An integrative study based on morphological data and mitochondrial molecular data of all known Nanorana(sensu stricto)species have revealed a new species from the Hengduan Mountains,N.huangi sp.nov.The new species can...An integrative study based on morphological data and mitochondrial molecular data of all known Nanorana(sensu stricto)species have revealed a new species from the Hengduan Mountains,N.huangi sp.nov.The new species can be distinguished from its congers by its:(1)medium body size,SVL 31.3–40.6 mm in adult males(n=12),39.2–48.1 mm in adult females(n=8);(2)absence of subarticular tubercles on fingers,with supernumerary tubercles below the base of the fingers small but distinct;(3)presence of dark dorsal patches without pale margins,generally creamy yellow ventral body basically,bright yellow ventral limbs;(4)small but prominent tympanum;(5)tibio-tarsal joint that reaches to the tympanum or the shoulder when hindlimbs adpressed forward towards body;(6)head length more than 30%of SVL.In addition,the new species can be separated from all other congeners by uncorrected genetic distances:ranging from 2.8%–7.5%of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA,1.1%–2.1%of the 16S rRNA,and 7.5%–11.5%of the COI.展开更多
This paper describes a new species of the snout moth Berastagia tainanica sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) from Taiwan. From 2009 to 2016, a biology study was conducted on population dynamics and embryonic developmen...This paper describes a new species of the snout moth Berastagia tainanica sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) from Taiwan. From 2009 to 2016, a biology study was conducted on population dynamics and embryonic development. Spring season is the peak of the eclosion of overwintering larvae or pupae. The average longevity of adult was 14.8 ± 6.2 days (N = 174), the average number of eggs laid was 259 ± 3 eggs/moth (N = 2), the hatching rate of eggs was 95.4% (N = 262), and the average hatching time of eggs was 99.6 ± 18.6 hours (N = 68). The average body length of males was 5.64 mm ± 0.91 mm (N = 30), and the average body length of females was 6.28 mm ± 0.84 mm (N = 30). This finding indicates that female snout moths are larger than males (Global R = 0.058, P = 0.012). The snout moth eclosion rate was 16.9 moths/100 pods in the first year (2010/2011, N = 2,224 pods) and 10.9 moths/100 pods in the second year (2014/2015, N = 6,382 pods). The pod borer rate was 31.8% (N = 707) and the seed borer rate was 41.2% (N = 3,628) in the first year, whereas the pod borer rate was 76.2% (N = 6,382) in the second year.展开更多
A new species of the genus Amolops Cope, 1865 is described from Xinduqiao, Kangding, Sichuan. It was previously identified as Amolops kangtingensis, which is synonymized to Amolops mantzorum in this study. The new spe...A new species of the genus Amolops Cope, 1865 is described from Xinduqiao, Kangding, Sichuan. It was previously identified as Amolops kangtingensis, which is synonymized to Amolops mantzorum in this study. The new species, Amolops xinduqiao sp. nov., is distinguished from all other congeners by the following combination of characters:(1) medium body size, adult males SVL 41.2–47.5 mm(n=15, average 43.9 mm), adult females SVL 48.5–56.6 mm(n=15, average 52.5 mm);(2) head length equal to width or slightly wider than long;(3) tympanum small, but distinct;(4) vomerine teeth in two tiny rows, separated by a space about one vomerine teeth row;(5) bony projections on lower jaw absent;(6) dorsolateral folds usually absent;(7) tarsal folds or glands on tarsus absent;(8) circummarginal groove on disc of finger I absent;(9) tibiotarsal articulation reaching nostril or beyond;(10) webs of toe IV reaching to distal articulation, other toes fully webbed to disc; and(11) vocal sac absent in males.展开更多
A new species of the genus Tylototriton is described in this article based on morphological and genetic evidence. The new species is identified belonging to the T. asperrimus group and is similar to T. wenxianensis. T...A new species of the genus Tylototriton is described in this article based on morphological and genetic evidence. The new species is identified belonging to the T. asperrimus group and is similar to T. wenxianensis. The diagnostic characters of the new species are as follows: dorsal ridge broad and thick,its width approximately equal to eye diameter(P < 0.001); tail height greater than width at base of tail(P < 0.001); no villous genital papilla found inside the male anal fissure; nodule-like warts,along lateral margin of the trunk,bulge and forming tubercles,and thin and transverse striae present between the tubercles.展开更多
Five new species(Gastrochilus yei,Gastrochilus minimus,Luisia simaoensis,Taeniophyllum xizangense,Tuberolabium subulatum)and two newly recorded species(Cleisostoma tricornutum,Luisia inconspicua)of Vandeae(Orchidaceae...Five new species(Gastrochilus yei,Gastrochilus minimus,Luisia simaoensis,Taeniophyllum xizangense,Tuberolabium subulatum)and two newly recorded species(Cleisostoma tricornutum,Luisia inconspicua)of Vandeae(Orchidaceae)from China are described and illustrated.Gastrochilus yei is similar to G.affinis and G.nepalensis,but differs from them by having an epichile not lobed,the apex of the hypochile not bilobed,and a tine on the apex of the leaf.Gastrochilus minimus is similar to G.acinacifolius,but can be distinguished from the latter by having a flabellate epichile that is densely hirsute on the adaxial surface and an inconspicuous central cushion;in addition,the hypochile of G.minimus has a keel that extends to the apex of the epichile.Taeniophyllum xizangense is similar to T.stella and T.radiatum,but it is distinguished from them by having much bigger flowers,inflorescences densely covered with short-bristly hairs,papillae on the external surface of sepals,and bigger triangular-ovate viscidium.Luisia simaoensis is similar to L magniflora and L ramosii,but can be easily distinguished from them by having lateral sepals longer than dorsal sepals and petals,lip with irregular and waved margins,and lip with bilobed apex.Luisia inconspicua is moved from Gastrochilus to Luisia based on phylogenetic analyses of plastid matK sequence data.Tuberolabium subulatum is similar to T.camosum,but it can be easily distinguished from the latter by having an inflorescence much shorter than the leaves,yellow sepals and petals,and many small papillae outside the lip lobes.展开更多
