The first record of abnormal body coloration in Sebastes koreanus Kim and Lee,1994,from the Yellow Sea of China,was documented based on morphological characteristics and DNA barcoding.The two rockfish specimens were c...The first record of abnormal body coloration in Sebastes koreanus Kim and Lee,1994,from the Yellow Sea of China,was documented based on morphological characteristics and DNA barcoding.The two rockfish specimens were collected from the coastal waters of Qingdao,China,and the whole body and all fins of them were red.Of the two red-colored rockfish,there were tiny deep red spots on each fin,2 red radial stripes behind and below the eyes and 1 large deep red blotch on the opercula,while the similar stripe and spot patterns are also present in the S.koreanus specimens with normal body coloration.The countable characteristics of the two specimens are in the range of the morphometry of S.koreanus.To further clarify the species identity and taxonomic status of the two specimens,DNA barcode analysis was carried out.The genetic distance between the red-colored rockfish and S.koreanus was 0,and the minimum net genetic distances between the red-colored rockfish and other Sebastes species except for S.koreanus were 3.0%,which exceeds the threshold of species delimitation.The phylogenetic analysis showed that the DNA barcoding sequences of the two red-colored rockfish clustered with the S.koreanus sequences.The above results of DNA barcode analysis also support that the two red-colored rockfish could be identified as the species of S.koreanus.The mechanism of color variation in S.koreanus is desirable for further research and the species could be an ideal model to study the color-driven speciation of the rockfishes.展开更多
A comprehensive understanding of spatial distribution and clustering patterns of gravels is of great significance for ecological restoration and monitoring.However,traditional methods for studying gravels are low-effi...A comprehensive understanding of spatial distribution and clustering patterns of gravels is of great significance for ecological restoration and monitoring.However,traditional methods for studying gravels are low-efficiency and have many errors.This study researched the spatial distribution and cluster characteristics of gravels based on digital image processing technology combined with a self-organizing map(SOM)and multivariate statistical methods in the grassland of northern Tibetan Plateau.Moreover,the correlation of morphological parameters of gravels between different cluster groups and the environmental factors affecting gravel distribution were analyzed.The results showed that the morphological characteristics of gravels in northern region(cluster C)and southern region(cluster B)of the Tibetan Plateau were similar,with a low gravel coverage,small gravel diameter,and elongated shape.These regions were mainly distributed in high mountainous areas with large topographic relief.The central region(cluster A)has high coverage of gravels with a larger diameter,mainly distributed in high-altitude plains with smaller undulation.Principal component analysis(PCA)results showed that the gravel distribution of cluster A may be mainly affected by vegetation,while those in clusters B and C could be mainly affected by topography,climate,and soil.The study confirmed that the combination of digital image processing technology and SOM could effectively analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of gravels,providing a new mode for gravel research.展开更多
Ag nanowires(AgNWs)have shown great application value in the field of flexible electronics due to their excellent optical and electrical properties,and the quality of its joints of AgNWs in the thin film network direc...Ag nanowires(AgNWs)have shown great application value in the field of flexible electronics due to their excellent optical and electrical properties,and the quality of its joints of AgNWs in the thin film network directly plays a key role in its performance.In order to further improve the joint quality of AgNWs under thermal excitation,the thermal welding process and atomic evolution behavior of AgNWs were investigated through a combination of in situ experimental and molecular dynamics simulations.The influence of processing time,temperature,and stress distribution due to spatial arrangement on nanojoints was systematically explored.What is more,the failure mechanisms and their atomic interface behavior of the nanojoints were also investigated.展开更多
A peak is an important topographic feature crucial in quantitative geomorphic feature analysis,digital geomorphological mapping,and other fields.Most peak extraction methods are based on the maximum elevation in a loc...A peak is an important topographic feature crucial in quantitative geomorphic feature analysis,digital geomorphological mapping,and other fields.Most peak extraction methods are based on the maximum elevation in a local area but ignore the morphological characteristics of the peak area.This paper proposes three indices based on the morphological characteristics of peaks and their spatial relationship with ridge lines:convexity mean index(CM-index),convexity standard deviation(CSD-index),and convexity imbalance index(CIBindex).We develop computation methods to extract peaks from digital elevation model(DEM).Subsequently,the initial peaks extracted by neighborhood statistics are classified using the proposed indices.The method is evaluated in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the Loess Plateau in China.An ASTER Global DEM(ASTGTM2 DEM)with a grid size of 30 m is chosen to assess the suitability of the proposed mountain peak extraction and classification method in different geomorphic regions.DEM data with grid sizes of 30 m and 5 m are used for the Loess Plateau.The mountain peak extraction and classification results obtained from the different resolution DEM are compared.The experimental results show that:(1)The CM-index and the CSDindex accurately reflect the concave or convex morphology of the surface and can be used as supplements to existing surface morphological indices.(2)The three indices can identify pseudo mountain peaks and classify the remaining peaks into single ridge peak(SR-Peak)and multiple ridge intersection peak(MRI-Peak).The visual inspection results show that the classification accuracy in the different study areas exceeds 75%.(3)The number of peaks is significantly higher for the 5 m DEM than for the 30 m DEM because more peaks can be detected at a finer resolution.展开更多
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of root cutting stress on the dynamic changes of endogenous hormone content and growth characteristics of Quercus variabilis roots,and to explore the physiolo...The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of root cutting stress on the dynamic changes of endogenous hormone content and growth characteristics of Quercus variabilis roots,and to explore the physiological role of endogenous hormones in regulating root-crown interactions in the short term.The morphological characteristics and endogenous hormone contents of normal roots(no root cutting,CK)and cut roots(cut by 1/3 of the length of the main root,RP)were determined by liquid chromatography,which was combined with mass spectrometry at different levels of different developmental stages.The results showed that the root growth indexes and root endogenous hormones in the RP group were superior to those in the CK group.Through comprehensive analysis of endogenous hormones,it was found that the crosstalk of IAA,JA,ABA and SA could activate the root growth defense.After the root cutting treatment,the root growth of Quercus variabilis seedlings could compensate for the inhibition of taproot growth by promoting lateral root growth.The growth and development of compensatory lateral roots contribute to the increase the total root length of plants,thus promoting the absorption of water and nutrients.It is speculated that plant hormones may be the key factors affecting their development,but this is not only related to the content of a single hormone,but more importantly,it is the interaction between various hormones.展开更多
The morphological similarities of Pampus fishes have led to considerable confusion in species-level identification,and no accurate information on neotype or DNA barcoding of Pampus echinogaster is available. Two hundr...The morphological similarities of Pampus fishes have led to considerable confusion in species-level identification,and no accurate information on neotype or DNA barcoding of Pampus echinogaster is available. Two hundred and seven specimens of P. echinogaster were collected from the coastal waters of Dandong, Dongying, Qingdao,Nantong, Zhoushan, Wenzhou, Changle, Taiwan, and Wakayama(Japan), from June 2010 to April 2013. The diagnostic characteristics of P. echinogaster are as follows: dorsal fin VIII-XI-43–51, anal fin V-VIII-43–49, pectoral fin 22–27, caudal fin 19–22, pelvic fin absent; first gill rakers sparse, slender(pointed), 3–4+12–16=15–20; vertebrae39–41; transverse occipital canal on top of head moderately small, wavy ridges not reaching upper origin of pectoral fin; ventral branch of lateral line canal spare, shorter than dorsal branch of lateral line canal. By combining congener sequences of the cytochrome oxidase I(COI) gene from Gen Bank, two absolute groups were detected among all specimens, which further indicated that two valid species were present based on genetic differences in amino acid sequences and the distance between the groups. The sequences of Group 1 can be regarded as DNA barcoding of P. echinogaster. The correct morphological redescription and DNA barcoding of P.echinogaster are presented here to provide a guarantee for efficient and accurate studies, a theoretical basis for classification, and enable appropriate fishery management and conservation strategies for the genus Pampus in the future.展开更多
