Birds are a huge hazard to agriculture all around the world,causing harm to profitable field crops.Growers use a variety of techniques to keep them away,including visual,auditory,tactile,and olfactory deterrents. This...Birds are a huge hazard to agriculture all around the world,causing harm to profitable field crops.Growers use a variety of techniques to keep them away,including visual,auditory,tactile,and olfactory deterrents. This study presents a comprehensive overview of current bird repellant approaches used in agricultural contexts,as well as potential new ways. The bird repellent techniques include Internet of Things technology,Deep Learning,Convolutional Neural Network,Unmanned Aerial Vehicles,Wireless Sensor Networks and Laser biotechnology. This study’s goal is to find and review about previous approach towards repellent of birds in the crop fields using various technologies.展开更多
Mosquitoes are of great concern for occasionally carrying noxious diseases(dengue,malaria,zika,and yellow fever).To control mosquitoes,it is very crucial to effectively monitor their behavioral trends and presence.Tra...Mosquitoes are of great concern for occasionally carrying noxious diseases(dengue,malaria,zika,and yellow fever).To control mosquitoes,it is very crucial to effectively monitor their behavioral trends and presence.Traditional mosquito repellent works by heating small pads soaked in repellant,which then diffuses a protected area around you,a great alternative to spraying yourself with insecticide.But they have limitations,including the range,turning them on manually,and then waiting for the protection to kick in when the mosquitoes may find you.This research aims to design a fuzzy-based controller to solve the above issues by automatically determining a mosquito repellent’s speed and active time.The speed and active time depend on the repellent cartridge and the number of mosquitoes.The Mamdani model is used in the proposed fuzzy system(FS).The FS consists of identifying unambiguous inputs,a fuzzification process,rule evaluation,and a defuzzification process to produce unambiguous outputs.The input variables used are the repellent cartridge and the number of mosquitoes,and the speed of mosquito repellent is used as the output variable.The whole FS is designed and simulated using MATLAB Simulink R2016b.The proposed FS is executed and verified utilizing a microcontroller using its pulse width modulation capability.Different simulations of the proposed model are performed in many nonlinear processes.Then,a comparative analysis of the outcomes under similar conditions confirms the higher accuracy of the FS,yielding a maximum relative error of 10%.The experimental outcomes show that the root mean square error is reduced by 67.68%,and the mean absolute percentage error is reduced by 52.46%.Using a fuzzy-based mosquito repellent can help maintain the speed of mosquito repellent and control the energy used by the mosquito repellent.展开更多
Objective:To determine the larvicidal and repellent activities of Sida acuta Burm.F.（Family: Malvaceae）extract against Culex quinquefasciatus,Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. Methods:Twenty five late III insta...Objective:To determine the larvicidal and repellent activities of Sida acuta Burm.F.（Family: Malvaceae）extract against Culex quinquefasciatus,Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. Methods:Twenty five late III instar larve of three mosquito species were exposed to various concentrations（15-90 mg/L） and were assayed in the laboratory by using the protocol of WHO 2005:the 24 h LC<sub>50</sub> values of the Sida acuta leaf extract was determined following Probit analysis. The repellent efficacy was determined against three mosquito species at three concentrations viz.,1.0,2.5 and 5.0 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> under the laboratory conditions.Results:Results showed varying degree of larvicidal activity of crude extract of Sida acuta against three important mosquitoes with LC<sub>50</sub> values ranging between 38 to 48 mg/L.The crude extract had strong repellent action against three species of mosquitoes as it provided 100%protection against Anopheles stephensi for 180 min followed by Aedes aegypti（150 min） and Culex quinquefasciatus（120 min）.Conclusions: From the results it can be concluded the crude extract of Sida acuta was an excellent potential for controlling Culex quinquefasciatus,Aedes aegypti and Anopleles stephensi mosquitoes.展开更多
Objective:To determine the ovicidal and repellent activities of methanol leaf extract of Ervatamia coronaria(E.coronaria) and Caeslpinia pulckerrima(C.pulcherrima) against Culex quinquefasciatus(Cx.quinquefasciatus),A...Objective:To determine the ovicidal and repellent activities of methanol leaf extract of Ervatamia coronaria(E.coronaria) and Caeslpinia pulckerrima(C.pulcherrima) against Culex quinquefasciatus(Cx.quinquefasciatus),Aedes aegypti(Ae.aegypti) and Anopheles stephensi(An. stephensi).Methods:The ovicidal activity was determined against three mosquito species at various concentrations ranging from 50-450 ppm under the laboratory conditions.The hatch rates were assessed 48 h after treatment.The repellent efficacy was determined against three mosquito species at three concentrations viz.,1.0,2.5 and 5.0 mg/cm under the laboratory conditions. Results:The crude extract of E.coronaria exerted zero hatchability(100%mortality) at 250.200 and 150 ppm for Cx.quinqitefasciatus,Ae.aegypti and An.stephensi,respectively.The crude extract of C.pulchenima exerted zero hatchability(100%mortality) at 375.300 and 225 ppm for Cx.quinquefasciatus,Ae.aegypti and An.Stephensi,respectively.The methanol extract of E. coronaria found to be more repellenct than C.pukherrima extract.A higher concentration of 5.0 mg/cm^2 provided 100%protection up to 150.180 and 210 min against Cx.quinquefasciatus,Ae. aegypti and An.stephensi,respectively.The results clearly showed that repellent activity was dose dependent.Conclusions:From the results it can be concluded the crude extracts of E.coronaria and C.pukherrima are an excellent potential for controlling Cx.quinquefasciatus,Ae.aegypti and An.stephensi mosquitoes.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the larvicidal and repellent activities of ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Acacia concinna（A.concinna）,Cassia siamea（C.siamea）.Conundrum sativum（C. sativum）,Cuminum cyminum（C.cyminu...Objective:To evaluate the larvicidal and repellent activities of ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Acacia concinna（A.concinna）,Cassia siamea（C.siamea）.Conundrum sativum（C. sativum）,Cuminum cyminum（C.cyminum）,Lantana camma（L.camara）,Nelumbo nucifera （N.nucifera） Phyllanlhus amarus（P.amarus）.Piper nigrum（P.nigrum） and Trachyspermum ammi（T.ammi） against Anopheles stephensi（An.stephensi） and Culex quinquefasciatus（Cx. quinquefasciatus）.Methods:The larvicidal activity of medicinal plant extracts were tested against earl) fourth-instar larvae of malaria and filariasis vectors.The mortality was observed 24 h and 48 h after treatment,data were subjected to probit analysis to determine the lethal concentrations(LC<sub>50</sub> and LC<sub>90</sub>) to kill 50 and 90 per cent of the treated larvae of the tested species. The repellent efficacy was determined against two mosquito species at five concentrations（31.25. 62.50.125.00.250.00,and 500.00 ppm） under the laboratory conditions.Results:All plant extracts showed moderate effects after 24 h and 48 h of exposure;however,the highest activity was observed after 24 h in the leaf methanol extract ol N.nucifera.seed ethyl acetate and methanol extract of P.nigrum against the larvae of An.Stephensi(LC<sub>50</sub> = 34.76.24.54 and 30.20 ppm) and against Cx.quinquefasciatus(LC<sub>50</sub>= 37.49.43.94 and 57.39 ppm),respectively.The toxic effect of leaf methanol extract of C.siamea,seed methanol extract of C.cyminum,leaf ethyl acetate extract of N.nucifera.leaf ethyl acetate and methanol extract of P.amarus and seed methanol extract of T.ammi were showed 100%mortality against An.stephensi and Cx.quinquefasciatus alter 48 h exposer.The maximum repellent activity was observed at 500 ppm in methanol extracts of N. nucifera.ethyl acetate and methanol extract of P.nigrum and methanol extract of T.ammi and the mean complete protection time ranged from 30 to 150 min with the different extracts tested. Conclusions:These results suggest that the leaf and seed extracts of C.siamea.N.nucifera.P. amarus.P.nigrum and T.ammi have the potential to be used as an ideal ecofriendly approach for the control of the An.stephensi and Cx.quinquefasciatus.展开更多
