BACKGROUND： Neural regeneration following nerve injury is an emerging field that attracts ex- tending interests all over the world. OBJECTIVE： To use bibliometric indexes to track studies focusing on neural regenera...BACKGROUND： Neural regeneration following nerve injury is an emerging field that attracts ex- tending interests all over the world. OBJECTIVE： To use bibliometric indexes to track studies focusing on neural regeneration, and to investigate the relationships among geographic origin, countries and institutes, keywords in the published articles, and especially focus on the region distribution, institution distribution, as well as collaborations in Chinese papers indexed in the Web of Science. METHODS： A list of neural regeneration studies was generated by searching the database of the Web of Science-Expanded using the term ＂Neural Regenera＊＂. Inclusive criteria： （1） articles in the field of neural regeneration; （2） fundamental research on animals, clinical trials and case reports; （3） article types： article, review, proceedings paper, note, letter, editorial material, discussion, book chapter; （4） year of publication： 2003-2012; and （5） citation database： Science Citation Index-Expanded. Exclusive criteria： （1） articles requiring manual searching or with access only by telephone; （2） unpublished articles; and （3） corrections. RESULTS： A total of 4 893 papers were retrieved from the Web of Science published between 2003 and 2012. The papers covered 65 countries or regions, of which the United States ranked first with 1 691 papers. The most relevant papers were in the neurosciences and cell biology, and the key- word ＂stem cell＂ was the most frequent. In recent years, China showed a great increase in the number of papers. Over the entire 10 years, there were 922 Chinese papers, with Jilin University ranking first with 58 articles. Chinese papers were published in connection with many countries, in- cluding the United States, Japan, and the United Kingdom. Among the connections, the papers published by the Chinese and the American are 107, with the highest rate. With regard to funding, 689 articles were funded from various projects, occupying 74.72% of the total amount. In these projects, National Foundation and Science and Technology programs were the majority. CONCLUSION： Our bibliometric analysis provides a historical perspective on the progress of neural regeneration research. At present, the number of articles addressing neural regeneration is increasing rapidly; however, through analysis of citations it is clear that there is a long way to go to improve the academic quality.展开更多
Objective: We conducted a prospective trial of oscillating mechanical stimulation (OS) of the craniocervical region as treatment for drug-refractory chronic migraine (CM). Methods: Ten patients (8 women, 2 men;mean ag...Objective: We conducted a prospective trial of oscillating mechanical stimulation (OS) of the craniocervical region as treatment for drug-refractory chronic migraine (CM). Methods: Ten patients (8 women, 2 men;mean age 47.0 ±15.1 years) were enrolled. The treatment was administered over an 8-week period to 13, 4, and 9 sites on the face and head, neck, and upper back, respectively, at 5- to 15-pound intensity. The primary outcome measure was the number of days patients suffered a migraine (hereafter “number of migraine days”), and the secondary outcome measures were the six-item Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores for migraine pain intensity and the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale scores. Results: Nine patients completed treatment. The number of migraine days remained unchanged, from a mean 21.7 ±11.6 days/month before treatment to 19.3 ±7.3 days/month upon completion of treatment. However, the HIT-6 scores improved from 67.0 ±8.2 to 61.4 ±7.1 (p = 0.007) after 3 weeks, 61.1 ±11.5 (p = 0.01) after 6 weeks, and 59.9 ±11.6 (p = 0.035) upon completion of treatment. Similarly, the VAS scores improved significantly from 7.3 ±1.7 to 5.7 ±3.1 (p = 0.018) at 6 weeks and 4.8 ±2.8 (p = 0.011) upon completion of treatment. The GAD-7, PHQ-9, and allodynia scale scores remained unchanged. Conclusion: Our data suggest that OS is well tolerated and may become a feasible form of treatment for drug-resistant CM.展开更多
Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder,yet its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood.Accu-mulated studies have indicated that epilepsy is characterized by abnormal neural circuits.Understanding t...Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder,yet its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood.Accu-mulated studies have indicated that epilepsy is characterized by abnormal neural circuits.Understanding the circuit mechanisms is crucial for comprehending the pathogenesis of epilepsy.With advances in tracing and modulating tools for neural circuits,some epileptic circuits have been uncovered.This comprehensive review focuses on the cir-cuit mechanisms underlying epilepsy in various neuronal subtypes,elucidating their distinct roles.Epileptic seizures are primarily characterized by the hyperactivity of glutamatergic neurons and inhibition of GABAergic neurons.How-ever,specific activated GABAergic neurons and suppressed glutamatergic neurons exacerbate epilepsy through pref-erentially regulating the activity of GABAergic neurons within epileptic circuits.Distinct subtypes of GABAergic neurons contribute differently to epileptic activities,potentially due to their diverse connection patterns.Moreover,identical GABAergic neurons may assume distinct roles in different stages of epilepsy.Both GABAergic neurons and glutamatergic neurons with long-range projecting fibers innervate multiple nuclei;nevertheless,not all of these circuits contribute to epileptic activities.Epileptic circuits originating from the same nuclei may display diverse con-tributions to epileptic activities,and certain glutamatergic circuits from the same nuclei may even exert opposing effects on epilepsy.Neuromodulatory neurons,including cholinergic,serotonergic,dopaminergic,and noradrenergic neurons,are also implicated in epilepsy,although the underlying circuit mechanisms remain poorly understood.These studies suggest that epileptic nuclei establish intricate connections through cell-type-specific circuits and play pivotal roles in epilepsy.However,there are still limitations in knowledge and methods,and further understanding of epileptic circuits is crucial,particularly in the context of refractory epilepsy.展开更多
The ability to maintain metabolic homeostasis is a key capability critical for the survival and well-being of animals living in constantly changing environments.Metabolic homeostasis depends on neuromodulators,such as...The ability to maintain metabolic homeostasis is a key capability critical for the survival and well-being of animals living in constantly changing environments.Metabolic homeostasis depends on neuromodulators,such as biogenic amines,neuropeptides,and hormones,to signal changes in animals’ internal metabolic status and to orchestrate their behaviors accordingly.An important example is the regulation of feeding behavior by conserved molecular and cellular mechanisms across the animal kingdom.Its relatively simple brain coupled with well-characterized genetics and behavioral paradigms makes the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster an excellent model for investigating the neuromodulatory regulation of feeding behavior.In this review we discuss the neuromodulators and neural circuits that integrate the internal physiological status with external sensory cues and modulate feeding behavior in adult fruit flies.Studies show that various specific aspects of feeding behavior are subjected to unique neuromodulatory regulation,which permits fruit flies to maintain metabolic homeostasis effectively.展开更多
基金supported by the State Science and Technology Support Program of China,No.2011BAH30B01
文摘BACKGROUND： Neural regeneration following nerve injury is an emerging field that attracts ex- tending interests all over the world. OBJECTIVE： To use bibliometric indexes to track studies focusing on neural regeneration, and to investigate the relationships among geographic origin, countries and institutes, keywords in the published articles, and especially focus on the region distribution, institution distribution, as well as collaborations in Chinese papers indexed in the Web of Science. METHODS： A list of neural regeneration studies was generated by searching the database of the Web of Science-Expanded using the term ＂Neural Regenera＊＂. Inclusive criteria： （1） articles in the field of neural regeneration; （2） fundamental research on animals, clinical trials and case reports; （3） article types： article, review, proceedings paper, note, letter, editorial material, discussion, book chapter; （4） year of publication： 2003-2012; and （5） citation database： Science Citation Index-Expanded. Exclusive criteria： （1） articles requiring manual searching or with access only by telephone; （2） unpublished articles; and （3） corrections. RESULTS： A total of 4 893 papers were retrieved from the Web of Science published between 2003 and 2012. The papers covered 65 countries or regions, of which the United States ranked first with 1 691 papers. The most relevant papers were in the neurosciences and cell biology, and the key- word ＂stem cell＂ was the most frequent. In recent years, China showed a great increase in the number of papers. Over the entire 10 years, there were 922 Chinese papers, with Jilin University ranking first with 58 articles. Chinese papers were published in connection with many countries, in- cluding the United States, Japan, and the United Kingdom. Among the connections, the papers published by the Chinese and the American are 107, with the highest rate. With regard to funding, 689 articles were funded from various projects, occupying 74.72% of the total amount. In these projects, National Foundation and Science and Technology programs were the majority. CONCLUSION： Our bibliometric analysis provides a historical perspective on the progress of neural regeneration research. At present, the number of articles addressing neural regeneration is increasing rapidly; however, through analysis of citations it is clear that there is a long way to go to improve the academic quality.
