Positional information encoded in spatial concentration patterns is crucial for the development of multicellular organisms.However,it is still unclear how such information is affected by the physically dissipative dif...Positional information encoded in spatial concentration patterns is crucial for the development of multicellular organisms.However,it is still unclear how such information is affected by the physically dissipative diffusion process.Here we study one-dimensional patterning systems with analytical derivation and numerical simulations.We find that the diffusion constant of the patterning molecules exhibits a nonmonotonic effect on the readout of the positional information from the concentration patterns.Specifically,there exists an optimal diffusion constant that maximizes the positional information.Moreover,we find that the energy dissipation due to the physical diffusion imposes a fundamental upper limit on the positional information.展开更多
In this paper, we focus on the power allocation of Integrated Sensing and Communication(ISAC) with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) waveform. In order to improve the spectrum utilization efficiency in ...In this paper, we focus on the power allocation of Integrated Sensing and Communication(ISAC) with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) waveform. In order to improve the spectrum utilization efficiency in ISAC, we propose a design scheme based on spectrum sharing, that is,to maximize the mutual information(MI) of radar sensing while ensuring certain communication rate and transmission power constraints. In the proposed scheme, three cases are considered for the scattering off the target due to the communication signals,as negligible signal, beneficial signal, and interference signal to radar sensing, respectively, thus requiring three power allocation schemes. However,the corresponding power allocation schemes are nonconvex and their closed-form solutions are unavailable as a consequence. Motivated by this, alternating optimization(AO), sequence convex programming(SCP) and Lagrange multiplier are individually combined for three suboptimal solutions corresponding with three power allocation schemes. By combining the three algorithms, we transform the non-convex problem which is difficult to deal with into a convex problem which is easy to solve and obtain the suboptimal solution of the corresponding optimization problem. Numerical results show that, compared with the allocation results of the existing algorithms, the proposed joint design algorithm significantly improves the radar performance.展开更多
We study the construction of mutually unbiased bases in Hilbert space for composite dimensions d which are not prime powers.We explore the results for composite dimensions which are true for prime power dimensions.We ...We study the construction of mutually unbiased bases in Hilbert space for composite dimensions d which are not prime powers.We explore the results for composite dimensions which are true for prime power dimensions.We then provide a method for selecting mutually unbiased vectors from the eigenvectors of generalized Pauli matrices to construct mutually unbiased bases.In particular,we present four mutually unbiased bases in C^(15).展开更多
In this paper,we innovatively associate the mutual information with the frame error rate(FER)performance and propose novel quantized decoders for polar codes.Based on the optimal quantizer of binary-input discrete mem...In this paper,we innovatively associate the mutual information with the frame error rate(FER)performance and propose novel quantized decoders for polar codes.Based on the optimal quantizer of binary-input discrete memoryless channels(BDMCs),the proposed decoders quantize the virtual subchannels of polar codes to maximize mutual information(MMI)between source bits and quantized symbols.The nested structure of polar codes ensures that the MMI quantization can be implemented stage by stage.Simulation results show that the proposed MMI decoders with 4 quantization bits outperform the existing nonuniform quantized decoders that minimize mean-squared error(MMSE)with 4 quantization bits,and yield even better performance than uniform MMI quantized decoders with 5 quantization bits.Furthermore,the proposed 5-bit quantized MMI decoders approach the floating-point decoders with negligible performance loss.展开更多
This study aims to develop an analytical model based on the curve beam theory to capture the mechanical response of a multihelix cable considering the internal contact displacements.Accordingly,a double-helix cable su...This study aims to develop an analytical model based on the curve beam theory to capture the mechanical response of a multihelix cable considering the internal contact displacements.Accordingly,a double-helix cable subjected to axial tension and torsion is analyzed,and both the line and point contacts between the neighboring wires and strands are considered via an equivalent homogenized approach.Then,the proposed theoretical model is extended to a hierarchical multihelix cable with mutual contact displacements by constructing a recursive relationship between the high-and low-level multihelix structures.The global tensile stiffness and torsional stiffness of the double-helix cable are successfully evaluated.The results are validated by a finite element(FE)model,and are found to be consistent with the findings of previous studies.It is shown that the contact deformations in multihelix cables significantly affect their equivalent mechanical stiffness,and the contact displacements are remarkably enhanced as the helix angles increase.This study provides insights into the interwire/interstrand mutual contact effects on global and local responses.展开更多
Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is the main cause of disability,mental health disorder,and even death,with its incidence and social costs rising steadily.Although different treatment strategies have been developed and test...Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is the main cause of disability,mental health disorder,and even death,with its incidence and social costs rising steadily.Although different treatment strategies have been developed and tested to mitigate neurological decline,a definitive cure for these conditions remains elusive.Studies have revealed that vari-ous neurotrophins represented by the brain-derived neurotrophic factor are the key regulators of neuroinflammation,apoptosis,blood-brain barrier permeability,neurite regeneration,and memory function.These factors are instrumental in alleviating neu-roinflammation and promoting neuroregeneration.In addition,neural stem cells(NSC)contribute to nerve repair through inherent neuroprotective and immunomodulatory properties,the release of neurotrophins,the activation of endogenous NSCs,and in-tercellular signaling.Notably,innovative research proposals are emerging to combine BDNF and NSCs,enabling them to synergistically complement and promote each other in facilitating injury repair and improving neuron differentiation after TBI.In this review,we summarize the mechanism of neurotrophins in promoting neurogen-esis and restoring neural function after TBI,comprehensively explore the potential therapeutic effects of various neurotrophins in basic research on TBI,and investigate their interaction with NSCs.This endeavor aims to provide a valuable insight into the clinical treatment and transformation of neurotrophins in TBI,thereby promoting the progress of TBI therapeutics.展开更多