ObjectiveTo determine the adulticidal and repellent activities of different solvent leaf extracts of Eclipta alba (E. alba) and Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata) against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi (An....ObjectiveTo determine the adulticidal and repellent activities of different solvent leaf extracts of Eclipta alba (E. alba) and Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata) against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi (An. stephensi).MethodsAdulticidal efficacy of the crude leaf extracts of E. alba and A. paniculata with five different solvents like benzene, hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and chloroform was tested against the five to six day old adult female mosquitoes of An. stephensi. The adult mortality was observed after 24 h under the laboratory conditions. The repellent efficacy was determined against An. stephensi mosquito species at three concentrations viz., 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/cm2 under laboratory conditions.ResultsAmong the tested solvents the maximum efficacy was observed in the methanol extract. The LC50 and LC90 values of E. alba and A. paniculata against adults of An. stephensi were 150.36, 130.19 ppm and 285.22, 244.16 ppm, respectively. No mortality was observed in controls. The chi-square values were significant at P<0.05 level. Methanol extract of E. alba and A. paniculata was produce maximum repellency against An. stephensi.ConclusionsFrom the results it can be concluded the crude extract of E. alba and A. paniculata was an excellent potential for controlling An. stephensi mosquitoes.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the larvicidal and repellent properties of essential oils from various parts of four plant species Cymbopogan citrates,Cinnamomum zeylanicum,Rosmarinus of ficinalis and Zingiber of ficinale ag...Objective:To investigate the larvicidal and repellent properties of essential oils from various parts of four plant species Cymbopogan citrates,Cinnamomum zeylanicum,Rosmarinus of ficinalis and Zingiber of ficinale against Culex tritaeniorhynchus（Cx.tritaeniorhynchus） and Anopheles subpictus（An.subpktus）.Methods:Essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation method.The mosquitoes were reared in the vector control laboratory and twenty five late third ins tar larvae of Cx.tritaeniorhynchus and An.subpictus were exposed to based on the wide range and narrow range test,essential oil tested at various concentrations ranging from 25 to 250 ppm.The larval mortality was observed after 24 h under the laboratory conditions.The repellent efficacy was determined against two mosquito species at three concentrations viz., 1.0,2.5 and 5.0 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> under laboratory conditions.Results:Results showed all the four plant essential oil produced significant larval mortality against two mosquito species.However,the highest larvicidal activity was observed in the essential oil from Zingiber of ficinale against Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and An.subpktus with the LC<sub>50</sub> and LC<sub>90</sub> values as 98.83,57.98 ppm and 186.55, 104.23 ppm,respectively.All the four essential oil shows significant repellency against Cx. tritaeniorhynchus than An.subpktus.Among four essential oil tested the highest repellency was observed in Zingiber of ficinale,a higher concentration of 5.0 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> provided 100%protection up to 150 and 180 min against Cx.tritaeniorhynchus and An.subpktus,respectively.Conclusions: In this work,it can be concluded that four essential oils which were distilled from Cymbopogan citrates,Cinnamomum zeylanicum,Rosmarinus of ficinalis and Zingiber of ficinale showed promising larvicidal and repellent agent against Cx.tritaeniorhynchus and An.subpktus.展开更多
Objective:To test fumigant and repellent properties of sesquiterpene—rich essential oil from Teucrium polium subsp.capitation(L.).Methods:The fumigant toxicity test was performed at(27±1)℃.(65± 5)%relative...Objective:To test fumigant and repellent properties of sesquiterpene—rich essential oil from Teucrium polium subsp.capitation(L.).Methods:The fumigant toxicity test was performed at(27±1)℃.(65± 5)%relative humidity,and under darkness condition and 24 h exposure time.The chemical composition of the isolated oils was examined by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry.Results:The major compounds were α-cadiuol(46.2%),earyophyllene oxide(25.9%),α muurolol epi(8.1%),cadalene(3.7%) and longiverbenone(2.9%).In all cases,considerable differences in mortality of insect to essential oil vapor were observed in different concentrations and exposure times.Callosobruchus maculatus(C.maculates)(LC_(50)=148.9μL/L air) was more susceptible to the tested plant product than Teucrium castaneum(T.castaneum)(LC_(50)=360.2μL/L ain based on LC_(50)values.In the present investigation,the concentration of 3μ L /mL acetone showed 60% and 52% repellency against T.casteneum and C.maculatus adults,respectively.Conclusions:The results suggests that sesquiterpene—rich essential oils from the tested plant could be used as a potential control agent for stored—product insects.展开更多
Objective:To formulate nanoemulsion from essential oils of Mentha(M.)piperita L.and Eucalyptus(E.)globulus L.and to compare their repellant activity with normal essential oils and N,N-diethyl-m toluamide(DEET)as a sta...Objective:To formulate nanoemulsion from essential oils of Mentha(M.)piperita L.and Eucalyptus(E.)globulus L.and to compare their repellant activity with normal essential oils and N,N-diethyl-m toluamide(DEET)as a standard chemical compound.Methods:In this study,protection time of essential oils and DEET was evaluated on four human subjects using test cage,and their values were determined against Anopheles stephensi.Furthermore,ED50 values for the above essential oils were determined using the ASTM E951-94 method.The compositions of essential oils were determined using GC-MS,and droplet size and zeta potential of the nanoemulsion were measured with dynamic light scattering.Results:The results(expressed as mean±SD)showed that protection time of M.piperita 50%,M.piperita Nano 50%,E.globulus 50%,E.globulus Nano 50%,and DEET 25%was(2.89±0.45)h,(4.17±0.28)h,(0.96±0.27)h,(5.51±0.02)h,and(6.10±0.47)h,respectively.ED50 values were 29.10(95%CI:23.36-36.06)μg/cm^2 for Mentha,19.39(15.35-23.99)μg/cm^2 for Mentha Nano,36.10(28.70-48.01)μg/cm^2 for Eucalyptus,18.50(14.65-23.23)μg/cm^2 for Eucalyptus Nano,and 3.62(2.68-4.55)μg/cm^2 for DEET,respectively.E.globulus Nano and M.piperita Nano provided significantly longer protection than normal essential oils E.globulus and M.piperita(P<0.01).Conclusions:The preparation of nanoemulsion from the essential oils of M.piperita and E.globulus,significantly increases the protection time and reduces ED50 values of these essential oils,hence,M.piperita Nano and E.globulus Nano can be good alternatives to DEET and other chemical compounds.展开更多
