BACKGROUND:Acupuncture treatment on injured cerebral axons has shown to provide efficacy in clinical practice.It is unknown whether acupuncture produces therapeutic effects by protecting injured cerebral myelin in isc...BACKGROUND:Acupuncture treatment on injured cerebral axons has shown to provide efficacy in clinical practice.It is unknown whether acupuncture produces therapeutic effects by protecting injured cerebral myelin in ischemic stroke.OBJECTIVE:To test whether acupuncture provides protection for injured cerebral myelin,based on quantitative data from cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats,and to compare the effects of early and late acupuncture on serum myelin basic protein(MBP) content and remyelination of the ischemic internal capsule.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized,controlled experiment was performed at the Neuro-biological Laboratory,Sichuan University from March 2005 to March 2006.MATERIALS:"Hua Tuo" Brand filiform needles were produced by the Medical Instrument Factory of Suzhou,China.METHODS:A total of 52 adult,healthy,male,Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups:control(n=4),model(n=16),early acupuncture(n=16),and late acupuncture(n=16).The focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion in the right hemisphere using the modified thread embolism method in the latter three groups.Early and late acupuncture groups underwent acupuncture after ischemia for 30 minutes and 2 hours using the Xingnaokaiqiao needling method,respectively.Acupoints were "Neiguan"(PC 6) and "Sanyinjiao"(SP 6) on the bilateral sides,as well as "Shuigou"(DU 26) and "Baihui"(DU 20) with stimulation for 1 minute at each acupoint.Acupuncture at all acupoints was performed two or three times while the needle was retained,once per day.No special handling was administered to the control group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:For each group,remyelination of the internal capsule was observed by Pal-Weigert's myelin staining and serum MBP content was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method on days 1,3,5,and 7 following ischemia-reperfusion injury.RESULTS:Compared with the control group,massive demyelination of the internal capsule occurred,and serum MBP content increased in the model group(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the extent of demyelination in the internal capsule was less distinct and serum MBP content was significantly less in the early and late acupuncture group(P<0.01).Compared with the late acupuncture group,serum MBP content reached a peak later and the peak value was less in the early acupuncture group.CONCLUSION:Results suggest that acupuncture exerts a protective effect on injured cerebral myelin in ischemia-reperfusion rats by reducing serum MBP content and promoting remyelination.The study also suggests that the effect of early acupuncture is superior to late acupuncture.展开更多
Objective In order to determine serum myelin basic protein (MBP) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis and evaluate its clinical significance. Methods\ Serum MBP was measured in 20 patients with acute hemorrhagic...Objective In order to determine serum myelin basic protein (MBP) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis and evaluate its clinical significance. Methods\ Serum MBP was measured in 20 patients with acute hemorrhagic necrotic pancreatitis (AHNP) and in 20 normal subjects by enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay. Results\ Serum MBP content of AHNP group was significantly higher than that of normal control group (P<0.05). Serum MBP content in patients with pancreatic encephalopathy (PE) was significantly higher than that of those without PE (P<0.05). Conclusion\ ①Serum MBP content in patients with AHNP increased significantly;②Serum MBP content may reflect brain injury and its severity;③The prognosis of AHNP is correlated with its serum MBP content.\;展开更多
Myelin basic protein(MBP) is an essential structure involved in the generation of central nervous system(CNS)myelin.Myelin shape has been described as liquid crystal structure of biological membrane.The interactions o...Myelin basic protein(MBP) is an essential structure involved in the generation of central nervous system(CNS)myelin.Myelin shape has been described as liquid crystal structure of biological membrane.The interactions of MBP with monolayers of different lipid compositions are responsible for the multi-lamellar structure and stability of myelin.In this paper,we have designed MBP-incorporated model lipid monolayers and studied the phase behavior of MBP adsorbed on the plasma membrane at the air/water interface by thermodynamic method and atomic force microscopy(AFM).By analyzing the pressure–area(π–A) and pressure–time(π–T) isotherms,univariate linear regression equation was obtained.In addition,the elastic modulus,surface pressure increase,maximal insertion pressure,and synergy factor of monolayers were detected.These parameters can be used to modulate the monolayers binding of protein,and the results show that MBP has the strongest affinity for 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine(DPPS) monolayer,followed by DPPC/DPPS mixed and1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-choline(DPPC) monolayers via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions.AFM images of DPPS and DPPC/DPPS mixed monolayers in the presence of MBP(5 n M) show a phase separation texture at the surface pressure of 20 m N/m and the incorporation of MBP put into the DPPC monolayers has exerted a significant effect on the domain structure.MBP is not an integral membrane protein but,due to its positive charge,interacts with the lipid head groups and stabilizes the membranes.The interaction between MBP and phospholipid membrane to determine the nervous system of the disease has a good biophysical significance and medical value.展开更多