The multidimensional morphological characteristics(including scale, horizontal shape and 3 D morphology) of precipitation areas over the Tibetan Plateau in summer were studied using 15 years(1998–2012) of observation...The multidimensional morphological characteristics(including scale, horizontal shape and 3 D morphology) of precipitation areas over the Tibetan Plateau in summer were studied using 15 years(1998–2012) of observational data from the precipitation radar onboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite. As the scale of the precipitation area increased from 20 to 150 km, the near-surface rain rate(RRav) of the precipitation area increased by up to 78%(from ~1.12 to ~2 mm h~(-1)). Linear precipitation areas had the lowest median RRav(~1 mm h~(-1) over the eastern Tibetan Plateau),whereas square-shaped precipitation areas had the highest median RRav(~1.58 mm h~(-1) over the eastern Tibetan Plateau).The 3D morphology was defined as the ratio of the average vertical scale to the average horizontal scale, where a large value corresponds to thin and tall, and a small value corresponds to plump and short. Thin-and-tall precipitation areas and plump-and-short precipitation areas had a greater median RRav, whereas the precipitation areas with a moderate 3D morphology had the lowest median RRav. The vertical structure of the precipitation-area reflectivity was sensitive to both size and 3D morphology, but was not sensitive to the horizontal shape. The relationship between RRav and the morphological characteristics was most significant over the southern slopes of the Tanggula Mountains and the Tibetan Plateau east of 100°E. The morphological characteristics of precipitation areas are therefore closely related to the intensity of precipitation and could potentially be used to forecast precipitation and verify numerical models.展开更多
Gully systems and watersheds are geomorphic units with clear boundaries that are relatively independent of basin landscapes and play an important role in natural geography. In order to explore the morphological charac...Gully systems and watersheds are geomorphic units with clear boundaries that are relatively independent of basin landscapes and play an important role in natural geography. In order to explore the morphological characteristics of gully systems and watersheds in the Dry-Hot Valley [South West(SW) China], gullies are interpreted from online Google images with high resolution and watersheds are extracted from digital elevation model at a scale of 1:50,000. The results show that:(1) There are17,382 gullies(with a total area of 1141.66 km2) and 42 watersheds in the study area.(2) The average gully density of the study area(D) is 4.29 km/km2, gully frequency(F) is 14.39 gullies/km2, the branching ratio(B) is 5.13, the length ratio(L) is 3.12, and the coefficient of the main and tributary gullies(M) is 0.06. The degree of gully erosion isstrong to extremely strong, the main development intensity of gully erosion ranges from intense to moderate, and the type of gully system is tributary.(3) The watershed areas(A) are between 0.39 and 96.43 km2, the relief ratio(R) is from 0.10 to 0.19, the circularity ratio(C) is from 0.30 to0.83, the texture ratio(T) is from 0.82 to 39.35, and the dominant geomorphological texture type is fine.(4) There is a quantitative relationship between F and D:F = 0.624 D2(R =0.84) and T is closely related to D, F, M(R2[ 0.7). A,R and C are related to M(R2[ 0.5). The development of gully systems is the result of coupling effects between multiple factors. In this area, the degree of erosion and the condition of the main and tributary gullies can be controlled by the degree of topographic breakage in the watershed, which provides some theoretical basis for the evaluation of gully erosion by the latter. In addition, the scale, relief, and shape have a significant impact on the locations of the main and tributary gullies. For tributary gullies, attention should be paid to the interception and control of runoff and sediment in the small confluence branches in order to prevent gully expansion and head advance. These features can inform the development of targeted measures for the control of soil erosion.展开更多
Tonle Sap Lake is the largest river-connected lake, buffer area and ecological zone of Mekong River, which plays a huge role in dispelling flood peak and compensating water, and the conservation of biological diversit...Tonle Sap Lake is the largest river-connected lake, buffer area and ecological zone of Mekong River, which plays a huge role in dispelling flood peak and compensating water, and the conservation of biological diversity. The river-lake relationship between Mekong River and Tonle Sap Lake is unique and has always been a major focus in the international community. The land terrain and under-water topography were used to analyze the morphological characteristics of Cambodia Mekong Delta and Tonle Sap Lake. Long series of hydrological data of river-lake controlling stations were used to analyze the water level variation characteristics and water volume exchange pattern between Mekong River and Tonle Sap Lake, and the response relationship to river-lake morphological characteristics were also researched. The results show that: Cambodia Mekong Delta and Tonle Sap Lake Area is low-lying and flat with gentle channel gradient and water surface gradient, making the relationship between water level and area (or volume) smooth. The channel storage capacity of Mekong River and Tonle Sap River is not enough compared to the inflow, so vast flooding plain is extremely prone to be inundated, making the flood relationships between the left and right banks become very complicated. Tonle Sap Lake is a seasonal freshwater lake with water flowing in and flowing out, and the timing and intensity of water exchange with Mekong River are closely related to the water flow resistance at the exit section of Tonle Sap Lake and the cross-sectional area of Tonle Sap River, which can be reflected by the river-lake water level difference and the water level of Tonle Sap River. Affected by the river-lake morphological characteristics, the water exchange intensity between Mekong River and Tonle Sap Lake is great. Tonle Sap Lake not only stores 14.4% of flood volume (39.7 billion m3) from the Mekong River every year, but also supplies 29.7% of dry water (69.4 billion m3) to the Mekong River. Influenced by the adjustment of the floodplain, the water level fluctuation of Mekong River and Tonle Sap Lake is slow, and the rising and droop rates of water level are positively correlated with the floodplain storage area. The research results will help to understand the relationship mechanism between Mekong River and Tonle Sap Lake and provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive governance of Cambodia Mekong Delta and Tonle Sap Lake Area.展开更多
An urban boundary layer model(UBLM)is improved by incorporating the effect of buildings with a sectional drag coefficient and a height-distributed canopy drag length scale.The improved UBLM is applied to simulate the ...An urban boundary layer model(UBLM)is improved by incorporating the effect of buildings with a sectional drag coefficient and a height-distributed canopy drag length scale.The improved UBLM is applied to simulate the wind fields over three typical urban blocks over the Beijing area with different height-to-width ratios.For comparisons,the wind fields over the same blocks are simulated by an urban sub-domain scale model resolving the buildings explicitly.The wind fields simulated from the two different methods are in good agreement.Then,two-dimensional building morphological characteristics and urban canopy parameters for Beijing are derived from detailed building height data.Finally,experiements are conducted to investigate the effect of buildings on the wind field in Beijing using the improved UBLM.展开更多
We quantified the systematic variations in global transform fault morphology,revealing a first-order dependence on the spreading rate.(1)The average age offset of both the full transform and transform sub-segments dec...We quantified the systematic variations in global transform fault morphology,revealing a first-order dependence on the spreading rate.(1)The average age offset of both the full transform and transform sub-segments decrease with increasing spreading rate.(2)The average depth of both the transform valley and adjacent ridges are smaller in the fast compared to the slow systems,reflecting possibly density anomalies associated with warmer mantle at the fast systems and rifting at the slow ridges.However,the average depth difference between the transform valley and adjacent ridges is relatively constant from the fast to slow systems.(3)The nodal basin at a ridge-transform intersection is deeper and dominant at the ultraslow and slow systems,possibly reflecting a lower magma supply and stronger viscous resistance to mantle upwelling near a colder transform wall.In contrast,the nodal high,is most prominent in the fast,intermediate,and hotspot-influenced systems,where robust axial volcanic ridges extend toward the ridge-transform intersection.(4)Statistically,the average transform valley is wider at a transform system of larger age offset,reflecting thicker deforming plates flanking the transform fault.(5)The maximum magnitude of the transform earthquakes increases with age offset owing to an increase in the seismogenic area.Individual transform faults also exhibit significant anomalies owing to the complex local tectonic and magmatic processes.展开更多
