On 12th August 2015,a massive rapid long run-out rock landslide occurred in the Shanyang Vanadium Mine in Shaanxi Province,China,which claimed the lives of 65 miners.No heavy rainfalls,earthquakes,and mining blasts we...On 12th August 2015,a massive rapid long run-out rock landslide occurred in the Shanyang Vanadium Mine in Shaanxi Province,China,which claimed the lives of 65 miners.No heavy rainfalls,earthquakes,and mining blasts were recorded before the incident.Therefore,the failure mechanism and the cause of the long run-out movement are always in arguments.In this paper,we conducted a detailed field investigation,laboratory tests,block theory analysis,and numerical simulation to investigate the failure and long run-out mechanisms of the landslide.The field investigation results show that the source material of the rock landslide is a huge dolomite wedge block bedding on siliceous shale layers.Uniaxial compression tests indicate that the uniaxial compression strength of the intact dolomite is 130-140MPa and the dolomite shows a brittle failure mode.Due to the progressive downward erosion of the gully,the dolomite rock bridge at the slope toe became thinner.As the compression stress in the dolomite bridge increased to surpass its strength,the brittle failure of the bridge occurred.Then huge potential energy was released following the disintegration of the landslide,which led to the high acceleration of this rock landslide.The 3D discrete element simulation results suggest that the low intergranular friction contributes to the long run-out movement of this rock landslide.展开更多
The peak ground acceleration （PGA）, the volume of a sliding mass V, the height of a mountain HL and the slope angle θ of a mountain are four important parameters affecting the horizontal run-out distance of a lands...The peak ground acceleration （PGA）, the volume of a sliding mass V, the height of a mountain HL and the slope angle θ of a mountain are four important parameters affecting the horizontal run-out distance of a landslide L. Correlations among them are studied statistically based on field investigations from 67 landslides triggered by the ground shaking and other factors during the Wenchuan earthquake, and then a prediction model for horizontal run-out distance L is developed in this study. This model gives due consideration to the implications of the above four parameters on the horizontal run-out distance L and the validity of the model is verified by the Donghekou and Magong Woqian landslides. At the same time, the advantages of the model are shown by comparing it with two other common prediction methods. The major findings drawn from the analyses and comparisons are： （1） an exponential relationship exists between L and log V, L and log HL, L and log PGA separately, but a negative exponential relationship exists between L and log tan0, which agrees with the statistical results; and （2） according to the analysis results of the relative relationship between the height of a mountain （H） and the place where the landslides occur, the probabilities at distances of2H/3-H, H/3-2H/3, and O-H/3 are 70.8%, 15.4%, and 13.8%, respectively, revealing that most landslides occurred at a distance of H/2-H. This prediction model can provide an effective technical support for the prevention and mitigation of landslide hazards.展开更多
In order to meet the severe requirements of market and reduce production costs of high quality steels,advanced run-out table cooling based on ultra fast cooling(UFC) and laminar cooling(LC) was proposed and applied to...In order to meet the severe requirements of market and reduce production costs of high quality steels,advanced run-out table cooling based on ultra fast cooling(UFC) and laminar cooling(LC) was proposed and applied to industrial production.Cooling mechanism of UFC and LC was introduced first,and then the control system and control models were described.By using UFC and LC,low-cost Q345B strips had been produced in a large scale,and industrial trials of producing low-cost dual phase strips were completed successfully.Application results show that the ultra fast cooling is uniform along the strip width and length,and does not affect the flatness of strips.The run-out table cooling system runs stably with a high precision,and makes it possible for the user to develop more high quality steels with low costs.展开更多
Mathematical models are been proposed to simulate the thermal and metallurgical behaviors of the strip occtLrring on the run-out table （ROT） in a hot strip mill. A variational method is utilized for the discretizati...Mathematical models are been proposed to simulate the thermal and metallurgical behaviors of the strip occtLrring on the run-out table （ROT） in a hot strip mill. A variational method is utilized for the discretization of the governing transient conduction-convection equation, with heat transfer coefficients adaptively determined by the actual mill data. To consider the thermal effect of phase transformation during cooling, a constitutive equation for describing austenite decomposition kinetics of steel in air and water cooling zones is coupled with the heat transfer model. As the basic required inputs in the numerical simulations, thermal material properties are experimentally measured for three carbon steels and the least squares method is used to statistically derive regression models for the properties, including specific heat and thermal conductivity. The numerical simulation and experimental results show that the setup accuracy of the temperature prediction system of ROT is effectively improved.展开更多
A new analytical chip formation model is proposed for micro-end-milling operations. The model calculates an instantaneous uncut chip thickness by considering the combination of exact trochoidal trajectory of the tool ...A new analytical chip formation model is proposed for micro-end-milling operations. The model calculates an instantaneous uncut chip thickness by considering the combination of exact trochoidal trajectory of the tool tip and tool run-out, while the simplified circular trajectory and the neglected run-out create negligible change in conventional-scale chip formation models. Newton-Raphson iterative method is employed during the calculation to obtain quadratic convergence. The proposed approach allows the calculation of instantaneous uncut chip thickness to be done accurately and rapidly, and the prediction accuracy of this model is also verified by comparing the simulation results to experimental cutting forces.展开更多