Trachypithecus,which currently contains 20 species divided into four groups,is the most speciose and geographically dispersed genus among Asian colobines.Despite several morphological and molecular studies,however,its...Trachypithecus,which currently contains 20 species divided into four groups,is the most speciose and geographically dispersed genus among Asian colobines.Despite several morphological and molecular studies,however,its evolutionary history and phylogeography remain poorly understood.Phayre’s langur(Trachypithecus phayrei) is one of the most widespread members of the genus,but details on its actual distribution and intraspecific taxonomy are limited and controversial.Thus,to elucidate the evolutionary history of Trachypithecus and to clarify the intraspecific taxonomy and distribution of T.phayrei,we sequenced 41 mitochondrial genomes from georeferenced fecal samples and museum specimens,including two holotypes.Phylogenetic analyses revealed a robustly supported phylogeny of Trachypithecus,suggesting that the T.pileatus group branched first,followed by the T.francoisi group,and the T.cristatus and T.obscurus groups most recently.The four species groups diverged from each other 4.5-3.1 million years ago(Ma),while speciation events within these groups occurred much more recently(1.6-0.3 Ma).Within T.phayrei,we found three clades that diverged 1.0-0.9 Ma,indicating the existence of three rather than two taxa.Following the phylogenetic species concept and based on genetic,morphological,and ecological differences,we elevate the T.phayrei subspecies to species level,describe a new species from central Myanmar,and refine the distribution of the three taxa.Overall,our study highlights the importance of museum specimens and provides new insights not only into the evolutionary history of T.phayrei but the entire Trachypithecus genus as well.展开更多
A new species,Neottia wuyishanensis(Neottieae,Orchidaceae),is described and illustrated from Wuyishan,Fujian,eastern China,based on morphological characters and molecular data.Molecular phylogenetics indicate that N.w...A new species,Neottia wuyishanensis(Neottieae,Orchidaceae),is described and illustrated from Wuyishan,Fujian,eastern China,based on morphological characters and molecular data.Molecular phylogenetics indicate that N.wuyishanensis is nested within the clade formed by Neottia fugongensis and Neottia nujiangensis.Morphologically,N.wuyishanensis is similar to N.fugongensis and N.pseudonipponica,but differs from them by having indistinct auricles at the base,and in the shape and size of lobelets.展开更多
Zokors in the genus Eospalax,which are endemic to northern and western China,are subterranean rodents that inhabit various niches,including grasslands,high-altitude meadows,forests,and farmlands.Six species in Eospala...Zokors in the genus Eospalax,which are endemic to northern and western China,are subterranean rodents that inhabit various niches,including grasslands,high-altitude meadows,forests,and farmlands.Six species in Eospalax were described a century ago but their taxonomy and phylogeny remain controversial.In this study,we performed high-depth whole-genome sequencing of 47 zokor samples,comprising all six previously described species.Genomic analyses revealed a reliable and robust phylogeny of Eospalax and supported the validity of the six named species.According to the inferred phylogenetic relationships,Eospalax first divergent into two clades in the early Pliocene(ca.4.68 million years ago(Ma)),one inhabiting the highaltitude Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau(QTP)and adjacent regions,and the another inhabiting the lowaltitude Loess Plateau and Qinling-Daba Mountains.The most recent divergences occurred between E.baileyi and E.smithii and between E.rufescens and E.rothschildi in the late Pliocene(ca.2.09 and 2.19 Ma,respectively).We also collected specimens of zokors in the southern Hengduan Mountains(Muli County,Sichuan Province),far from the known distributions of all other zokors.Morphological and molecular analyses strongly suggested that the specimens represent a new species,formally described here as Eospalax muliensis sp.nov.The new species belongs to the high-altitude clade and diverged from closely related species(ca.4.22 Ma)shortly after the first divergence in Eospalax.Interestingly,Eospalax muliensis sp.nov.possesses more supposedly plesiomorphic characters,suggesting a possible origin of the genus in the Hengduan Mountains.展开更多
Three deep-sea black corals belonging to the family Schizopathidae,are reported from two seamounts on the Caroline Ridge in the tropical Western Pacific:Umbellapathes parva sp.nov.with depth of 1488-1766 m,Telopathes ...Three deep-sea black corals belonging to the family Schizopathidae,are reported from two seamounts on the Caroline Ridge in the tropical Western Pacific:Umbellapathes parva sp.nov.with depth of 1488-1766 m,Telopathes cf.magna MacIsaac&Best,2013 with depth of 937-1016 m,and Stauropathes cf.punctata(Roule,1905)with depth of 942-1353 m.The latter two species are the first records in the Western Pacific Ocean.U.parva sp.nov.is characterized by monopodial corallum,relatively long unpinnulated stalk with complex pinnulated branche s developing from the lowermost primary pinnules and small spine s.It differs from two known congeners by much smaller spine s and the present of secondary pinnules.T.cf.magna MacIsaac&Best,2013 has sparsely branched corallum,relatively long and simple pinnules arranged in subopposite or alternate pairs.S.cf.punctata(Roule,1905)is characterized by the corallum with almost planar pinnulated branches,and pinnules arranged in subopposite pairs.Our results indicate that the corallum size and shape are variable in conspecific specimens particularly those at different growth stages.By contrast,the size of the polypar spines as well as the abpolypar spines have little variation and can be served as a main differing feature for schizopathid species.The phylogenetic analyses using nuclear internal transcribed spacer region(spanning partial 18 S rDNA,ITS 1,5.8 S,ITS2,and partial 28 S rDNA)and two mitochondrial fragments cox3-IGR-coxl(COI)and trnW-IGR-nad2(NAD2)showed Telopathes,Stau ropathes,and Bathypathes had close relationships,and Umbellapathes formed a sister clade with Alternatipathes.展开更多