On the basis of bathymetric data and other geological and geophysical data obtained during the first survey conducted by Chinese Mainland in the area off eastern Taiwan Island from May to June in 2000, the morphologic...On the basis of bathymetric data and other geological and geophysical data obtained during the first survey conducted by Chinese Mainland in the area off eastern Taiwan Island from May to June in 2000, the morphological features of the region, the tectonic control to the seafloor topography and their tectonic implication are studied and discussed. The results have revealed that both the slope zone of the Ryukyu arc and the Ryukyu Trench present a typical morphotectonic characteristics controlled by the trench-arc system in the West Pacific Ocean. At the slope of eastern Taiwan Island the isobathic lines parallel to the coastline and distribute densely in nearly N-S direction and the slope gradient of topography is large. Such a unique feature is attributed to the collision of the Luzon arc and Eurasia continent. In the Huatung Basin, turbidity fans and submarine canyons are well developed, the formations of which are mainly related to the steep topography of the slope of the Luzon arc and the abundant supply of sediments. These submarine canyons are controlled by basement highs and strike-slip faults. On eastern side and western side of the Gagua Ridge, both the water depth and morphological features are different, but the basement of Gagua Ridge belongs to the Huatung Basin. The eastern side of the Gagua Ridge (123°12' E) corresponds to the boundary of two plates with different ages. In the West Philippine Basin, linear ridges and troughs in a NW trending are identified, which are dissected by a NE trending transform fault. According to the seafloor topography features, the direction of the transform fault and the magnetic anomaly lineations, the seafloor of this region was formed during 60-45 Ma B.P when the West Philippine Basin was spreading along NE-SW relative to the present orientation.展开更多
To explore genetic diversity and estimate the genetic differences among populations of Lutraria maxima in the coastal waters off south to southeast China,the morphology of the species of five different geographical po...To explore genetic diversity and estimate the genetic differences among populations of Lutraria maxima in the coastal waters off south to southeast China,the morphology of the species of five different geographical populations(Beihai,Weizhou Island,Zhanjiang,Xiamen,and Fuzhou)in Guangxi,Guangdong,and Fujian provinces was studied statistically in combination with the microsatellite markers.As revealed by morphological principal component analysis(PCA),the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components was 72.596%.The discrimination accuracy ranged from 47.5%to 80.0%,and the scatter plots of principal component and discriminant analysis were consistent in overall,showing that the Xiamen and Fuzhou populations were overlapped obviously.For microsatellite markers,10 pairs of polymorphic primers were obtained by high-throughput transcriptome sequencing,and used for genetic diversity analysis.It was showed that the average number of alleles and eff ective alleles observed in each population ranged from 8.100 to 10.900,and from 3.497 to 4.228,respectively.The average observed heterozygosity(H_(o))and expected heterozygosity(H_(e))in the five populations ranged from 0.541 to 0.615,and from 0.642 to 0.733,respectively.The genetic distance(DA)ranged from 0.078 to 0.523,and the population genetic differentiation index(F_(ST))ranged from 0.027 to 0.139.The unweighted pair-population method with arithmetic means(UPGMA)and structure analysis showed that the five populations could be divided into two main clusters,the Beibu Gulf group(Beihai and Weizhou Island)and the Southeast China Sea group(Zhanjiang,Xiamen,and Fuzhou),suggesting that L.maxima has been separated geographically by the barrier of the Leizhou Peninsula into two groups in evolution,which provided us with a scientific clue to better protect the bioresource and establish an appropriate fishery management stocks for L.maxima populations in south China.展开更多
The study was accomplished to identify the characteristics of village chickens’ (VCs) genetic resources in the Abu-Dhabi Emirate of United Arab Emirate (UAE) and to study factors affecting these characteristics. Each...The study was accomplished to identify the characteristics of village chickens’ (VCs) genetic resources in the Abu-Dhabi Emirate of United Arab Emirate (UAE) and to study factors affecting these characteristics. Each bird was individually observed, identified, measured and characterized of thirteen VCs pure breeds and crossbreds. The overall VCs had normal feather morphology (95.1%) and distribution (77%). Except for Fayomi chickens which were 100% mottled, no specific plumage pattern was found. Almost 52% of the VCs had white skins. Six different colors were reported for the shanks and maximized for white shanks (34.3%). Large breasts (46%) were more available. The predominant plumage color was mixed colors (37.5%). Face size tended to be small (42.8%) to medium (40.4%). More brown (48.9%) then orange (27.3%) eyes were found. Dark (49.7%) beaks were more available than white (28.6%) or yellow (21.7%) beaks. The distribution of wattle colors was similar to that of ear-lob colors with some variation. Small wattles (41.9%) were most available. Single comb (82.4%) is the most available;11 other types and one with no comb were represented with low frequencies. In the whole sample, red and white combs (56.7%) were the most available;however, plain red (23.8%) and red and black (15.5%) were represented. Results of factors influence showed that body weight was high significantly (P < 0.01) influenced by the interaction between both breed and region and breed and sex. Significant (P < 0.01) influence of interaction was observed between breed and location on body length, wing span and shank length. The interaction between breed and sex only significantly (P < 0.01) influenced shank length. Though, all main effects of breed, sex and region significantly (P < 0.01) influenced continuous measures. Most morphological characteristics were significantly (P < 0.01) different among breeds. This study reported the morphological characteristics of the different VCs breeds kept in Abu-Dhabi Emirate, which considered the scientific base for future implementing of conservation and/or genetic improvement programs.展开更多
The structural characteristics of the tree crowns of Cunninghamia lanceolata var. Luotian(herein, Luotian), a natural variety of C. lanceolata(Chinese-fir, herein Lanceolata) in China, were analyzed using trunk and br...The structural characteristics of the tree crowns of Cunninghamia lanceolata var. Luotian(herein, Luotian), a natural variety of C. lanceolata(Chinese-fir, herein Lanceolata) in China, were analyzed using trunk and branch measurements and biomass determinations. Samples from two typical cultivated varietal populations were collected, including twenty-six 15–23-year-old trees of Luotian from a plantation, and nine 16–23-year-old trees of Lanceolata. Our results show that Luotian and Lanceolata samples differed significantly in crown structure, morphological indices, and biomass:(1) the oldest live branches on Luotian trees were 5–6 years old and 8–11 years old on Lanceolata. The ages of the live branches were not affected by the ages of the Luotian trees, while live branch ages increased with ages of Lanceolata trees;(2) the maximumbranching order of Luotian was level two. Compared to Lanceolata, the average number of first-order lateral branches(i.e., branches emerging from the trunk) and the number of first-order lateral branch whorls per sample tree were 12.9% and 32.2% lower, respectively, in Luotian.However, the average number of branches within a single whorl was 21.8% greater in Luotian;the average number of branch whorls at crown height was 51.1% greater. Thus,the Luotian variety has thicker branches;(3) the average lateral branch angles in Luotian and Lanceolata sample trees were 105.2° and 61.4°, respectively. The branch angles in 53.0% of lateral branches on Luotian ranged from105° to 135°, but 30° to 90° in 96% of the lateral branches on Lanceolata. Within the same crown layer, the average branch angle was 1.6–2.2 times greater in Luotian, and the angle was directly proportional to crown thickness;(4) the average base diameter and branch length on Luotian were1.3 cm and 75.8 cm, respectively, and 1.6 cm and112.2 cm for Lanceolata. For individual trees, branch growth differed significantly(p < 0.01) between Luotian and Lanceolata. However, the lateral branches grew at a similar rate among Luotian trees of different ages;(5) the average height to the lowest live branch on Luotian was128.3% greater than on Lanceolata, resulting in a significant difference(p < 0.01) in crown size. Compared to the crowns on Lanceolata, the Luotian crowns were 45.3%higher and 41.1% wider, and the surface area, volume, and growth of the crown were 27.0%, 11.4%, and 2.4 times greater than for Lanceolata, respectively;and,(6) the biomass of Luotian and Lanceolata sample trees also differed significantly. The mean crown, branch, and leaf biomass for Luotian was 40.0%, 25.2%, and 54.1% of those for Lanceolata, respectively. However, the leaf biomass in each layer of the Luotian crown was higher thanthat of Lanceolata, and leaf biomass increased with crown thickness.展开更多
Objective: To describe the epidemiological, clinical, biological and morphological aspects of primary liver cancer (PLC). Patients and Methods: We conducted a 38-month cross-sectional study in the Department of hepato...Objective: To describe the epidemiological, clinical, biological and morphological aspects of primary liver cancer (PLC). Patients and Methods: We conducted a 38-month cross-sectional study in the Department of hepatogas-troenterology and Internal Medicine “Amitié Sino-Centrafraine” University Hospital Center in Bangui. Included in the study were all patients with a diagnosis of PLC. The PLC’s diagnostic arguments were the large tumor liver associated or not with the elevation of alpha-fetoprotein, the heteronodular liver hypervascularized on abdominal ultrasound. Data analysis was done using Epi Info 3.5.1 software. Results: We collected 115 cases of CPF among 2410 hospitalized patients (4.7%). There were 86 men and 29 women (sex ratio: 2.9). The average age was 50 years old. The main risk factors were alcohol consumption (72.2%) and chronic hepatitis B infection (67.4%). Frequent clinical signs were pain in the right hypochondrium and/or epigastric (93.86%), large tumor liver under examination (91.3%), weight loss (74.78%). The serum alpha-fetoprotein concentration was ≥ 400 ng/ml in 73% of the cases. The abdominal ultrasound found a heteronodular liver in all patients. The nodules were multiple hyperechoic in 66.1% of the cases. According to the Child-Pugh classification, the patients were classified as B (49.5%) and C (33.9%). The Okuda Classification ranked patients at stage 1 in 16.5% cases, stage 2 in 52.1% cases and stage 3 in 31.3% cases. According to the BCLC classification, 5.2% of patients were in stage A, 12.2% in stage B, 52.2 in stage C and 30.4% in stage D. Death was recorded during hospitalization in 89 cases (77.4%). Conclusion: CPF is a frequent and serious pathology in Bangui. Its diagnosis is often late, preventing curative treatment. The main causes are alcohol consumption and the hepatitis B virus. The population should be educated to reduce the incidence of this disease.展开更多