In order to study whether patients with schizophrenia have cerebral injury, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and myelin basic protein (MBP)in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 33 patients with first episode schizophrenia and ...In order to study whether patients with schizophrenia have cerebral injury, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and myelin basic protein (MBP)in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 33 patients with first episode schizophrenia and 9 from the control group were determined by double antibody sandwich enzyme immunoassay method. The results showed that there was significant difference in the NSE contents between the experimental group and control group (P<0.01). The NSE contents in CSF in the experimental group were positively correlated with MBP in schizophrenia patients (P<0.05). These findings suggested that patients with schizophrenia had cerebral injury.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Dithiocarbamates can cause demyelination of axons in the peripheral nervous system.Its derivate,diethyldithiocarbamate,is cytotoxic,and causes olfactory mucosal damage and atrophy of the olfactory bulb.Howe...BACKGROUND:Dithiocarbamates can cause demyelination of axons in the peripheral nervous system.Its derivate,diethyldithiocarbamate,is cytotoxic,and causes olfactory mucosal damage and atrophy of the olfactory bulb.However,it is still unclear whether the myelin sheath of the lateral olfactory tract is affected by diethyldithiocarbamate. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of diethyldithiocarbamate on the myelin sheath of the rat lateral olfactory tract.This was done by examining changes in myelin basic protein expression after diethyldithiocarbamate treatment. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized,controlled,animal study was performed at the Laboratory of the Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University,China from July to November 2007. MATERIALS:A total of 72 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into a diethyldithiocarbamate group(n = 32),a solvent control group(n = 32),and a blank control group (n = 8).The diethyldithiocarbamate and solvent control groups were separately divided into 3-d, 7-d,14-d and 28-d survival subgroups,with eight rats in each.Diethyldithiocarbamate(Sigma, USA) and goat anti-myelin basic protein polyclonal antibody(Santa Cruz,USA) were used in this study. METHODS:Rats in the diethyldithiocarbamate and solvent control groups were subcutaneously injected with diethyldithiocarbamate(600 mg/kg) and 0.01 mol/L phosphate buffered saline (600 mg/kg) at the posterior neck,respectively.Rats in the blank control group received no treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot assay were used to measure myelin basic protein expression in the rat lateral olfactory tract. RESULTS:Following immunohistochemical staining,myelin basic protein was uniformly distributed in the rat lateral olfactory tract in the blank control and solvent control groups.Western blot assay showed 21.5,18,17 and 14 ku positive bands.No significant difference was found in myelin basic protein distribution and blot pattern,in the rat lateral olfactory tract,in the diethyldithiocarbamate group,following immunohistochemical staining and Western blot assay. Myelin basic protein expression gradually decreased at day 3,reached the lowest level at day 7, and gradually increased again at days 14 and 28. CONCLUSION:Demyelination is induced by diethyldithiocarbamate in the rat lateral olfactory tract in an early stage,followed by remyelination at later stages.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) on changes of myelin basic protein (MBP) and functional repair of sensory and motor nerve following sciatic nerve injury. Methods: The scia...Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) on changes of myelin basic protein (MBP) and functional repair of sensory and motor nerve following sciatic nerve injury. Methods: The sciatic nerves of rats were injured by sectioning with shaver,and divided into 3 groups: NGF group (Group A), group of normal saline solution (Group B), untreated group (Group C). The time point of observation was at the 4th week after operation. Sensory evoked potential (SEP) and motor evoked potential (MEP) were detected by Model WD 4000 nerve potential working diagnosis system. Immunohistochemical analysis was used for identification of MBP.Results: The latency of SEP in the Group A at the 4th week after operation was shorter than that in the Group B (P< 0.05 ). The MEP was elicited in 76% of the Group A and was higher than that in the Group B. Results of immunohistochemistry showed that there were less MBP positive cells in the Group A than in the Group B in one and four weeks respectively.Conclusions: NGF can improve the conductive function of injured peripheral nerve and facilitate regeneration of nerve.展开更多
The unfolded protein response(UPR)is a cellular stress response pathway activated when the endoplasmic reticulum,a crucial organelle for protein folding and modification,encounters an accumulation of unfolded or misfo...The unfolded protein response(UPR)is a cellular stress response pathway activated when the endoplasmic reticulum,a crucial organelle for protein folding and modification,encounters an accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins.The UPR aims to restore endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis by enhancing protein folding capacity,reducing protein biosynthesis,and promoting protein degradation.It also plays a pivotal role in coordinating signaling cascades to determine cell fate and function in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress.Recent research has highlighted the significance of the UPR not only in maintaining endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis but also in influencing various physiological processes in the nervous system.Here,we provide an overview of recent findings that underscore the UPR’s involvement in preserving the function and viability of neuronal and myelinating cells under physiological conditions,and highlight the critical role of the UPR in brain development,memory storage,retinal cone development,myelination,and maintenance of myelin thickness.展开更多
To explore the effect of dexamethasone by local treatment on cerebral edema and brain damage after brain injury. Methods: Twenty-two rabbits were classified into 2 groups, Group A (the control group, n=11) and Group B...To explore the effect of dexamethasone by local treatment on cerebral edema and brain damage after brain injury. Methods: Twenty-two rabbits were classified into 2 groups, Group A (the control group, n=11) and Group B (the treated group, n=11). An rabbit brain contusion model was made by bone windowplasty by extradural hitting. Group B was treated by local infiltrating and spraying of dexamethasone at equidistance to lesions. Group A was given normal saline in the same way as Group B. The changes of moisture in brain tissues and serum myelin basic protein (MBP) were observed. Results: The percentage of water content in damaged hemisphere in Group A and Group B was 81.75 %± 0.56 % and 79.45 %± 0.52 % respectively. There was a significant difference between the 2 groups (P< 0.05 ). The normal level of MBP was 1.66 μg/L± 0.71 μg/L, while the value of MBP in Group A and Group B were 5.98 μg/L± 2.08 μg/L and 3.15 μg/L± 1.09 μg/L separately. The level of MBP in Group A and Group B were higher than normal level and there was also a significant difference between Group A and Group B (P< 0.05 ). Conclusions: The results of our study showed that the brain moisture and MBP in serum were increased after brain injury while reduced after treatment with dexamethasone. It is demonstrated that local treatment of brain injury with dexamethasone has an obvious therapeutic effect on cerebral edema and serum MBP.展开更多