Two new species of Yushania(Poaceae,Bambusoideae,Arundinarieae)are described and illustrated from Hunan,China.Yushania longshanensis D.Z.Li&X.Y.Ye is distinguished from related species(Y.confusa,Y.angustifolia and...Two new species of Yushania(Poaceae,Bambusoideae,Arundinarieae)are described and illustrated from Hunan,China.Yushania longshanensis D.Z.Li&X.Y.Ye is distinguished from related species(Y.confusa,Y.angustifolia and Y.pachyclada)by having a thinner culm(0.2e0.3 cm in diameter),glabrous sheath scar,no oral setae,a large glabrous leaf blade(10e200.9e1.3 cm)and 3e4 pairs of secondary veins.Yushania stoloniforma D.Z.Li&X.Y.Ye has a distinctive scrambling habit,which differs from its putative close allies.Both of these two new species have a solitary branch at the basal nodes and can be assigned to Yushania sect.Yushania based on morphological features.Additionally,we treated Yushania gigantea T.P.Yi&L.Yang as a new synonym of Y.elevata T.P.Yi and renamed Y.microphylla T.P.Yi&L.Yang as Y.weiningensis D.Z.Li&X.Y.Ye.展开更多
The genus Munidopsis has high biodiversity in seamount habitats.In this study,two new Munidopsis species,Munidopsis ahyongi sp.nov.and Munidopsis carolinensis sp.nov.from the Caroline Ridge in the tropical western Pac...The genus Munidopsis has high biodiversity in seamount habitats.In this study,two new Munidopsis species,Munidopsis ahyongi sp.nov.and Munidopsis carolinensis sp.nov.from the Caroline Ridge in the tropical western Pacific Ocean were described.M.ahyongi sp.nov.is very similar to a group of species in the M.serricornis complex,but can be readily distinguished from the related species in having the oblique posterior orbital margins,2 spines on the lateral carapace margin,and a relatively longer rostral median spine.M.carolinensis sp.nov.is different from two related species primarily in having oblique frontal margins,blunt outer orbital angles,straight lateral margins of the rostrum,scale-like rugae on sternites 5-7,and less spinose pereopod 1(chelipeds,P1)merus and carpus.Aside from the morphological comparisons,DNA barcode analysis and phylogenetic analysis based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene(COI)were employed for the identification of these new species.展开更多
Rhododendron kuomeianum Y.H.Chang,J.Nielsen&Y.P.Ma,a new species of Rhododendron(Ericaceae)within subsect.Maddenia in sect.Rhododendron from Yiliang County,NE Yunnan,China,is described and illustrated.The new spec...Rhododendron kuomeianum Y.H.Chang,J.Nielsen&Y.P.Ma,a new species of Rhododendron(Ericaceae)within subsect.Maddenia in sect.Rhododendron from Yiliang County,NE Yunnan,China,is described and illustrated.The new species is similar to R.valentinianum,but it can be easily distinguished by its sparse scales on the abaxial surface of the leaf blade,fewer flowers per inflorescence and white corolla with pale red margins.There are also differences in the widths of calyx lobes,leaf blade shape and indumentum characteristics of the petiole between the new species and Rhododendron linearilobum.We confirmed that R.kuomeianum is a new species closely related to R.valentinianum and R.changii with phylogenomic studies of 10 species within this subsection based on restriction site-associated DNA sequencing(RADseq)data.These phylogenomic analyses also clarified additional taxonomic problems in this subsection previously raised by morphological analysis.Our findings make a strong case for using next-generation sequencing to explore phylogenetic relationships and identify new species,especially in plants groups with complicated taxonomic problems.展开更多
A new Dicroglossid species is described from Mawphlang,Meghalaya,northeastern India. The new species differs from all the congeners occurring in this region in body size and call characteristics. It is larger than Fej...A new Dicroglossid species is described from Mawphlang,Meghalaya,northeastern India. The new species differs from all the congeners occurring in this region in body size and call characteristics. It is larger than Fejervarya syhadrensis and F. nepalensis,but smaller than F. teraiensis. It overlaps F. pierrei in snout-vent length,but clearly differs from it in advertisement call,with much shorter note duration,much longer inter note interval,and much lower dominant frequency. Paucity of genetic information and underestimation of species diversity in this region are discussed.展开更多
The newt genus Tylototriton sensu lato is widely distributed in Eastern,Southeastern and Southern Asia.Previous studies indicated that there still has been several cryptic species in the group.Here,we describe a new s...The newt genus Tylototriton sensu lato is widely distributed in Eastern,Southeastern and Southern Asia.Previous studies indicated that there still has been several cryptic species in the group.Here,we describe a new species of the genus from Guizhou Province,China.Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial DNA supported that the new species was resolved as an independent clade nested into the Tylototriton sensu lato clade.On morphology,the new species could be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters:large body size(SVL 76.8-85.2 mm in male and 76.3-87.4 mm in female);head longer than wide;snout truncate in dorsal view;tail length longer than the snout-vent length in males;the distal digit ends,ventral digits,peripheral area of cloaca and the tail s lower margin are orange;relative length of toesⅢ> Ⅳ> Ⅱ> Ⅰ> Ⅴ;the distal tips of the limbs greatly overlapping when the fore and hind limbs are pressed along the trunk;fingertips reach the level beyond the snout when the forelimbs are stretched forward.展开更多
Herein we describe a new species,Leptobrachella yunyangensis sp.nov.,from Yunyang County,Chongqing City,China,based on a combination of molecular and morphological data.Phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial...Herein we describe a new species,Leptobrachella yunyangensis sp.nov.,from Yunyang County,Chongqing City,China,based on a combination of molecular and morphological data.Phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene and six nuclear genes indicated that this new species represented an independent evolutionary lineage.The uncorrected genetic distance between the new species and its closest congener species,L.oshanensis,was 5.4 % for 16 S rRNA.The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters:(1) moderate body size(SVL28.3-30.6 mm in males);(2) rough dorsal skin,with sparse large granules and tubercles and short longitudinal ridges on the shoulder;(3) distinctly discernible tympanum with a diameter smaller than that of the eye(TMP/EYE ratio:0.51) and a distinct black supra tympanic line present;(4)an internasal distance almost equal to interorbital distance(IND/IOD ratio:1.05);(5) flanks with several dark spots arranged longitudinally in two rows;(6) distinctly visible supra-axilla ry,femoral,pectoral,a nd ventrola teral glands;(7) bicolored iris,with the upper 1/3 of the iris being copper orange and the lower 2/3 a light silvery grey;(8) relative finger lengths of Ⅰ <Ⅱ=Ⅳ <Ⅲ and relative toe lengths of Ⅰ <Ⅱ <Ⅴ <Ⅲ <Ⅳ;(9) absence of webbing and lateral fringes on fingers,and toes with rudimentary webbing and narrow lateral fringes;(10) heels overlapping when the thighs are positioned at right angles to the body;(11) tibiotarsal articulation reaching to the anterior corner of the eye when the leg is stretched forward;(12) ventral surfaces of the throat,chest,and belly greyish white with purple-brown speckling;(13) lacking distinct blackish dorsolateral markings;and(14) transverse dark brown bars on the surfaces of limbs and digits.展开更多
