Partial hepatectomy(PH)can lead to severe complications,including liver failure,due to the low regenerative capacity of the remaining liver,especially after extensive hepatectomy.Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells(LSE...Partial hepatectomy(PH)can lead to severe complications,including liver failure,due to the low regenerative capacity of the remaining liver,especially after extensive hepatectomy.Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells(LSECs),whose proliferation occurs more slowly and later than hepatocytes after PH,compose the lining of the hepatic sinusoids,which are the smallest blood vessels in the liver.Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),secreted by hepatocytes,promotes LSEC proliferation.Supplementation of exogenous VEGF after hepatectomy also increases the number of LSECs in the remaining liver,thus promoting the reestablishment of the hepatic sinusoids and accelerating liver regeneration.At present,some shortcomings exist in the methods of supplementing exogenous VEGF,such as a low drug concentration in the liver and the reaching of other organs.Moreover,VEGF should be administered multiple times and in large doses because of its short half-life.This review summarized the most recent findings on liver regeneration and new strategies for the localized delivery VEGF in the liver.展开更多
A triethylenetetramine epoxy mixture was synthesized through the reaction of a low-molecular-weight liquid epoxy resin with triethylenetetramine(TETA).Then triethyltetramine(TETA)was injected dropwise into a pro-pylen...A triethylenetetramine epoxy mixture was synthesized through the reaction of a low-molecular-weight liquid epoxy resin with triethylenetetramine(TETA).Then triethyltetramine(TETA)was injected dropwise into a pro-pylene glycol methyl ether(PM)solution for chain extension reaction.A hydrophilic andflexible polyether seg-ment was introduced into the hardener molecule.The effects of TETA/DGEPG,reaction temperature and reaction time on the epoxy conversion of polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether(DGEPG)were studied.In addition,several alternate strategies to add epoxy resin to the high-speed dispersion machine and synthesize MEA DGEBA adduct(without catalyst and with bisphenol A diglycidyl ether epoxy resin)were compared.It was found that the higher the molecular weight of triethylenetetramine,the longer the chain segment of the surface active molecule.When the equivalence ratio of amine hydrogen and epoxy group is low,the stability of lotion is good.When the ratio of amine hydrogen to epoxy group is large,the content of triethylenetetramine is small.The main objective of this study is the provision of new data and knowledge for the development of new materials in the coating and electronic industry.展开更多
Combustion within small motors is key in the application-specific development of nanothermite-based micro-energetic systems. This study evaluates the performance of nanothermite mixtures in a converging-diverging nozz...Combustion within small motors is key in the application-specific development of nanothermite-based micro-energetic systems. This study evaluates the performance of nanothermite mixtures in a converging-diverging nozzle and an open tube. Mixtures were prepared using nano-aluminum(n-Al),potassium perchlorate(KClO_(4)), and different carbon nanomaterials(CNMs) including graphene-oxide(GO), reduced GO, carbon nanotubes(CNTs) and nanofibers(CNFs). The mixtures were packed at different densities and ignited by laser beam. Performance was measured using thrust measurement,high-speed imaging, and computational fluid dynamics modeling, respectively. Thrust, specific impulse(ISP), volumetric impulse(ISV), as well as normalized energy were found to increase notably with CNM content. Two distinctive reaction regimes(fast and slow) were observed in combustion of low and high packing densities(20% and 55%TMD), respectively. Total impulse(IFT) and ISPwere maximized in the 5%GO/Al/KClO_4 mixture, producing 7.95 m N·s and 135.20 s respectively at 20%TMD, an improvement of 57%compared to a GO-free sample(5.05 m N·s and 85.88 s). CFD analysis of the motors over predicts the thrust generated but trends in nozzle layout and packing density agree with those observed experimentally;peak force was maximized by reducing packing density and using an open tube. The numerical force profiles fit better for the nozzle cases than the open tube scenarios due to the rapid nature of combustion. This study reveals the potential of GO in improving oxygenated salt-based nanothermites,and further demonstrates their applicability for micro-propulsion and micro-energetic applications.展开更多
With the advent of tissue engineering and biomedicine,the creation of extracellular matrix(ECM)biomaterials for in vitro applications has become a prominent and promising strategy.These ECM materials provide physical,...With the advent of tissue engineering and biomedicine,the creation of extracellular matrix(ECM)biomaterials for in vitro applications has become a prominent and promising strategy.These ECM materials provide physical,biochemical,and mechanical properties that guide cellular behaviors,such as proliferation,differentiation,migration,and apoptosis.Because micro-and nano-patterned materials have a unique surface topology and low energy replication process that directly affect cellular biological behaviors at the interface,the fabrication of micro-nano pattern biomaterials and the regulation of surface physical and chemical properties are of great significance in the fields of cell regulation,tissue engineering,and regenerative medicine.Herein,we provide a comprehensive review of the progress in the fabrication and application of patterned materials based on the coupling of mechanical action at the micro-and nano-meter scale,including photolithography,micro-contact printing,electron beam lithography,electrospinning,and 3D printing technology.Furthermore,a summary of the fabrication process,underlying principles,as well as the advantages and disadvantages of various technologies are reviewed.We also discuss the influence of material properties on the fabrication of micro-and nano-patterns.展开更多