Piezo1 is a mechanically-gated calcium channel.Recent studies have shown that Piezo1,a mechanically-gated calcium channel,can attenuate both psychosineand lipopolysaccharide-induced demyelination.Because oligodendrocy...Piezo1 is a mechanically-gated calcium channel.Recent studies have shown that Piezo1,a mechanically-gated calcium channel,can attenuate both psychosineand lipopolysaccharide-induced demyelination.Because oligodendrocyte damage and demyelination occur in intracerebral hemorrhage,in this study,we investigated the role of Piezo1 in intracerebral hemorrhage.We established a mouse model of cerebral hemorrhage by injecting autologous blood into the right basal ganglia and found that Piezo1 was largely expressed soon(within 48 hours)after intracerebral hemorrhage,primarily in oligodendrocytes.Intraperitoneal injection of Dooku1 to inhibit Piezo1 resulted in marked alleviation of brain edema,myelin sheath loss,and degeneration in injured tissue,a substantial reduction in oligodendrocyte apoptosis,and a significant improvement in neurological function.In addition,we found that Dooku1-mediated Piezo1 suppression reduced intracellular endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell apoptosis through the PERK-ATF4-CHOP and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 signaling pathway.These findings suggest that Piezo1 is a potential therapeutic target for intracerebral hemorrhage,as its suppression reduces intracellular endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell apoptosis and protects the myelin sheath,thereby improving neuronal function after intracerebral hemorrhage.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Spleen deficiency in traditional Chinese medicine refers to the functional disorder of spleen,pancreas,intestines,and nervous system in modern medicine.OBJECTIVE: To test whether electro-acupuncture could ...BACKGROUND: Spleen deficiency in traditional Chinese medicine refers to the functional disorder of spleen,pancreas,intestines,and nervous system in modern medicine.OBJECTIVE: To test whether electro-acupuncture could alter basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) protein and mRNA expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of spleen deficiency rats.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING: The randomized,controlled,in vivo animal experiment was performed at the National Level-B Laboratory of Clinical Cell Molecule and Biology in Shenzhen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,between March and November in 2008.MATERIALS: Reserpine injection was produced by Guangdong Bangmin Pharmaceutical Co.Rhubarb extract granule preparation was produced by Guangdong Yifang Pharmaceutical.Huanqiu Brand sterile acupuncture pin was provided by Suzhou Acupuncture Supplies,China.Huatuo Brand electroacupuncture instrument (type SDZ-II) was purchased from Suzhou Medical Appliance Factory,China.METHODS: A total of 96 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to control (n = 32) and induction (n = 64) groups.Spleen deficiency was induced via intraperitoneal injection of reserpine and intragastric administration of rhubarb.The successful models were randomized into two groups: model and electro-acupuncture,with 32 rats in each group.Elec-tro-acupuncture was administered at Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) acupoints using a condensation wave and rarefaction (condensation wave 15 Hz) at a strength of 6–15 V for 20 minutes,once per day.The appearance of a slight shiver in the corresponding locus was taken as the standard.According to electro-acupuncture time points,each group was assigned to four subgroups at 7,14,28,and 49 days,respectively,with eight rats in each subgroup.Immunohistochemical staining,image analysis,and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction were performed at different time points.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: bFGF protein and mRNA expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of spleen deficiency rats.RESULTS: After 7 days of electro-acupuncture therapy,bFGF protein and mRNA expression significantly increased compared with the model and control groups (P < 0.05).After 14 days,bFGF protein and mRNA expression decreased until 28 days,where levels were then equal to the model group and greater than the control group (P < 0.05).After 49 days,the above indices remained increased in the electro-acupuncture group compared to the model and control groups (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Continuous electro-acupuncture maintained a high level of bFGF protein and mRNA expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of spleen deficiency rats.展开更多
Both global warming and influenza trouble humans in varying ways, therefore it is important to study the trends in both global warming and evolution of influenza A virus, in particular, proteins from influenza A virus...Both global warming and influenza trouble humans in varying ways, therefore it is important to study the trends in both global warming and evolution of influenza A virus, in particular, proteins from influenza A virus. Recently, we have conducted two studies along this line to determine the trends between global warming and polymerase acidic protein as well as matrix protein 2. Although these two studies reveal some interesting findings, many studies are still in need because at least there are ten different proteins in influenza A virus. In this study, we analyze the trends in global warming and evolution of polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) from influenza A virus. The PB2 evolution from 1956 to 2008 was defined using the unpredictable portion of aminoacid pair. Then the trend in this evolution was compared with the trend in the global temperature, the temperature in north and south hemispheres, and the temperature in influenza A virus sampling site and species carrying influenza A virus. The results show the similar trends in global warming and in PB2 evolution, which are in good agreement with our previous studies in polymerase acidic protein and matrix protein 2 from influenza A virus.展开更多
