This paper examines the organisational hierarchies and decision making processes of two Chinese multinational enterprises operating in Vietnam—hina Luoyang Floating Glass Corp. （CLFG） and China TCL Holdings Co. Lt...This paper examines the organisational hierarchies and decision making processes of two Chinese multinational enterprises operating in Vietnam—hina Luoyang Floating Glass Corp. （CLFG） and China TCL Holdings Co. Ltd. （TCL）. For this study, research data were obtained from in-depth interviews of more than 20 government officials in E R. China and Vietnam, and managers and staff of those two enterprises. Results indicate that the organisational structures of the two enterprises are still vertical but complex, although moderate changes made to them post the nationwide economic reform of China. Consequently, decision making process follows a ＂top-down＂ model, sometimes, with insufficient grassroots information. Findings are discussed in the light of political, social and cultural milieu, and implications are drawn for the management of Chinese multinational enterprises operating in overseas markets. Both CLFG and China TCL are structured on task specialisations. However, departmentalisation in TCL＇s overseas division in head office is not only based on products, but also on geographical regions of markets. The organisational structure of TCL in Vietnam is less complex than the international division, but it is more centralised. Decision making at TCL combines more traditional Chinese business philosophy with modern western organisational characteristics. TCL has a strong western influence in its management style. However, some traditional characteristics such as ＂hero＂ leadership influence and political influence are involved with decision making at TCL. Amongst others, the transitional economy, social culture, poor management system and political sensitivity have been major elements influencing decision making. In the case of CLFG. some decisions have been made before proper information has been gathered and analysed.展开更多
Ⅰ.IntroductionDuring the past two decades,many multinationalenterprises(MNEs)have made substantial investmentsin emerging markets.Two factors dominate thereasoning in favor of such an investment strategy:lowlabor cos...Ⅰ.IntroductionDuring the past two decades,many multinationalenterprises(MNEs)have made substantial investmentsin emerging markets.Two factors dominate thereasoning in favor of such an investment strategy:lowlabor costs and the large size of the markets in the hostcountries.While these two economic factors seem quite展开更多
Past research has suggested that diplomacy can play a significant role as a mechanism to pave the way for multinational enterprises(MNEs)in foreign countries.Drawing on the international political economy perspective,...Past research has suggested that diplomacy can play a significant role as a mechanism to pave the way for multinational enterprises(MNEs)in foreign countries.Drawing on the international political economy perspective,this article analyzes the influence of the diplomatic activities of the Chinese government on the location of Chinese MNEs.It develops several hypotheses regarding the influence of three essential tools in the Chinese government's current diplomatic agenda:high-level visits by the Chinese President,the establishment of Confucius Institutes,and the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).The empirical analysis is based on a sample of 972 country-year observations from 2013 to 2021.The results show that high-level government visits and Confucius Institutes positively impacted the location of China's outward foreign direct investments,with the effect being lower in BRI countries.The impact of Confucius Institutes was higher for state-owned enterprises.展开更多
This article outlines the significance of the digital economy,highlighting the challenges to taxation,and introducing the focus of the article on Azerbaijan's perspective.In recent decades,the digital revolution h...This article outlines the significance of the digital economy,highlighting the challenges to taxation,and introducing the focus of the article on Azerbaijan's perspective.In recent decades,the digital revolution has transformed the global economy,reshaping industries,business models,and consumer behavior at an unprecedented pace.This transformation,commonly referred to as the digital economy,encompasses a broad spectrum of activities ranging from e-commerce and digital services to data analytics and cloud computing.As the digital economy continues to expand its influence,traditional tax systems face significant challenges in adapting to this new reality.This has ignited discussions worldwide across various legal and regulatory domains,and international taxation is no exception.The tax consequences are extensive,impacting both direct and indirect taxation,broader tax policy matters,and tax administration.展开更多
Foreign direct investment （FDI） can benefit domestic firms in the host country. Using firm- level data for China, we find statistically positive vertical spillover effects of multinational enterprises on the perform...Foreign direct investment （FDI） can benefit domestic firms in the host country. Using firm- level data for China, we find statistically positive vertical spillover effects of multinational enterprises on the performance of domestic firms through backward and forward supplier- customer relationships. The spillover effects are mainly from large multinational enterprises and are greater for state-owned firms and in poor regions. Our results are robust for both parametric regression and nonparametric matching techniques. Our findings have strong policy implications： while regulations relating to building business relationships with domestic firms when seeking foreign direct investment should be established, such policies should be aimed at private firms, big multinationals and less developed regions.展开更多
China has become a major home country for outward foreign direct investment （OFDI） flows. As a result, the country is increasingly concerned with protecting its OFDI and facilitating the operations of its firms inve...China has become a major home country for outward foreign direct investment （OFDI） flows. As a result, the country is increasingly concerned with protecting its OFDI and facilitating the operations of its firms investing abroad and creating a strong universal international investment law and policy regime. This article briefly reviews the emergence of China as an outward investor. It continues with an analysis of some policy issues related to the rise of FDIfrom emerging markets. A brief discussion of issues central to the future of the international investment law and policy regime follows, before focusing on several outcomes that could be pursued under China＇s G20 leadership： non- binding shared principles that could outline the architecture of a universal framework on international investment; an international support program for sustainable investment facilitation; and the creation of an additional intergovernmental platform that would allow for a continued systematic intergovernmental process to discuss the range of issues related to the governance of international investment, preferably paralleled by an informal, inclusive and result-oriented consensus-building process that takes place outside intergovernmental settings.展开更多
