Cytokines including tumor necrosis factor, interleukins, interferons, and chemokines are abundantly produced in various diseases. As pleiotropic factors, cytokines are involved in nearly every aspect of cellular funct...Cytokines including tumor necrosis factor, interleukins, interferons, and chemokines are abundantly produced in various diseases. As pleiotropic factors, cytokines are involved in nearly every aspect of cellular functions such as migration, survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Oligodendrocytes are the myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system and play critical roles in the conduction of action potentials, supply of metabolic components for axons, and other functions. Emerging evidence suggests that both oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells are vulnerable to cytokines released under pathological conditions. This review mainly summarizes the effects of cytokines on oligodendrocyte lineage cells in central nervous system diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the effects of cytokines on oligodendrocyte lineage cells contributes to our understanding of central nervous system diseases and offers insights into treatment strategies.展开更多
The glymphatic system is a relatively recently identified fluid exchange and transpo rt system in the brain.Accumulating evidence indicates thatglymphatic function is impaired not only in central nervous system disord...The glymphatic system is a relatively recently identified fluid exchange and transpo rt system in the brain.Accumulating evidence indicates thatglymphatic function is impaired not only in central nervous system disorders but also in systemic diseases.Systemic diseases can trigger the inflammatory responses in the central nervous system,occasionally leading to sustained inflammation and functional disturbance of the central nervous system.This review summarizes the current knowledge on the association between glymphatic dysfunction and central nervous system inflammation.In addition,we discuss the hypothesis that disease conditions initially associated with peripheral inflammation ove rwhelm the performance of the glymphatic system,thereby triggering central nervous system dysfun ction,chronic neuroinflammation,and neurodegeneration.Future research investigating the role of the glymphatic system in neuroinflammation may offer innovative therapeutic approaches for central nervous system disorders.展开更多
Circular RNAs(circRNAs)are a class of regulatory non-coding RNAs characterized by the presence of covalently closed ends.A growing body of evidence suggests that circRNAs play important roles in physiology and patholo...Circular RNAs(circRNAs)are a class of regulatory non-coding RNAs characterized by the presence of covalently closed ends.A growing body of evidence suggests that circRNAs play important roles in physiology and pathology.In particular,accumulating data on circRNA functions in various central nervous system(CNS)diseases and their correlations indicate that circRNAs are critical contributors to the onset and development of brain disorders.In this review,we focus on the regulatory and functional roles of circRNAs in CNS diseases,highlighting their diagnostic and therapeutic potential,with the aim of providing new insights into CNS diseases.展开更多
Background:With current chemotherapy treatment,>90%of survival has been obtained for Burkitt lymphoma(BL).In this study,the demographic characteristics and treatment outcomes are presented for 78 children in China ...Background:With current chemotherapy treatment,>90%of survival has been obtained for Burkitt lymphoma(BL).In this study,the demographic characteristics and treatment outcomes are presented for 78 children in China with central nervous system-positive(CNS+)BL.Methods:This retrospective study consecutively enrolled 78 CNS+BL patients in Beijing Children’s Hospital(BCH)from 2007 to 2019 who received the BCH B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma regimen(modified by French-American-British mature lymphoma B-cell 96[FAB/LMB96]C1 arm±rituximab).Clinical characteristics,methods of disease detection in the CNS,and outcomes were evaluated.Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess prognostic factors.Results:The median age of 65 boys and 13 girls at the time of diagnosis was 5.7 years(ranging from 1 to 14 years).Patients were followed up for a median time of 34 months(ranging from 1 to 72 months).Bone marrow invasion was found in 38(48.7%)patients.There were 48(61.5%),44(56.4%),and 25(32%)patients with cranial nerve palsy,intracerebral mass(ICM),and parameningeal extension,respectively.Abnormal cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)morphology and CSF immunophenotype appeared in 15(19.2%)and 15(19.2%)patients,respectively.There were 69(88.5%)patients treated with chemotherapy combined with rituximab,and nine patients were treated solely with chemotherapy.Finally,five patients died of treatment-related infection,recurrence occurred for 13,and one developed a second tumor.The 3-year overall survival and event-free survival rates were 78.9%±4.7%and 71.4%±6.0%,respectively.Treatment with chemotherapy only,ICM positivity,and>4 organs involved at diagnosis were independent risk factors.Conclusions:Rituximab combined with a modified LMB96 regimen has greatly increased the efficacy of treatment for Chinese children with CNS+BL,and with the continuous collection of outcome data,treatment-related complications are decreasing.For further verification,a large sample multicentre randomized controlled study should be performed to explore a treatment scheme for Chinese children with even greater efficacy.展开更多
BACKGROUND Neurocutaneous melanosis(NCM)is a rare congenital,nonhereditary neurocutaneous syndrome that mainly occurs in children;adult NCM is very rare.Due to its rarity,the clinical features and treatment strategies...BACKGROUND Neurocutaneous melanosis(NCM)is a rare congenital,nonhereditary neurocutaneous syndrome that mainly occurs in children;adult NCM is very rare.Due to its rarity,the clinical features and treatment strategies for NCM remain unclear.The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical features,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of NCM in adults.Most intracranial meningeal melanomas are solid masses,and cystic-solid malignant melanomas are very rare.Due to the lack of data,the cause of cystic changes and the effect on prognosis are unknown.CASE SUMMARY A 41-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with intermittent headache for 1 mo.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)showed a 4.7 cm×3.6 cm cystic-solid mass in the left temporal lobe with peritumoral edema.The entire mass was removed,and postoperative pathology indicated malignant melanoma.CONCLUSION MRI is the first-choice imaging approach for diagnosing central nervous system diseases in NCM patients,although cerebrospinal fluid may also be used.At present,there is no optimal treatment plan;gross total resection combined with BRAF inhibitors and MEK inhibitors might be the most beneficial treatment.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,No.LQ23C090003 (to CZ)the Major Project on Brain Science and Analog Brain Research of Ministry of Science and Technology of China,No.2022ZD0204701 (to MQ)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32170969 (to MQ)。