Object detection in unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)aerial images has become increasingly important in military and civil applications.General object detection models are not robust enough against interclass similarity an...Object detection in unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)aerial images has become increasingly important in military and civil applications.General object detection models are not robust enough against interclass similarity and intraclass variability of small objects,and UAV-specific nuisances such as uncontrolledweather conditions.Unlike previous approaches focusing on high-level semantic information,we report the importance of underlying features to improve detection accuracy and robustness fromthe information-theoretic perspective.Specifically,we propose a robust and discriminative feature learning approach through mutual information maximization(RD-MIM),which can be integrated into numerous object detection methods for aerial images.Firstly,we present the rank sample mining method to reduce underlying feature differences between the natural image domain and the aerial image domain.Then,we design a momentum contrast learning strategy to make object features similar to the same category and dissimilar to different categories.Finally,we construct a transformer-based global attention mechanism to boost object location semantics by leveraging the high interrelation of different receptive fields.We conduct extensive experiments on the VisDrone and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Benchmark Object Detection and Tracking(UAVDT)datasets to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.The experimental results show that our approach brings considerable robustness gains to basic detectors and advanced detection methods,achieving relative growth rates of 51.0%and 39.4%in corruption robustness,respectively.Our code is available at https://github.com/cq100/RD-MIM(accessed on 2 August 2024).展开更多
Accurately estimating blasting vibration during rock blasting is the foundation of blasting vibration management.In this study,Tuna Swarm Optimization(TSO),Whale Optimization Algorithm(WOA),and Cuckoo Search(CS)were u...Accurately estimating blasting vibration during rock blasting is the foundation of blasting vibration management.In this study,Tuna Swarm Optimization(TSO),Whale Optimization Algorithm(WOA),and Cuckoo Search(CS)were used to optimize two hyperparameters in support vector regression(SVR).Based on these methods,three hybrid models to predict peak particle velocity(PPV)for bench blasting were developed.Eighty-eight samples were collected to establish the PPV database,eight initial blasting parameters were chosen as input parameters for the predictionmodel,and the PPV was the output parameter.As predictive performance evaluation indicators,the coefficient of determination(R2),rootmean square error(RMSE),mean absolute error(MAE),and a10-index were selected.The normalizedmutual information value is then used to evaluate the impact of various input parameters on the PPV prediction outcomes.According to the research findings,TSO,WOA,and CS can all enhance the predictive performance of the SVR model.The TSO-SVR model provides the most accurate predictions.The performances of the optimized hybrid SVR models are superior to the unoptimized traditional prediction model.The maximum charge per delay impacts the PPV prediction value the most.展开更多
High-quality bonding of 4-inch GaAs and Si is achieved using plasma-activated bonding technology.The influence of Ar plasma activation on surface morphology is discussed.When the annealing temperature is 300℃,the bon...High-quality bonding of 4-inch GaAs and Si is achieved using plasma-activated bonding technology.The influence of Ar plasma activation on surface morphology is discussed.When the annealing temperature is 300℃,the bonding strength reaches a maximum of 6.2 MPa.In addition,a thermal stress model for GaAs/Si wafers is established based on finite element analysis to obtain the distribution of equivalent stress and deformation variables at different temperatures.The shape varia-tion of the wafer is directly proportional to the annealing temperature.At an annealing temperature of 400℃,the maximum protrusion of 4 inches GaAs/Si wafers is 3.6 mm.The interface of GaAs/Si wafers is observed to be dense and defect-free using a transmission electron microscope.The characterization of interface elements by X-ray energy dispersion spectroscopy indi-cates that the elements at the interface undergo mutual diffusion,which is beneficial for improving the bonding strength of the interface.There is an amorphous transition layer with a thickness of about 5 nm at the bonding interface.The preparation of Si-based GaAs heterojunctions can enrich the types of materials required for the development of integrated circuits,improve the performance of materials and devices,and promote the development of microelectronics technology.展开更多
From a medical perspective,the 12 leads of the heart in an electrocardiogram(ECG)signal have functional dependencies with each other.Therefore,all these leads report different aspects of an arrhythmia.Their difference...From a medical perspective,the 12 leads of the heart in an electrocardiogram(ECG)signal have functional dependencies with each other.Therefore,all these leads report different aspects of an arrhythmia.Their differences lie in the level of highlighting and displaying information about that arrhythmia.For example,although all leads show traces of atrial excitation,this function is more evident in lead II than in any other lead.In this article,a new model was proposed using ECG functional and structural dependencies between heart leads.In the prescreening stage,the ECG signals are segmented from the QRS point so that further analyzes can be performed on these segments in a more detailed manner.The mutual information indices were used to assess the relationship between leads.In order to calculate mutual information,the correlation between the 12 ECG leads has been calculated.The output of this step is a matrix containing all mutual information.Furthermore,to calculate the structural information of ECG signals,a capsule neural network was implemented to aid physicians in the automatic classification of cardiac arrhythmias.The architecture of this capsule neural network has been modified to perform the classification task.In the experimental results section,the proposed model was used to classify arrhythmias in ECG signals from the Chapman dataset.Numerical evaluations showed that this model has a precision of 97.02%,recall of 96.13%,F1-score of 96.57%and accuracy of 97.38%,indicating acceptable performance compared to other state-of-the-art methods.The proposed method shows an average accuracy of 2%superiority over similar works.展开更多