Previous phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data reveal a likely new species of Elaphe Fitzinger from China,which forms the sister group of all extant Elaphe. One of the three original specimens is crushed and the ...Previous phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data reveal a likely new species of Elaphe Fitzinger from China,which forms the sister group of all extant Elaphe. One of the three original specimens is crushed and the other two are neonates,which precludes a morphological analysis. Three adult snakes(2 females,1 male) collected from Jiangzha Hot Spring in Zoige County,Sichuan,China on 26 July 2010 now facilitate the species' description. Mitochondrial DNA nucleotide sequences of cytochrome b(cyt b),NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4(ND4),12S ribosomal RNA(12S rRNA),and cytochrome oxidase subunit 1(CO1) from the adults are identical to sequences from the crashed specimen. Interspecific uncorrected p-distances of partial CO1 gene of 26 sequences from all 11 species of Elaphe,including this new species,are large(8.5–15.2%). This new species is morphologically distinguished from all other species of Elaphe by several characters: "M"-shaped marking on the supraoculars and adjacent frontal; four parallel series of red-brown spots on the dorsum extending from the neck to the vent; four longitudinal stripes associated with the spots; each spot is usually composed of a whole(or incomplete) red-brown scale with puce borders; spots of each stripe are similar in shape,they occur at relatively regular intervals of one or two scales,and they are slightly red-brown in color; and it has three preoculars,whereas all other species have one or two. Now Elaphe contains 11 species and this discovery highlights the need for continued exploration of temperate regions.展开更多
A new species of Macandrewia Gray from a seamount near Yap Trench in the Western Pacific Ocean was described.Macandrewia yapensis sp.nov.is distinct from its congeners by possessing a foliate shape with contorted lame...A new species of Macandrewia Gray from a seamount near Yap Trench in the Western Pacific Ocean was described.Macandrewia yapensis sp.nov.is distinct from its congeners by possessing a foliate shape with contorted lamellae,tuberculiform terminations of desmas,and unique size of spicules.This is the third species of Macandrewia described from the Pacific Ocean.In addition a partial sequence of COI gene was obtained from the new specimen and then it submitted to GenBank.Phylogenetic tree constructed with the partial COI sequences appears to exhibit a more congruent relationship with morphological data of macandrewiid species compared to 28 S gene tree.展开更多
[Objectives] This study aimed to study the morphological characteristics and molecular phylogeny of a new strain collected from rotten wood of sea buckthorn in Yanbei area of Shanxi Province. [Methods]The specimens we...[Objectives] This study aimed to study the morphological characteristics and molecular phylogeny of a new strain collected from rotten wood of sea buckthorn in Yanbei area of Shanxi Province. [Methods]The specimens were observed with naked eyes. With Melzer,cotton blue and 5% KOH as floating carriers,the slices were prepared,which were observed under a microscope. The ITS sequence of the new strain was compared with those of the 20 kinds of reported fungi to construct molecular phylogenetic tree based on ITS. [Results] The new strain has horseshoe-shaped basidiocarp and pileus shape and has no stipe. Sometimes,it grows procumbently and scrolled backward. The mycelial system is monomitic. The skeletal hyphae showed a negative reaction in the Melzer reagent and cotton blue reagent. The basidiospores are subglobose or spherical and colorless with thick wall. The results of molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that the new strain had a close relationship with Fomitiporia spp. and was clustered into the same branch with them. It formed an independent sub-branch in the phylogenetic tree. [Conclusions] The new strain was identified as a new species of Fomitiporia,named as Fomitiporia yanbeiensis S. Guo & L. Zhou( Gen Bank: KT861405,Fungal name: FN570360).展开更多
Marshall (1916) referred 26 species to genus Leptomias Fst.and .put generic names Heteromias Fst., Parisomias Fst. and Piazomias Lacd. (part) as its synonyms. Gunther and Zumpt (1933) added Cneorrhinus Redtenb.also in...Marshall (1916) referred 26 species to genus Leptomias Fst.and .put generic names Heteromias Fst., Parisomias Fst. and Piazomias Lacd. (part) as its synonyms. Gunther and Zumpt (1933) added Cneorrhinus Redtenb.also in the list of synonyms of Leptomias st.Later on, Aslam (1961) revalidated Parisomias Fst.reshuffled the position of a few species and described a number of new species under the restricted Leptomias Fst.Accordingiy, as many as 32 species were referred to the genus Leptomias Fst.展开更多
The present paper deals with three new species of the family Salticidae collected from Mount Jianfengling, Hainan, China. All types are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Beijing. 1. Laufeia prosz...The present paper deals with three new species of the family Salticidae collected from Mount Jianfengling, Hainan, China. All types are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Beijing. 1. Laufeia proszynskii sp. nov. (figs.1-2) Holotype, Mount Jianfengling (18°7′N, 108°8′E), rain forest, May 3,1982.展开更多
基金This work is supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP,Grant No.2019QZKK05010503)China Biodiversity Observation Networks(Sino BON-Amphibian and Reptile)+1 种基金Field work was conducted under permission of the Forestry and Grassland Administration of Xizang Autonomous Region(No.2021[71])Forestry and Grassland Administration of Yunnan Province(No.2019[825]).
