. The prevention of tissue hypoxia and the展开更多
Pre-metastatic niches(PMNs)are the microenvi-ronments prepared by the interaction of tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment for the colonization of circulating tumor cells at distant metastatic sites and bef...Pre-metastatic niches(PMNs)are the microenvi-ronments prepared by the interaction of tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment for the colonization of circulating tumor cells at distant metastatic sites and before metastasis and spreading.The formation of PMNs includes processes such as vascular leakage and permeability changes,coagulation abnor-malities,extracellular matrix remodeling,migration and recruit-ment of bone marrow-derived cells,and immunosuppression,in which tumor-derived exosomes,tumor-derived soluble factors(TDSFs),bone marrow-derived cells(BMDCs),etc.are crucial in this process.This article focuses on the pre-metastasis microen-vironment,in-depth analysis of representative factors such as tumor-derived secretory factors,exosomes,bone marrow-derived cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells,and other molecular network mechanisms involved in the formation of PMNs,and introduces tumors The characteristics of the metastatic cascade and the selection of organ parts outline the different roles of related molecules in the regulation of metastasis.That provide an effective reference value in order to better understand the mechanisms of tumor metastasis,tumor metastasis look for potential markers and diagnosis and treatment of cancer.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the relationship of changes in expression of marker genes in functional categories or molecular networks comprising one functional category or multiple categories in progression of hepatic fibrosis...AIM: To investigate the relationship of changes in expression of marker genes in functional categories or molecular networks comprising one functional category or multiple categories in progression of hepatic fibrosis in hepatitis C (HCV) patients. METHODS: Marker genes were initially identified using DNA microarray data from a rat liver fibrosis model. The expression level of each fibrosis associated marker gene was analyzed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in clinical biopsy specimens from HCV-positive patients (n = 61). Analysis of changes in expression patterns and interactions of marker genes in functional categories was used to assess the biological mechanism of fibrosis. RESULTS: The profile data showed several biological changes associated with progression of hepatic fibrosis. Clustered genes in functional categories showed sequential changes in expression. Several sets of clustered genes, including those related to the extracellular matrix (ECM), inflammation, lipid metabolism, steroid metabolism, and some transcription factors important for hepatic biology showed expression changes in the immediate early phase (F1/F2) of fibrosis. Genes associated with aromatic amino acid (AA) metabolism, sulfur-containing AA metabolism and insulin/ Wnt signaling showed expression changes in the middle phase (F2/F3), and some genes related to glucose metabolism showed altered expression in the late phase of fibrosis (F3/F4). Therefore, molecular networks showing serial changes in gene expression are present in liver fibrosis progression in hepatitis C patients. CONCLUSION: Analysis of gene expression profiles from a perspective of functional categories or molecular networks provides an understanding of disease and suggests new diagnostic methods. Selected marker genes have potential utility for biological identification of advanced fibrosis.展开更多
Wetland ecosystems are the most important natural methane(CH_(4))sources,whose fluxes periodically fluctuate.Methanogens(methane producers)and methanotrophs(methane consumers)are considered key factors affecting CH_(4...Wetland ecosystems are the most important natural methane(CH_(4))sources,whose fluxes periodically fluctuate.Methanogens(methane producers)and methanotrophs(methane consumers)are considered key factors affecting CH_(4)fluxes in wetlands.However,the symbiotic relationship between methanogens and methanotrophs remains unclear.To help close this research gap,we collected and analyzed samples from four soil depths in the Dajiuhu subalpine peatland in January,April,July,and October 2019 and acquired seasonal methane flux data from an eddy covariance(EC)system,and investigated relationships.A phylogenetic molecular ecological networks(pMENs)analysis was used to identify keystone species and the seasonal variations of the co-occurrence patterns of methanogenic and methanotrophic communities.The results indicate that the seasonal variations of the interactions between methanogenic and methanotrophic communities contributed to CH_(4)emissions in wetlands.The keystone species discerned by the network analysis also showed their importance in mediating CH_(4)fluxes.Methane(CH_(4))emissions in wetlands were lowest in spring;during this period,the most complex interactions between microbes were observed,with intense competition among methanogens while methanotrophs demonstrated better cooperation.Reverse patterns manifested themselves in summer when the highest CH_(4)flux was observed.Methanoregula formicica was negatively correlated with CH_(4)fluxes and occupied the largest ecological niches in the spring network.In contrast,both Methanocella arvoryzae and Methylocystaceae demonstrated positive correlations with CH_(4)fluxes and were better adapted to the microbial community in the summer.In addition,soil temperature and nitrogen were regarded as significant environmental factors to CH_(4)fluxes.This study was successful in explaining the seasonal patterns and microbial driving mechanisms of CH_(4)emissions in wetlands.展开更多