Sago mushrooms (SMs) are an edible fungus that is favorite food for community in Papua and West Papua, Indonesia in particular. This work aims to determine the morphological characteristics and nutritional value of SM...Sago mushrooms (SMs) are an edible fungus that is favorite food for community in Papua and West Papua, Indonesia in particular. This work aims to determine the morphological characteristics and nutritional value of SMs growing naturally in Manokwari. Morphological characteristic of SMs that grows wild in Manokwari has an average of pileus diameter 9.53 cm, pileus weight 21.53 grams, and pileus color. The pileus color is divided into three colors: outer circle color is RHS163D, middle circle color is RHS199B, and inner circle color is RHS199A. Average of stipe diameter, length, and weight is 1.00 cm, 10.43 cm, and 9.15 gram respectively. Stipe is a yellowish white color (RHS155B). SMs nutrient content that grows naturally in Manokwari is potassium 1394.02 milli-grams and calcium 13.37 milligrams per 1000 grams fresh weight. The others nutrient contents of SMs that are measured are fat 1.01 grams, protein 1.30 grams, carbohydrates 0.18 grams, phosphorus 0.34 milligrams, and energy 15.01 kilocalories per 100 grams of fresh weight.展开更多
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of Napier cultivars in terms of forage yield, plant morphology and nutrient contents under two different agro-ecology and geo-topographic conditions. Three ...The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of Napier cultivars in terms of forage yield, plant morphology and nutrient contents under two different agro-ecology and geo-topographic conditions. Three Napier cultivars being conserved by Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), namely-BLRI</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Napier 1, (BN-1), BLRI</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Napier 3 (BN-3) and Merkeron (BN-5) were selected to cultivate in severe drought prone areas (called Barind) and non-drought area at Savar (Modhupur terrace). Stem cuttings were planted in rows apart from 70 cm and 35cm spacing between plants. Data of 6 consecutive harvests from a period of approximately one year were collected and analyzed statistically by “R” software. The results showed that cultivar and location had </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">significant (P < 0.001) effect on biomass yield, plant height and leaf-stem ratio (LSR), while number of tillers </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">significantly varied with locations. BN-3 yielded the highest biomass (33.32 t/ha/harvest) at non-drought location (42.98 t/ha/harvest). The highest plant height was obtained in BN-1 (171.2 cm) at non-drought location (174.6 cm). Number of tiller</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> per hill ranged from 25.4 to 26.3 among cultivars (P > 0.05) and the highest tillers were found at non-drought location (28.1 no). The best LSR was estimated from BN-5 (0.86) at drought location (0.95). The proximate analysis showed that CP, ADF and NDF in whole plant </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">varied significantly (P < 0.001), being the highest contents in BN-1 (10.69%, 46.20% and 54.58%, respectively). On the other hand, DM and ash contents did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) among cultivars which ranged from 15.80% to 17.13% and 13.10% to 14.58%, respectively. The highest CP content in whole plant was obtained at non-drought location (11.89%), while the lowest ash (10.57%) and NDF (52.71%) contents were obtained at the same location. The highest CP contents in leaf were found at non-drought (15.03%) and the lowest ash (9.86%) at the same location. The highest CP contents (5.90%) in stem were found at non-drought location, while the lowest ash (11.28%) and NDF (54.59%) contents </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were obtained </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">at the same location. Finally, the experiment reveals the superiority in biomass yield and nutritional quality (in</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">terms of CP content) with the ranking orders of BN-3 > BN-1 > BN-5 and BN-1 > BN-3 > BN-5. Therefore, it may be concluded that BN-1, BN-3</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and BN-5 cultivars were well adapted in both drought and non-drought conditions, although performance showed better in later condition</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. However, in terms of forage yield and overall nutrient composition, the performance of BN-3 was the best irrespective of locations.展开更多
The presence of distinct morphological markers in monosomics is important for selection and maintenance of the monosomic plants in subsequent generations and for a well-targeted chromosome substitutions. Here we prese...The presence of distinct morphological markers in monosomics is important for selection and maintenance of the monosomic plants in subsequent generations and for a well-targeted chromosome substitutions. Here we present cytological and morphological features of the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) monosomic lines developed in Uzbekistan, and their identification by means of translocation tests. We report “reduced” stigma as a new phenotypic marker for cotton monosomics, which makes it possible to distinguish cytotypes without cytological analyses. We identified eleven cotton monosomes by translocation tests using our 28 translocation cotton lines. We determined such features of the cotton monosomic lines as significant lowering of the pollen fertility, genetic determination of variation in pollen fertility in different flowers of the same monosomic plants and variation of both meiotic index and tetrads with micronuclei in different buds. New features of cotton monosomic lines, described herein, should be useful for future cotton genome investigation and development of new chromosome substitution lines.展开更多
A DTM map of the study area in the Taiwan Shoal was drawn based on precise and highdensity data acquired in a field survey by a multi-beam sounding system(R2Sonic2024). We identified sand waves in the study area at wa...A DTM map of the study area in the Taiwan Shoal was drawn based on precise and highdensity data acquired in a field survey by a multi-beam sounding system(R2Sonic2024). We identified sand waves in the study area at water depths of 13.89–49.12 m; the main sand waves had heights of 5–25 m, lengths of 0.1–2.0 km, and crest lines 0.1–6.5 km long. The spatial distribution of the sand waves on the seabed is dense in the north and sparse in the south and the directions range between 50°–80° and 90°–135°. Between the main sand waves, secondary sand waves develop with heights of 0.1–5.0 m and lengths of 10–100 m, which are difficult to detect by satellite remote sensing. By comparing the evolution structures of the secondary and main sand waves, we identified three evolution modes of the secondary sand waves: parallel, oblique, and divergent modes according to the relative crest directions. Suitable water depth, reciprocating current speeds between 40 and 100 cm/s, and abundant sediment supply create favorable conditions for the formation of linear sand waves. Comparing the DTM maps and profiles of the June 2012 and June 2013 surveys of the same area, we found that the shape and morphology of the sand waves remained mostly unchanged under normal hydrodynamic conditions.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2018YFD0900803)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (No.CARS-47)the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund (Nos.2021JC01,20603022022024)
文摘The first record of abnormal body coloration in Sebastes koreanus Kim and Lee,1994,from the Yellow Sea of China,was documented based on morphological characteristics and DNA barcoding.The two rockfish specimens were collected from the coastal waters of Qingdao,China,and the whole body and all fins of them were red.Of the two red-colored rockfish,there were tiny deep red spots on each fin,2 red radial stripes behind and below the eyes and 1 large deep red blotch on the opercula,while the similar stripe and spot patterns are also present in the S.koreanus specimens with normal body coloration.The countable characteristics of the two specimens are in the range of the morphometry of S.koreanus.To further clarify the species identity and taxonomic status of the two specimens,DNA barcode analysis was carried out.The genetic distance between the red-colored rockfish and S.koreanus was 0,and the minimum net genetic distances between the red-colored rockfish and other Sebastes species except for S.koreanus were 3.0%,which exceeds the threshold of species delimitation.The phylogenetic analysis showed that the DNA barcoding sequences of the two red-colored rockfish clustered with the S.koreanus sequences.The above results of DNA barcode analysis also support that the two red-colored rockfish could be identified as the species of S.koreanus.The mechanism of color variation in S.koreanus is desirable for further research and the species could be an ideal model to study the color-driven speciation of the rockfishes.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971226,41871357)the Major Research and Development and Achievement Transformation Projects of Qinghai,China(2022-QY-224)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA28110502,XDA19030303).