文摘Objective: We conducted a prospective trial of oscillating mechanical stimulation (OS) of the craniocervical region as treatment for drug-refractory chronic migraine (CM). Methods: Ten patients (8 women, 2 men;mean age 47.0 ±15.1 years) were enrolled. The treatment was administered over an 8-week period to 13, 4, and 9 sites on the face and head, neck, and upper back, respectively, at 5- to 15-pound intensity. The primary outcome measure was the number of days patients suffered a migraine (hereafter “number of migraine days”), and the secondary outcome measures were the six-item Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores for migraine pain intensity and the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale scores. Results: Nine patients completed treatment. The number of migraine days remained unchanged, from a mean 21.7 ±11.6 days/month before treatment to 19.3 ±7.3 days/month upon completion of treatment. However, the HIT-6 scores improved from 67.0 ±8.2 to 61.4 ±7.1 (p = 0.007) after 3 weeks, 61.1 ±11.5 (p = 0.01) after 6 weeks, and 59.9 ±11.6 (p = 0.035) upon completion of treatment. Similarly, the VAS scores improved significantly from 7.3 ±1.7 to 5.7 ±3.1 (p = 0.018) at 6 weeks and 4.8 ±2.8 (p = 0.011) upon completion of treatment. The GAD-7, PHQ-9, and allodynia scale scores remained unchanged. Conclusion: Our data suggest that OS is well tolerated and may become a feasible form of treatment for drug-resistant CM.
基金supported by the NSFC project(No.81971220,82301647)the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(No.2022NSFSC0724).
文摘Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder,yet its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood.Accu-mulated studies have indicated that epilepsy is characterized by abnormal neural circuits.Understanding the circuit mechanisms is crucial for comprehending the pathogenesis of epilepsy.With advances in tracing and modulating tools for neural circuits,some epileptic circuits have been uncovered.This comprehensive review focuses on the cir-cuit mechanisms underlying epilepsy in various neuronal subtypes,elucidating their distinct roles.Epileptic seizures are primarily characterized by the hyperactivity of glutamatergic neurons and inhibition of GABAergic neurons.How-ever,specific activated GABAergic neurons and suppressed glutamatergic neurons exacerbate epilepsy through pref-erentially regulating the activity of GABAergic neurons within epileptic circuits.Distinct subtypes of GABAergic neurons contribute differently to epileptic activities,potentially due to their diverse connection patterns.Moreover,identical GABAergic neurons may assume distinct roles in different stages of epilepsy.Both GABAergic neurons and glutamatergic neurons with long-range projecting fibers innervate multiple nuclei;nevertheless,not all of these circuits contribute to epileptic activities.Epileptic circuits originating from the same nuclei may display diverse con-tributions to epileptic activities,and certain glutamatergic circuits from the same nuclei may even exert opposing effects on epilepsy.Neuromodulatory neurons,including cholinergic,serotonergic,dopaminergic,and noradrenergic neurons,are also implicated in epilepsy,although the underlying circuit mechanisms remain poorly understood.These studies suggest that epileptic nuclei establish intricate connections through cell-type-specific circuits and play pivotal roles in epilepsy.However,there are still limitations in knowledge and methods,and further understanding of epileptic circuits is crucial,particularly in the context of refractory epilepsy.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31522026)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Zhejiang Provincial Universities(No.2019XZZX003-12),China
文摘The ability to maintain metabolic homeostasis is a key capability critical for the survival and well-being of animals living in constantly changing environments.Metabolic homeostasis depends on neuromodulators,such as biogenic amines,neuropeptides,and hormones,to signal changes in animals’ internal metabolic status and to orchestrate their behaviors accordingly.An important example is the regulation of feeding behavior by conserved molecular and cellular mechanisms across the animal kingdom.Its relatively simple brain coupled with well-characterized genetics and behavioral paradigms makes the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster an excellent model for investigating the neuromodulatory regulation of feeding behavior.In this review we discuss the neuromodulators and neural circuits that integrate the internal physiological status with external sensory cues and modulate feeding behavior in adult fruit flies.Studies show that various specific aspects of feeding behavior are subjected to unique neuromodulatory regulation,which permits fruit flies to maintain metabolic homeostasis effectively.