Objective To investigate the role of myelin protein zero (P 0) in 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD)-induced peripheral nerve injury,and the protective effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (Egb761) on 2,5-HD-induced toxic peripheral...Objective To investigate the role of myelin protein zero (P 0) in 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD)-induced peripheral nerve injury,and the protective effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (Egb761) on 2,5-HD-induced toxic peripheral neuropathy.Methods After 4 weeks of treatment with 2,5-HD at different doses (50,100,200,400 mg/kg) in rats,changes in the levels of P 0 in rat sciatic nerves was investigated,and the effect of Egb761 on 2,5-HD-induced toxic peripheral neuropathy was studied.Results The blood-nerve barrier (BNB) permeability of the sciatic nerve increased,and the expression of P 0 mRNA and P 0 protein decreased in a dose-dependent manner after treatment with 2,5-HD for 4 weeks.Pretreatment with Egb761 protected against BNB interruption,and inhibited P 0 mRNA and protein reduction during 2,5-HD treatment.Pretreatment with Egb761 significantly reduced loss of body weight (P<0.01) and mitigated gait abnormalities (2.85±0.22) induced by 400 mg/kg 2,5-HD (P<0.01).It also reduced the signs of neurotoxicity induced by 2,5-HD.Conclusion 2,5-HD inhibited the expression of P 0 in a dose-dependent manner,and this may be an important mechanism by which toxic peripheral neuropathy is induced by 2,5-HD.Egb761 has a protective effect against 2,5-HD-induced peripheral neurotoxicity in rats.展开更多
The contactin-associated protein(Caspr) family participates in nerve excitation and conduction, and neurotransmitter release in myelinated axons. We analyzed the structures and functions of the Caspr family–CNTNAP1(C...The contactin-associated protein(Caspr) family participates in nerve excitation and conduction, and neurotransmitter release in myelinated axons. We analyzed the structures and functions of the Caspr family–CNTNAP1(Caspr1), CNTNAP2(Caspr2), CNTNAP3(Caspr3), CNTNAP4(Caspr4) and CNTNAP5(Caspr5), Caspr1–5 is not only involved in the formation of myelinated axons, but also participates in maintaining the stability of adjacent connections. Caspr1 participates in the formation, differentiation, and proliferation of neurons and astrocytes, and in motor control and cognitive function. We also analyzed the relationship between the Caspr family and neurodegenerative diseases, multiple sclerosis, and autoimmune encephalitis. However, the effects of Caspr on disease course and prognosis remain poorly understood. The effects of Caspr on disease diagnosis and treatment need further investigation.展开更多
Circular RNAs(circRNAs)play a vital role in diabetic peripheral neuropathy.However,their expression and function in Schwann cells in individuals with diabetic peripheral neuropathy remain poorly understood.Here,we per...Circular RNAs(circRNAs)play a vital role in diabetic peripheral neuropathy.However,their expression and function in Schwann cells in individuals with diabetic peripheral neuropathy remain poorly understood.Here,we performed protein profiling and circRNA sequencing of sural nerves in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy and controls.Protein profiling revealed 265 differentially expressed proteins in the diabetic peripheral neuropathy group.Gene Ontology indicated that differentially expressed proteins were mainly enriched in myelination and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.A real-time polymerase chain reaction assay performed to validate the circRNA sequencing results yielded 11 differentially expressed circRNAs.circ_0002538 was markedly downregulated in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Further in vitro experiments showed that overexpression of circ_0002538 promoted the migration of Schwann cells by upregulating plasmolipin(PLLP)expression.Moreover,overexpression of circ_0002538 in the sciatic nerve in a streptozotocin-induced mouse model of diabetic peripheral neuropathy alleviated demyelination and improved sciatic nerve function.The results of a mechanistic experiment showed that circ_0002538 promotes PLLP expression by sponging miR-138-5p,while a lack of circ_0002538 led to a PLLP deficiency that further suppressed Schwann cell migration.These findings suggest that the circ_0002538/miR-138-5p/PLLP axis can promote the migration of Schwann cells in diabetic peripheral neuropathy patients,improving myelin sheath structure and nerve function.Thus,this axis is a potential target for therapeutic treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.展开更多
Schwann cells,the myelinating glia of the peripheral nervous system,wrap axons multiple times to build their myelin sheath.Myelin is of paramount importance for axonal integrity and fast axon potential propagation.How...Schwann cells,the myelinating glia of the peripheral nervous system,wrap axons multiple times to build their myelin sheath.Myelin is of paramount importance for axonal integrity and fast axon potential propagation.However,myelin is lacking or dysfunctional in several neuropathies including demyelinating and dysmyelinating Charcot-M arie-To oth disease.Charcot-Marie-To oth disease represents the most prevalent inherited neuropathy in humans and is classified either as axonal,demyelinating or dysmyelinating,or as intermediate.The demyelinating or dysmyelinating forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease constitute the majority of the disease cases and are most frequently due to mutations in the three following myelin genes:peripheral myelin protein 22,myelin protein ze ro and gap junction beta 1(coding for Connexin 32) causing Charcot-M arie-Tooth disease type 1A,Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1B,and X-linked Charcot-M arie-Tooth disease type 1,respectively.The resulting perturbation of myelin structure and function leads to axonal demyelination or dysmyelination and causes severe disabilities in affected patients.No treatment to cure or slow down the disease progression is currently available on the market,howeve r,scientific discoveries led to a better understanding of the pathomechanisms of the disease and to potential treatment strategies.In this review,we describe the features and molecular mechanisms of the three main demyelinating or dysmyelinating forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease,the rodent models used in research,and the emerging therapeutic approaches to cure or counteract the progression of the disease.展开更多
Global climate changes affect the functioning of ecosystems, in particular host-pathogen interactions, with major consequences in health ecology, however, it is less addressed how the change in global temperature affe...Global climate changes affect the functioning of ecosystems, in particular host-pathogen interactions, with major consequences in health ecology, however, it is less addressed how the change in global temperature affects the protein family of influenza virus. In this study, we studied the adaptation of polymerase basic protein 1 (PB1) family from influenza A virus to temperature change. 3841 PB1 proteins sampled from 1956-2011 were quantified by the amino-acid pair predictability and then compared their general changes with the temperature changes (Had-CRUT3v and CRUTEM4v data sets) of corresponding years on a 5? by 5? grid-box basis. Also, point-to-point comparisons were conducted from 1956 to 1998 in all and different species. The results showed that both changes in the temperature and unpredictable portion of PB1 proteins had similar trends from 1956 to 2011, which provides the evidence of virus adaptation at protein level to climate change.展开更多