After establishing hemi-Parkinsonian rat models, the relationships between neuron death and the expression of several proteins, such as c-Fos, GFAP, GDNF, NF-κB and some cytokines were determined. Therapeutics experi...After establishing hemi-Parkinsonian rat models, the relationships between neuron death and the expression of several proteins, such as c-Fos, GFAP, GDNF, NF-κB and some cytokines were determined. Therapeutics experiments with notoginsenoside-Rg1 were carried out. The research results show that the expressions of GFAP, NF-Kκ and c-Fos will obviously increase in the lesion side of the striatum and the expression of GDNF will decrease, which implies that the signal transduction pathway may participate in the apoptosis in neurons. The levels of some cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β in the striatum of PD rat models increased compared to those of normal rats. The results of the therapeutics experiments show that notoginsenoside-Rg1 may repress the immune inflammation response and regulate the immune function through the neuro-immune molecular network. Therefore, notoginsenoside-Rg1 can be used as an effective drug for anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation, and can be used in the therapy of Parkinson＇s disease（PD）.展开更多
In Brassica napus L.(rapeseed),complete genic male sterility(GMS)plays an important role in the utilization of heterosis.Although microRNAs(miRNAs)play essential regulatory roles during bud development,knowledge of ho...In Brassica napus L.(rapeseed),complete genic male sterility(GMS)plays an important role in the utilization of heterosis.Although microRNAs(miRNAs)play essential regulatory roles during bud development,knowledge of how GMS is regulated by miRNAs in rapeseed is rather limited.In this study,we obtained a novel recessive GMS system,CN12AB.The sterile line CN12A has defects in tapetal diferentiation and degradation.llumina sequencing was employed to examine the expression of miRNAs in the buds of CN12A and the fertile line CN12B.We identifed 85 known miRNAs and 120 novel miRNAs that were expressed during rapeseed anther development.When comparing the expression levels of miRNAs between CN12A and CN12B,19 and 18 known miRNAs were found to be difrentially expressed in 0.5--1.0 mm buds and in 2.5--3.0 mm buds,respectively.Among these,the expression levels of 14 miRNAs were higher and the levels of 23 miRNAs were lower in CN12A compared with CN12B.The predicted target genes of these iferentially expressed miRNAS encode protein kinases,F-box domain-containing proteins,MADS-box family proteins,SBP-box gene family members,HD ZIP proteins,floral homeotic protein APETAL A 2(AP2)。and nuclear factor Y,subunit A.These targets have previously been reported to be involved in pollen development and male sterility,suggesting that miRNAs might act as regulators of GMS in rapeseed anthers.Furthermore,RT-qPCR data suggest that one of the dffrentially expressed miRNAs,bna-miR159,plays a role in tapetal differentiation by regulating the expression of transcription factor BnMYB101 and participates in tapetal degradation and infuences callose degradation by manipulating the expression of BnA6.These findings contibute to our understanding of the roles of miRNAs during anther development and the occurrence of GMS in rapeseed.展开更多
The accomplishment of further optimization of crop productivity in grain yield and quality is a great challenge.Grain size is one of the crucial determinants of rice yield and quality;all of these traits are typical q...The accomplishment of further optimization of crop productivity in grain yield and quality is a great challenge.Grain size is one of the crucial determinants of rice yield and quality;all of these traits are typical quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes.Research advances have revealed several molecular and developmental pathways that govern these traits of agronomical importance.This review provides a comprehensive summary of these pathways,including those mediated by G-protein,the ubiquitin–proteasome system,mitogen-activated protein kinase,phytohormone,transcriptional regulators,and storage product biosynthesis and accumulation.We also generalize the excellent precedents for rice variety improvement of grain size and quality,which utilize newly developed gene editing and conventional gene pyramiding capabilities.In addition,we discuss the rational and accurate breeding strategies,with the aim of better applying molecular design to breed high-yield and superior-quality varieties.展开更多
This editorial will focus on and discuss growing artificial intelligence(AI)and the utilization of AI in human cancer therapy.The databases and big data related to genomes,genes,proteins and molecular networks are rap...This editorial will focus on and discuss growing artificial intelligence(AI)and the utilization of AI in human cancer therapy.The databases and big data related to genomes,genes,proteins and molecular networks are rapidly increasing all worldwide where information on human diseases,including cancer and infection resides.To overcome diseases,prevention and therapeutics are being developed with the abundant data analyzed by AI.AI has so much potential for handling considerable data,which requires some orientation and ambition.Appropriate interpretation of AI is essential for understanding disease mechanisms and finding targets for prevention and therapeutics.Collaboration with AI to extract the essence of cancer data and model intelligent networks will be explored.The utilization of AI can provide humans with a predictive future in disease mechanisms and treatment as well as prevention.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 22264003,42090041 and 42030502the Guangxi Natural Science Fund Project under contract Nos AD17129063,AA17204074 and 2018GXNSFAA281354the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of College Students from Guangxi University under contract Nos 202210593888 and202210593890。