The present study is concerned with the physical behavior of the combined effect of nano particle material motion and heat generation/absorption due to the effect of different parameters involved in prescribed flow mo...The present study is concerned with the physical behavior of the combined effect of nano particle material motion and heat generation/absorption due to the effect of different parameters involved in prescribed flow model.The formulation of the flow model is based on basic universal equations of conservation of momentum,energy and mass.The prescribed flow model is converted to non-dimensional form by using suitable scaling.The obtained transformed equations are solved numerically by using finite difference scheme.For the analysis of above said behavior the computed numerical data for fluid velocity,temperature profile,and mass concentration for several constraints that is mixed convection parameterλt,modified mixed convection parameterλc,Prandtl number Pr,heat generation/absorption parameterδ,Schmidt number Sc,thermophoresis parameter Nt,and thermophoretic coefficient k are sketched in graphical form.Numerical results for skin friction,heat transfer rate and the mass transfer rate are tabulated for various emerging physical parameters.It is reported that in enhancement in heat,generation boosts up the fluid temperature at some positions of the surface of the sphere.As heat absorption parameter is decreased temperature field increases at position X=π/4 on the other hand,no alteration at other considered circumferential positions is noticed.展开更多
Due to the widespread use of nanocarbon materials(NCMs),more researchers are studying their tribological performances.In this work,the tribological behaviors of the following five types of NCMs with different geometri...Due to the widespread use of nanocarbon materials(NCMs),more researchers are studying their tribological performances.In this work,the tribological behaviors of the following five types of NCMs with different geometric shapes were evaluated in a novel oil‐in‐water system:spherical fullerenes(C60,0D),tubular multi‐walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNT,1D),sheet graphene oxide(GO,2D),sheet graphene oxide derivative(Oct‐O‐GO,2D),and lamellar graphite(G,3D).Among these,GO with two types of oxidation degrees,i.e.,GO(1),GO(2),and Oct‐O‐GO(1)were synthesized and characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,x‐ray diffraction,thermogravimetric analysis,scanning electron microscopy,and contact angle measurements.The load‐carrying capacity of the NCM emulsions were evaluated using a four‐ball test machine,and the lubrication performances were investigated using a high‐frequency reciprocating friction and wear tester with a sliding distance of 1,800 mm under different loads(50 N and 100 N)at 0.5 Hz.The results revealed that the Oct‐O‐GO(1)emulsion exhibited the best load‐carrying capacity,and the best friction‐reducing and anti‐wear properties compared to other emulsions.Moreover,the anti‐wear advantage was more prominent under high load conditions,whereas the other emulsions exhibited a certain degree of abrasive or adhesive wear.The lubrication mechanism was determined through the analysis of worn surfaces using scanning electron microscopy/energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy,micro‐Raman spectroscopy,and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The results revealed that during frictional sliding,the ingredients in the emulsion can absorb and react with the freshly exposed metal surface to form surface‐active films to protect the surfaces from abrasion.Moreover,it was found that the higher the amount of ingredients that contain alkyl and O‐H/C=O,the better was the lubrication performance in addition to an increase in the carbon residue in the tribofilm generated on the meal surface.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3 D)printing,also known as additive manufacturing,has the advantages of low cost,easy structure operation,rapid prototyping,and easy customization.In the past few years,materials with different struc...Three-dimensional(3 D)printing,also known as additive manufacturing,has the advantages of low cost,easy structure operation,rapid prototyping,and easy customization.In the past few years,materials with different structures,compositions,and properties have been widely studied as prospects in the field of 3 D printing.This paper reviews the synthesis methods and morphologies of one-,two-and threedimensional micro/nano materials and their composites,as well as their applications in electrochemistry,such as supercapacitors,batteries and electrocatalysis.The latest progress and breakthroughs in the synthesis and application of different structural materials in 3 D-printing materials,as well as the challenges and prospects of electrochemical applications,are discussed.展开更多
1 Results On the basis of previous work,the general theory,least square methods and computing programs have been proposed and developed,which can separate the two-fold broadening effect caused by crystallite-micro str...1 Results On the basis of previous work,the general theory,least square methods and computing programs have been proposed and developed,which can separate the two-fold broadening effect caused by crystallite-micro strain,crystallite-stacking faults,strain-faults and which can also separate the three fold broadening effect caused by crystallite-strain-faults in closed-parked hexagonal (CPH) nano-materials.The method is applied to characterize and investigate the microstructure in β-Ni(OH)2 as negative ma...展开更多