文摘An integrative study based on morphological data and mitochondrial molecular data of all known Nanorana(sensu stricto)species have revealed a new species from the Hengduan Mountains,N.huangi sp.nov.The new species can be distinguished from its congers by its:(1)medium body size,SVL 31.3–40.6 mm in adult males(n=12),39.2–48.1 mm in adult females(n=8);(2)absence of subarticular tubercles on fingers,with supernumerary tubercles below the base of the fingers small but distinct;(3)presence of dark dorsal patches without pale margins,generally creamy yellow ventral body basically,bright yellow ventral limbs;(4)small but prominent tympanum;(5)tibio-tarsal joint that reaches to the tympanum or the shoulder when hindlimbs adpressed forward towards body;(6)head length more than 30%of SVL.In addition,the new species can be separated from all other congeners by uncorrected genetic distances:ranging from 2.8%–7.5%of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA,1.1%–2.1%of the 16S rRNA,and 7.5%–11.5%of the COI.
文摘This paper describes a new species of the snout moth Berastagia tainanica sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) from Taiwan. From 2009 to 2016, a biology study was conducted on population dynamics and embryonic development. Spring season is the peak of the eclosion of overwintering larvae or pupae. The average longevity of adult was 14.8 ± 6.2 days (N = 174), the average number of eggs laid was 259 ± 3 eggs/moth (N = 2), the hatching rate of eggs was 95.4% (N = 262), and the average hatching time of eggs was 99.6 ± 18.6 hours (N = 68). The average body length of males was 5.64 mm ± 0.91 mm (N = 30), and the average body length of females was 6.28 mm ± 0.84 mm (N = 30). This finding indicates that female snout moths are larger than males (Global R = 0.058, P = 0.012). The snout moth eclosion rate was 16.9 moths/100 pods in the first year (2010/2011, N = 2,224 pods) and 10.9 moths/100 pods in the second year (2014/2015, N = 6,382 pods). The pod borer rate was 31.8% (N = 707) and the seed borer rate was 41.2% (N = 3,628) in the first year, whereas the pod borer rate was 76.2% (N = 6,382) in the second year.
基金supported by the Animal Branch of the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Large Research Infrastructure Funding)
文摘A new species of the genus Amolops Cope, 1865 is described from Xinduqiao, Kangding, Sichuan. It was previously identified as Amolops kangtingensis, which is synonymized to Amolops mantzorum in this study. The new species, Amolops xinduqiao sp. nov., is distinguished from all other congeners by the following combination of characters:(1) medium body size, adult males SVL 41.2–47.5 mm(n=15, average 43.9 mm), adult females SVL 48.5–56.6 mm(n=15, average 52.5 mm);(2) head length equal to width or slightly wider than long;(3) tympanum small, but distinct;(4) vomerine teeth in two tiny rows, separated by a space about one vomerine teeth row;(5) bony projections on lower jaw absent;(6) dorsolateral folds usually absent;(7) tarsal folds or glands on tarsus absent;(8) circummarginal groove on disc of finger I absent;(9) tibiotarsal articulation reaching nostril or beyond;(10) webs of toe IV reaching to distal articulation, other toes fully webbed to disc; and(11) vocal sac absent in males.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC-30770316,31071906)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KSCX2-EW-J-22)to Jianping JIANG
文摘A new species of the genus Tylototriton is described in this article based on morphological and genetic evidence. The new species is identified belonging to the T. asperrimus group and is similar to T. wenxianensis. The diagnostic characters of the new species are as follows: dorsal ridge broad and thick,its width approximately equal to eye diameter(P < 0.001); tail height greater than width at base of tail(P < 0.001); no villous genital papilla found inside the male anal fissure; nodule-like warts,along lateral margin of the trunk,bulge and forming tubercles,and thin and transverse striae present between the tubercles.
基金supported by Grant from National Forestry and Grassland Administration(No.2019073018,2019073019,2019073002,2019073003)Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China"Survey and Germplasm Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations in South-west China"(Grant No.2017FY100100)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31870195)Strategic Biological Resources Capacity Building Project from the Chinese Academy of Sciences"Seed Plants Research in Xishuangbanna Karst Region"(Grant No.KFJ-BRP-017-36)the Large-scale Scientific Facilities of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2017-LSFGBOWS-02)the National Wild Plant Germplasm Resource Center,National Science&Technology Infrastructure。
文摘Five new species(Gastrochilus yei,Gastrochilus minimus,Luisia simaoensis,Taeniophyllum xizangense,Tuberolabium subulatum)and two newly recorded species(Cleisostoma tricornutum,Luisia inconspicua)of Vandeae(Orchidaceae)from China are described and illustrated.Gastrochilus yei is similar to G.affinis and G.nepalensis,but differs from them by having an epichile not lobed,the apex of the hypochile not bilobed,and a tine on the apex of the leaf.Gastrochilus minimus is similar to G.acinacifolius,but can be distinguished from the latter by having a flabellate epichile that is densely hirsute on the adaxial surface and an inconspicuous central cushion;in addition,the hypochile of G.minimus has a keel that extends to the apex of the epichile.Taeniophyllum xizangense is similar to T.stella and T.radiatum,but it is distinguished from them by having much bigger flowers,inflorescences densely covered with short-bristly hairs,papillae on the external surface of sepals,and bigger triangular-ovate viscidium.Luisia simaoensis is similar to L magniflora and L ramosii,but can be easily distinguished from them by having lateral sepals longer than dorsal sepals and petals,lip with irregular and waved margins,and lip with bilobed apex.Luisia inconspicua is moved from Gastrochilus to Luisia based on phylogenetic analyses of plastid matK sequence data.Tuberolabium subulatum is similar to T.camosum,but it can be easily distinguished from the latter by having an inflorescence much shorter than the leaves,yellow sepals and petals,and many small papillae outside the lip lobes.