文摘Cytokines including tumor necrosis factor, interleukins, interferons, and chemokines are abundantly produced in various diseases. As pleiotropic factors, cytokines are involved in nearly every aspect of cellular functions such as migration, survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Oligodendrocytes are the myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system and play critical roles in the conduction of action potentials, supply of metabolic components for axons, and other functions. Emerging evidence suggests that both oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells are vulnerable to cytokines released under pathological conditions. This review mainly summarizes the effects of cytokines on oligodendrocyte lineage cells in central nervous system diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the effects of cytokines on oligodendrocyte lineage cells contributes to our understanding of central nervous system diseases and offers insights into treatment strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82071249 and 81771207 (both to CH)。
文摘The glymphatic system is a relatively recently identified fluid exchange and transpo rt system in the brain.Accumulating evidence indicates thatglymphatic function is impaired not only in central nervous system disorders but also in systemic diseases.Systemic diseases can trigger the inflammatory responses in the central nervous system,occasionally leading to sustained inflammation and functional disturbance of the central nervous system.This review summarizes the current knowledge on the association between glymphatic dysfunction and central nervous system inflammation.In addition,we discuss the hypothesis that disease conditions initially associated with peripheral inflammation ove rwhelm the performance of the glymphatic system,thereby triggering central nervous system dysfun ction,chronic neuroinflammation,and neurodegeneration.Future research investigating the role of the glymphatic system in neuroinflammation may offer innovative therapeutic approaches for central nervous system disorders.
基金supported by grants from the Science and Technology Innovation 2030-Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2021ZD0202904 and No.2021ZD0202900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82230115 and No.82273914)+1 种基金the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.82025033)the Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine(No.JSKLCCM-2022-02-008).
文摘Circular RNAs(circRNAs)are a class of regulatory non-coding RNAs characterized by the presence of covalently closed ends.A growing body of evidence suggests that circRNAs play important roles in physiology and pathology.In particular,accumulating data on circRNA functions in various central nervous system(CNS)diseases and their correlations indicate that circRNAs are critical contributors to the onset and development of brain disorders.In this review,we focus on the regulatory and functional roles of circRNAs in CNS diseases,highlighting their diagnostic and therapeutic potential,with the aim of providing new insights into CNS diseases.
基金by a grant from the special fund of the pediatric medical coordinated development center of the Beijing Children’s Hospital(No.XTZD20180204).
文摘Background:With current chemotherapy treatment,>90%of survival has been obtained for Burkitt lymphoma(BL).In this study,the demographic characteristics and treatment outcomes are presented for 78 children in China with central nervous system-positive(CNS+)BL.Methods:This retrospective study consecutively enrolled 78 CNS+BL patients in Beijing Children’s Hospital(BCH)from 2007 to 2019 who received the BCH B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma regimen(modified by French-American-British mature lymphoma B-cell 96[FAB/LMB96]C1 arm±rituximab).Clinical characteristics,methods of disease detection in the CNS,and outcomes were evaluated.Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess prognostic factors.Results:The median age of 65 boys and 13 girls at the time of diagnosis was 5.7 years(ranging from 1 to 14 years).Patients were followed up for a median time of 34 months(ranging from 1 to 72 months).Bone marrow invasion was found in 38(48.7%)patients.There were 48(61.5%),44(56.4%),and 25(32%)patients with cranial nerve palsy,intracerebral mass(ICM),and parameningeal extension,respectively.Abnormal cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)morphology and CSF immunophenotype appeared in 15(19.2%)and 15(19.2%)patients,respectively.There were 69(88.5%)patients treated with chemotherapy combined with rituximab,and nine patients were treated solely with chemotherapy.Finally,five patients died of treatment-related infection,recurrence occurred for 13,and one developed a second tumor.The 3-year overall survival and event-free survival rates were 78.9%±4.7%and 71.4%±6.0%,respectively.Treatment with chemotherapy only,ICM positivity,and>4 organs involved at diagnosis were independent risk factors.Conclusions:Rituximab combined with a modified LMB96 regimen has greatly increased the efficacy of treatment for Chinese children with CNS+BL,and with the continuous collection of outcome data,treatment-related complications are decreasing.For further verification,a large sample multicentre randomized controlled study should be performed to explore a treatment scheme for Chinese children with even greater efficacy.
文摘BACKGROUND Neurocutaneous melanosis(NCM)is a rare congenital,nonhereditary neurocutaneous syndrome that mainly occurs in children;adult NCM is very rare.Due to its rarity,the clinical features and treatment strategies for NCM remain unclear.The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical features,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of NCM in adults.Most intracranial meningeal melanomas are solid masses,and cystic-solid malignant melanomas are very rare.Due to the lack of data,the cause of cystic changes and the effect on prognosis are unknown.CASE SUMMARY A 41-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with intermittent headache for 1 mo.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)showed a 4.7 cm×3.6 cm cystic-solid mass in the left temporal lobe with peritumoral edema.The entire mass was removed,and postoperative pathology indicated malignant melanoma.CONCLUSION MRI is the first-choice imaging approach for diagnosing central nervous system diseases in NCM patients,although cerebrospinal fluid may also be used.At present,there is no optimal treatment plan;gross total resection combined with BRAF inhibitors and MEK inhibitors might be the most beneficial treatment.