Six species of wild rice with different ecophenotypes including Oryza grandiglumis （E6-1, E6-3 / 6-4）, O. minuta （E13-9, E13-13）, O. officinalis（E15-8, E15-13）, O. punctata （E16-1, E16-3, E16-13）, O. granulata...Six species of wild rice with different ecophenotypes including Oryza grandiglumis （E6-1, E6-3 / 6-4）, O. minuta （E13-9, E13-13）, O. officinalis（E15-8, E15-13）, O. punctata （E16-1, E16-3, E16-13）, O. granulata（E7-4）, and O. latifolia（101392, E9-1, E9-10） were extracted with methnol and the repellent activity of the extracts against the two insects Aphis citricola and Panonychus citri were studied. The extracts of O. officinalis E15-8 showed higher repellent rate to the two insects than those of the other species. The repellent rates of the extracts of E15-8 to P. citriand A. citricola were 83.26% and 87.86% at 5×10^4 μg/mL in 24 h and 87.95% and 82.43% in 48 h, respectively. The extracts of O. officinalis E15-8 had the effect of inhibition to the esterase of the two insects.展开更多
Objective:To determine repellent activity of hexane,ethyl acetate,benzene,chloroform and methanol extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum,(C.halicacabum) against Culex quinque/ascialus(Cx.quinquefuscialus),Aedes aegypti(...Objective:To determine repellent activity of hexane,ethyl acetate,benzene,chloroform and methanol extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum,(C.halicacabum) against Culex quinque/ascialus(Cx.quinquefuscialus),Aedes aegypti(Ae.aegypli) and Anopheles slephensi(An.slephensi). Methods:Evaluation was carried out in a net cage(45 cm×30 cm×25 cm) containing 100 blood starved female mosquitoes of three mosquito species and were assayed in the laboratory condition by using the protocol of WHO 2005;The plant leaf crude extracts of C.halicacabum was applied at 1.0,2.5,and 5.0 me/cm^2 separately in the exposed area of the fore arm.Only ethanol served as control.Results:In this observation,the plant crude extracts gave protection against mosquito bites without any allergic reaction to the test person,and also,the repellent activity was dependent on the strength of the plant extracts.The tested plant crude extracts had exerted promising repellent against all the three mosquitoes.Conclusions:From the results it can be concluded the crude extract of C.halicacabum was potential for controlling Cx.quinquefasciatus, Ae.aegypli and An.slephensi mosquitoes.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the larvicidal and repellent efficacy of tetradecanoic acid against Aedes aegrpti（Ae.aegypti） L,and Culex quinquefasciatus（Cx.quinquefasciatus） Say（Diptera: Culicidae）.Methods:Larvicidal...Objective:To investigate the larvicidal and repellent efficacy of tetradecanoic acid against Aedes aegrpti（Ae.aegypti） L,and Culex quinquefasciatus（Cx.quinquefasciatus） Say（Diptera: Culicidae）.Methods:Larvicidal efficacy of tetradecanoic acid was tested at various concentrations against the early third instar larvae of Ae.aegypti and Cx.quinquefasciatus. The repellent activity was determined against two mosquito species at three concentrations viz..1.0.2.5 and 5.0 ppm under the laboratory conditions.Results:The tetradecanoic acid was found to be more effective against Cx.quinquefasciatus than Ae.aegypti larvae.The LC<sub>50</sub> values were 14.08 ppm and 25.10 ppm,respectively.Tetradecanoic acid showed lesser repellency against Ae.aegypti and Cx.quinquefasciatus.The highest repellency was observed in higher concentration of 5.0 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> provided 100%protection up to 60 and 90 min against Ae.aegypti and Cx.quinquefasciatus respectively.Conclusions:From the results it can be concluded the tetradecanoic acid is a potential for controlling Cx.quinquefasciatus and Ae.aegypti mosquitoes.展开更多
Highlight Semaphorin 3A is a classically known axonal guidance cue that mediates axonal growth cone repulsion and collapse.Recent works,however,suggest that it may have the apparently diametrically opposite activity o...Highlight Semaphorin 3A is a classically known axonal guidance cue that mediates axonal growth cone repulsion and collapse.Recent works,however,suggest that it may have the apparently diametrically opposite activity of promoting neuronal regeneration.展开更多
Zingiber cassumunar is an important plant used in traditional medicine and as a natural mosquito re-pellent.However,the compounds responsible for the repellent activity of the plant are still unknown.The aim of the st...Zingiber cassumunar is an important plant used in traditional medicine and as a natural mosquito re-pellent.However,the compounds responsible for the repellent activity of the plant are still unknown.The aim of the study is to identify the components of Z.cassumunar essential oil that show repellent activity against Aedes albopictus.We also evaluated the larvicidal and adulticidal activities of Z.cassumunar essential oil against Ae.albopictus.In-cage mosquito repellent experiments showed that Z.cassumunar essential oil possessed moderate repellent activity with a minimum effective dose(MED)of 0.16±0.01 mg/cm^(20,compared to reference standard N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide(DEET,0.03±0.01 mg/cm^(20).Bioassay-guided fractionation identified the major active compound of Z.cassumunar essential oil as(-)-terpinen-4-ol(1)(MED:0.19±0 mg/cm^(20).We also found that Z.cassumunar essential oil showed moderate larvicidal activity against first instar larvae of Ae.albopictus with a LC50(50%lethal concentration)of 44.9 mg/L after 24 h.Fumigation bioassays showed that Z.cassumunar essential oil exhibits moderate adulticidal activity against Ae.albopictus with a LC50 of 5.44%,while(-)-terpinen-4-ol showed significant adulticidal activity with a LC50 of 2.10%after 24 h.This study verifies that the Z.cassumunar essential oil has mosquito repellent activity,and that(-)-terpinen-4-ol is mainly responsible for this activity.Furthermore,this study provides scientific support for the folk usage of Z.cassumunar essential oil as mosquito repellent and indicates that Z.cassumunar essential oil and(-)-terpinen-4-ol can be used as plant-derived repellents and insecticides for mosquito control.展开更多
Essential oil from clove buds Syzygium aromaticum L. Merr. ＆ Perry （Myrtaceae） was extracted using petroleum ether in Soxhlet apparatus. The resultant oil contained eugenol （48.92%）, caryophyllene （18.55%）, α-...Essential oil from clove buds Syzygium aromaticum L. Merr. ＆ Perry （Myrtaceae） was extracted using petroleum ether in Soxhlet apparatus. The resultant oil contained eugenol （48.92%）, caryophyllene （18.55%）, α-caryophyllene （3.25%）, eugenol acetate （23%）, cis-13-docosenamide （3.2 1%）, presenting more than 96% of the oil. This oil was examined as a fumigant and repellent agent against adults of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Data showed that various concentrations of the oil have revealed dramatic repellent activity against the tested insect, where it gave 100% repellency by 1.0, 0.8, and 0.2% clove oil at 4, 8, 10 min, respectively. The RTs0 and RT95 were 1.1 and 8.0 min at 0.2% and 0.4, 2.6 min at 0.8%, respectively. In addition, fumigation assay has also exhibited strong fumigant activity toward the adults of T. castaneum. At 100 μL oil/L air, mortality was 75, 80 and 100% after 6, 7, and 8 days exposure period with LCs0 and LC95 17 and 70 μL/L air, respectively. The utilization of clove oil for its potential effects against stored product insect is discussed.展开更多