文摘A comprehensive understanding of spatial distribution and clustering patterns of gravels is of great significance for ecological restoration and monitoring.However,traditional methods for studying gravels are low-efficiency and have many errors.This study researched the spatial distribution and cluster characteristics of gravels based on digital image processing technology combined with a self-organizing map(SOM)and multivariate statistical methods in the grassland of northern Tibetan Plateau.Moreover,the correlation of morphological parameters of gravels between different cluster groups and the environmental factors affecting gravel distribution were analyzed.The results showed that the morphological characteristics of gravels in northern region(cluster C)and southern region(cluster B)of the Tibetan Plateau were similar,with a low gravel coverage,small gravel diameter,and elongated shape.These regions were mainly distributed in high mountainous areas with large topographic relief.The central region(cluster A)has high coverage of gravels with a larger diameter,mainly distributed in high-altitude plains with smaller undulation.Principal component analysis(PCA)results showed that the gravel distribution of cluster A may be mainly affected by vegetation,while those in clusters B and C could be mainly affected by topography,climate,and soil.The study confirmed that the combination of digital image processing technology and SOM could effectively analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of gravels,providing a new mode for gravel research.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52022078 and 51875450)Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2021ZDLGY10-02)the fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing in NPU,(Grant No.SKLSP202203)。
文摘Ag nanowires(AgNWs)have shown great application value in the field of flexible electronics due to their excellent optical and electrical properties,and the quality of its joints of AgNWs in the thin film network directly plays a key role in its performance.In order to further improve the joint quality of AgNWs under thermal excitation,the thermal welding process and atomic evolution behavior of AgNWs were investigated through a combination of in situ experimental and molecular dynamics simulations.The influence of processing time,temperature,and stress distribution due to spatial arrangement on nanojoints was systematically explored.What is more,the failure mechanisms and their atomic interface behavior of the nanojoints were also investigated.
基金supported by Anhui Province Universities Outstanding Talented Person Support Project(No.gxyq2022097)Major Project of Natural Science Research of Anhui Provincial Department of Education(No.2022AH040150,No.KJ2021ZD0130,No.KJ2021ZD0131)+5 种基金Key Project of Natural Science Research of Anhui Provincial Department of Education(Grant No.KJ2020A0721)The guiding plan project of Chuzhou science and Technology Bureau(No.2021ZD008)“113”Industry Innovation Team of Chuzhou city in Anhui provincethe Project of Natural Science Research of An-hui Provincial Department of Education(No.2022AH030112,No.2022AH040156)the Academic Foundation for Top Talents in Disciplines of Anhui Universities(No.gxbj ZD2022069)the Innovation Program for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars of Anhui Province(No.2021LCX014)。
文摘A peak is an important topographic feature crucial in quantitative geomorphic feature analysis,digital geomorphological mapping,and other fields.Most peak extraction methods are based on the maximum elevation in a local area but ignore the morphological characteristics of the peak area.This paper proposes three indices based on the morphological characteristics of peaks and their spatial relationship with ridge lines:convexity mean index(CM-index),convexity standard deviation(CSD-index),and convexity imbalance index(CIBindex).We develop computation methods to extract peaks from digital elevation model(DEM).Subsequently,the initial peaks extracted by neighborhood statistics are classified using the proposed indices.The method is evaluated in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the Loess Plateau in China.An ASTER Global DEM(ASTGTM2 DEM)with a grid size of 30 m is chosen to assess the suitability of the proposed mountain peak extraction and classification method in different geomorphic regions.DEM data with grid sizes of 30 m and 5 m are used for the Loess Plateau.The mountain peak extraction and classification results obtained from the different resolution DEM are compared.The experimental results show that:(1)The CM-index and the CSDindex accurately reflect the concave or convex morphology of the surface and can be used as supplements to existing surface morphological indices.(2)The three indices can identify pseudo mountain peaks and classify the remaining peaks into single ridge peak(SR-Peak)and multiple ridge intersection peak(MRI-Peak).The visual inspection results show that the classification accuracy in the different study areas exceeds 75%.(3)The number of peaks is significantly higher for the 5 m DEM than for the 30 m DEM because more peaks can be detected at a finer resolution.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant Number 31700549China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Project,Grant Number 2017M612401.