文摘The chemical diversity of scleractinian corals is closely related to their physiological,ecological,and evolutionary status,and can be influenced by both genetic background and environmental variables.To investigate intraspecific variation in the metabolites of these corals,the metabolomes of four species(Pocillopora meandrina,Seriatopora hystrix,Acropora formosa,and Fungia fungites)from the South China Sea were analyzed using untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics.The results showed that a variety of metabolites,including amino acids,peptides,lipids,and other small molecules,were differentially distributed among the four species,leading to their significant separation in principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering plots.The higher content of storage lipids in branching corals(P.meandrina,S.hystrix,and A.formosa)compared to the solitary coral(F.fungites)may be due to the high densities of zooxanthellae in their tissues.The high content of aromatic amino acids in P.meandrina may help the coral protect against ultraviolet damage and promote growth in shallow seawater,while nitrogen-rich compounds may enable S.hystrix to survive in various challenging environments.The metabolites enriched in F.fungites,including amino acids,dipeptides,phospholipids,and other small molecules,may be related to the composition of the coral's mucus and its life-history,such as its ability to move freely and live solitarily.Studying the chemical diversity of scleractinian corals not only provides insight into their environmental adaptation,but also holds potential for the chemotaxonomy of corals and the discovery of novel bioactive natural products.
基金the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine(Grant No.CBCM2020104).
文摘Objective:Lingzhihuang capsule(LZHC)is a natural product that consists of 10 commonly used medicinal plants,and it is used in traditional Chinese medicine to promote people’s overall health.Previously,LZHC was successfully used as adjuvant therapy for treating patients with cancer.However,the chemical constituents of LZHC and their potential biological functions remain unclear.The aim of this study is to investigate the major bioactive compounds in LZHC and predict their pharmacological targets.Methods:The LZHC constituents were putatively identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with timeof-flight mass spectrometry combined with mass spectrometry-based molecular networking.The targets were predicted using SwissTargetPrediction software,and the associated gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways were analyzed using the Database for Annotation,Visualization,and Integrated Discovery.The mass spectrometry-based molecular network and compound-target-pathway network were constructed using Cytoscape 3.8.0 software.Results:We putatively identified 94 compounds of LZHC by mass spectrometry-based molecular networking,including triterpene(the main structural type)and other clusters(ie,flavonoids and organic acids).Our results suggested that multiple pivotal targets were regulated by LZHC,including tumor necrosis factor,nitric oxide synthase 2,glucocorticoid receptor,estrogen receptor,3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 2,prostaglandin e2 receptor ep4 subtype,estrogen receptor beta,phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform,mitogen-activated protein kinase 3,and racalpha serine,which are related to signal transduction,positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoters,oxidation-reduction processes,inflammatory responses,and other biological processes.Functional annotation of those targets suggested that several signaling pathways may be regulated by LZHC,such as cancer-related proteoglycans,the PI3K-Aktsignaling pathway,and the cAMP-signaling pathway.Conclusions:Our findings reveal the chemical constituents of LZHC and provided scientific support for the efficacy of LZHC in terms of immune regulation,anti-aging,and tumor suppression.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.:2018YFC1704502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:81603268)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:81822047)
文摘Natural products are great treasure troves for the discovery of bioactive components.Current bioassay guided fractionation for identification of bioactive components is time-and workload-consuming.In this study,we proposed a robust and convenient strategy for deciphering the bioactive profile of natural products by mass spectral molecular networking combined with rapid bioassay.As a proof-of-concept,the strategy was applied to identify angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitors of Fangjihuangqi decoction(FJHQD),a traditional medicine clinically used for the treatment of heart failure.The chemical profile of FJHQD was comprehensively revealed with the assistance of tandem mass spectral molecular networking,and a total of 165 compounds were identified.With characterized constituents,potential clinical applications of FJHQD were predicted by Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mech ANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and a range of cardiovascular related diseases were significantly enriched.ACE inhibitory activities of FJHQD and its constituents were then investigated with an aggregation-induced emission based fluorescent probe.FJHQD exhibited excellent ACE inhibitory effects,and a bioactive molecular network was established to elucidate the ACE inhibitory profile of constituents in FJHQD.This bioactive molecular network provided a panoramic view of FJHQD’s ACE inhibitory activities,which demonstrated that flavones from Astragali Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,saponins from Astragali Radix,and sesquiterpenoids from Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma were principal components responsible for this effect of FJHQD.Among them,four novel ACE inhibitors were the first to be reported.Our study indicated that the proposed strategy offers a useful approach to uncover the bioactive profile of traditional medicines and provides a pragmatic workflow for exploring bioactive components.