Obective:To evaluate the larvieidal.ovieidal and repellent properties of solvent extracts of marine sponge Cliona celala(C.celata)(Grant) against the malarial vector Anopheles stephensi(An.stephensi) Listen.Methods:Ma...Obective:To evaluate the larvieidal.ovieidal and repellent properties of solvent extracts of marine sponge Cliona celala(C.celata)(Grant) against the malarial vector Anopheles stephensi(An.stephensi) Listen.Methods:Marine sponge C.celala was thoroughly washed with distilled water and shade dried for 48 h.Then the sponges were homogenized and extracted sequentially with hexane,ethyl acetate and methanol,Lanvicidal and ovicidal activities were tested at four different concentrations viz.,62.5.125.0.250.0 and 500.0 ppm.for repellent study extracts were taken in three different concentrations viz..5.0.2.5.1.0 mg/cm at.Results:Among the three solvent extracts of C.celata,methanol extract showed thc highest lanvieidal activity at 500 ppm against the fourth inslar larvae of An.stephensi.The LC_(50)and LC_(90) values of C.celata methanol extract were recorded as 80.61 and 220.81 ppm against An.stephensi larvae respectively.High ovieidal activity of 91.2%was recorded al 500 ppm concentration of methanol extract.The haxane extract was found to be the most effective protectant against the adult female mosquitoes of An.stephensi.The mean protection time recorded in hexane extract was up to 245 min at 5 mg/cm^2 dosage against An.Stephensi adults.Conclusions:The screening results suggest that the hexane and methanol extracts of C.celata arc promising in mosquito control.Considering these bioaclivitics.C.celata could the probed further to obtain some novel pesticidal molecules.展开更多
Objective:To elucidate for the first time the phenological stage effect on polyphenol,flavonoid and proanthocyanidin contents of pennyroyal(Mentha pulegium)as well as their antioxidant capacities and insecticidal pote...Objective:To elucidate for the first time the phenological stage effect on polyphenol,flavonoid and proanthocyanidin contents of pennyroyal(Mentha pulegium)as well as their antioxidant capacities and insecticidal potentials against Tribolium castaneum and Lasioderma serricorne.Methods:Crude methanol extracts from pennyroyal(Mentha pulegium)aerial parts were evaluated for their anti radical,reducing power activities and repellent potentials against selected coleopteran insects during different phenological stages.Results:Phenolic contents of pennyroyal aerial parts and their antioxidant effects were significantly dependent on maturity stage of the plant.The maximum of phenol production was reached during the full flowering stage.Apigenin was the major phenol in Mentha pulegium with an amount of6.01 mg/g of dry vegetable matter during this period.Nevertheless,at fructification stage,the highest antioxidant activity was not related to high phenolic content.The repulsive effect of pennyroyal extract showed that Lasioderma serricorne was more susceptible to pennyroyal extract than Tribolium castarneum with corresponding median repellent dose values of 0.124and 0.006 mg/mL respectively.Moreover,great differences in insect repulsion depending on extract concentrations,exposure time and developmental stage was observed.For the lowest concentration(0.125 mg/mL),the repellent effect against Tribolium reached its maximum(90%)during the fructification stage(after 24 h of exposure)while this repellent effect was 80%during the vegetative stage.Conclusions:Due to the strong insecticidal potential of pennyroyal extracts,this study highlights the therapeutic properties of this plant and encourages its use as a safer,environmental-friendly and efficient insecticide in food industry.展开更多
This study demonstrated that the variation in physical and chemical performance on cotton double jersey knit fabrics was decided by the knit structure, water repellent chemicals types and their concentration. Here, tw...This study demonstrated that the variation in physical and chemical performance on cotton double jersey knit fabrics was decided by the knit structure, water repellent chemicals types and their concentration. Here, two types of double jersey fabrics were treated with different types of water repellent chemicals at different formulations to evaluate the performance of water repellent finishes on knit fabrics properties. The levels of water repellency of the fabrics were assessed by AATCC 127 hydrostatic head test method and by ISO 4920:2012 spray rating test method. To evaluate the performance of water repellent finishes on knit fabric properties, GSM, bursting strength test according to ASTM (D 3786-87) method, air permeability, color fastness to wash, water, perspiration, chlorinated water and color fastness to rubbing with ISO method were done. The results showed that both physical and chemical properties of the finished cotton knits, depend to a great extent on knit structure, the water repellent finish type and concentration to obtain water repellent fabrics with desirable properties.展开更多
In order to enhance the water repellence property of cotton fabric, cotton fabric was grafted using hexafluorobutyl methacrylate( HFMT) monomer via atom transfer radical polymerization( ATRP) method. Water repellent c...In order to enhance the water repellence property of cotton fabric, cotton fabric was grafted using hexafluorobutyl methacrylate( HFMT) monomer via atom transfer radical polymerization( ATRP) method. Water repellent cotton fabric was successfully prepared, and characterized by scanning electron microscopy( SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy( FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy( XPS). The SEM images of the HFMT-treated cotton displayed significant difference from the untreated one. FT-IR characterization of the HFMTtreated cotton indicated that HFMT was successfully grafted onto the surface of the cotton fabric. XPS analysis indicated that the fluorine element of the HFMT-treated cotton existing on the surface of the cotton fabric. The surface contact angle test as well as the water repellence rating test showed that the water repellence of the HFMTtreated cotton fabric was much better than that of the untreated cotton fabric. The surface contact angle of the HFMT-treated cotton fabric could reach( 132. 4 ± 2. 2) °,and the water repellence rating could achieve grade 3. The washing durability of the HFMT-treated fabric was also investigated. The surface contact angle of the HFMTtreated cotton fabric could reach( 121. 1 ± 2. 1) ° after 20 washing times. Furthermore, the whiteness, air permeability, breaking strength,and breaking elongation of the HFMT-treated cotton fabric decreased slightly compared with the untreated cotton fabric.Finally,cotton fabric with good water repellence property and excellent washing durability could be obtained with little effect on the intrinsic properties of cotton fabric.展开更多
The waterproof and oil-repellent finishing of the dyed single-sided plain cotton fabric was carried out by two-dip and two-pad process. The influences of baking temperature (°C), baking time (min), concentrati...The waterproof and oil-repellent finishing of the dyed single-sided plain cotton fabric was carried out by two-dip and two-pad process. The influences of baking temperature (°C), baking time (min), concentration of finishing solution (g/L) and percentage of liquid on waterproof effect of fabric were analyzed;the influences of the contact angle and the baking temperature (°C), the baking time (min) and the concentration of the finishing agent (g/L) on the oil repellency of the fabric were investigated. The results showed that the best water-repellent finishing technology for cotton fabric was the concentration of finishing agent 30 g/L, the baking temperature 110°C, the baking time 1.5 min and the liquid-uptake 70%. The best oil-repellent finishing process for cotton fabric is 35 g/L for finishing agent, 150°C for baking temperature, and 1.5 min for baking time and pick up rate of 80%. After cotton fabric is treated with water-repellent and oil-repellent agent, the water-repellent contact angle of the fabric can reach 128°and the oil-repellent grade 6. The best finishing effect is obtained at this time. After the finishing agent acts on the surface of the fibre, the surface properties of the fibre can be changed, and the surface of the fibre can be changed from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity. The finishing agent has good film-forming property, which makes the surface of cotton fibre smooth and has good waterproof and oil-repellent performance.展开更多