基金supported by the Margot Marsh Biodiversity FoundationPrimate Action Fund+1 种基金Helmsley Charitable TrustCritical Ecosystem Partnership Fund。
文摘Trachypithecus,which currently contains 20 species divided into four groups,is the most speciose and geographically dispersed genus among Asian colobines.Despite several morphological and molecular studies,however,its evolutionary history and phylogeography remain poorly understood.Phayre’s langur(Trachypithecus phayrei) is one of the most widespread members of the genus,but details on its actual distribution and intraspecific taxonomy are limited and controversial.Thus,to elucidate the evolutionary history of Trachypithecus and to clarify the intraspecific taxonomy and distribution of T.phayrei,we sequenced 41 mitochondrial genomes from georeferenced fecal samples and museum specimens,including two holotypes.Phylogenetic analyses revealed a robustly supported phylogeny of Trachypithecus,suggesting that the T.pileatus group branched first,followed by the T.francoisi group,and the T.cristatus and T.obscurus groups most recently.The four species groups diverged from each other 4.5-3.1 million years ago(Ma),while speciation events within these groups occurred much more recently(1.6-0.3 Ma).Within T.phayrei,we found three clades that diverged 1.0-0.9 Ma,indicating the existence of three rather than two taxa.Following the phylogenetic species concept and based on genetic,morphological,and ecological differences,we elevate the T.phayrei subspecies to species level,describe a new species from central Myanmar,and refine the distribution of the three taxa.Overall,our study highlights the importance of museum specimens and provides new insights not only into the evolutionary history of T.phayrei but the entire Trachypithecus genus as well.
基金financially supported by Project of Orchid Biodiversity Survey of ChinaNational Forestry and Grassland Administration(Grant No.2020-07)+1 种基金the Sub-projectⅥof National Program on Key Basic Research Project(973 Program)(Grant No.2015FY110200)the National Special Fund for Chinese Medicine Resources Research in the Public Interest of China(Grant No.2019-39)。
文摘A new species,Neottia wuyishanensis(Neottieae,Orchidaceae),is described and illustrated from Wuyishan,Fujian,eastern China,based on morphological characters and molecular data.Molecular phylogenetics indicate that N.wuyishanensis is nested within the clade formed by Neottia fugongensis and Neottia nujiangensis.Morphologically,N.wuyishanensis is similar to N.fugongensis and N.pseudonipponica,but differs from them by having indistinct auricles at the base,and in the shape and size of lobelets.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)Program(2019QZKK05010218,2019QZKK05010110)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32100339,31871277)+2 种基金supported by the Yunling Scholar ProjectTen-Thousand Talents Plan of Yunnan Provincesupported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘Zokors in the genus Eospalax,which are endemic to northern and western China,are subterranean rodents that inhabit various niches,including grasslands,high-altitude meadows,forests,and farmlands.Six species in Eospalax were described a century ago but their taxonomy and phylogeny remain controversial.In this study,we performed high-depth whole-genome sequencing of 47 zokor samples,comprising all six previously described species.Genomic analyses revealed a reliable and robust phylogeny of Eospalax and supported the validity of the six named species.According to the inferred phylogenetic relationships,Eospalax first divergent into two clades in the early Pliocene(ca.4.68 million years ago(Ma)),one inhabiting the highaltitude Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau(QTP)and adjacent regions,and the another inhabiting the lowaltitude Loess Plateau and Qinling-Daba Mountains.The most recent divergences occurred between E.baileyi and E.smithii and between E.rufescens and E.rothschildi in the late Pliocene(ca.2.09 and 2.19 Ma,respectively).We also collected specimens of zokors in the southern Hengduan Mountains(Muli County,Sichuan Province),far from the known distributions of all other zokors.Morphological and molecular analyses strongly suggested that the specimens represent a new species,formally described here as Eospalax muliensis sp.nov.The new species belongs to the high-altitude clade and diverged from closely related species(ca.4.22 Ma)shortly after the first divergence in Eospalax.Interestingly,Eospalax muliensis sp.nov.possesses more supposedly plesiomorphic characters,suggesting a possible origin of the genus in the Hengduan Mountains.
基金the Science&Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(No.2017FY100804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41930533)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB42000000)the Senior User Project of R/V Kexue。
文摘Three deep-sea black corals belonging to the family Schizopathidae,are reported from two seamounts on the Caroline Ridge in the tropical Western Pacific:Umbellapathes parva sp.nov.with depth of 1488-1766 m,Telopathes cf.magna MacIsaac&Best,2013 with depth of 937-1016 m,and Stauropathes cf.punctata(Roule,1905)with depth of 942-1353 m.The latter two species are the first records in the Western Pacific Ocean.U.parva sp.nov.is characterized by monopodial corallum,relatively long unpinnulated stalk with complex pinnulated branche s developing from the lowermost primary pinnules and small spine s.It differs from two known congeners by much smaller spine s and the present of secondary pinnules.T.cf.magna MacIsaac&Best,2013 has sparsely branched corallum,relatively long and simple pinnules arranged in subopposite or alternate pairs.S.cf.punctata(Roule,1905)is characterized by the corallum with almost planar pinnulated branches,and pinnules arranged in subopposite pairs.Our results indicate that the corallum size and shape are variable in conspecific specimens particularly those at different growth stages.By contrast,the size of the polypar spines as well as the abpolypar spines have little variation and can be served as a main differing feature for schizopathid species.The phylogenetic analyses using nuclear internal transcribed spacer region(spanning partial 18 S rDNA,ITS 1,5.8 S,ITS2,and partial 28 S rDNA)and two mitochondrial fragments cox3-IGR-coxl(COI)and trnW-IGR-nad2(NAD2)showed Telopathes,Stau ropathes,and Bathypathes had close relationships,and Umbellapathes formed a sister clade with Alternatipathes.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.31800315,31430011)the Applied and Fundamental Research Foundation of Yunnan Province(2019FD059).