文摘The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of root cutting stress on the dynamic changes of endogenous hormone content and growth characteristics of Quercus variabilis roots,and to explore the physiological role of endogenous hormones in regulating root-crown interactions in the short term.The morphological characteristics and endogenous hormone contents of normal roots(no root cutting,CK)and cut roots(cut by 1/3 of the length of the main root,RP)were determined by liquid chromatography,which was combined with mass spectrometry at different levels of different developmental stages.The results showed that the root growth indexes and root endogenous hormones in the RP group were superior to those in the CK group.Through comprehensive analysis of endogenous hormones,it was found that the crosstalk of IAA,JA,ABA and SA could activate the root growth defense.After the root cutting treatment,the root growth of Quercus variabilis seedlings could compensate for the inhibition of taproot growth by promoting lateral root growth.The growth and development of compensatory lateral roots contribute to the increase the total root length of plants,thus promoting the absorption of water and nutrients.It is speculated that plant hormones may be the key factors affecting their development,but this is not only related to the content of a single hormone,but more importantly,it is the interaction between various hormones.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41776171the National Programme on Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction under contract Nos GASI-02-SCS-YSWspr/aut and GASI-02-PAC-YDsum/aut+1 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation of TIO,SOA under contract No.2016010the Bilateral Cooperation of Maritime Affairs under contract No.2200207
文摘The morphological similarities of Pampus fishes have led to considerable confusion in species-level identification,and no accurate information on neotype or DNA barcoding of Pampus echinogaster is available. Two hundred and seven specimens of P. echinogaster were collected from the coastal waters of Dandong, Dongying, Qingdao,Nantong, Zhoushan, Wenzhou, Changle, Taiwan, and Wakayama(Japan), from June 2010 to April 2013. The diagnostic characteristics of P. echinogaster are as follows: dorsal fin VIII-XI-43–51, anal fin V-VIII-43–49, pectoral fin 22–27, caudal fin 19–22, pelvic fin absent; first gill rakers sparse, slender(pointed), 3–4+12–16=15–20; vertebrae39–41; transverse occipital canal on top of head moderately small, wavy ridges not reaching upper origin of pectoral fin; ventral branch of lateral line canal spare, shorter than dorsal branch of lateral line canal. By combining congener sequences of the cytochrome oxidase I(COI) gene from Gen Bank, two absolute groups were detected among all specimens, which further indicated that two valid species were present based on genetic differences in amino acid sequences and the distance between the groups. The sequences of Group 1 can be regarded as DNA barcoding of P. echinogaster. The correct morphological redescription and DNA barcoding of P.echinogaster are presented here to provide a guarantee for efficient and accurate studies, a theoretical basis for classification, and enable appropriate fishery management and conservation strategies for the genus Pampus in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91837310, 41675041, 41620104009 and 41675043)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program (Grant No. 2019QZKK0104)+3 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan project (Grant No. 201903010036)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities from Sun Yat-Sen University (Grant No. 20lgpy19)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2020M672943)the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies (Grant No. 2020B1212060025)。
文摘The multidimensional morphological characteristics(including scale, horizontal shape and 3 D morphology) of precipitation areas over the Tibetan Plateau in summer were studied using 15 years(1998–2012) of observational data from the precipitation radar onboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite. As the scale of the precipitation area increased from 20 to 150 km, the near-surface rain rate(RRav) of the precipitation area increased by up to 78%(from ~1.12 to ~2 mm h~(-1)). Linear precipitation areas had the lowest median RRav(~1 mm h~(-1) over the eastern Tibetan Plateau),whereas square-shaped precipitation areas had the highest median RRav(~1.58 mm h~(-1) over the eastern Tibetan Plateau).The 3D morphology was defined as the ratio of the average vertical scale to the average horizontal scale, where a large value corresponds to thin and tall, and a small value corresponds to plump and short. Thin-and-tall precipitation areas and plump-and-short precipitation areas had a greater median RRav, whereas the precipitation areas with a moderate 3D morphology had the lowest median RRav. The vertical structure of the precipitation-area reflectivity was sensitive to both size and 3D morphology, but was not sensitive to the horizontal shape. The relationship between RRav and the morphological characteristics was most significant over the southern slopes of the Tanggula Mountains and the Tibetan Plateau east of 100°E. The morphological characteristics of precipitation areas are therefore closely related to the intensity of precipitation and could potentially be used to forecast precipitation and verify numerical models.
基金financial support from the Meritocracy Research Funds of China West Normal University (17YC134, 17YC105)Project of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education and Ecological Security Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province (ESP201301)+1 种基金the Project of Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province (2018SZ0337, 2017JY0189)the Project of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education (16ZB0182, 18TD0025, 18ZA0465)
文摘Gully systems and watersheds are geomorphic units with clear boundaries that are relatively independent of basin landscapes and play an important role in natural geography. In order to explore the morphological characteristics of gully systems and watersheds in the Dry-Hot Valley [South West(SW) China], gullies are interpreted from online Google images with high resolution and watersheds are extracted from digital elevation model at a scale of 1:50,000. The results show that:(1) There are17,382 gullies(with a total area of 1141.66 km2) and 42 watersheds in the study area.(2) The average gully density of the study area(D) is 4.29 km/km2, gully frequency(F) is 14.39 gullies/km2, the branching ratio(B) is 5.13, the length ratio(L) is 3.12, and the coefficient of the main and tributary gullies(M) is 0.06. The degree of gully erosion isstrong to extremely strong, the main development intensity of gully erosion ranges from intense to moderate, and the type of gully system is tributary.(3) The watershed areas(A) are between 0.39 and 96.43 km2, the relief ratio(R) is from 0.10 to 0.19, the circularity ratio(C) is from 0.30 to0.83, the texture ratio(T) is from 0.82 to 39.35, and the dominant geomorphological texture type is fine.(4) There is a quantitative relationship between F and D:F = 0.624 D2(R =0.84) and T is closely related to D, F, M(R2[ 0.7). A,R and C are related to M(R2[ 0.5). The development of gully systems is the result of coupling effects between multiple factors. In this area, the degree of erosion and the condition of the main and tributary gullies can be controlled by the degree of topographic breakage in the watershed, which provides some theoretical basis for the evaluation of gully erosion by the latter. In addition, the scale, relief, and shape have a significant impact on the locations of the main and tributary gullies. For tributary gullies, attention should be paid to the interception and control of runoff and sediment in the small confluence branches in order to prevent gully expansion and head advance. These features can inform the development of targeted measures for the control of soil erosion.
文摘Tonle Sap Lake is the largest river-connected lake, buffer area and ecological zone of Mekong River, which plays a huge role in dispelling flood peak and compensating water, and the conservation of biological diversity. The river-lake relationship between Mekong River and Tonle Sap Lake is unique and has always been a major focus in the international community. The land terrain and under-water topography were used to analyze the morphological characteristics of Cambodia Mekong Delta and Tonle Sap Lake. Long series of hydrological data of river-lake controlling stations were used to analyze the water level variation characteristics and water volume exchange pattern between Mekong River and Tonle Sap Lake, and the response relationship to river-lake morphological characteristics were also researched. The results show that: Cambodia Mekong Delta and Tonle Sap Lake Area is low-lying and flat with gentle channel gradient and water surface gradient, making the relationship between water level and area (or volume) smooth. The channel storage capacity of Mekong River and Tonle Sap River is not enough compared to the inflow, so vast flooding plain is extremely prone to be inundated, making the flood relationships between the left and right banks become very complicated. Tonle Sap Lake is a seasonal freshwater lake with water flowing in and flowing out, and the timing and intensity of water exchange with Mekong River are closely related to the water flow resistance at the exit section of Tonle Sap Lake and the cross-sectional area of Tonle Sap River, which can be reflected by the river-lake water level difference and the water level of Tonle Sap River. Affected by the river-lake morphological characteristics, the water exchange intensity between Mekong River and Tonle Sap Lake is great. Tonle Sap Lake not only stores 14.4% of flood volume (39.7 billion m3) from the Mekong River every year, but also supplies 29.7% of dry water (69.4 billion m3) to the Mekong River. Influenced by the adjustment of the floodplain, the water level fluctuation of Mekong River and Tonle Sap Lake is slow, and the rising and droop rates of water level are positively correlated with the floodplain storage area. The research results will help to understand the relationship mechanism between Mekong River and Tonle Sap Lake and provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive governance of Cambodia Mekong Delta and Tonle Sap Lake Area.
基金funded by National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.40505002,40652001,and 40775015)Beijing Natural Science Foun-dation(Grant No.8051002)+1 种基金Beijing New Star Project of Science and Technology(Grant No.2005A03)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant Nos.2008BAC37B04,2006BAJ02A01,and GYHY200906035)
文摘An urban boundary layer model(UBLM)is improved by incorporating the effect of buildings with a sectional drag coefficient and a height-distributed canopy drag length scale.The improved UBLM is applied to simulate the wind fields over three typical urban blocks over the Beijing area with different height-to-width ratios.For comparisons,the wind fields over the same blocks are simulated by an urban sub-domain scale model resolving the buildings explicitly.The wind fields simulated from the two different methods are in good agreement.Then,two-dimensional building morphological characteristics and urban canopy parameters for Beijing are derived from detailed building height data.Finally,experiements are conducted to investigate the effect of buildings on the wind field in Beijing using the improved UBLM.