文摘Birds are a huge hazard to agriculture all around the world,causing harm to profitable field crops.Growers use a variety of techniques to keep them away,including visual,auditory,tactile,and olfactory deterrents. This study presents a comprehensive overview of current bird repellant approaches used in agricultural contexts,as well as potential new ways. The bird repellent techniques include Internet of Things technology,Deep Learning,Convolutional Neural Network,Unmanned Aerial Vehicles,Wireless Sensor Networks and Laser biotechnology. This study’s goal is to find and review about previous approach towards repellent of birds in the crop fields using various technologies.
文摘Mosquitoes are of great concern for occasionally carrying noxious diseases(dengue,malaria,zika,and yellow fever).To control mosquitoes,it is very crucial to effectively monitor their behavioral trends and presence.Traditional mosquito repellent works by heating small pads soaked in repellant,which then diffuses a protected area around you,a great alternative to spraying yourself with insecticide.But they have limitations,including the range,turning them on manually,and then waiting for the protection to kick in when the mosquitoes may find you.This research aims to design a fuzzy-based controller to solve the above issues by automatically determining a mosquito repellent’s speed and active time.The speed and active time depend on the repellent cartridge and the number of mosquitoes.The Mamdani model is used in the proposed fuzzy system(FS).The FS consists of identifying unambiguous inputs,a fuzzification process,rule evaluation,and a defuzzification process to produce unambiguous outputs.The input variables used are the repellent cartridge and the number of mosquitoes,and the speed of mosquito repellent is used as the output variable.The whole FS is designed and simulated using MATLAB Simulink R2016b.The proposed FS is executed and verified utilizing a microcontroller using its pulse width modulation capability.Different simulations of the proposed model are performed in many nonlinear processes.Then,a comparative analysis of the outcomes under similar conditions confirms the higher accuracy of the FS,yielding a maximum relative error of 10%.The experimental outcomes show that the root mean square error is reduced by 67.68%,and the mean absolute percentage error is reduced by 52.46%.Using a fuzzy-based mosquito repellent can help maintain the speed of mosquito repellent and control the energy used by the mosquito repellent.
文摘Objective:To determine the larvicidal and repellent activities of Sida acuta Burm.F.（Family: Malvaceae）extract against Culex quinquefasciatus,Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. Methods:Twenty five late III instar larve of three mosquito species were exposed to various concentrations（15-90 mg/L） and were assayed in the laboratory by using the protocol of WHO 2005:the 24 h LC<sub>50</sub> values of the Sida acuta leaf extract was determined following Probit analysis. The repellent efficacy was determined against three mosquito species at three concentrations viz.,1.0,2.5 and 5.0 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> under the laboratory conditions.Results:Results showed varying degree of larvicidal activity of crude extract of Sida acuta against three important mosquitoes with LC<sub>50</sub> values ranging between 38 to 48 mg/L.The crude extract had strong repellent action against three species of mosquitoes as it provided 100%protection against Anopheles stephensi for 180 min followed by Aedes aegypti（150 min） and Culex quinquefasciatus（120 min）.Conclusions: From the results it can be concluded the crude extract of Sida acuta was an excellent potential for controlling Culex quinquefasciatus,Aedes aegypti and Anopleles stephensi mosquitoes.
文摘Objective:To determine the ovicidal and repellent activities of methanol leaf extract of Ervatamia coronaria(E.coronaria) and Caeslpinia pulckerrima(C.pulcherrima) against Culex quinquefasciatus(Cx.quinquefasciatus),Aedes aegypti(Ae.aegypti) and Anopheles stephensi(An. stephensi).Methods:The ovicidal activity was determined against three mosquito species at various concentrations ranging from 50-450 ppm under the laboratory conditions.The hatch rates were assessed 48 h after treatment.The repellent efficacy was determined against three mosquito species at three concentrations viz.,1.0,2.5 and 5.0 mg/cm under the laboratory conditions. Results:The crude extract of E.coronaria exerted zero hatchability(100%mortality) at 250.200 and 150 ppm for Cx.quinqitefasciatus,Ae.aegypti and An.stephensi,respectively.The crude extract of C.pulchenima exerted zero hatchability(100%mortality) at 375.300 and 225 ppm for Cx.quinquefasciatus,Ae.aegypti and An.Stephensi,respectively.The methanol extract of E. coronaria found to be more repellenct than C.pukherrima extract.A higher concentration of 5.0 mg/cm^2 provided 100%protection up to 150.180 and 210 min against Cx.quinquefasciatus,Ae. aegypti and An.stephensi,respectively.The results clearly showed that repellent activity was dose dependent.Conclusions:From the results it can be concluded the crude extracts of E.coronaria and C.pukherrima are an excellent potential for controlling Cx.quinquefasciatus,Ae.aegypti and An.stephensi mosquitoes.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the larvicidal and repellent activities of ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Acacia concinna（A.concinna）,Cassia siamea（C.siamea）.Conundrum sativum（C. sativum）,Cuminum cyminum（C.cyminum）,Lantana camma（L.camara）,Nelumbo nucifera （N.nucifera） Phyllanlhus amarus（P.amarus）.Piper nigrum（P.nigrum） and Trachyspermum ammi（T.ammi） against Anopheles stephensi（An.stephensi） and Culex quinquefasciatus（Cx. quinquefasciatus）.Methods:The larvicidal activity of medicinal plant extracts were tested against earl) fourth-instar larvae of malaria and filariasis vectors.The mortality was observed 24 h and 48 h after treatment,data were subjected to probit analysis to determine the lethal concentrations(LC<sub>50</sub> and LC<sub>90</sub>) to kill 50 and 90 per cent of the treated larvae of the tested species. The repellent efficacy was determined against two mosquito species at five concentrations（31.25. 62.50.125.00.250.00,and 500.00 ppm） under the laboratory conditions.Results:All plant extracts showed moderate effects after 24 h and 48 h of exposure;however,the highest activity was observed after 24 h in the leaf methanol extract ol N.nucifera.seed ethyl acetate and methanol extract of P.nigrum against the larvae of An.Stephensi(LC<sub>50</sub> = 34.76.24.54 and 30.20 ppm) and against Cx.quinquefasciatus(LC<sub>50</sub>= 37.49.43.94 and 57.39 ppm),respectively.The toxic effect of leaf methanol extract of C.siamea,seed methanol extract of C.cyminum,leaf ethyl acetate extract of N.nucifera.leaf ethyl acetate and methanol extract of P.amarus and seed methanol extract of T.ammi were showed 100%mortality against An.stephensi and Cx.quinquefasciatus alter 48 h exposer.The maximum repellent activity was observed at 500 ppm in methanol extracts of N. nucifera.ethyl acetate and methanol extract of P.nigrum and methanol extract of T.ammi and the mean complete protection time ranged from 30 to 150 min with the different extracts tested. Conclusions:These results suggest that the leaf and seed extracts of C.siamea.N.nucifera.P. amarus.P.nigrum and T.ammi have the potential to be used as an ideal ecofriendly approach for the control of the An.stephensi and Cx.quinquefasciatus.