文摘Two new species of Yushania(Poaceae,Bambusoideae,Arundinarieae)are described and illustrated from Hunan,China.Yushania longshanensis D.Z.Li&X.Y.Ye is distinguished from related species(Y.confusa,Y.angustifolia and Y.pachyclada)by having a thinner culm(0.2e0.3 cm in diameter),glabrous sheath scar,no oral setae,a large glabrous leaf blade(10e200.9e1.3 cm)and 3e4 pairs of secondary veins.Yushania stoloniforma D.Z.Li&X.Y.Ye has a distinctive scrambling habit,which differs from its putative close allies.Both of these two new species have a solitary branch at the basal nodes and can be assigned to Yushania sect.Yushania based on morphological features.Additionally,we treated Yushania gigantea T.P.Yi&L.Yang as a new synonym of Y.elevata T.P.Yi and renamed Y.microphylla T.P.Yi&L.Yang as Y.weiningensis D.Z.Li&X.Y.Ye.
基金the Science&Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(No.2017FY100804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31572229,41876178)+1 种基金the Senior User Project of R/V Kexue(No.KEXUE2018G25)。
文摘The genus Munidopsis has high biodiversity in seamount habitats.In this study,two new Munidopsis species,Munidopsis ahyongi sp.nov.and Munidopsis carolinensis sp.nov.from the Caroline Ridge in the tropical western Pacific Ocean were described.M.ahyongi sp.nov.is very similar to a group of species in the M.serricornis complex,but can be readily distinguished from the related species in having the oblique posterior orbital margins,2 spines on the lateral carapace margin,and a relatively longer rostral median spine.M.carolinensis sp.nov.is different from two related species primarily in having oblique frontal margins,blunt outer orbital angles,straight lateral margins of the rostrum,scale-like rugae on sternites 5-7,and less spinose pereopod 1(chelipeds,P1)merus and carpus.Aside from the morphological comparisons,DNA barcode analysis and phylogenetic analysis based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene(COI)were employed for the identification of these new species.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31770418 and No.31760231)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2018428)the Reserve Talents for Academic and Technical Leaders of Middle-aged and Young People in Yunnan Province(Grant No.2018HB066).
文摘Rhododendron kuomeianum Y.H.Chang,J.Nielsen&Y.P.Ma,a new species of Rhododendron(Ericaceae)within subsect.Maddenia in sect.Rhododendron from Yiliang County,NE Yunnan,China,is described and illustrated.The new species is similar to R.valentinianum,but it can be easily distinguished by its sparse scales on the abaxial surface of the leaf blade,fewer flowers per inflorescence and white corolla with pale red margins.There are also differences in the widths of calyx lobes,leaf blade shape and indumentum characteristics of the petiole between the new species and Rhododendron linearilobum.We confirmed that R.kuomeianum is a new species closely related to R.valentinianum and R.changii with phylogenomic studies of 10 species within this subsection based on restriction site-associated DNA sequencing(RADseq)data.These phylogenomic analyses also clarified additional taxonomic problems in this subsection previously raised by morphological analysis.Our findings make a strong case for using next-generation sequencing to explore phylogenetic relationships and identify new species,especially in plants groups with complicated taxonomic problems.
文摘A new Dicroglossid species is described from Mawphlang,Meghalaya,northeastern India. The new species differs from all the congeners occurring in this region in body size and call characteristics. It is larger than Fejervarya syhadrensis and F. nepalensis,but smaller than F. teraiensis. It overlaps F. pierrei in snout-vent length,but clearly differs from it in advertisement call,with much shorter note duration,much longer inter note interval,and much lower dominant frequency. Paucity of genetic information and underestimation of species diversity in this region are discussed.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31960099)Basic research project of science and technology department of Guizhou Province (No.[2020]1Y083)+2 种基金Science and technology support project of science and technology department of Guizhou Provincial(No.[2020]4Y029)Guizhou Provincial Department of Education Youth Science and Technology Talents Growth Project (Nos.KY[2018]455 and KY[2018]468)Forestry Science and Technology Research Project of Guizhou Forestry Department (No.[2020]13)。
文摘The newt genus Tylototriton sensu lato is widely distributed in Eastern,Southeastern and Southern Asia.Previous studies indicated that there still has been several cryptic species in the group.Here,we describe a new species of the genus from Guizhou Province,China.Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial DNA supported that the new species was resolved as an independent clade nested into the Tylototriton sensu lato clade.On morphology,the new species could be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters:large body size(SVL 76.8-85.2 mm in male and 76.3-87.4 mm in female);head longer than wide;snout truncate in dorsal view;tail length longer than the snout-vent length in males;the distal digit ends,ventral digits,peripheral area of cloaca and the tail s lower margin are orange;relative length of toesⅢ> Ⅳ> Ⅱ> Ⅰ> Ⅴ;the distal tips of the limbs greatly overlapping when the fore and hind limbs are pressed along the trunk;fingertips reach the level beyond the snout when the forelimbs are stretched forward.