The successful implementation of bioelectronic devices attached to living organism hinges on a number of material and device characteristics,including not only electrical and mechanical performances to gather physiolo...The successful implementation of bioelectronic devices attached to living organism hinges on a number of material and device characteristics,including not only electrical and mechanical performances to gather physiological signals from living organism thus enabling status monitoring,but also permeability or breathability for gas/nutrient exchange between living organisms and surroundings to ensure minimum perturbation of the intrinsic biological function.However,most bioelectronic devices built on planar polymeric substrates,such as polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS),polyurethane(PU),and polyimide(PI),lack efficient gas permeability,which may hinder the emission of volatile compounds from the surface of living organism,affecting the natural metabolism and reducing the comfort of wearing.Thus,achieving permeability or breathability in bioelectronic devices is a significant challenge.Currently,the devices made of gas-permeable materials with porous structures,that combine electronic components with daily garments,such as fibric and textile,offer exciting opportunities for breathable electronics.In this review,several types of gas-permeable materials with their synthesis and processing routes are outlines.Then,two methods for measuring water vapor transmission rate of materials are discussed in depth.Finally,recent progress in the use of gaspermeable materials for the applications of plant-and skin-attached electronics is summarized systematically.展开更多
As the main target cells of immune regulation,macrophages play an important role in the bone regeneration process.Macrophages can be polarized into the M1 and M2 types under the stimulation of different factors.They h...As the main target cells of immune regulation,macrophages play an important role in the bone regeneration process.Macrophages can be polarized into the M1 and M2 types under the stimulation of different factors.They have proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects,respectively,and play key roles in different stages of bone regeneration.The ratio of M1 to M2 macrophages can be regulated by immunomodulatory biomaterials to promote bone repair and regeneration.In this paper,we review the recent literature on the chemical,physical and biological properties of biomaterials and the regulation of macrophage polarization under the influence of other factors.We also cover new methods for preparing immunomodulatory biomaterials for bone regeneration.This paper will provide new design ideas for the development of biomaterials with immunological properties and will support the clinical translation of bone-related medical biomaterials.展开更多
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,No.LQ21H030005
文摘Partial hepatectomy(PH)can lead to severe complications,including liver failure,due to the low regenerative capacity of the remaining liver,especially after extensive hepatectomy.Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells(LSECs),whose proliferation occurs more slowly and later than hepatocytes after PH,compose the lining of the hepatic sinusoids,which are the smallest blood vessels in the liver.Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),secreted by hepatocytes,promotes LSEC proliferation.Supplementation of exogenous VEGF after hepatectomy also increases the number of LSECs in the remaining liver,thus promoting the reestablishment of the hepatic sinusoids and accelerating liver regeneration.At present,some shortcomings exist in the methods of supplementing exogenous VEGF,such as a low drug concentration in the liver and the reaching of other organs.Moreover,VEGF should be administered multiple times and in large doses because of its short half-life.This review summarized the most recent findings on liver regeneration and new strategies for the localized delivery VEGF in the liver.
基金This work is financially supported by a University-Level Doctoral Research Start-Up Fund in 2019.
文摘A triethylenetetramine epoxy mixture was synthesized through the reaction of a low-molecular-weight liquid epoxy resin with triethylenetetramine(TETA).Then triethyltetramine(TETA)was injected dropwise into a pro-pylene glycol methyl ether(PM)solution for chain extension reaction.A hydrophilic andflexible polyether seg-ment was introduced into the hardener molecule.The effects of TETA/DGEPG,reaction temperature and reaction time on the epoxy conversion of polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether(DGEPG)were studied.In addition,several alternate strategies to add epoxy resin to the high-speed dispersion machine and synthesize MEA DGEBA adduct(without catalyst and with bisphenol A diglycidyl ether epoxy resin)were compared.It was found that the higher the molecular weight of triethylenetetramine,the longer the chain segment of the surface active molecule.When the equivalence ratio of amine hydrogen and epoxy group is low,the stability of lotion is good.When the ratio of amine hydrogen to epoxy group is large,the content of triethylenetetramine is small.The main objective of this study is the provision of new data and knowledge for the development of new materials in the coating and electronic industry.