基金the Department of Science and Technology(DST,SERC-Fast Track Young Scientist Project), New Delhi,India for providing financial assistance for the present investigation
文摘ObjectiveTo determine the adulticidal and repellent activities of different solvent leaf extracts of Eclipta alba (E. alba) and Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata) against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi (An. stephensi).MethodsAdulticidal efficacy of the crude leaf extracts of E. alba and A. paniculata with five different solvents like benzene, hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and chloroform was tested against the five to six day old adult female mosquitoes of An. stephensi. The adult mortality was observed after 24 h under the laboratory conditions. The repellent efficacy was determined against An. stephensi mosquito species at three concentrations viz., 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/cm2 under laboratory conditions.ResultsAmong the tested solvents the maximum efficacy was observed in the methanol extract. The LC50 and LC90 values of E. alba and A. paniculata against adults of An. stephensi were 150.36, 130.19 ppm and 285.22, 244.16 ppm, respectively. No mortality was observed in controls. The chi-square values were significant at P<0.05 level. Methanol extract of E. alba and A. paniculata was produce maximum repellency against An. stephensi.ConclusionsFrom the results it can be concluded the crude extract of E. alba and A. paniculata was an excellent potential for controlling An. stephensi mosquitoes.
文摘Objective:To investigate the larvicidal and repellent properties of essential oils from various parts of four plant species Cymbopogan citrates,Cinnamomum zeylanicum,Rosmarinus of ficinalis and Zingiber of ficinale against Culex tritaeniorhynchus（Cx.tritaeniorhynchus） and Anopheles subpictus（An.subpktus）.Methods:Essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation method.The mosquitoes were reared in the vector control laboratory and twenty five late third ins tar larvae of Cx.tritaeniorhynchus and An.subpictus were exposed to based on the wide range and narrow range test,essential oil tested at various concentrations ranging from 25 to 250 ppm.The larval mortality was observed after 24 h under the laboratory conditions.The repellent efficacy was determined against two mosquito species at three concentrations viz., 1.0,2.5 and 5.0 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> under laboratory conditions.Results:Results showed all the four plant essential oil produced significant larval mortality against two mosquito species.However,the highest larvicidal activity was observed in the essential oil from Zingiber of ficinale against Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and An.subpktus with the LC<sub>50</sub> and LC<sub>90</sub> values as 98.83,57.98 ppm and 186.55, 104.23 ppm,respectively.All the four essential oil shows significant repellency against Cx. tritaeniorhynchus than An.subpktus.Among four essential oil tested the highest repellency was observed in Zingiber of ficinale,a higher concentration of 5.0 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> provided 100%protection up to 150 and 180 min against Cx.tritaeniorhynchus and An.subpktus,respectively.Conclusions: In this work,it can be concluded that four essential oils which were distilled from Cymbopogan citrates,Cinnamomum zeylanicum,Rosmarinus of ficinalis and Zingiber of ficinale showed promising larvicidal and repellent agent against Cx.tritaeniorhynchus and An.subpktus.
文摘Objective:To test fumigant and repellent properties of sesquiterpene—rich essential oil from Teucrium polium subsp.capitation(L.).Methods:The fumigant toxicity test was performed at(27±1)℃.(65± 5)%relative humidity,and under darkness condition and 24 h exposure time.The chemical composition of the isolated oils was examined by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry.Results:The major compounds were α-cadiuol(46.2%),earyophyllene oxide(25.9%),α muurolol epi(8.1%),cadalene(3.7%) and longiverbenone(2.9%).In all cases,considerable differences in mortality of insect to essential oil vapor were observed in different concentrations and exposure times.Callosobruchus maculatus(C.maculates)(LC_(50)=148.9μL/L air) was more susceptible to the tested plant product than Teucrium castaneum(T.castaneum)(LC_(50)=360.2μL/L ain based on LC_(50)values.In the present investigation,the concentration of 3μ L /mL acetone showed 60% and 52% repellency against T.casteneum and C.maculatus adults,respectively.Conclusions:The results suggests that sesquiterpene—rich essential oils from the tested plant could be used as a potential control agent for stored—product insects.
文摘Objective:To formulate nanoemulsion from essential oils of Mentha(M.)piperita L.and Eucalyptus(E.)globulus L.and to compare their repellant activity with normal essential oils and N,N-diethyl-m toluamide(DEET)as a standard chemical compound.Methods:In this study,protection time of essential oils and DEET was evaluated on four human subjects using test cage,and their values were determined against Anopheles stephensi.Furthermore,ED50 values for the above essential oils were determined using the ASTM E951-94 method.The compositions of essential oils were determined using GC-MS,and droplet size and zeta potential of the nanoemulsion were measured with dynamic light scattering.Results:The results(expressed as mean±SD)showed that protection time of M.piperita 50%,M.piperita Nano 50%,E.globulus 50%,E.globulus Nano 50%,and DEET 25%was(2.89±0.45)h,(4.17±0.28)h,(0.96±0.27)h,(5.51±0.02)h,and(6.10±0.47)h,respectively.ED50 values were 29.10(95%CI:23.36-36.06)μg/cm^2 for Mentha,19.39(15.35-23.99)μg/cm^2 for Mentha Nano,36.10(28.70-48.01)μg/cm^2 for Eucalyptus,18.50(14.65-23.23)μg/cm^2 for Eucalyptus Nano,and 3.62(2.68-4.55)μg/cm^2 for DEET,respectively.E.globulus Nano and M.piperita Nano provided significantly longer protection than normal essential oils E.globulus and M.piperita(P<0.01).Conclusions:The preparation of nanoemulsion from the essential oils of M.piperita and E.globulus,significantly increases the protection time and reduces ED50 values of these essential oils,hence,M.piperita Nano and E.globulus Nano can be good alternatives to DEET and other chemical compounds.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30170097）.