Coated capillary columns were prepared by sol-gel technology and used in the separation of basic proteins with capillary zone electrophoresis. The results indicated that a significan decrease in protein adsorption was...Coated capillary columns were prepared by sol-gel technology and used in the separation of basic proteins with capillary zone electrophoresis. The results indicated that a significan decrease in protein adsorption was obtained and EOF was also diminished to zero in the pH range of 3-10.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND:Acupuncture treatment on injured cerebral axons has shown to provide efficacy in clinical practice.It is unknown whether acupuncture produces therapeutic effects by protecting injured cerebral myelin in ischemic stroke.OBJECTIVE:To test whether acupuncture provides protection for injured cerebral myelin,based on quantitative data from cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats,and to compare the effects of early and late acupuncture on serum myelin basic protein(MBP) content and remyelination of the ischemic internal capsule.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized,controlled experiment was performed at the Neuro-biological Laboratory,Sichuan University from March 2005 to March 2006.MATERIALS:"Hua Tuo" Brand filiform needles were produced by the Medical Instrument Factory of Suzhou,China.METHODS:A total of 52 adult,healthy,male,Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups:control(n=4),model(n=16),early acupuncture(n=16),and late acupuncture(n=16).The focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion in the right hemisphere using the modified thread embolism method in the latter three groups.Early and late acupuncture groups underwent acupuncture after ischemia for 30 minutes and 2 hours using the Xingnaokaiqiao needling method,respectively.Acupoints were "Neiguan"(PC 6) and "Sanyinjiao"(SP 6) on the bilateral sides,as well as "Shuigou"(DU 26) and "Baihui"(DU 20) with stimulation for 1 minute at each acupoint.Acupuncture at all acupoints was performed two or three times while the needle was retained,once per day.No special handling was administered to the control group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:For each group,remyelination of the internal capsule was observed by Pal-Weigert's myelin staining and serum MBP content was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method on days 1,3,5,and 7 following ischemia-reperfusion injury.RESULTS:Compared with the control group,massive demyelination of the internal capsule occurred,and serum MBP content increased in the model group(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the extent of demyelination in the internal capsule was less distinct and serum MBP content was significantly less in the early and late acupuncture group(P<0.01).Compared with the late acupuncture group,serum MBP content reached a peak later and the peak value was less in the early acupuncture group.CONCLUSION:Results suggest that acupuncture exerts a protective effect on injured cerebral myelin in ischemia-reperfusion rats by reducing serum MBP content and promoting remyelination.The study also suggests that the effect of early acupuncture is superior to late acupuncture.
文摘Objective In order to determine serum myelin basic protein (MBP) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis and evaluate its clinical significance. Methods\ Serum MBP was measured in 20 patients with acute hemorrhagic necrotic pancreatitis (AHNP) and in 20 normal subjects by enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay. Results\ Serum MBP content of AHNP group was significantly higher than that of normal control group (P<0.05). Serum MBP content in patients with pancreatic encephalopathy (PE) was significantly higher than that of those without PE (P<0.05). Conclusion\ ①Serum MBP content in patients with AHNP increased significantly;②Serum MBP content may reflect brain injury and its severity;③The prognosis of AHNP is correlated with its serum MBP content.\;
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21402114 and 11544009)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(Grant No.2016JM2010)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant No.GK201604004)the National University Science and Technology Innovation Project of China(Grant Nos.201610718014 and cx16018)
文摘Myelin basic protein(MBP) is an essential structure involved in the generation of central nervous system(CNS)myelin.Myelin shape has been described as liquid crystal structure of biological membrane.The interactions of MBP with monolayers of different lipid compositions are responsible for the multi-lamellar structure and stability of myelin.In this paper,we have designed MBP-incorporated model lipid monolayers and studied the phase behavior of MBP adsorbed on the plasma membrane at the air/water interface by thermodynamic method and atomic force microscopy(AFM).By analyzing the pressure–area(π–A) and pressure–time(π–T) isotherms,univariate linear regression equation was obtained.In addition,the elastic modulus,surface pressure increase,maximal insertion pressure,and synergy factor of monolayers were detected.These parameters can be used to modulate the monolayers binding of protein,and the results show that MBP has the strongest affinity for 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine(DPPS) monolayer,followed by DPPC/DPPS mixed and1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-choline(DPPC) monolayers via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions.AFM images of DPPS and DPPC/DPPS mixed monolayers in the presence of MBP(5 n M) show a phase separation texture at the surface pressure of 20 m N/m and the incorporation of MBP put into the DPPC monolayers has exerted a significant effect on the domain structure.MBP is not an integral membrane protein but,due to its positive charge,interacts with the lipid head groups and stabilizes the membranes.The interaction between MBP and phospholipid membrane to determine the nervous system of the disease has a good biophysical significance and medical value.
文摘In order to study whether patients with schizophrenia have cerebral injury, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and myelin basic protein (MBP)in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 33 patients with first episode schizophrenia and 9 from the control group were determined by double antibody sandwich enzyme immunoassay method. The results showed that there was significant difference in the NSE contents between the experimental group and control group (P<0.01). The NSE contents in CSF in the experimental group were positively correlated with MBP in schizophrenia patients (P<0.05). These findings suggested that patients with schizophrenia had cerebral injury.