基金The foundation of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)under contract No.GML2019ZD0205the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41976064,41890813,41976066,91958211,and 41706056+4 种基金the scholarship of China Scholarship Councilthe foundations of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under contract Nos Y4SL021001,QYZDY-SSW-DQC005,133244KYSB20180029,and 131551KYSB20200021the National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract Nos 2018YFC0309800 and 2018YFC0310105the Foundation of the China Ocean Mineral Resources Research and Development Association under contract No.DY135-S2-1-04the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation under contract No.2021A1515012227。
文摘We quantified the systematic variations in global transform fault morphology,revealing a first-order dependence on the spreading rate.(1)The average age offset of both the full transform and transform sub-segments decrease with increasing spreading rate.(2)The average depth of both the transform valley and adjacent ridges are smaller in the fast compared to the slow systems,reflecting possibly density anomalies associated with warmer mantle at the fast systems and rifting at the slow ridges.However,the average depth difference between the transform valley and adjacent ridges is relatively constant from the fast to slow systems.(3)The nodal basin at a ridge-transform intersection is deeper and dominant at the ultraslow and slow systems,possibly reflecting a lower magma supply and stronger viscous resistance to mantle upwelling near a colder transform wall.In contrast,the nodal high,is most prominent in the fast,intermediate,and hotspot-influenced systems,where robust axial volcanic ridges extend toward the ridge-transform intersection.(4)Statistically,the average transform valley is wider at a transform system of larger age offset,reflecting thicker deforming plates flanking the transform fault.(5)The maximum magnitude of the transform earthquakes increases with age offset owing to an increase in the seismogenic area.Individual transform faults also exhibit significant anomalies owing to the complex local tectonic and magmatic processes.
文摘On the basis of bathymetric data and other geological and geophysical data obtained during the first survey conducted by Chinese Mainland in the area off eastern Taiwan Island from May to June in 2000, the morphological features of the region, the tectonic control to the seafloor topography and their tectonic implication are studied and discussed. The results have revealed that both the slope zone of the Ryukyu arc and the Ryukyu Trench present a typical morphotectonic characteristics controlled by the trench-arc system in the West Pacific Ocean. At the slope of eastern Taiwan Island the isobathic lines parallel to the coastline and distribute densely in nearly N-S direction and the slope gradient of topography is large. Such a unique feature is attributed to the collision of the Luzon arc and Eurasia continent. In the Huatung Basin, turbidity fans and submarine canyons are well developed, the formations of which are mainly related to the steep topography of the slope of the Luzon arc and the abundant supply of sediments. These submarine canyons are controlled by basement highs and strike-slip faults. On eastern side and western side of the Gagua Ridge, both the water depth and morphological features are different, but the basement of Gagua Ridge belongs to the Huatung Basin. The eastern side of the Gagua Ridge (123°12' E) corresponds to the boundary of two plates with different ages. In the West Philippine Basin, linear ridges and troughs in a NW trending are identified, which are dissected by a NE trending transform fault. According to the seafloor topography features, the direction of the transform fault and the magnetic anomaly lineations, the seafloor of this region was formed during 60-45 Ma B.P when the West Philippine Basin was spreading along NE-SW relative to the present orientation.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi Province(No.AA17204088)。
文摘To explore genetic diversity and estimate the genetic differences among populations of Lutraria maxima in the coastal waters off south to southeast China,the morphology of the species of five different geographical populations(Beihai,Weizhou Island,Zhanjiang,Xiamen,and Fuzhou)in Guangxi,Guangdong,and Fujian provinces was studied statistically in combination with the microsatellite markers.As revealed by morphological principal component analysis(PCA),the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components was 72.596%.The discrimination accuracy ranged from 47.5%to 80.0%,and the scatter plots of principal component and discriminant analysis were consistent in overall,showing that the Xiamen and Fuzhou populations were overlapped obviously.For microsatellite markers,10 pairs of polymorphic primers were obtained by high-throughput transcriptome sequencing,and used for genetic diversity analysis.It was showed that the average number of alleles and eff ective alleles observed in each population ranged from 8.100 to 10.900,and from 3.497 to 4.228,respectively.The average observed heterozygosity(H_(o))and expected heterozygosity(H_(e))in the five populations ranged from 0.541 to 0.615,and from 0.642 to 0.733,respectively.The genetic distance(DA)ranged from 0.078 to 0.523,and the population genetic differentiation index(F_(ST))ranged from 0.027 to 0.139.The unweighted pair-population method with arithmetic means(UPGMA)and structure analysis showed that the five populations could be divided into two main clusters,the Beibu Gulf group(Beihai and Weizhou Island)and the Southeast China Sea group(Zhanjiang,Xiamen,and Fuzhou),suggesting that L.maxima has been separated geographically by the barrier of the Leizhou Peninsula into two groups in evolution,which provided us with a scientific clue to better protect the bioresource and establish an appropriate fishery management stocks for L.maxima populations in south China.
文摘The study was accomplished to identify the characteristics of village chickens’ (VCs) genetic resources in the Abu-Dhabi Emirate of United Arab Emirate (UAE) and to study factors affecting these characteristics. Each bird was individually observed, identified, measured and characterized of thirteen VCs pure breeds and crossbreds. The overall VCs had normal feather morphology (95.1%) and distribution (77%). Except for Fayomi chickens which were 100% mottled, no specific plumage pattern was found. Almost 52% of the VCs had white skins. Six different colors were reported for the shanks and maximized for white shanks (34.3%). Large breasts (46%) were more available. The predominant plumage color was mixed colors (37.5%). Face size tended to be small (42.8%) to medium (40.4%). More brown (48.9%) then orange (27.3%) eyes were found. Dark (49.7%) beaks were more available than white (28.6%) or yellow (21.7%) beaks. The distribution of wattle colors was similar to that of ear-lob colors with some variation. Small wattles (41.9%) were most available. Single comb (82.4%) is the most available;11 other types and one with no comb were represented with low frequencies. In the whole sample, red and white combs (56.7%) were the most available;however, plain red (23.8%) and red and black (15.5%) were represented. Results of factors influence showed that body weight was high significantly (P < 0.01) influenced by the interaction between both breed and region and breed and sex. Significant (P < 0.01) influence of interaction was observed between breed and location on body length, wing span and shank length. The interaction between breed and sex only significantly (P < 0.01) influenced shank length. Though, all main effects of breed, sex and region significantly (P < 0.01) influenced continuous measures. Most morphological characteristics were significantly (P < 0.01) different among breeds. This study reported the morphological characteristics of the different VCs breeds kept in Abu-Dhabi Emirate, which considered the scientific base for future implementing of conservation and/or genetic improvement programs.
基金the key projects of technological innovation(No.2016ABA111)the key projects of forest tree culture(No.2016YFD0600302-4)sponsored by Hubei province government。
文摘The structural characteristics of the tree crowns of Cunninghamia lanceolata var. Luotian(herein, Luotian), a natural variety of C. lanceolata(Chinese-fir, herein Lanceolata) in China, were analyzed using trunk and branch measurements and biomass determinations. Samples from two typical cultivated varietal populations were collected, including twenty-six 15–23-year-old trees of Luotian from a plantation, and nine 16–23-year-old trees of Lanceolata. Our results show that Luotian and Lanceolata samples differed significantly in crown structure, morphological indices, and biomass:(1) the oldest live branches on Luotian trees were 5–6 years old and 8–11 years old on Lanceolata. The ages of the live branches were not affected by the ages of the Luotian trees, while live branch ages increased with ages of Lanceolata trees;(2) the maximumbranching order of Luotian was level two. Compared to Lanceolata, the average number of first-order lateral branches(i.e., branches emerging from the trunk) and the number of first-order lateral branch whorls per sample tree were 12.9% and 32.2% lower, respectively, in Luotian.However, the average number of branches within a single whorl was 21.8% greater in Luotian;the average number of branch whorls at crown height was 51.1% greater. Thus,the Luotian variety has thicker branches;(3) the average lateral branch angles in Luotian and Lanceolata sample trees were 105.2° and 61.4°, respectively. The branch angles in 53.0% of lateral branches on Luotian ranged from105° to 135°, but 30° to 90° in 96% of the lateral branches on Lanceolata. Within the same crown layer, the average branch angle was 1.6–2.2 times greater in Luotian, and the angle was directly proportional to crown thickness;(4) the average base diameter and branch length on Luotian were1.3 cm and 75.8 cm, respectively, and 1.6 cm and112.2 cm for Lanceolata. For individual trees, branch growth differed significantly(p < 0.01) between Luotian and Lanceolata. However, the lateral branches grew at a similar rate among Luotian trees of different ages;(5) the average height to the lowest live branch on Luotian was128.3% greater than on Lanceolata, resulting in a significant difference(p < 0.01) in crown size. Compared to the crowns on Lanceolata, the Luotian crowns were 45.3%higher and 41.1% wider, and the surface area, volume, and growth of the crown were 27.0%, 11.4%, and 2.4 times greater than for Lanceolata, respectively;and,(6) the biomass of Luotian and Lanceolata sample trees also differed significantly. The mean crown, branch, and leaf biomass for Luotian was 40.0%, 25.2%, and 54.1% of those for Lanceolata, respectively. However, the leaf biomass in each layer of the Luotian crown was higher thanthat of Lanceolata, and leaf biomass increased with crown thickness.