Multinational enterprises(MNEs)make investment decisions according to the distance factors at a sub-national level.This paper made estimates using the gravity model with provincial foreign direct investment(FDI)data f...Multinational enterprises(MNEs)make investment decisions according to the distance factors at a sub-national level.This paper made estimates using the gravity model with provincial foreign direct investment(FDI)data from 2000 to 2012 and employed three concepts of distance.Our emprical results indicate that geographic distance and cultural distance have significant negative effects on FDI flow,whereas economic distance has a significant positive effect.It suggests that FDI prefers to locate in regions that are geographically and culturally close but economically distant from the home country,which further implies that FDI in China is dominated by vertical FDI.Our findings suggest that Chinese provincial governments should place emphasis on attracting FDI from culturally close countries and provide institutional support to encourage and promote horizontal FDI.展开更多
For some 20 years, the rate of investment by EU enterprises into China has been rising, reaching an annual average of some US$5bn over the 10 years to 2009. Conversely, the EU has not been a focus for Chinese investme...For some 20 years, the rate of investment by EU enterprises into China has been rising, reaching an annual average of some US$5bn over the 10 years to 2009. Conversely, the EU has not been a focus for Chinese investments, nor has Chinese investment been important to the EU despite the wide attention given to recent landmark cross-border acquisitions. Therefore, the overall impact of Chinese investment on the European economy is small. However, this situation might now be changing following institutional changes in the EU. In light of the potential for Chinese foreign direct investment to the EU, in this paper we outline the motives for, and patterns of Chinese outward investments to the EU, and the impacts that these investments might exert on the recipient.展开更多
The empirical literature on China＇s outward foreign direct investment mainly relies on aggregate data from official statistics, but the reliability of such data is currently a matter of concern because it does not ta...The empirical literature on China＇s outward foreign direct investment mainly relies on aggregate data from official statistics, but the reliability of such data is currently a matter of concern because it does not take account of relevant features such as industry breakdown, ownership structure and entry mode. A novel firm-level database, EMENDATA, compiled by matching data from several available sources on various types of cross-border deals and including information on group structure, provides a more accurate picture and enables new empirical analyses of the rapidly increasing presence of Chinese companies abroad. Based on this database, this paper offers a more precise assessment of the geographical and sector specialization patterns of Chinese outward foreign direct investment into Europe and suggests new avenues for future research.展开更多
文摘This paper examines the organisational hierarchies and decision making processes of two Chinese multinational enterprises operating in Vietnam—hina Luoyang Floating Glass Corp. （CLFG） and China TCL Holdings Co. Ltd. （TCL）. For this study, research data were obtained from in-depth interviews of more than 20 government officials in E R. China and Vietnam, and managers and staff of those two enterprises. Results indicate that the organisational structures of the two enterprises are still vertical but complex, although moderate changes made to them post the nationwide economic reform of China. Consequently, decision making process follows a ＂top-down＂ model, sometimes, with insufficient grassroots information. Findings are discussed in the light of political, social and cultural milieu, and implications are drawn for the management of Chinese multinational enterprises operating in overseas markets. Both CLFG and China TCL are structured on task specialisations. However, departmentalisation in TCL＇s overseas division in head office is not only based on products, but also on geographical regions of markets. The organisational structure of TCL in Vietnam is less complex than the international division, but it is more centralised. Decision making at TCL combines more traditional Chinese business philosophy with modern western organisational characteristics. TCL has a strong western influence in its management style. However, some traditional characteristics such as ＂hero＂ leadership influence and political influence are involved with decision making at TCL. Amongst others, the transitional economy, social culture, poor management system and political sensitivity have been major elements influencing decision making. In the case of CLFG. some decisions have been made before proper information has been gathered and analysed.
文摘Ⅰ.IntroductionDuring the past two decades,many multinationalenterprises(MNEs)have made substantial investmentsin emerging markets.Two factors dominate thereasoning in favor of such an investment strategy:lowlabor costs and the large size of the markets in the hostcountries.While these two economic factors seem quite
文摘Past research has suggested that diplomacy can play a significant role as a mechanism to pave the way for multinational enterprises(MNEs)in foreign countries.Drawing on the international political economy perspective,this article analyzes the influence of the diplomatic activities of the Chinese government on the location of Chinese MNEs.It develops several hypotheses regarding the influence of three essential tools in the Chinese government's current diplomatic agenda:high-level visits by the Chinese President,the establishment of Confucius Institutes,and the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).The empirical analysis is based on a sample of 972 country-year observations from 2013 to 2021.The results show that high-level government visits and Confucius Institutes positively impacted the location of China's outward foreign direct investments,with the effect being lower in BRI countries.The impact of Confucius Institutes was higher for state-owned enterprises.