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3503902,China)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82293681(82293680)+6 种基金82321004,82204234,and 82273822,China)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2022B1515120015 and 2021A1515111021,China)the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(No.2023B0303000026,China)the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities Joint Laboratory for the Internationalization of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.2023LSYS002,China)the Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine&Disease Susceptibility(No.2024A03J090,China)the Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou(No.202102070001,China)supported by the high-performance computing platform of Jinan University.
文摘The building blocks-based molecular network(BBMN)strategy was applied to the phytochemical investigation of Cleistocalyx operculatus,leading to the targeted isolation of eighteen novel cinnamoylphloroglucinol-terpene adducts(CPTAs)with diverse skeleton types(cleistoperones A-R,1-18).Their structures including absolute configurations were determined by extensive spectroscopic methods,quantum chemical calculations,and single-crystal X-ray crystallographic experiments.Cleistoperone A(1),consisting of a cinnamoylphloroglucinol motif and two linear monoterpene moieties,represents an unprecedented macrocyclic CPTA,whose densely functionalized tricyclo[15.3.1.0^(3,8)]heneicosane bridge ring skeleton contains an enolizableβ,β′-triketone system and two different kinds of stereogenic elements(including five point and three planar chiralities).Cleistoperones B and C(2 and 3)are two new skeletal CPTAs with an unusual coupling pattern between the(nor)monoterpene moiety and the cinnamoyl chain of the cinnamoylphloroglucinol unit.Cleistoperone D(4)possesses an unprecedented cage-like 6/6/6/4/6-fused heteropentacyclic scaffold.The plausible biosynthetic pathways for 1-18 were also proposed.Notably,compounds 1,4,7,8,and 18 exhibited significant antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus(RSV).The most potent one,cleistoperone A(1)with IC_(50) value of 1.71±0.61μmol/L,could effectively inhibit virus replication via affecting the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82073736,81872766)Science and Technology Planning Project of Liaoning Province(No.2021JH1/10400049)Liaoning revitalization talents program(Nos.XLYC2002066,XLYC2007180).
文摘Under the guidance of the approach which integrates molecular networking,MolNetEnhancer and Net-work Annotation Propagation(NAP),daphnaltaicanoids A and B(1 and 2)with unprecedented 9-oxa-tetracyclo[6.6.1.0^(2,6).0^(8,13)]pentadecane and tetracyclo[5.3.0.1^(2,5).2^(4,11)]tridecane central frameworks were iso-lated from Daphne altaica Pall.,representing two types of unparalleled meroterpenoid cores.Their struc-tures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)calcula-tions,DP4+analysis and electronic circular dichroism(ECD)calculations.The plausible biosynthetic path-ways for 1 and 2 were postulated.Biologically,2 exerted potent neuroprotective activities which were su-perior to trolox at 12.5 and 25μmol/L.Moreover,1 and 2 exhibited more noticeable acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities than donepezil.Molecular docking simulations were performed to explore the inter-molecular interaction of compounds 1 and 2 with acetylcholinesterase.The bioactivity evaluation results highlight the prospects of 1 and 2 as a novel category of neurological agents.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2020B1515120066 and 2022A1515010010)the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Nos.82293681(82293680)and 82273822]+3 种基金the Science and Technology Key Project of Guangdong Province(No.2020B1111110004)the Local Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program(No.2017BT01Y036)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe support of K.C.Wong Education Foundation。
文摘The first phloroglucinol-triterpenoid hybrids,myrtphlotritins A-E(1-5),were rapidly recognized and isolated from two species of Myrtaceae by employing the building blocks-based molecular network(BBMN)strategy.Compounds 1-5 featured new carbon skeletons in which phloroglucinol derivatives were coupled with lupane-and dammarane-type triterpenoids through different linkage patterns.Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data and quantum chemical calculations.Biosynthetic pathways for compounds 1-5 were proposed on the basis of the coexisting precursors.Guided by the biogenetic pathways,the biomimetic synthesis of compound 1 was also achieved.Additionally,compounds 2,3,and 5 exhibited potent antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus type-1(HSV-1)infection,and compounds 2 and 5 displayed significant anti-inflammatory activities on RAW264.7 cells.