The Inner Product Masking(IPM)scheme has been shown to provide higher theoretical security guarantees than the BooleanMasking(BM).This scheme aims to increase the algebraic complexity of the coding to achieve a higher...The Inner Product Masking(IPM)scheme has been shown to provide higher theoretical security guarantees than the BooleanMasking(BM).This scheme aims to increase the algebraic complexity of the coding to achieve a higher level of security.Some previous work unfolds when certain(adversarial and implementation)conditions are met,and we seek to complement these investigations by understanding what happens when these conditions deviate from their expected behaviour.In this paper,we investigate the security characteristics of IPM under different conditions.In adversarial condition,the security properties of first-order IPMs obtained through parametric characterization are preserved in the face of univariate and bivariate attacks.In implementation condition,we construct two new polynomial leakage functions to observe the nonlinear leakage of the IPM and connect the security order amplification to the nonlinear function.We observe that the security of IPMis affected by the degree and the linear component in the leakage function.In addition,the comparison experiments from the coefficients,signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and the public parameter show that the security properties of the IPM are highly implementation-dependent.展开更多
This study endeavors to formulate a comprehensive methodology for establishing a Geological Knowledge Base(GKB)tailored to fracture-cavity reservoir outcrops within the North Tarim Basin.The acquisition of quantitativ...This study endeavors to formulate a comprehensive methodology for establishing a Geological Knowledge Base(GKB)tailored to fracture-cavity reservoir outcrops within the North Tarim Basin.The acquisition of quantitative geological parameters was accomplished through diverse means such as outcrop observations,thin section studies,unmanned aerial vehicle scanning,and high-resolution cameras.Subsequently,a three-dimensional digital outcrop model was generated,and the parameters were standardized.An assessment of traditional geological knowledge was conducted to delineate the knowledge framework,content,and system of the GKB.The basic parameter knowledge was extracted using multiscale fine characterization techniques,including core statistics,field observations,and microscopic thin section analysis.Key mechanism knowledge was identified by integrating trace elements from filling,isotope geochemical tests,and water-rock simulation experiments.Significant representational knowledge was then extracted by employing various methods such as multiple linear regression,neural network technology,and discriminant classification.Subsequently,an analogy study was performed on the karst fracture-cavity system(KFCS)in both outcrop and underground reservoir settings.The results underscored several key findings:(1)Utilization of a diverse range of techniques,including outcrop observations,core statistics,unmanned aerial vehicle scanning,high-resolution cameras,thin section analysis,and electron scanning imaging,enabled the acquisition and standardization of data.This facilitated effective management and integration of geological parameter data from multiple sources and scales.(2)The GKB for fracture-cavity reservoir outcrops,encompassing basic parameter knowledge,key mechanism knowledge,and significant representational knowledge,provides robust data support and systematic geological insights for the intricate and in-depth examination of the genetic mechanisms of fracture-cavity reservoirs.(3)The developmental characteristics of fracturecavities in karst outcrops offer effective,efficient,and accurate guidance for fracture-cavity research in underground karst reservoirs.The outlined construction method of the outcrop geological knowledge base is applicable to various fracture-cavity reservoirs in different layers and regions worldwide.展开更多
Mutual effects between a gliding arc(GA)discharge at atmospheric pressure and a premixed CH_(4)/air flame were experimentally investigated.Effects of the flame on the GA were studied using simultaneous measurements of...Mutual effects between a gliding arc(GA)discharge at atmospheric pressure and a premixed CH_(4)/air flame were experimentally investigated.Effects of the flame on the GA were studied using simultaneous measurements of the current,the voltage,and the instantaneous images of the plasma columns.The GA in the flame has a thicker and more diffusive plasma column,and it is more frequently ignited at a smaller breakdown voltage than that in the air.The GA extension velocity and the gliding velocity in the flame are larger than those in the air.The electrode voltage drop of the GA discharge in the flame is about 160 V,whereas that in the air is about 220 V.Compared with the GA in the air,the different features of the GA in the flame can be explained by high-temperature,weakly ionized,and species-abundant environment that are generated by the premixed CH_(4)/air flame.Effects of the gliding arc discharge on the premixed flames were demonstrated using planar laser-induced fluorescence of hydroxyl radicals(OH)and formaldehyde(CH_(2)O).OH and CH_(2)O can be formed in the CH_(4)/air mixture in the presence of the GA due to kinetic effects,and the increase of OH and CH_(2)O shows the great potential of the GA for combustion enhancement.展开更多
In Unsupervised Domain Adaptation(UDA)for person re-identification(re-ID),the primary challenge is reducing the distribution discrepancy between the source and target domains.This can be achieved by implicitly or expl...In Unsupervised Domain Adaptation(UDA)for person re-identification(re-ID),the primary challenge is reducing the distribution discrepancy between the source and target domains.This can be achieved by implicitly or explicitly constructing an appropriate intermediate domain to enhance recognition capability on the target domain.Implicit construction is difficult due to the absence of intermediate state supervision,making smooth knowledge transfer from the source to the target domain a challenge.To explicitly construct the most suitable intermediate domain for the model to gradually adapt to the feature distribution changes from the source to the target domain,we propose the Minimal Transfer Cost Framework(MTCF).MTCF considers all scenarios of the intermediate domain during the transfer process,ensuring smoother and more efficient domain alignment.Our framework mainly includes threemodules:Intermediate Domain Generator(IDG),Cross-domain Feature Constraint Module(CFCM),and Residual Channel Space Module(RCSM).First,the IDG Module is introduced to generate all possible intermediate domains,ensuring a smooth transition of knowledge fromthe source to the target domain.To reduce the cross-domain feature distribution discrepancy,we propose the CFCM Module,which quantifies the difficulty of knowledge transfer and ensures the diversity of intermediate domain features and their semantic relevance,achieving alignment between the source and target domains by incorporating mutual information and maximum mean discrepancy.We also design the RCSM,which utilizes attention mechanism to enhance the model’s focus on personnel features in low-resolution images,improving the accuracy and efficiency of person re-ID.Our proposed method outperforms existing technologies in all common UDA re-ID tasks and improves the Mean Average Precision(mAP)by 2.3%in the Market to Duke task compared to the state-of-the-art(SOTA)methods.展开更多