文摘Six species of wild rice with different ecophenotypes including Oryza grandiglumis （E6-1, E6-3 / 6-4）, O. minuta （E13-9, E13-13）, O. officinalis（E15-8, E15-13）, O. punctata （E16-1, E16-3, E16-13）, O. granulata（E7-4）, and O. latifolia（101392, E9-1, E9-10） were extracted with methnol and the repellent activity of the extracts against the two insects Aphis citricola and Panonychus citri were studied. The extracts of O. officinalis E15-8 showed higher repellent rate to the two insects than those of the other species. The repellent rates of the extracts of E15-8 to P. citriand A. citricola were 83.26% and 87.86% at 5×10^4 μg/mL in 24 h and 87.95% and 82.43% in 48 h, respectively. The extracts of O. officinalis E15-8 had the effect of inhibition to the esterase of the two insects.
基金supported by Department of Science and Technology(DST.SERC-Fast Track Young Scientist Project-No.SR/FT/LS-072/2008).New Delhi.India
文摘Objective:To determine repellent activity of hexane,ethyl acetate,benzene,chloroform and methanol extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum,(C.halicacabum) against Culex quinque/ascialus(Cx.quinquefuscialus),Aedes aegypti(Ae.aegypli) and Anopheles slephensi(An.slephensi). Methods:Evaluation was carried out in a net cage(45 cm×30 cm×25 cm) containing 100 blood starved female mosquitoes of three mosquito species and were assayed in the laboratory condition by using the protocol of WHO 2005;The plant leaf crude extracts of C.halicacabum was applied at 1.0,2.5,and 5.0 me/cm^2 separately in the exposed area of the fore arm.Only ethanol served as control.Results:In this observation,the plant crude extracts gave protection against mosquito bites without any allergic reaction to the test person,and also,the repellent activity was dependent on the strength of the plant extracts.The tested plant crude extracts had exerted promising repellent against all the three mosquitoes.Conclusions:From the results it can be concluded the crude extract of C.halicacabum was potential for controlling Cx.quinquefasciatus, Ae.aegypli and An.slephensi mosquitoes.
文摘Objective:To investigate the larvicidal and repellent efficacy of tetradecanoic acid against Aedes aegrpti（Ae.aegypti） L,and Culex quinquefasciatus（Cx.quinquefasciatus） Say（Diptera: Culicidae）.Methods:Larvicidal efficacy of tetradecanoic acid was tested at various concentrations against the early third instar larvae of Ae.aegypti and Cx.quinquefasciatus. The repellent activity was determined against two mosquito species at three concentrations viz..1.0.2.5 and 5.0 ppm under the laboratory conditions.Results:The tetradecanoic acid was found to be more effective against Cx.quinquefasciatus than Ae.aegypti larvae.The LC<sub>50</sub> values were 14.08 ppm and 25.10 ppm,respectively.Tetradecanoic acid showed lesser repellency against Ae.aegypti and Cx.quinquefasciatus.The highest repellency was observed in higher concentration of 5.0 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> provided 100%protection up to 60 and 90 min against Ae.aegypti and Cx.quinquefasciatus respectively.Conclusions:From the results it can be concluded the tetradecanoic acid is a potential for controlling Cx.quinquefasciatus and Ae.aegypti mosquitoes.
文摘Highlight Semaphorin 3A is a classically known axonal guidance cue that mediates axonal growth cone repulsion and collapse.Recent works,however,suggest that it may have the apparently diametrically opposite activity of promoting neuronal regeneration.
基金National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(31670337)Research Project(ZYS2016-001)funded by Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources.
文摘Zingiber cassumunar is an important plant used in traditional medicine and as a natural mosquito re-pellent.However,the compounds responsible for the repellent activity of the plant are still unknown.The aim of the study is to identify the components of Z.cassumunar essential oil that show repellent activity against Aedes albopictus.We also evaluated the larvicidal and adulticidal activities of Z.cassumunar essential oil against Ae.albopictus.In-cage mosquito repellent experiments showed that Z.cassumunar essential oil possessed moderate repellent activity with a minimum effective dose(MED)of 0.16±0.01 mg/cm^(20,compared to reference standard N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide(DEET,0.03±0.01 mg/cm^(20).Bioassay-guided fractionation identified the major active compound of Z.cassumunar essential oil as(-)-terpinen-4-ol(1)(MED:0.19±0 mg/cm^(20).We also found that Z.cassumunar essential oil showed moderate larvicidal activity against first instar larvae of Ae.albopictus with a LC50(50%lethal concentration)of 44.9 mg/L after 24 h.Fumigation bioassays showed that Z.cassumunar essential oil exhibits moderate adulticidal activity against Ae.albopictus with a LC50 of 5.44%,while(-)-terpinen-4-ol showed significant adulticidal activity with a LC50 of 2.10%after 24 h.This study verifies that the Z.cassumunar essential oil has mosquito repellent activity,and that(-)-terpinen-4-ol is mainly responsible for this activity.Furthermore,this study provides scientific support for the folk usage of Z.cassumunar essential oil as mosquito repellent and indicates that Z.cassumunar essential oil and(-)-terpinen-4-ol can be used as plant-derived repellents and insecticides for mosquito control.
文摘Essential oil from clove buds Syzygium aromaticum L. Merr. ＆ Perry （Myrtaceae） was extracted using petroleum ether in Soxhlet apparatus. The resultant oil contained eugenol （48.92%）, caryophyllene （18.55%）, α-caryophyllene （3.25%）, eugenol acetate （23%）, cis-13-docosenamide （3.2 1%）, presenting more than 96% of the oil. This oil was examined as a fumigant and repellent agent against adults of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Data showed that various concentrations of the oil have revealed dramatic repellent activity against the tested insect, where it gave 100% repellency by 1.0, 0.8, and 0.2% clove oil at 4, 8, 10 min, respectively. The RTs0 and RT95 were 1.1 and 8.0 min at 0.2% and 0.4, 2.6 min at 0.8%, respectively. In addition, fumigation assay has also exhibited strong fumigant activity toward the adults of T. castaneum. At 100 μL oil/L air, mortality was 75, 80 and 100% after 6, 7, and 8 days exposure period with LCs0 and LC95 17 and 70 μL/L air, respectively. The utilization of clove oil for its potential effects against stored product insect is discussed.