基金This work was supported by the Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41906090,81874300,42006092,U1706210,41776141 and 41322037)the Program of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China(Nos.JQ201510 and ZR2019BD047)+1 种基金Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education,Hainan Normal University(RDZH2021003)the Taishan Scholars Program,China(No.tsqn20161010).
文摘Further insights on the secondary metabolites of a soft coral-derived fungus Aspergillus versicolor under the guidance of MS/MS-based molecular networking led to the isolation of seven known cycloheptapeptides,namely,asperversiamides A–C(1–3)and asperheptatides A–D(4–7)and an unusual pyrroloindoline-containing new cycloheptapeptide,asperpyrroindotide A(8).The structure of 8 was elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis,and its absolute configuration was determined by advanced Marfey’s method.The semisynthetic transformation of 1 into 8 was successfully achieved and the reaction conditions were optimized.Additionally,a series of new derivatives(10−19)of asperversiamide A(1)was semi-synthesized and their anti-tubercular activities were evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra.The preliminary structure−activity relationships revealed that the serine hydroxy groups and the tryptophan residue are important to the activity.
基金Supported by Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology(ZK(2022)-362,ZK(2024)-047,[2023]ZK01)The Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for Undergraduates from China[202210660131,202310660082]+2 种基金Science Foundation of Guizhou Education Technology(2022-064)University Engineering Research Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases by Authentic Medicinal Materials in Guizhou Province([2023]035)Science and Technology Research Project of Guizhou Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(QZYY-2024-134).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to screen lavandulyl flavonoids with anti-inflammatory activity from Sophora flavescens.[Methods]35 compounds were screened from traditional Chinese medicine S.flavescens using the nitric oxide(NO)anti-inflammatory activity model.[Results]Five components,8(xanthohumol),13(kurarinol),27(4-methoxysalicylic acid),28(b-resorcic acid)and 30(b-resorcic acid),exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity,with IC 50 values of 5.99,4.76,6.96,3.41 and 5.22μM,respectively.Especially,8(xanthohumol)and 13(kurarinol)were typical lavandulyl flavonoids in S.flavescens,which were worth further exploration.Furthermore,UPLC-Q-Exactive and GNPS molecular networking technique were used for rapid analysis of lavandulyl flavonoids from S.flavescens.A total of 15 components were identified.[Conclusions]This work lays a theoretical foundation for further separation and analysis of lavandulyl flavonoids with anti-inflammatory activity from S.flavescens.
基金This work was supported by the Yangfan Talent Project of Guangdong Province under Grant 201433009the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province under Grant 2018A030307046+7 种基金the Basic Research Project of Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission under Grant JCYJ20190813105005619the Shenzhen Dapeng New District Industrial Development Fund under Grants KY20180203&PT201901-05the Shenzhen Dapeng New District Scientific and Technological Research and Development Fund under Grant KJYF202001-07the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 21807015the Program for Scientific Research Start-Up Funds of Guangdong Ocean University under Grant E15155the Applied S&T Research and Development Major Project of Guangdong Province under Grant 2016B020235001the Scientific Fund of the Zhanjiang Municipal Oceanic and Fishery Bureau under Grant A18018the Project of Enhancing School with Innovation of Guangdong Ocean University(230420022).