Recently,there have been significant advancements in the study of semantic communication in single-modal scenarios.However,the ability to process information in multi-modal environments remains limited.Inspired by the...Recently,there have been significant advancements in the study of semantic communication in single-modal scenarios.However,the ability to process information in multi-modal environments remains limited.Inspired by the research and applications of natural language processing across different modalities,our goal is to accurately extract frame-level semantic information from videos and ultimately transmit high-quality videos.Specifically,we propose a deep learning-basedMulti-ModalMutual Enhancement Video Semantic Communication system,called M3E-VSC.Built upon a VectorQuantized Generative AdversarialNetwork(VQGAN),our systemaims to leverage mutual enhancement among different modalities by using text as the main carrier of transmission.With it,the semantic information can be extracted fromkey-frame images and audio of the video and performdifferential value to ensure that the extracted text conveys accurate semantic information with fewer bits,thus improving the capacity of the system.Furthermore,a multi-frame semantic detection module is designed to facilitate semantic transitions during video generation.Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed model maintains high robustness in complex noise environments,particularly in low signal-to-noise ratio conditions,significantly improving the accuracy and speed of semantic transmission in video communication by approximately 50 percent.展开更多
A phased array feed(PAF)is a type of receiving array that places phased array antennas on the focal plane of a radio telescope to expand its field of view and improve observation efficiency.Owing to the mutual couplin...A phased array feed(PAF)is a type of receiving array that places phased array antennas on the focal plane of a radio telescope to expand its field of view and improve observation efficiency.Owing to the mutual coupling effect between elements caused by a tightly arranged feed array,which changes the performance of a PAF,this paper presents a 7×7 rectangular feed array model for a 25 m reflector telescope.By adjusting the element spacings,the performance of a PAF with different spacings is comprehensively analyzed with respect to the mutual coupling effect via performance statistics and comparison.This research aims to provide a reference for the preliminary design of a related PAF.展开更多
Complementarity is a concept that has been defined by physicist Niels Bohr as a general principle that promotes“mutual understanding and respect among diverse cultures and allows for the unity of human knowledge.”[1...Complementarity is a concept that has been defined by physicist Niels Bohr as a general principle that promotes“mutual understanding and respect among diverse cultures and allows for the unity of human knowledge.”[1]In physics,complementarity is demonstrated as the inclusion of the existence of contrasting particle and wave theories of light.Bohr suggested that complementarity could be used by other disciplines outside of physics.Complementarity in nursing is demonstrated by the integration of diverse health beliefs,philosophies,and healing practices for promoting health as greater balance in body,mind,emotion,and spirit.展开更多
1Introduction Chinese Medicine and Natural Products(CMNP)a quarterly,open-access publication that is funded officilly by 2017 Project for Enhancing International Impact of China STM Journals.CMNP is devoted to publish...1Introduction Chinese Medicine and Natural Products(CMNP)a quarterly,open-access publication that is funded officilly by 2017 Project for Enhancing International Impact of China STM Journals.CMNP is devoted to publishing the theoretical and clinical research achievements in the field of Chinese medicine so as to promote the academic exchange of Chinese medicine,enhance mutual references between Chinese and Western medicine in medical ideas,theories and technologies,expand the international influence of Chinese medicine and advance its international development.展开更多
Since the second half of 2023,China have initiated mutual visa-free policies for outbound tourism with such countries as Singapore,Malaysia,Thailand and Georgia.With the continuous advancement of these visa-free polic...Since the second half of 2023,China have initiated mutual visa-free policies for outbound tourism with such countries as Singapore,Malaysia,Thailand and Georgia.With the continuous advancement of these visa-free policies,the list of outbound tourist destination countries is constantly expanding.During this summer vacation in particular,outbound tourism is gaining popularity.展开更多
In January 2022,President Xi Jinping proposed building a closer China-Central Asia community with a shared future at the virtual summit commemorating the 30th anniversary of the founding of diplomatic relations betwee...In January 2022,President Xi Jinping proposed building a closer China-Central Asia community with a shared future at the virtual summit commemorating the 30th anniversary of the founding of diplomatic relations between China and the five Central Asian countries.In May 2023,President Xi Jinping attended the China-Central Asia Summit and delivered a keynote speech,pointing out that in building a China-Central Asia community with a shared future,all parties need to stay committed to four principles,namely,“mutual assistance,common development,universal security and everlasting friendship.”展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.32271293 and 11875076)。
文摘Positional information encoded in spatial concentration patterns is crucial for the development of multicellular organisms.However,it is still unclear how such information is affected by the physically dissipative diffusion process.Here we study one-dimensional patterning systems with analytical derivation and numerical simulations.We find that the diffusion constant of the patterning molecules exhibits a nonmonotonic effect on the readout of the positional information from the concentration patterns.Specifically,there exists an optimal diffusion constant that maximizes the positional information.Moreover,we find that the energy dissipation due to the physical diffusion imposes a fundamental upper limit on the positional information.