文摘Objective: To describe the epidemiological, clinical, biological and morphological aspects of primary liver cancer (PLC). Patients and Methods: We conducted a 38-month cross-sectional study in the Department of hepatogas-troenterology and Internal Medicine “Amitié Sino-Centrafraine” University Hospital Center in Bangui. Included in the study were all patients with a diagnosis of PLC. The PLC’s diagnostic arguments were the large tumor liver associated or not with the elevation of alpha-fetoprotein, the heteronodular liver hypervascularized on abdominal ultrasound. Data analysis was done using Epi Info 3.5.1 software. Results: We collected 115 cases of CPF among 2410 hospitalized patients (4.7%). There were 86 men and 29 women (sex ratio: 2.9). The average age was 50 years old. The main risk factors were alcohol consumption (72.2%) and chronic hepatitis B infection (67.4%). Frequent clinical signs were pain in the right hypochondrium and/or epigastric (93.86%), large tumor liver under examination (91.3%), weight loss (74.78%). The serum alpha-fetoprotein concentration was ≥ 400 ng/ml in 73% of the cases. The abdominal ultrasound found a heteronodular liver in all patients. The nodules were multiple hyperechoic in 66.1% of the cases. According to the Child-Pugh classification, the patients were classified as B (49.5%) and C (33.9%). The Okuda Classification ranked patients at stage 1 in 16.5% cases, stage 2 in 52.1% cases and stage 3 in 31.3% cases. According to the BCLC classification, 5.2% of patients were in stage A, 12.2% in stage B, 52.2 in stage C and 30.4% in stage D. Death was recorded during hospitalization in 89 cases (77.4%). Conclusion: CPF is a frequent and serious pathology in Bangui. Its diagnosis is often late, preventing curative treatment. The main causes are alcohol consumption and the hepatitis B virus. The population should be educated to reduce the incidence of this disease.
文摘Sago mushrooms (SMs) are an edible fungus that is favorite food for community in Papua and West Papua, Indonesia in particular. This work aims to determine the morphological characteristics and nutritional value of SMs growing naturally in Manokwari. Morphological characteristic of SMs that grows wild in Manokwari has an average of pileus diameter 9.53 cm, pileus weight 21.53 grams, and pileus color. The pileus color is divided into three colors: outer circle color is RHS163D, middle circle color is RHS199B, and inner circle color is RHS199A. Average of stipe diameter, length, and weight is 1.00 cm, 10.43 cm, and 9.15 gram respectively. Stipe is a yellowish white color (RHS155B). SMs nutrient content that grows naturally in Manokwari is potassium 1394.02 milli-grams and calcium 13.37 milligrams per 1000 grams fresh weight. The others nutrient contents of SMs that are measured are fat 1.01 grams, protein 1.30 grams, carbohydrates 0.18 grams, phosphorus 0.34 milligrams, and energy 15.01 kilocalories per 100 grams of fresh weight.
文摘The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of Napier cultivars in terms of forage yield, plant morphology and nutrient contents under two different agro-ecology and geo-topographic conditions. Three Napier cultivars being conserved by Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), namely-BLRI</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Napier 1, (BN-1), BLRI</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Napier 3 (BN-3) and Merkeron (BN-5) were selected to cultivate in severe drought prone areas (called Barind) and non-drought area at Savar (Modhupur terrace). Stem cuttings were planted in rows apart from 70 cm and 35cm spacing between plants. Data of 6 consecutive harvests from a period of approximately one year were collected and analyzed statistically by “R” software. The results showed that cultivar and location had </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">significant (P < 0.001) effect on biomass yield, plant height and leaf-stem ratio (LSR), while number of tillers </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">significantly varied with locations. BN-3 yielded the highest biomass (33.32 t/ha/harvest) at non-drought location (42.98 t/ha/harvest). The highest plant height was obtained in BN-1 (171.2 cm) at non-drought location (174.6 cm). Number of tiller</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> per hill ranged from 25.4 to 26.3 among cultivars (P > 0.05) and the highest tillers were found at non-drought location (28.1 no). The best LSR was estimated from BN-5 (0.86) at drought location (0.95). The proximate analysis showed that CP, ADF and NDF in whole plant </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">varied significantly (P < 0.001), being the highest contents in BN-1 (10.69%, 46.20% and 54.58%, respectively). On the other hand, DM and ash contents did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) among cultivars which ranged from 15.80% to 17.13% and 13.10% to 14.58%, respectively. The highest CP content in whole plant was obtained at non-drought location (11.89%), while the lowest ash (10.57%) and NDF (52.71%) contents were obtained at the same location. The highest CP contents in leaf were found at non-drought (15.03%) and the lowest ash (9.86%) at the same location. The highest CP contents (5.90%) in stem were found at non-drought location, while the lowest ash (11.28%) and NDF (54.59%) contents </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were obtained </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">at the same location. Finally, the experiment reveals the superiority in biomass yield and nutritional quality (in</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">terms of CP content) with the ranking orders of BN-3 > BN-1 > BN-5 and BN-1 > BN-3 > BN-5. Therefore, it may be concluded that BN-1, BN-3</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and BN-5 cultivars were well adapted in both drought and non-drought conditions, although performance showed better in later condition</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. However, in terms of forage yield and overall nutrient composition, the performance of BN-3 was the best irrespective of locations.
文摘The presence of distinct morphological markers in monosomics is important for selection and maintenance of the monosomic plants in subsequent generations and for a well-targeted chromosome substitutions. Here we present cytological and morphological features of the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) monosomic lines developed in Uzbekistan, and their identification by means of translocation tests. We report “reduced” stigma as a new phenotypic marker for cotton monosomics, which makes it possible to distinguish cytotypes without cytological analyses. We identified eleven cotton monosomes by translocation tests using our 28 translocation cotton lines. We determined such features of the cotton monosomic lines as significant lowering of the pollen fertility, genetic determination of variation in pollen fertility in different flowers of the same monosomic plants and variation of both meiotic index and tetrads with micronuclei in different buds. New features of cotton monosomic lines, described herein, should be useful for future cotton genome investigation and development of new chromosome substitution lines.
基金Funding was provided by the Marine Public Special Project (201105001 and 201205004)the Natural Science Foundation (China project, 41276058)
文摘A DTM map of the study area in the Taiwan Shoal was drawn based on precise and highdensity data acquired in a field survey by a multi-beam sounding system(R2Sonic2024). We identified sand waves in the study area at water depths of 13.89–49.12 m; the main sand waves had heights of 5–25 m, lengths of 0.1–2.0 km, and crest lines 0.1–6.5 km long. The spatial distribution of the sand waves on the seabed is dense in the north and sparse in the south and the directions range between 50°–80° and 90°–135°. Between the main sand waves, secondary sand waves develop with heights of 0.1–5.0 m and lengths of 10–100 m, which are difficult to detect by satellite remote sensing. By comparing the evolution structures of the secondary and main sand waves, we identified three evolution modes of the secondary sand waves: parallel, oblique, and divergent modes according to the relative crest directions. Suitable water depth, reciprocating current speeds between 40 and 100 cm/s, and abundant sediment supply create favorable conditions for the formation of linear sand waves. Comparing the DTM maps and profiles of the June 2012 and June 2013 surveys of the same area, we found that the shape and morphology of the sand waves remained mostly unchanged under normal hydrodynamic conditions.