文摘Marine fungi are potentially important resources for bioactive lead compounds for discovering new drugs for diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.In this paper,the combined bioassay model of acetylcholinesterase(AChE)inhibition,1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)free radical scavenging,and Artemi ci larval lethality was used to evaluate the activity and toxicity of 35 n narine fun gal strains from seas around China.Their bioactive constitue nfs were revealed by thin layer chromatography(TLC)autography,bioactivity coupled LC-MS/MS and Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking(GNPS).The results show that the extracts of five strains exhibited higher AChE inhibition ratios than the positive control compound,'tacrine;for which the ratio was 89.8%at 200 pig/ml.Six strains displayed both AChE inhibition(inhibition ratios>20%at 200 pg/ml)and DPPH scavenging activity(scavenging ratios>30%at 200 pg/ml)together with low Artemia larval toxicity(lethal rates<12%).TLC autography showed that the fractioned extracts of four strains contained highly diverse and different bioactive constituents,includi ng strains Talaromyces sp.C2\-\,Aspergillus ter re us C23-3,Trichoderma harzianum DLEN2008005,and Penicillium corylophilum TBG1-17.From the most potent sample F-l 1-1-b(derived from Aspergillus tern us C23-3),five AChE inhibitors and seven antioxida nts were recognized as bioactive molecules by AChE coupled ultrafiltration followed by LC-MS/MS,and LC-MS/MS coupled with DPPH incubation.Furthermore,with the aid of GNPS,the AChE inhibitors were plausibly annotated as territrem analogues including territrems A-C/D,arisugacin A and an unknown compound 4,and the seven antioxidants were assigned as butyrolactone I.aspernolide E,a phenolic derivative and possibly unknown compounds 8-10 and 12.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81573550)。
文摘Steroid saponins are secondary metabolites with multiple medicinal values that are found in large quantities in natural medicines,especially Vernonia amygdalina,a famous nature medicine for the treatment of tonsillitis,diabetes,pneumonia.The current study was designed to combine molecular networking(MN)with diagnostic ions for rapid identification ofΔ^(7,9(11))stigmastane-type saponins which were theα-glucosidase inhibitory active substances in V.amygdalina.First,theα-glucosidase inhibitory activities of fiveΔ^(7,9(11))stigmastane-type steroid saponins that were previously isolated were screened,which indicated that theΔ^(7,9(11))stigmastane-type steroid saponin was one of the active constituents responsible for ameliorating diabetes.Furthermore,a strategy was proposed to identify stigmastane-type steroid saponins and verify the plausibility of derived fragmentation pathways by applying MN,MolNetEnhancer and unsupervised substructure annotation(MS2LDA).Based on this strategy,other sevenΔ^(7,9(11))stigmastane-type steroid saponins were identified from this plant.Our research provide scientific evidence for the antidiabetic potential of the steroid saponin-rich extract of V.amygdalina leaf.
文摘Gastric cancer(GC),the third leading cause of cancer-related death globally,is complex and heterogeneous.This review explores multidisciplinary investigations of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)combined with Western medical practices,emphasizing the development of nutraceuticals for cancer prevention.Using advanced analytical chemistry and food chemistry techniques,this study investigated how TCM components may be optimized for nutraceutical development.Focusing on molecular interactions with GC pathways,particularly the NF-κB,PI3K/Akt,and Wnt/β-catenin pathways,we examined the effects of TCM polyherbal formulas,extracts,and isolated compounds.These agents modulate apoptosis and cellular proliferation,underscoring their potential in preventive strategies.The convergence of nutraceutical and medicine food homology studies highlights a significant shift towards integrating TCM-derived compounds in a preventive health framework.This approach aims not only to enhance efficacy and reduce side effects but also to champion a preventive paradigm using personalized medicine to advance proactive health maintenance and disease prevention.The combination of TCM and western medical practices offers promising avenues for future research and practical applications in GC prevention.
文摘The completion of genome sequences and subsequent high-throughput mapping of molecular networks have allowed us to study biology from the network perspective. Experimental, statistical and mathematical modeling approaches have been employed to study the structure, function and dynamics of molecular networks, and begin to reveal important links of various network properties to the functions of the biological systems. In agreement with these functional links, evolutionary selection of a network is apparently based on the function, rather than directly on the structure of the network. Dynamic modularity is one of the prominent features of molecular networks. Taking advantage of such a feature may simplify network-based biological studies through construction of process-specific modular networks and provide functional and mechanistic insights linking genotypic variations to complex traits or diseases, which is likely to be a key approach in the next wave of understanding complex human diseases. With the development of ready-to-use network analysis and modeling tools the networks approaches will be infused into everyday biological research in the near future.