文摘In this paper, we focus on the power allocation of Integrated Sensing and Communication(ISAC) with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) waveform. In order to improve the spectrum utilization efficiency in ISAC, we propose a design scheme based on spectrum sharing, that is,to maximize the mutual information(MI) of radar sensing while ensuring certain communication rate and transmission power constraints. In the proposed scheme, three cases are considered for the scattering off the target due to the communication signals,as negligible signal, beneficial signal, and interference signal to radar sensing, respectively, thus requiring three power allocation schemes. However,the corresponding power allocation schemes are nonconvex and their closed-form solutions are unavailable as a consequence. Motivated by this, alternating optimization(AO), sequence convex programming(SCP) and Lagrange multiplier are individually combined for three suboptimal solutions corresponding with three power allocation schemes. By combining the three algorithms, we transform the non-convex problem which is difficult to deal with into a convex problem which is easy to solve and obtain the suboptimal solution of the corresponding optimization problem. Numerical results show that, compared with the allocation results of the existing algorithms, the proposed joint design algorithm significantly improves the radar performance.
基金Project supported by Zhoukou Normal University,ChinaHigh Level Talents Research Start Funding Project (Grant No.ZKNUC2022010)+2 种基金Key Scientific Research Project of Henan Province (Grant No.22B110022)Key Research and Development Project of Guangdong Province (Grant No.2020B0303300001)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No.2020B1515310016)。
文摘We study the construction of mutually unbiased bases in Hilbert space for composite dimensions d which are not prime powers.We explore the results for composite dimensions which are true for prime power dimensions.We then provide a method for selecting mutually unbiased vectors from the eigenvectors of generalized Pauli matrices to construct mutually unbiased bases.In particular,we present four mutually unbiased bases in C^(15).
基金financially supported in part by National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFB1801402)in part by Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd.
文摘In this paper,we innovatively associate the mutual information with the frame error rate(FER)performance and propose novel quantized decoders for polar codes.Based on the optimal quantizer of binary-input discrete memoryless channels(BDMCs),the proposed decoders quantize the virtual subchannels of polar codes to maximize mutual information(MMI)between source bits and quantized symbols.The nested structure of polar codes ensures that the MMI quantization can be implemented stage by stage.Simulation results show that the proposed MMI decoders with 4 quantization bits outperform the existing nonuniform quantized decoders that minimize mean-squared error(MMSE)with 4 quantization bits,and yield even better performance than uniform MMI quantized decoders with 5 quantization bits.Furthermore,the proposed 5-bit quantized MMI decoders approach the floating-point decoders with negligible performance loss.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11932008 and 12102380)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(No.BK20180894)。
文摘This study aims to develop an analytical model based on the curve beam theory to capture the mechanical response of a multihelix cable considering the internal contact displacements.Accordingly,a double-helix cable subjected to axial tension and torsion is analyzed,and both the line and point contacts between the neighboring wires and strands are considered via an equivalent homogenized approach.Then,the proposed theoretical model is extended to a hierarchical multihelix cable with mutual contact displacements by constructing a recursive relationship between the high-and low-level multihelix structures.The global tensile stiffness and torsional stiffness of the double-helix cable are successfully evaluated.The results are validated by a finite element(FE)model,and are found to be consistent with the findings of previous studies.It is shown that the contact deformations in multihelix cables significantly affect their equivalent mechanical stiffness,and the contact displacements are remarkably enhanced as the helix angles increase.This study provides insights into the interwire/interstrand mutual contact effects on global and local responses.