基金financial funding from the Egyptian governmentthe financial funding from the NSERC Discovery grant。
文摘Combustion within small motors is key in the application-specific development of nanothermite-based micro-energetic systems. This study evaluates the performance of nanothermite mixtures in a converging-diverging nozzle and an open tube. Mixtures were prepared using nano-aluminum(n-Al),potassium perchlorate(KClO_(4)), and different carbon nanomaterials(CNMs) including graphene-oxide(GO), reduced GO, carbon nanotubes(CNTs) and nanofibers(CNFs). The mixtures were packed at different densities and ignited by laser beam. Performance was measured using thrust measurement,high-speed imaging, and computational fluid dynamics modeling, respectively. Thrust, specific impulse(ISP), volumetric impulse(ISV), as well as normalized energy were found to increase notably with CNM content. Two distinctive reaction regimes(fast and slow) were observed in combustion of low and high packing densities(20% and 55%TMD), respectively. Total impulse(IFT) and ISPwere maximized in the 5%GO/Al/KClO_4 mixture, producing 7.95 m N·s and 135.20 s respectively at 20%TMD, an improvement of 57%compared to a GO-free sample(5.05 m N·s and 85.88 s). CFD analysis of the motors over predicts the thrust generated but trends in nozzle layout and packing density agree with those observed experimentally;peak force was maximized by reducing packing density and using an open tube. The numerical force profiles fit better for the nozzle cases than the open tube scenarios due to the rapid nature of combustion. This study reveals the potential of GO in improving oxygenated salt-based nanothermites,and further demonstrates their applicability for micro-propulsion and micro-energetic applications.
基金supported by Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CAS(No.QYKJZD-SSW-SLH02).
文摘With the advent of tissue engineering and biomedicine,the creation of extracellular matrix(ECM)biomaterials for in vitro applications has become a prominent and promising strategy.These ECM materials provide physical,biochemical,and mechanical properties that guide cellular behaviors,such as proliferation,differentiation,migration,and apoptosis.Because micro-and nano-patterned materials have a unique surface topology and low energy replication process that directly affect cellular biological behaviors at the interface,the fabrication of micro-nano pattern biomaterials and the regulation of surface physical and chemical properties are of great significance in the fields of cell regulation,tissue engineering,and regenerative medicine.Herein,we provide a comprehensive review of the progress in the fabrication and application of patterned materials based on the coupling of mechanical action at the micro-and nano-meter scale,including photolithography,micro-contact printing,electron beam lithography,electrospinning,and 3D printing technology.Furthermore,a summary of the fabrication process,underlying principles,as well as the advantages and disadvantages of various technologies are reviewed.We also discuss the influence of material properties on the fabrication of micro-and nano-patterns.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61673169,11701176,11626101,11601485).
文摘The present study is concerned with the physical behavior of the combined effect of nano particle material motion and heat generation/absorption due to the effect of different parameters involved in prescribed flow model.The formulation of the flow model is based on basic universal equations of conservation of momentum,energy and mass.The prescribed flow model is converted to non-dimensional form by using suitable scaling.The obtained transformed equations are solved numerically by using finite difference scheme.For the analysis of above said behavior the computed numerical data for fluid velocity,temperature profile,and mass concentration for several constraints that is mixed convection parameterλt,modified mixed convection parameterλc,Prandtl number Pr,heat generation/absorption parameterδ,Schmidt number Sc,thermophoresis parameter Nt,and thermophoretic coefficient k are sketched in graphical form.Numerical results for skin friction,heat transfer rate and the mass transfer rate are tabulated for various emerging physical parameters.It is reported that in enhancement in heat,generation boosts up the fluid temperature at some positions of the surface of the sphere.As heat absorption parameter is decreased temperature field increases at position X=π/4 on the other hand,no alteration at other considered circumferential positions is noticed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21703279,and21506064)Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(No.17ZR1442100)the Shanghai Municipal “Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan” International Cooperation Project(No.15540723600)for financial support
文摘Due to the widespread use of nanocarbon materials(NCMs),more researchers are studying their tribological performances.In this work,the tribological behaviors of the following five types of NCMs with different geometric shapes were evaluated in a novel oil‐in‐water system:spherical fullerenes(C60,0D),tubular multi‐walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNT,1D),sheet graphene oxide(GO,2D),sheet graphene oxide derivative(Oct‐O‐GO,2D),and lamellar graphite(G,3D).Among these,GO with two types of oxidation degrees,i.e.,GO(1),GO(2),and Oct‐O‐GO(1)were synthesized and characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,x‐ray diffraction,thermogravimetric analysis,scanning electron microscopy,and contact angle measurements.The load‐carrying capacity of the NCM emulsions were evaluated using a four‐ball test machine,and the lubrication performances were investigated using a high‐frequency