基金financially supported by 1226 major project [Grant no.AWS16J018]
文摘Hypoxia is a common pathological process in various clinical diseases and is characterized by abnormal changes in metabolism, function, and morphological structure of tissues resulting from insufficient oxygen supply or oxygen barriers in tissues. In particular, hypoxia in vital organs such as the brain and heart is an important cause of death;. The prevention of tissue hypoxia and the
文摘Pre-metastatic niches(PMNs)are the microenvi-ronments prepared by the interaction of tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment for the colonization of circulating tumor cells at distant metastatic sites and before metastasis and spreading.The formation of PMNs includes processes such as vascular leakage and permeability changes,coagulation abnor-malities,extracellular matrix remodeling,migration and recruit-ment of bone marrow-derived cells,and immunosuppression,in which tumor-derived exosomes,tumor-derived soluble factors(TDSFs),bone marrow-derived cells(BMDCs),etc.are crucial in this process.This article focuses on the pre-metastasis microen-vironment,in-depth analysis of representative factors such as tumor-derived secretory factors,exosomes,bone marrow-derived cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells,and other molecular network mechanisms involved in the formation of PMNs,and introduces tumors The characteristics of the metastatic cascade and the selection of organ parts outline the different roles of related molecules in the regulation of metastasis.That provide an effective reference value in order to better understand the mechanisms of tumor metastasis,tumor metastasis look for potential markers and diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
文摘AIM: To investigate the relationship of changes in expression of marker genes in functional categories or molecular networks comprising one functional category or multiple categories in progression of hepatic fibrosis in hepatitis C (HCV) patients. METHODS: Marker genes were initially identified using DNA microarray data from a rat liver fibrosis model. The expression level of each fibrosis associated marker gene was analyzed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in clinical biopsy specimens from HCV-positive patients (n = 61). Analysis of changes in expression patterns and interactions of marker genes in functional categories was used to assess the biological mechanism of fibrosis. RESULTS: The profile data showed several biological changes associated with progression of hepatic fibrosis. Clustered genes in functional categories showed sequential changes in expression. Several sets of clustered genes, including those related to the extracellular matrix (ECM), inflammation, lipid metabolism, steroid metabolism, and some transcription factors important for hepatic biology showed expression changes in the immediate early phase (F1/F2) of fibrosis. Genes associated with aromatic amino acid (AA) metabolism, sulfur-containing AA metabolism and insulin/ Wnt signaling showed expression changes in the middle phase (F2/F3), and some genes related to glucose metabolism showed altered expression in the late phase of fibrosis (F3/F4). Therefore, molecular networks showing serial changes in gene expression are present in liver fibrosis progression in hepatitis C patients. CONCLUSION: Analysis of gene expression profiles from a perspective of functional categories or molecular networks provides an understanding of disease and suggests new diagnostic methods. Selected marker genes have potential utility for biological identification of advanced fibrosis.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31971490).
文摘Wetland ecosystems are the most important natural methane(CH_(4))sources,whose fluxes periodically fluctuate.Methanogens(methane producers)and methanotrophs(methane consumers)are considered key factors affecting CH_(4)fluxes in wetlands.However,the symbiotic relationship between methanogens and methanotrophs remains unclear.To help close this research gap,we collected and analyzed samples from four soil depths in the Dajiuhu subalpine peatland in January,April,July,and October 2019 and acquired seasonal methane flux data from an eddy covariance(EC)system,and investigated relationships.A phylogenetic molecular ecological networks(pMENs)analysis was used to identify keystone species and the seasonal variations of the co-occurrence patterns of methanogenic and methanotrophic communities.The results indicate that the seasonal variations of the interactions between methanogenic and methanotrophic communities contributed to CH_(4)emissions in wetlands.The keystone species discerned by the network analysis also showed their importance in mediating CH_(4)fluxes.Methane(CH_(4))emissions in wetlands were lowest in spring;during this period,the most complex interactions between microbes were observed,with intense competition among methanogens while methanotrophs demonstrated better cooperation.Reverse patterns manifested themselves in summer when the highest CH_(4)flux was observed.Methanoregula formicica was negatively correlated with CH_(4)fluxes and occupied the largest ecological niches in the spring network.In contrast,both Methanocella arvoryzae and Methylocystaceae demonstrated positive correlations with CH_(4)fluxes and were better adapted to the microbial community in the summer.In addition,soil temperature and nitrogen were regarded as significant environmental factors to CH_(4)fluxes.This study was successful in explaining the seasonal patterns and microbial driving mechanisms of CH_(4)emissions in wetlands.