基金Laboratory Animal Foundation Program of Military,Grant/Award Number:SYDW[2018]01Promotion Plan of the Air Force Medical University,Grant/Award Number:2020SWAQ11Shaanxi Province Innovation Capability Support Plan,Grant/Award Number:2021PT-037。
文摘Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is the main cause of disability,mental health disorder,and even death,with its incidence and social costs rising steadily.Although different treatment strategies have been developed and tested to mitigate neurological decline,a definitive cure for these conditions remains elusive.Studies have revealed that vari-ous neurotrophins represented by the brain-derived neurotrophic factor are the key regulators of neuroinflammation,apoptosis,blood-brain barrier permeability,neurite regeneration,and memory function.These factors are instrumental in alleviating neu-roinflammation and promoting neuroregeneration.In addition,neural stem cells(NSC)contribute to nerve repair through inherent neuroprotective and immunomodulatory properties,the release of neurotrophins,the activation of endogenous NSCs,and in-tercellular signaling.Notably,innovative research proposals are emerging to combine BDNF and NSCs,enabling them to synergistically complement and promote each other in facilitating injury repair and improving neuron differentiation after TBI.In this review,we summarize the mechanism of neurotrophins in promoting neurogen-esis and restoring neural function after TBI,comprehensively explore the potential therapeutic effects of various neurotrophins in basic research on TBI,and investigate their interaction with NSCs.This endeavor aims to provide a valuable insight into the clinical treatment and transformation of neurotrophins in TBI,thereby promoting the progress of TBI therapeutics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61671219.
文摘Object detection in unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)aerial images has become increasingly important in military and civil applications.General object detection models are not robust enough against interclass similarity and intraclass variability of small objects,and UAV-specific nuisances such as uncontrolledweather conditions.Unlike previous approaches focusing on high-level semantic information,we report the importance of underlying features to improve detection accuracy and robustness fromthe information-theoretic perspective.Specifically,we propose a robust and discriminative feature learning approach through mutual information maximization(RD-MIM),which can be integrated into numerous object detection methods for aerial images.Firstly,we present the rank sample mining method to reduce underlying feature differences between the natural image domain and the aerial image domain.Then,we design a momentum contrast learning strategy to make object features similar to the same category and dissimilar to different categories.Finally,we construct a transformer-based global attention mechanism to boost object location semantics by leveraging the high interrelation of different receptive fields.We conduct extensive experiments on the VisDrone and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Benchmark Object Detection and Tracking(UAVDT)datasets to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.The experimental results show that our approach brings considerable robustness gains to basic detectors and advanced detection methods,achieving relative growth rates of 51.0%and 39.4%in corruption robustness,respectively.Our code is available at https://github.com/cq100/RD-MIM(accessed on 2 August 2024).
基金financially supported by the NationalNatural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42072309)the Fundamental Research Funds for National University,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)(Grant No.CUGDCJJ202217)+1 种基金the Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Basic Research(Grant No.2022020801010199)the Hubei Key Laboratory of Blasting Engineering Foundation(HKLBEF202002).
文摘Accurately estimating blasting vibration during rock blasting is the foundation of blasting vibration management.In this study,Tuna Swarm Optimization(TSO),Whale Optimization Algorithm(WOA),and Cuckoo Search(CS)were used to optimize two hyperparameters in support vector regression(SVR).Based on these methods,three hybrid models to predict peak particle velocity(PPV)for bench blasting were developed.Eighty-eight samples were collected to establish the PPV database,eight initial blasting parameters were chosen as input parameters for the predictionmodel,and the PPV was the output parameter.As predictive performance evaluation indicators,the coefficient of determination(R2),rootmean square error(RMSE),mean absolute error(MAE),and a10-index were selected.The normalizedmutual information value is then used to evaluate the impact of various input parameters on the PPV prediction outcomes.According to the research findings,TSO,WOA,and CS can all enhance the predictive performance of the SVR model.The TSO-SVR model provides the most accurate predictions.The performances of the optimized hybrid SVR models are superior to the unoptimized traditional prediction model.The maximum charge per delay impacts the PPV prediction value the most.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61673222)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(Grant No.23KJB430036)Wuxi University Research Start-up Fund for Introduced Talents(Grant No.2022r036).
文摘High-quality bonding of 4-inch GaAs and Si is achieved using plasma-activated bonding technology.The influence of Ar plasma activation on surface morphology is discussed.When the annealing temperature is 300℃,the bonding strength reaches a maximum of 6.2 MPa.In addition,a thermal stress model for GaAs/Si wafers is established based on finite element analysis to obtain the distribution of equivalent stress and deformation variables at different temperatures.The shape varia-tion of the wafer is directly proportional to the annealing temperature.At an annealing temperature of 400℃,the maximum protrusion of 4 inches GaAs/Si wafers is 3.6 mm.The interface of GaAs/Si wafers is observed to be dense and defect-free using a transmission electron microscope.The characterization of interface elements by X-ray energy dispersion spectroscopy indi-cates that the elements at the interface undergo mutual diffusion,which is beneficial for improving the bonding strength of the interface.There is an amorphous transition layer with a thickness of about 5 nm at the bonding interface.The preparation of Si-based GaAs heterojunctions can enrich the types of materials required for the development of integrated circuits,improve the performance of materials and devices,and promote the development of microelectronics technology.