基金Supported by:the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30600224Supported by:the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30700438+2 种基金the Postdoctoral Foundation of China,No.20060390886Hunan Province Natural Science Foundation,No.07JJ5026Hunan Province Scientific Program,No.2008FJ3138
文摘BACKGROUND:Dithiocarbamates can cause demyelination of axons in the peripheral nervous system.Its derivate,diethyldithiocarbamate,is cytotoxic,and causes olfactory mucosal damage and atrophy of the olfactory bulb.However,it is still unclear whether the myelin sheath of the lateral olfactory tract is affected by diethyldithiocarbamate. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of diethyldithiocarbamate on the myelin sheath of the rat lateral olfactory tract.This was done by examining changes in myelin basic protein expression after diethyldithiocarbamate treatment. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized,controlled,animal study was performed at the Laboratory of the Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University,China from July to November 2007. MATERIALS:A total of 72 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into a diethyldithiocarbamate group(n = 32),a solvent control group(n = 32),and a blank control group (n = 8).The diethyldithiocarbamate and solvent control groups were separately divided into 3-d, 7-d,14-d and 28-d survival subgroups,with eight rats in each.Diethyldithiocarbamate(Sigma, USA) and goat anti-myelin basic protein polyclonal antibody(Santa Cruz,USA) were used in this study. METHODS:Rats in the diethyldithiocarbamate and solvent control groups were subcutaneously injected with diethyldithiocarbamate(600 mg/kg) and 0.01 mol/L phosphate buffered saline (600 mg/kg) at the posterior neck,respectively.Rats in the blank control group received no treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot assay were used to measure myelin basic protein expression in the rat lateral olfactory tract. RESULTS:Following immunohistochemical staining,myelin basic protein was uniformly distributed in the rat lateral olfactory tract in the blank control and solvent control groups.Western blot assay showed 21.5,18,17 and 14 ku positive bands.No significant difference was found in myelin basic protein distribution and blot pattern,in the rat lateral olfactory tract,in the diethyldithiocarbamate group,following immunohistochemical staining and Western blot assay. Myelin basic protein expression gradually decreased at day 3,reached the lowest level at day 7, and gradually increased again at days 14 and 28. CONCLUSION:Demyelination is induced by diethyldithiocarbamate in the rat lateral olfactory tract in an early stage,followed by remyelination at later stages.
基金ThisworkwassupportedbytheMajorStateBasicResearchDevelopmentProgramofChina (No .G19990 5 42 0 6 )
文摘Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) on changes of myelin basic protein (MBP) and functional repair of sensory and motor nerve following sciatic nerve injury. Methods: The sciatic nerves of rats were injured by sectioning with shaver,and divided into 3 groups: NGF group (Group A), group of normal saline solution (Group B), untreated group (Group C). The time point of observation was at the 4th week after operation. Sensory evoked potential (SEP) and motor evoked potential (MEP) were detected by Model WD 4000 nerve potential working diagnosis system. Immunohistochemical analysis was used for identification of MBP.Results: The latency of SEP in the Group A at the 4th week after operation was shorter than that in the Group B (P< 0.05 ). The MEP was elicited in 76% of the Group A and was higher than that in the Group B. Results of immunohistochemistry showed that there were less MBP positive cells in the Group A than in the Group B in one and four weeks respectively.Conclusions: NGF can improve the conductive function of injured peripheral nerve and facilitate regeneration of nerve.
基金supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health,No.NS105689(to WL)the Department of Defense through the Multiple Sclerosis Research Program,No.W81XWH-22-1-0757(to WL).
文摘The unfolded protein response(UPR)is a cellular stress response pathway activated when the endoplasmic reticulum,a crucial organelle for protein folding and modification,encounters an accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins.The UPR aims to restore endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis by enhancing protein folding capacity,reducing protein biosynthesis,and promoting protein degradation.It also plays a pivotal role in coordinating signaling cascades to determine cell fate and function in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress.Recent research has highlighted the significance of the UPR not only in maintaining endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis but also in influencing various physiological processes in the nervous system.Here,we provide an overview of recent findings that underscore the UPR’s involvement in preserving the function and viability of neuronal and myelinating cells under physiological conditions,and highlight the critical role of the UPR in brain development,memory storage,retinal cone development,myelination,and maintenance of myelin thickness.