文摘This article outlines the significance of the digital economy,highlighting the challenges to taxation,and introducing the focus of the article on Azerbaijan's perspective.In recent decades,the digital revolution has transformed the global economy,reshaping industries,business models,and consumer behavior at an unprecedented pace.This transformation,commonly referred to as the digital economy,encompasses a broad spectrum of activities ranging from e-commerce and digital services to data analytics and cloud computing.As the digital economy continues to expand its influence,traditional tax systems face significant challenges in adapting to this new reality.This has ignited discussions worldwide across various legal and regulatory domains,and international taxation is no exception.The tax consequences are extensive,impacting both direct and indirect taxation,broader tax policy matters,and tax administration.
基金financial support from the Fulbright Scholarship and the Graduate Academic Research and Innovation Foundation of the University of International Business and Economics(Project:A20110122)
文摘Foreign direct investment （FDI） can benefit domestic firms in the host country. Using firm- level data for China, we find statistically positive vertical spillover effects of multinational enterprises on the performance of domestic firms through backward and forward supplier- customer relationships. The spillover effects are mainly from large multinational enterprises and are greater for state-owned firms and in poor regions. Our results are robust for both parametric regression and nonparametric matching techniques. Our findings have strong policy implications： while regulations relating to building business relationships with domestic firms when seeking foreign direct investment should be established, such policies should be aimed at private firms, big multinationals and less developed regions.
文摘China has become a major home country for outward foreign direct investment （OFDI） flows. As a result, the country is increasingly concerned with protecting its OFDI and facilitating the operations of its firms investing abroad and creating a strong universal international investment law and policy regime. This article briefly reviews the emergence of China as an outward investor. It continues with an analysis of some policy issues related to the rise of FDIfrom emerging markets. A brief discussion of issues central to the future of the international investment law and policy regime follows, before focusing on several outcomes that could be pursued under China＇s G20 leadership： non- binding shared principles that could outline the architecture of a universal framework on international investment; an international support program for sustainable investment facilitation; and the creation of an additional intergovernmental platform that would allow for a continued systematic intergovernmental process to discuss the range of issues related to the governance of international investment, preferably paralleled by an informal, inclusive and result-oriented consensus-building process that takes place outside intergovernmental settings.
文摘Multinational enterprises(MNEs)make investment decisions according to the distance factors at a sub-national level.This paper made estimates using the gravity model with provincial foreign direct investment(FDI)data from 2000 to 2012 and employed three concepts of distance.Our emprical results indicate that geographic distance and cultural distance have significant negative effects on FDI flow,whereas economic distance has a significant positive effect.It suggests that FDI prefers to locate in regions that are geographically and culturally close but economically distant from the home country,which further implies that FDI in China is dominated by vertical FDI.Our findings suggest that Chinese provincial governments should place emphasis on attracting FDI from culturally close countries and provide institutional support to encourage and promote horizontal FDI.
基金research initiated under the EU's Jean Monnet Project,Multilateral Research Group "Towards a closer association between China and the EU:Searching for windows of opportunity"(2009-2011) coordinated by the Instituto Universitario de Estudios Europeos,Universidad San Pablo,and was presented at the Pacific Trade and Development Conference Series in Beijing 2010
文摘For some 20 years, the rate of investment by EU enterprises into China has been rising, reaching an annual average of some US$5bn over the 10 years to 2009. Conversely, the EU has not been a focus for Chinese investments, nor has Chinese investment been important to the EU despite the wide attention given to recent landmark cross-border acquisitions. Therefore, the overall impact of Chinese investment on the European economy is small. However, this situation might now be changing following institutional changes in the EU. In light of the potential for Chinese foreign direct investment to the EU, in this paper we outline the motives for, and patterns of Chinese outward investments to the EU, and the impacts that these investments might exert on the recipient.
基金the project "The challenge of globalization: Technology driven foreign direct investment(TFDI) and its implications for the negotiation of International(bilateral and multilateral) Investment Agreements" funded by the Riksbank Foundation
文摘The empirical literature on China＇s outward foreign direct investment mainly relies on aggregate data from official statistics, but the reliability of such data is currently a matter of concern because it does not take account of relevant features such as industry breakdown, ownership structure and entry mode. A novel firm-level database, EMENDATA, compiled by matching data from several available sources on various types of cross-border deals and including information on group structure, provides a more accurate picture and enables new empirical analyses of the rapidly increasing presence of Chinese companies abroad. Based on this database, this paper offers a more precise assessment of the geographical and sector specialization patterns of Chinese outward foreign direct investment into Europe and suggests new avenues for future research.