基金Entomology Research Institute,Loyola College for financial assistance
文摘Obective:To evaluate the larvieidal.ovieidal and repellent properties of solvent extracts of marine sponge Cliona celala(C.celata)(Grant) against the malarial vector Anopheles stephensi(An.stephensi) Listen.Methods:Marine sponge C.celala was thoroughly washed with distilled water and shade dried for 48 h.Then the sponges were homogenized and extracted sequentially with hexane,ethyl acetate and methanol,Lanvicidal and ovicidal activities were tested at four different concentrations viz.,62.5.125.0.250.0 and 500.0 ppm.for repellent study extracts were taken in three different concentrations viz..5.0.2.5.1.0 mg/cm at.Results:Among the three solvent extracts of C.celata,methanol extract showed thc highest lanvieidal activity at 500 ppm against the fourth inslar larvae of An.stephensi.The LC_(50)and LC_(90) values of C.celata methanol extract were recorded as 80.61 and 220.81 ppm against An.stephensi larvae respectively.High ovieidal activity of 91.2%was recorded al 500 ppm concentration of methanol extract.The haxane extract was found to be the most effective protectant against the adult female mosquitoes of An.stephensi.The mean protection time recorded in hexane extract was up to 245 min at 5 mg/cm^2 dosage against An.Stephensi adults.Conclusions:The screening results suggest that the hexane and methanol extracts of C.celata arc promising in mosquito control.Considering these bioaclivitics.C.celata could the probed further to obtain some novel pesticidal molecules.
基金funded by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research in Tunisia
文摘Objective:To elucidate for the first time the phenological stage effect on polyphenol,flavonoid and proanthocyanidin contents of pennyroyal(Mentha pulegium)as well as their antioxidant capacities and insecticidal potentials against Tribolium castaneum and Lasioderma serricorne.Methods:Crude methanol extracts from pennyroyal(Mentha pulegium)aerial parts were evaluated for their anti radical,reducing power activities and repellent potentials against selected coleopteran insects during different phenological stages.Results:Phenolic contents of pennyroyal aerial parts and their antioxidant effects were significantly dependent on maturity stage of the plant.The maximum of phenol production was reached during the full flowering stage.Apigenin was the major phenol in Mentha pulegium with an amount of6.01 mg/g of dry vegetable matter during this period.Nevertheless,at fructification stage,the highest antioxidant activity was not related to high phenolic content.The repulsive effect of pennyroyal extract showed that Lasioderma serricorne was more susceptible to pennyroyal extract than Tribolium castarneum with corresponding median repellent dose values of 0.124and 0.006 mg/mL respectively.Moreover,great differences in insect repulsion depending on extract concentrations,exposure time and developmental stage was observed.For the lowest concentration(0.125 mg/mL),the repellent effect against Tribolium reached its maximum(90%)during the fructification stage(after 24 h of exposure)while this repellent effect was 80%during the vegetative stage.Conclusions:Due to the strong insecticidal potential of pennyroyal extracts,this study highlights the therapeutic properties of this plant and encourages its use as a safer,environmental-friendly and efficient insecticide in food industry.
文摘This study demonstrated that the variation in physical and chemical performance on cotton double jersey knit fabrics was decided by the knit structure, water repellent chemicals types and their concentration. Here, two types of double jersey fabrics were treated with different types of water repellent chemicals at different formulations to evaluate the performance of water repellent finishes on knit fabrics properties. The levels of water repellency of the fabrics were assessed by AATCC 127 hydrostatic head test method and by ISO 4920:2012 spray rating test method. To evaluate the performance of water repellent finishes on knit fabric properties, GSM, bursting strength test according to ASTM (D 3786-87) method, air permeability, color fastness to wash, water, perspiration, chlorinated water and color fastness to rubbing with ISO method were done. The results showed that both physical and chemical properties of the finished cotton knits, depend to a great extent on knit structure, the water repellent finish type and concentration to obtain water repellent fabrics with desirable properties.
基金National Natural Science Foundations of China(Nos.51203107,51273134,and 51273140)Jiangsu Province Project of Postgraduate Innovation Engineering,China(No.CXZZ13_0818)+1 种基金Qing Lan Project,Jiangsu,ChinaPriority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China
文摘In order to enhance the water repellence property of cotton fabric, cotton fabric was grafted using hexafluorobutyl methacrylate( HFMT) monomer via atom transfer radical polymerization( ATRP) method. Water repellent cotton fabric was successfully prepared, and characterized by scanning electron microscopy( SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy( FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy( XPS). The SEM images of the HFMT-treated cotton displayed significant difference from the untreated one. FT-IR characterization of the HFMTtreated cotton indicated that HFMT was successfully grafted onto the surface of the cotton fabric. XPS analysis indicated that the fluorine element of the HFMT-treated cotton existing on the surface of the cotton fabric. The surface contact angle test as well as the water repellence rating test showed that the water repellence of the HFMTtreated cotton fabric was much better than that of the untreated cotton fabric. The surface contact angle of the HFMT-treated cotton fabric could reach( 132. 4 ± 2. 2) °,and the water repellence rating could achieve grade 3. The washing durability of the HFMT-treated fabric was also investigated. The surface contact angle of the HFMTtreated cotton fabric could reach( 121. 1 ± 2. 1) ° after 20 washing times. Furthermore, the whiteness, air permeability, breaking strength,and breaking elongation of the HFMT-treated cotton fabric decreased slightly compared with the untreated cotton fabric.Finally,cotton fabric with good water repellence property and excellent washing durability could be obtained with little effect on the intrinsic properties of cotton fabric.
文摘The waterproof and oil-repellent finishing of the dyed single-sided plain cotton fabric was carried out by two-dip and two-pad process. The influences of baking temperature (°C), baking time (min), concentration of finishing solution (g/L) and percentage of liquid on waterproof effect of fabric were analyzed;the influences of the contact angle and the baking temperature (°C), the baking time (min) and the concentration of the finishing agent (g/L) on the oil repellency of the fabric were investigated. The results showed that the best water-repellent finishing technology for cotton fabric was the concentration of finishing agent 30 g/L, the baking temperature 110°C, the baking time 1.5 min and the liquid-uptake 70%. The best oil-repellent finishing process for cotton fabric is 35 g/L for finishing agent, 150°C for baking temperature, and 1.5 min for baking time and pick up rate of 80%. After cotton fabric is treated with water-repellent and oil-repellent agent, the water-repellent contact angle of the fabric can reach 128°and the oil-repellent grade 6. The best finishing effect is obtained at this time. After the finishing agent acts on the surface of the fibre, the surface properties of the fibre can be changed, and the surface of the fibre can be changed from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity. The finishing agent has good film-forming property, which makes the surface of cotton fibre smooth and has good waterproof and oil-repellent performance.