文摘After establishing hemi-Parkinsonian rat models, the relationships between neuron death and the expression of several proteins, such as c-Fos, GFAP, GDNF, NF-κB and some cytokines were determined. Therapeutics experiments with notoginsenoside-Rg1 were carried out. The research results show that the expressions of GFAP, NF-Kκ and c-Fos will obviously increase in the lesion side of the striatum and the expression of GDNF will decrease, which implies that the signal transduction pathway may participate in the apoptosis in neurons. The levels of some cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β in the striatum of PD rat models increased compared to those of normal rats. The results of the therapeutics experiments show that notoginsenoside-Rg1 may repress the immune inflammation response and regulate the immune function through the neuro-immune molecular network. Therefore, notoginsenoside-Rg1 can be used as an effective drug for anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation, and can be used in the therapy of Parkinson＇s disease（PD）.
基金This project was supported by the National Key Research Program of China(2018YFD0100500)the Major Projects for New Varieties of Genetically Modified Organisms,China(2018ZX0801109B)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(2018GAAS04).
文摘In Brassica napus L.(rapeseed),complete genic male sterility(GMS)plays an important role in the utilization of heterosis.Although microRNAs(miRNAs)play essential regulatory roles during bud development,knowledge of how GMS is regulated by miRNAs in rapeseed is rather limited.In this study,we obtained a novel recessive GMS system,CN12AB.The sterile line CN12A has defects in tapetal diferentiation and degradation.llumina sequencing was employed to examine the expression of miRNAs in the buds of CN12A and the fertile line CN12B.We identifed 85 known miRNAs and 120 novel miRNAs that were expressed during rapeseed anther development.When comparing the expression levels of miRNAs between CN12A and CN12B,19 and 18 known miRNAs were found to be difrentially expressed in 0.5--1.0 mm buds and in 2.5--3.0 mm buds,respectively.Among these,the expression levels of 14 miRNAs were higher and the levels of 23 miRNAs were lower in CN12A compared with CN12B.The predicted target genes of these iferentially expressed miRNAS encode protein kinases,F-box domain-containing proteins,MADS-box family proteins,SBP-box gene family members,HD ZIP proteins,floral homeotic protein APETAL A 2(AP2)。and nuclear factor Y,subunit A.These targets have previously been reported to be involved in pollen development and male sterility,suggesting that miRNAs might act as regulators of GMS in rapeseed anthers.Furthermore,RT-qPCR data suggest that one of the dffrentially expressed miRNAs,bna-miR159,plays a role in tapetal differentiation by regulating the expression of transcription factor BnMYB101 and participates in tapetal degradation and infuences callose degradation by manipulating the expression of BnA6.These findings contibute to our understanding of the roles of miRNAs during anther development and the occurrence of GMS in rapeseed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32188102,32071993,31861143006,and U2004204)the Zhejiang Provincial“Ten Thousand Talent Program”Project(2019R52031)the Key Agricultural Technology Project(NK2022010302).
文摘The accomplishment of further optimization of crop productivity in grain yield and quality is a great challenge.Grain size is one of the crucial determinants of rice yield and quality;all of these traits are typical quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes.Research advances have revealed several molecular and developmental pathways that govern these traits of agronomical importance.This review provides a comprehensive summary of these pathways,including those mediated by G-protein,the ubiquitin–proteasome system,mitogen-activated protein kinase,phytohormone,transcriptional regulators,and storage product biosynthesis and accumulation.We also generalize the excellent precedents for rice variety improvement of grain size and quality,which utilize newly developed gene editing and conventional gene pyramiding capabilities.In addition,we discuss the rational and accurate breeding strategies,with the aim of better applying molecular design to breed high-yield and superior-quality varieties.
基金Supported by Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development(AMED),No.JP20ak0101093.
文摘This editorial will focus on and discuss growing artificial intelligence(AI)and the utilization of AI in human cancer therapy.The databases and big data related to genomes,genes,proteins and molecular networks are rapidly increasing all worldwide where information on human diseases,including cancer and infection resides.To overcome diseases,prevention and therapeutics are being developed with the abundant data analyzed by AI.AI has so much potential for handling considerable data,which requires some orientation and ambition.Appropriate interpretation of AI is essential for understanding disease mechanisms and finding targets for prevention and therapeutics.Collaboration with AI to extract the essence of cancer data and model intelligent networks will be explored.The utilization of AI can provide humans with a predictive future in disease mechanisms and treatment as well as prevention.