reciprocating friction and wear tester with a sliding distance of 1,800 mm under different loads(50 N and 100 N)at 0.5 Hz.The results revealed that the Oct‐O‐GO(1)emulsion exhibited the best load‐carrying capacity,and the best friction‐reducing and anti‐wear properties compared to other emulsions.Moreover,the anti‐wear advantage was more prominent under high load conditions,whereas the other emulsions exhibited a certain degree of abrasive or adhesive wear.The lubrication mechanism was determined through the analysis of worn surfaces using scanning electron microscopy/energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy,micro‐Raman spectroscopy,and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The results revealed that during frictional sliding,the ingredients in the emulsion can absorb and react with the freshly exposed metal surface to form surface‐active films to protect the surfaces from abrasion.Moreover,it was found that the higher the amount of ingredients that contain alkyl and O‐H/C=O,the better was the lubrication performance in addition to an increase in the carbon residue in the tribofilm generated on the meal surface.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1904215)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20200044)Changjiang Scholars Program of the Ministry of Education(No.Q2018270)。
文摘Three-dimensional(3 D)printing,also known as additive manufacturing,has the advantages of low cost,easy structure operation,rapid prototyping,and easy customization.In the past few years,materials with different structures,compositions,and properties have been widely studied as prospects in the field of 3 D printing.This paper reviews the synthesis methods and morphologies of one-,two-and threedimensional micro/nano materials and their composites,as well as their applications in electrochemistry,such as supercapacitors,batteries and electrocatalysis.The latest progress and breakthroughs in the synthesis and application of different structural materials in 3 D-printing materials,as well as the challenges and prospects of electrochemical applications,are discussed.
文摘1 Results On the basis of previous work,the general theory,least square methods and computing programs have been proposed and developed,which can separate the two-fold broadening effect caused by crystallite-micro strain,crystallite-stacking faults,strain-faults and which can also separate the three fold broadening effect caused by crystallite-strain-faults in closed-parked hexagonal (CPH) nano-materials.The method is applied to characterize and investigate the microstructure in β-Ni(OH)2 as negative ma...
基金the financial support from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M710606(Z.C.Y.))the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61825102 and U21A20460(Y.L.))+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of UESTC(No.ZYGX2021YGLH002(Y.L.))the Shenzhen Science and technology planning project(No.JSGG20201102152403008(T.H.))the Project of Innovation and Strong School(No.PT2020C002(X.Z.W.))the Science and Technology Project of Shenzhen City(No.JSGG20210802154213040(X.Z.W.)).
文摘The successful implementation of bioelectronic devices attached to living organism hinges on a number of material and device characteristics,including not only electrical and mechanical performances to gather physiological signals from living organism thus enabling status monitoring,but also permeability or breathability for gas/nutrient exchange between living organisms and surroundings to ensure minimum perturbation of the intrinsic biological function.However,most bioelectronic devices built on planar polymeric substrates,such as polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS),polyurethane(PU),and polyimide(PI),lack efficient gas permeability,which may hinder the emission of volatile compounds from the surface of living organism,affecting the natural metabolism and reducing the comfort of wearing.Thus,achieving permeability or breathability in bioelectronic devices is a significant challenge.Currently,the devices made of gas-permeable materials with porous structures,that combine electronic components with daily garments,such as fibric and textile,offer exciting opportunities for breathable electronics.In this review,several types of gas-permeable materials with their synthesis and processing routes are outlines.Then,two methods for measuring water vapor transmission rate of materials are discussed in depth.Finally,recent progress in the use of gaspermeable materials for the applications of plant-and skin-attached electronics is summarized systematically.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81960404,81960401 and 82060308)Guizhou Province Science and Technology Project(No.[2019]1429)Guizhou Provincial high-level innovative talents of Science and Technology Department(No.GCC[2022]037–1)。
文摘As the main target cells of immune regulation,macrophages play an important role in the bone regeneration process.Macrophages can be polarized into the M1 and M2 types under the stimulation of different factors.They have proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects,respectively,and play key roles in different stages of bone regeneration.The ratio of M1 to M2 macrophages can be regulated by immunomodulatory biomaterials to promote bone repair and regeneration.In this paper,we review the recent literature on the chemical,physical and biological properties of biomaterials and the regulation of macrophage polarization under the influence of other factors.We also cover new methods for preparing immunomodulatory biomaterials for bone regeneration.This paper will provide new design ideas for the development of biomaterials with immunological properties and will support the clinical translation of bone-related medical biomaterials.