文摘From a medical perspective,the 12 leads of the heart in an electrocardiogram(ECG)signal have functional dependencies with each other.Therefore,all these leads report different aspects of an arrhythmia.Their differences lie in the level of highlighting and displaying information about that arrhythmia.For example,although all leads show traces of atrial excitation,this function is more evident in lead II than in any other lead.In this article,a new model was proposed using ECG functional and structural dependencies between heart leads.In the prescreening stage,the ECG signals are segmented from the QRS point so that further analyzes can be performed on these segments in a more detailed manner.The mutual information indices were used to assess the relationship between leads.In order to calculate mutual information,the correlation between the 12 ECG leads has been calculated.The output of this step is a matrix containing all mutual information.Furthermore,to calculate the structural information of ECG signals,a capsule neural network was implemented to aid physicians in the automatic classification of cardiac arrhythmias.The architecture of this capsule neural network has been modified to perform the classification task.In the experimental results section,the proposed model was used to classify arrhythmias in ECG signals from the Chapman dataset.Numerical evaluations showed that this model has a precision of 97.02%,recall of 96.13%,F1-score of 96.57%and accuracy of 97.38%,indicating acceptable performance compared to other state-of-the-art methods.The proposed method shows an average accuracy of 2%superiority over similar works.
基金the Hunan Provincial Natrual Science Foundation of China(2022JJ30103)“the 14th Five-Year”Key Disciplines and Application Oriented Special Disciplines of Hunan Province(Xiangjiaotong[2022]351)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2016TP1020).
文摘The Inner Product Masking(IPM)scheme has been shown to provide higher theoretical security guarantees than the BooleanMasking(BM).This scheme aims to increase the algebraic complexity of the coding to achieve a higher level of security.Some previous work unfolds when certain(adversarial and implementation)conditions are met,and we seek to complement these investigations by understanding what happens when these conditions deviate from their expected behaviour.In this paper,we investigate the security characteristics of IPM under different conditions.In adversarial condition,the security properties of first-order IPMs obtained through parametric characterization are preserved in the face of univariate and bivariate attacks.In implementation condition,we construct two new polynomial leakage functions to observe the nonlinear leakage of the IPM and connect the security order amplification to the nonlinear function.We observe that the security of IPMis affected by the degree and the linear component in the leakage function.In addition,the comparison experiments from the coefficients,signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and the public parameter show that the security properties of the IPM are highly implementation-dependent.
基金supported by the Major Scientific and Technological Projects of CNPC under grant ZD2019-183-006the National Science and Technology Major Project of China (2016ZX05014002-006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42072234,42272180)。
文摘This study endeavors to formulate a comprehensive methodology for establishing a Geological Knowledge Base(GKB)tailored to fracture-cavity reservoir outcrops within the North Tarim Basin.The acquisition of quantitative geological parameters was accomplished through diverse means such as outcrop observations,thin section studies,unmanned aerial vehicle scanning,and high-resolution cameras.Subsequently,a three-dimensional digital outcrop model was generated,and the parameters were standardized.An assessment of traditional geological knowledge was conducted to delineate the knowledge framework,content,and system of the GKB.The basic parameter knowledge was extracted using multiscale fine characterization techniques,including core statistics,field observations,and microscopic thin section analysis.Key mechanism knowledge was identified by integrating trace elements from filling,isotope geochemical tests,and water-rock simulation experiments.Significant representational knowledge was then extracted by employing various methods such as multiple linear regression,neural network technology,and discriminant classification.Subsequently,an analogy study was performed on the karst fracture-cavity system(KFCS)in both outcrop and underground reservoir settings.The results underscored several key findings:(1)Utilization of a diverse range of techniques,including outcrop observations,core statistics,unmanned aerial vehicle scanning,high-resolution cameras,thin section analysis,and electron scanning imaging,enabled the acquisition and standardization of data.This facilitated effective management and integration of geological parameter data from multiple sources and scales.(2)The GKB for fracture-cavity reservoir outcrops,encompassing basic parameter knowledge,key mechanism knowledge,and significant representational knowledge,provides robust data support and systematic geological insights for the intricate and in-depth examination of the genetic mechanisms of fracture-cavity reservoirs.(3)The developmental characteristics of fracturecavities in karst outcrops offer effective,efficient,and accurate guidance for fracture-cavity research in underground karst reservoirs.The outlined construction method of the outcrop geological knowledge base is applicable to various fracture-cavity reservoirs in different layers and regions worldwide.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12172379,12322211,and 11925207)。
文摘Mutual effects between a gliding arc(GA)discharge at atmospheric pressure and a premixed CH_(4)/air flame were experimentally investigated.Effects of the flame on the GA were studied using simultaneous measurements of the current,the voltage,and the instantaneous images of the plasma columns.The GA in the flame has a thicker and more diffusive plasma column,and it is more frequently ignited at a smaller breakdown voltage than that in the air.The GA extension velocity and the gliding velocity in the flame are larger than those in the air.The electrode voltage drop of the GA discharge in the flame is about 160 V,whereas that in the air is about 220 V.Compared with the GA in the air,the different features of the GA in the flame can be explained by high-temperature,weakly ionized,and species-abundant environment that are generated by the premixed CH_(4)/air flame.Effects of the gliding arc discharge on the premixed flames were demonstrated using planar laser-induced fluorescence of hydroxyl radicals(OH)and formaldehyde(CH_(2)O).OH and CH_(2)O can be formed in the CH_(4)/air mixture in the presence of the GA due to kinetic effects,and the increase of OH and CH_(2)O shows the great potential of the GA for combustion enhancement.