文摘To explore the effect of dexamethasone by local treatment on cerebral edema and brain damage after brain injury. Methods: Twenty-two rabbits were classified into 2 groups, Group A (the control group, n=11) and Group B (the treated group, n=11). An rabbit brain contusion model was made by bone windowplasty by extradural hitting. Group B was treated by local infiltrating and spraying of dexamethasone at equidistance to lesions. Group A was given normal saline in the same way as Group B. The changes of moisture in brain tissues and serum myelin basic protein (MBP) were observed. Results: The percentage of water content in damaged hemisphere in Group A and Group B was 81.75 %± 0.56 % and 79.45 %± 0.52 % respectively. There was a significant difference between the 2 groups (P< 0.05 ). The normal level of MBP was 1.66 μg/L± 0.71 μg/L, while the value of MBP in Group A and Group B were 5.98 μg/L± 2.08 μg/L and 3.15 μg/L± 1.09 μg/L separately. The level of MBP in Group A and Group B were higher than normal level and there was also a significant difference between Group A and Group B (P< 0.05 ). Conclusions: The results of our study showed that the brain moisture and MBP in serum were increased after brain injury while reduced after treatment with dexamethasone. It is demonstrated that local treatment of brain injury with dexamethasone has an obvious therapeutic effect on cerebral edema and serum MBP.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81901193(to HLZ)and 81901267(to YY)。
文摘Piezo1 is a mechanically-gated calcium channel.Recent studies have shown that Piezo1,a mechanically-gated calcium channel,can attenuate both psychosineand lipopolysaccharide-induced demyelination.Because oligodendrocyte damage and demyelination occur in intracerebral hemorrhage,in this study,we investigated the role of Piezo1 in intracerebral hemorrhage.We established a mouse model of cerebral hemorrhage by injecting autologous blood into the right basal ganglia and found that Piezo1 was largely expressed soon(within 48 hours)after intracerebral hemorrhage,primarily in oligodendrocytes.Intraperitoneal injection of Dooku1 to inhibit Piezo1 resulted in marked alleviation of brain edema,myelin sheath loss,and degeneration in injured tissue,a substantial reduction in oligodendrocyte apoptosis,and a significant improvement in neurological function.In addition,we found that Dooku1-mediated Piezo1 suppression reduced intracellular endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell apoptosis through the PERK-ATF4-CHOP and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 signaling pathway.These findings suggest that Piezo1 is a potential therapeutic target for intracerebral hemorrhage,as its suppression reduces intracellular endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell apoptosis and protects the myelin sheath,thereby improving neuronal function after intracerebral hemorrhage.
基金Science and Technology Plan Program of Social Development of Guangdong Science and Technology Department in 2007,No.73127
文摘BACKGROUND: Spleen deficiency in traditional Chinese medicine refers to the functional disorder of spleen,pancreas,intestines,and nervous system in modern medicine.OBJECTIVE: To test whether electro-acupuncture could alter basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) protein and mRNA expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of spleen deficiency rats.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING: The randomized,controlled,in vivo animal experiment was performed at the National Level-B Laboratory of Clinical Cell Molecule and Biology in Shenzhen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,between March and November in 2008.MATERIALS: Reserpine injection was produced by Guangdong Bangmin Pharmaceutical Co.Rhubarb extract granule preparation was produced by Guangdong Yifang Pharmaceutical.Huanqiu Brand sterile acupuncture pin was provided by Suzhou Acupuncture Supplies,China.Huatuo Brand electroacupuncture instrument (type SDZ-II) was purchased from Suzhou Medical Appliance Factory,China.METHODS: A total of 96 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to control (n = 32) and induction (n = 64) groups.Spleen deficiency was induced via intraperitoneal injection of reserpine and intragastric administration of rhubarb.The successful models were randomized into two groups: model and electro-acupuncture,with 32 rats in each group.Elec-tro-acupuncture was administered at Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) acupoints using a condensation wave and rarefaction (condensation wave 15 Hz) at a strength of 6–15 V for 20 minutes,once per day.The appearance of a slight shiver in the corresponding locus was taken as the standard.According to electro-acupuncture time points,each group was assigned to four subgroups at 7,14,28,and 49 days,respectively,with eight rats in each subgroup.Immunohistochemical staining,image analysis,and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction were performed at different time points.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: bFGF protein and mRNA expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of spleen deficiency rats.RESULTS: After 7 days of electro-acupuncture therapy,bFGF protein and mRNA expression significantly increased compared with the model and control groups (P < 0.05).After 14 days,bFGF protein and mRNA expression decreased until 28 days,where levels were then equal to the model group and greater than the control group (P < 0.05).After 49 days,the above indices remained increased in the electro-acupuncture group compared to the model and control groups (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Continuous electro-acupuncture maintained a high level of bFGF protein and mRNA expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of spleen deficiency rats.
文摘Both global warming and influenza trouble humans in varying ways, therefore it is important to study the trends in both global warming and evolution of influenza A virus, in particular, proteins from influenza A virus. Recently, we have conducted two studies along this line to determine the trends between global warming and polymerase acidic protein as well as matrix protein 2. Although these two studies reveal some interesting findings, many studies are still in need because at least there are ten different proteins in influenza A virus. In this study, we analyze the trends in global warming and evolution of polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) from influenza A virus. The PB2 evolution from 1956 to 2008 was defined using the unpredictable portion of aminoacid pair. Then the trend in this evolution was compared with the trend in the global temperature, the temperature in north and south hemispheres, and the temperature in influenza A virus sampling site and species carrying influenza A virus. The results show the similar trends in global warming and in PB2 evolution, which are in good agreement with our previous studies in polymerase acidic protein and matrix protein 2 from influenza A virus.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No.30700674 and No.30625031)the Project for Technologies of Occupational Health Surveillance and Detection (200902006)the Youth Fund of Chinese Center of Disease Control (2010A204)
文摘Objective To investigate the role of myelin protein zero (P 0) in 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD)-induced peripheral nerve injury,and the protective effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (Egb761) on 2,5-HD-induced toxic peripheral neuropathy.Methods After 4 weeks of treatment with 2,5-HD at different doses (50,100,200,400 mg/kg) in rats,changes in the levels of P 0 in rat sciatic nerves was investigated,and the effect of Egb761 on 2,5-HD-induced toxic peripheral neuropathy was studied.Results The blood-nerve barrier (BNB) permeability of the sciatic nerve increased,and the expression of P 0 mRNA and P 0 protein decreased in a dose-dependent manner after treatment with 2,5-HD for 4 weeks.Pretreatment with Egb761 protected against BNB interruption,and inhibited P 0 mRNA and protein reduction during 2,5-HD treatment.Pretreatment with Egb761 significantly reduced loss of body weight (P<0.01) and mitigated gait abnormalities (2.85±0.22) induced by 400 mg/kg 2,5-HD (P<0.01).It also reduced the signs of neurotoxicity induced by 2,5-HD.Conclusion 2,5-HD inhibited the expression of P 0 in a dose-dependent manner,and this may be an important mechanism by which toxic peripheral neuropathy is induced by 2,5-HD.Egb761 has a protective effect against 2,5-HD-induced peripheral neurotoxicity in rats.