基金supported by the programs of the Guizhou Province World-Class Discipline Construction Program Project (Qianjiao Key an Fa [2019] 125)the Biodiversity Survey and Assessment in Chongqing Counties (2021-090)+2 种基金the Postgraduate Education Innovation Programme of Guizhou Province (Qianjiaohe YJSKYJJ [2021] 091)the Strategic Priority Research Program B of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) (No.XDB31000000)the National Animal Collection Resource Center,China,the Application of Amphibian Natural Antioxidant Peptides as Cosmetic Raw Material Antioxidants (QKZYD [2020]4002)。
文摘Herein we describe a new species,Leptobrachella yunyangensis sp.nov.,from Yunyang County,Chongqing City,China,based on a combination of molecular and morphological data.Phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene and six nuclear genes indicated that this new species represented an independent evolutionary lineage.The uncorrected genetic distance between the new species and its closest congener species,L.oshanensis,was 5.4 % for 16 S rRNA.The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters:(1) moderate body size(SVL28.3-30.6 mm in males);(2) rough dorsal skin,with sparse large granules and tubercles and short longitudinal ridges on the shoulder;(3) distinctly discernible tympanum with a diameter smaller than that of the eye(TMP/EYE ratio:0.51) and a distinct black supra tympanic line present;(4)an internasal distance almost equal to interorbital distance(IND/IOD ratio:1.05);(5) flanks with several dark spots arranged longitudinally in two rows;(6) distinctly visible supra-axilla ry,femoral,pectoral,a nd ventrola teral glands;(7) bicolored iris,with the upper 1/3 of the iris being copper orange and the lower 2/3 a light silvery grey;(8) relative finger lengths of Ⅰ <Ⅱ=Ⅳ <Ⅲ and relative toe lengths of Ⅰ <Ⅱ <Ⅴ <Ⅲ <Ⅳ;(9) absence of webbing and lateral fringes on fingers,and toes with rudimentary webbing and narrow lateral fringes;(10) heels overlapping when the thighs are positioned at right angles to the body;(11) tibiotarsal articulation reaching to the anterior corner of the eye when the leg is stretched forward;(12) ventral surfaces of the throat,chest,and belly greyish white with purple-brown speckling;(13) lacking distinct blackish dorsolateral markings;and(14) transverse dark brown bars on the surfaces of limbs and digits.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 31090100,30870290,31071891)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KSCX2-YW-N-0807)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(20080431285)the Science Research Program of Huangshan University(2006xkjq014,2007xkjq029)
文摘Previous phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data reveal a likely new species of Elaphe Fitzinger from China,which forms the sister group of all extant Elaphe. One of the three original specimens is crushed and the other two are neonates,which precludes a morphological analysis. Three adult snakes(2 females,1 male) collected from Jiangzha Hot Spring in Zoige County,Sichuan,China on 26 July 2010 now facilitate the species' description. Mitochondrial DNA nucleotide sequences of cytochrome b(cyt b),NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4(ND4),12S ribosomal RNA(12S rRNA),and cytochrome oxidase subunit 1(CO1) from the adults are identical to sequences from the crashed specimen. Interspecific uncorrected p-distances of partial CO1 gene of 26 sequences from all 11 species of Elaphe,including this new species,are large(8.5–15.2%). This new species is morphologically distinguished from all other species of Elaphe by several characters: "M"-shaped marking on the supraoculars and adjacent frontal; four parallel series of red-brown spots on the dorsum extending from the neck to the vent; four longitudinal stripes associated with the spots; each spot is usually composed of a whole(or incomplete) red-brown scale with puce borders; spots of each stripe are similar in shape,they occur at relatively regular intervals of one or two scales,and they are slightly red-brown in color; and it has three preoculars,whereas all other species have one or two. Now Elaphe contains 11 species and this discovery highlights the need for continued exploration of temperate regions.
基金the Science&Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(No.2017FY100804)the Biological Resources Program,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KFJ-BRP-017-37)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC0309804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41706188)。
文摘A new species of Macandrewia Gray from a seamount near Yap Trench in the Western Pacific Ocean was described.Macandrewia yapensis sp.nov.is distinct from its congeners by possessing a foliate shape with contorted lamellae,tuberculiform terminations of desmas,and unique size of spicules.This is the third species of Macandrewia described from the Pacific Ocean.In addition a partial sequence of COI gene was obtained from the new specimen and then it submitted to GenBank.Phylogenetic tree constructed with the partial COI sequences appears to exhibit a more congruent relationship with morphological data of macandrewiid species compared to 28 S gene tree.
基金Supported by Coal-Based Key Science and Technology Program of Shanxi Province(FT2014-03)
文摘[Objectives] This study aimed to study the morphological characteristics and molecular phylogeny of a new strain collected from rotten wood of sea buckthorn in Yanbei area of Shanxi Province. [Methods]The specimens were observed with naked eyes. With Melzer,cotton blue and 5% KOH as floating carriers,the slices were prepared,which were observed under a microscope. The ITS sequence of the new strain was compared with those of the 20 kinds of reported fungi to construct molecular phylogenetic tree based on ITS. [Results] The new strain has horseshoe-shaped basidiocarp and pileus shape and has no stipe. Sometimes,it grows procumbently and scrolled backward. The mycelial system is monomitic. The skeletal hyphae showed a negative reaction in the Melzer reagent and cotton blue reagent. The basidiospores are subglobose or spherical and colorless with thick wall. The results of molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that the new strain had a close relationship with Fomitiporia spp. and was clustered into the same branch with them. It formed an independent sub-branch in the phylogenetic tree. [Conclusions] The new strain was identified as a new species of Fomitiporia,named as Fomitiporia yanbeiensis S. Guo & L. Zhou( Gen Bank: KT861405,Fungal name: FN570360).
文摘Marshall (1916) referred 26 species to genus Leptomias Fst.and .put generic names Heteromias Fst., Parisomias Fst. and Piazomias Lacd. (part) as its synonyms. Gunther and Zumpt (1933) added Cneorrhinus Redtenb.also in the list of synonyms of Leptomias st.Later on, Aslam (1961) revalidated Parisomias Fst.reshuffled the position of a few species and described a number of new species under the restricted Leptomias Fst.Accordingiy, as many as 32 species were referred to the genus Leptomias Fst.
文摘The present paper deals with three new species of the family Salticidae collected from Mount Jianfengling, Hainan, China. All types are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Beijing. 1. Laufeia proszynskii sp. nov. (figs.1-2) Holotype, Mount Jianfengling (18°7′N, 108°8′E), rain forest, May 3,1982.