文摘In Unsupervised Domain Adaptation(UDA)for person re-identification(re-ID),the primary challenge is reducing the distribution discrepancy between the source and target domains.This can be achieved by implicitly or explicitly constructing an appropriate intermediate domain to enhance recognition capability on the target domain.Implicit construction is difficult due to the absence of intermediate state supervision,making smooth knowledge transfer from the source to the target domain a challenge.To explicitly construct the most suitable intermediate domain for the model to gradually adapt to the feature distribution changes from the source to the target domain,we propose the Minimal Transfer Cost Framework(MTCF).MTCF considers all scenarios of the intermediate domain during the transfer process,ensuring smoother and more efficient domain alignment.Our framework mainly includes threemodules:Intermediate Domain Generator(IDG),Cross-domain Feature Constraint Module(CFCM),and Residual Channel Space Module(RCSM).First,the IDG Module is introduced to generate all possible intermediate domains,ensuring a smooth transition of knowledge fromthe source to the target domain.To reduce the cross-domain feature distribution discrepancy,we propose the CFCM Module,which quantifies the difficulty of knowledge transfer and ensures the diversity of intermediate domain features and their semantic relevance,achieving alignment between the source and target domains by incorporating mutual information and maximum mean discrepancy.We also design the RCSM,which utilizes attention mechanism to enhance the model’s focus on personnel features in low-resolution images,improving the accuracy and efficiency of person re-ID.Our proposed method outperforms existing technologies in all common UDA re-ID tasks and improves the Mean Average Precision(mAP)by 2.3%in the Market to Duke task compared to the state-of-the-art(SOTA)methods.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project under Grant 2020YFB1807602Key Program of Marine Economy Development Special Foundation of Department of Natural Resources of Guangdong Province(GDNRC[2023]24)the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62271267.
文摘Recently,there have been significant advancements in the study of semantic communication in single-modal scenarios.However,the ability to process information in multi-modal environments remains limited.Inspired by the research and applications of natural language processing across different modalities,our goal is to accurately extract frame-level semantic information from videos and ultimately transmit high-quality videos.Specifically,we propose a deep learning-basedMulti-ModalMutual Enhancement Video Semantic Communication system,called M3E-VSC.Built upon a VectorQuantized Generative AdversarialNetwork(VQGAN),our systemaims to leverage mutual enhancement among different modalities by using text as the main carrier of transmission.With it,the semantic information can be extracted fromkey-frame images and audio of the video and performdifferential value to ensure that the extracted text conveys accurate semantic information with fewer bits,thus improving the capacity of the system.Furthermore,a multi-frame semantic detection module is designed to facilitate semantic transitions during video generation.Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed model maintains high robustness in complex noise environments,particularly in low signal-to-noise ratio conditions,significantly improving the accuracy and speed of semantic transmission in video communication by approximately 50 percent.
基金This work was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences"Light of West China"Program(2020-XBQNXZ-018)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11973078)the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022D01A358)。
文摘A phased array feed(PAF)is a type of receiving array that places phased array antennas on the focal plane of a radio telescope to expand its field of view and improve observation efficiency.Owing to the mutual coupling effect between elements caused by a tightly arranged feed array,which changes the performance of a PAF,this paper presents a 7×7 rectangular feed array model for a 25 m reflector telescope.By adjusting the element spacings,the performance of a PAF with different spacings is comprehensively analyzed with respect to the mutual coupling effect via performance statistics and comparison.This research aims to provide a reference for the preliminary design of a related PAF.
文摘Complementarity is a concept that has been defined by physicist Niels Bohr as a general principle that promotes“mutual understanding and respect among diverse cultures and allows for the unity of human knowledge.”[1]In physics,complementarity is demonstrated as the inclusion of the existence of contrasting particle and wave theories of light.Bohr suggested that complementarity could be used by other disciplines outside of physics.Complementarity in nursing is demonstrated by the integration of diverse health beliefs,philosophies,and healing practices for promoting health as greater balance in body,mind,emotion,and spirit.
文摘1Introduction Chinese Medicine and Natural Products(CMNP)a quarterly,open-access publication that is funded officilly by 2017 Project for Enhancing International Impact of China STM Journals.CMNP is devoted to publishing the theoretical and clinical research achievements in the field of Chinese medicine so as to promote the academic exchange of Chinese medicine,enhance mutual references between Chinese and Western medicine in medical ideas,theories and technologies,expand the international influence of Chinese medicine and advance its international development.
文摘Since the second half of 2023,China have initiated mutual visa-free policies for outbound tourism with such countries as Singapore,Malaysia,Thailand and Georgia.With the continuous advancement of these visa-free policies,the list of outbound tourist destination countries is constantly expanding.During this summer vacation in particular,outbound tourism is gaining popularity.
文摘In January 2022,President Xi Jinping proposed building a closer China-Central Asia community with a shared future at the virtual summit commemorating the 30th anniversary of the founding of diplomatic relations between China and the five Central Asian countries.In May 2023,President Xi Jinping attended the China-Central Asia Summit and delivered a keynote speech,pointing out that in building a China-Central Asia community with a shared future,all parties need to stay committed to four principles,namely,“mutual assistance,common development,universal security and everlasting friendship.”