基金supported by a grant from the Instructional Program of Science and Technology Bureau of Wuxi City of China,No.0302B010507130039PB
文摘The contactin-associated protein(Caspr) family participates in nerve excitation and conduction, and neurotransmitter release in myelinated axons. We analyzed the structures and functions of the Caspr family–CNTNAP1(Caspr1), CNTNAP2(Caspr2), CNTNAP3(Caspr3), CNTNAP4(Caspr4) and CNTNAP5(Caspr5), Caspr1–5 is not only involved in the formation of myelinated axons, but also participates in maintaining the stability of adjacent connections. Caspr1 participates in the formation, differentiation, and proliferation of neurons and astrocytes, and in motor control and cognitive function. We also analyzed the relationship between the Caspr family and neurodegenerative diseases, multiple sclerosis, and autoimmune encephalitis. However, the effects of Caspr on disease course and prognosis remain poorly understood. The effects of Caspr on disease diagnosis and treatment need further investigation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81772094(to ZBC),81974289(to ZBC)the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province,No.2020BCB031(to ZBC)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,No.2020CFB433(to YTL).
文摘Circular RNAs(circRNAs)play a vital role in diabetic peripheral neuropathy.However,their expression and function in Schwann cells in individuals with diabetic peripheral neuropathy remain poorly understood.Here,we performed protein profiling and circRNA sequencing of sural nerves in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy and controls.Protein profiling revealed 265 differentially expressed proteins in the diabetic peripheral neuropathy group.Gene Ontology indicated that differentially expressed proteins were mainly enriched in myelination and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.A real-time polymerase chain reaction assay performed to validate the circRNA sequencing results yielded 11 differentially expressed circRNAs.circ_0002538 was markedly downregulated in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Further in vitro experiments showed that overexpression of circ_0002538 promoted the migration of Schwann cells by upregulating plasmolipin(PLLP)expression.Moreover,overexpression of circ_0002538 in the sciatic nerve in a streptozotocin-induced mouse model of diabetic peripheral neuropathy alleviated demyelination and improved sciatic nerve function.The results of a mechanistic experiment showed that circ_0002538 promotes PLLP expression by sponging miR-138-5p,while a lack of circ_0002538 led to a PLLP deficiency that further suppressed Schwann cell migration.These findings suggest that the circ_0002538/miR-138-5p/PLLP axis can promote the migration of Schwann cells in diabetic peripheral neuropathy patients,improving myelin sheath structure and nerve function.Thus,this axis is a potential target for therapeutic treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
基金supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinshaft (to CJ)。
文摘Schwann cells,the myelinating glia of the peripheral nervous system,wrap axons multiple times to build their myelin sheath.Myelin is of paramount importance for axonal integrity and fast axon potential propagation.However,myelin is lacking or dysfunctional in several neuropathies including demyelinating and dysmyelinating Charcot-M arie-To oth disease.Charcot-Marie-To oth disease represents the most prevalent inherited neuropathy in humans and is classified either as axonal,demyelinating or dysmyelinating,or as intermediate.The demyelinating or dysmyelinating forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease constitute the majority of the disease cases and are most frequently due to mutations in the three following myelin genes:peripheral myelin protein 22,myelin protein ze ro and gap junction beta 1(coding for Connexin 32) causing Charcot-M arie-Tooth disease type 1A,Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1B,and X-linked Charcot-M arie-Tooth disease type 1,respectively.The resulting perturbation of myelin structure and function leads to axonal demyelination or dysmyelination and causes severe disabilities in affected patients.No treatment to cure or slow down the disease progression is currently available on the market,howeve r,scientific discoveries led to a better understanding of the pathomechanisms of the disease and to potential treatment strategies.In this review,we describe the features and molecular mechanisms of the three main demyelinating or dysmyelinating forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease,the rodent models used in research,and the emerging therapeutic approaches to cure or counteract the progression of the disease.
文摘Global climate changes affect the functioning of ecosystems, in particular host-pathogen interactions, with major consequences in health ecology, however, it is less addressed how the change in global temperature affects the protein family of influenza virus. In this study, we studied the adaptation of polymerase basic protein 1 (PB1) family from influenza A virus to temperature change. 3841 PB1 proteins sampled from 1956-2011 were quantified by the amino-acid pair predictability and then compared their general changes with the temperature changes (Had-CRUT3v and CRUTEM4v data sets) of corresponding years on a 5? by 5? grid-box basis. Also, point-to-point comparisons were conducted from 1956 to 1998 in all and different species. The results showed that both changes in the temperature and unpredictable portion of PB1 proteins had similar trends from 1956 to 2011, which provides the evidence of virus adaptation at protein level to climate change.
文摘Coated capillary columns were prepared by sol-gel technology and used in the separation of basic proteins with capillary zone electrophoresis. The results indicated that a significan decrease in protein adsorption was obtained and EOF was also diminished to zero in the pH range of 3-10.