The frequency and extent of debris flows have increased tremendously due to the extreme weather and the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008. Previous studies focused on the debris flow from gullies damming the mountai...The frequency and extent of debris flows have increased tremendously due to the extreme weather and the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008. Previous studies focused on the debris flow from gullies damming the mountain streams. In this paper, an equation for the run-out distance of debris flow in the main river is proposed based on the dynamic equation of debris flow at different slopes given by Takahashi. By undertaking field investigations and flume experiments, a new calculation method of the volume of debris flow damming large river is obtained. Using the percolation theory and the renormalization group theory it was deduced that the large particles should comprise more than 50% for forming a stable debris flow dam. Hence, the criteria of damming large river by debris flow is presented in terms of run-out distance and grain composition which was then validated through the event of damming river by debris flow at Gaojia gully, the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, Sichuan, China, on July 3, 2011.展开更多
Technological progress has led to increased demand for small components with tiny features, which cannot be achieved through conventional machining. Industrial application of processes based on microcutting is limited...Technological progress has led to increased demand for small components with tiny features, which cannot be achieved through conventional machining. Industrial application of processes based on microcutting is limited by some issues concerning the geometrical scale. The process performance is significantly affected by milling machine, tool holder, tool, workpiece material microstructure, workpiece fixtures, and process parameters. At present, an ultimate micromachining assessment procedure is not available. This study aims to propose and conduct an experiment on a testing procedure for micromilling. The set up to be implemented and the output to be considered are defined and described. Three major stages are identified: estimation of the effective bandwidth of the load cell–tool holder system, the milling machine natural frequency measurement, and micromilling test execution. The entire procedure is performed, and its robustness is demonstrated.展开更多
To determine the contribution of non-repetitive domains to the bioactivity of the heavy chain in silk fibroin(SF)macromolecules,a gene motif f(1)encoding this fragment and its multimers(f(4)and f(8))were biosynthesize...To determine the contribution of non-repetitive domains to the bioactivity of the heavy chain in silk fibroin(SF)macromolecules,a gene motif f(1)encoding this fragment and its multimers(f(4)and f(8))were biosynthesized from Escherichia coli BL21.Based on the positive application potential of SF materials for the vascular tissue engineering,this study focused on examining the active response of these polypeptides to vascular endothelial cells.Biosynthetic polypeptides F(1),F(4),and F(8)were separately grafted onto the surfaces of bioinert polyethylene terephthalate(PET)films,resulting in remarkable improvements in the spread and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs).Using the same grafting dose,the activity of cells on polypeptide-modified PET films enhanced with the increase of the molecular weight of those grafted polypeptides from F(1)to F(8).Meanwhile,the growth of cells on the surface of the alkaline-treated PET film was improved,indicating that the hydrophilicity of the surface material had influence on the growth of HUVECs.Moreover,on surfaces with the same water contact angle,the spread and proliferation activity of cells on PET films were significantly lower than those on polypeptide-modified PET films.展开更多
In this paper, a multi-delay milling system considering helix angle and run-out effects is firstly established. An exponential cutting force model is used to model the interaction between a work-piece and a cutting to...In this paper, a multi-delay milling system considering helix angle and run-out effects is firstly established. An exponential cutting force model is used to model the interaction between a work-piece and a cutting tool, and a new approach is presented for accurately calibrating exponential cutting force coefficients and cutter run-out parameters. Furthermore, based on an implicit multi-step Adams formula and an improved precise time-integration algorithm, a novel stability prediction method is proposed to predict the stability of the system. The involved time delay term and periodic coefficient term are integrated as a comprehensive state term in the integral response which is approximated by the Adams formula. Then, a Floquet transition matrix with an arbitraryorder form is constructed by using a series of matrix multiplication, and the stability of the system is determined by the Floquet theory. Compared to classical semi-discretization methods and fulldiscretization methods, the developed method shows a good performance in convergence, efficiency,accuracy, and multi-order complexity. A series of cutting tests is further carried out to validate the practicability and effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the calibration process needs a time of less than 5 min, and the stability prediction method is effective.展开更多
Non-uniformity of temperature distribution across strip width direction is the ultimate reason why the flatness defect occurs on the strip after cooling process although the strip is flat at the exit of finishing mill...Non-uniformity of temperature distribution across strip width direction is the ultimate reason why the flatness defect occurs on the strip after cooling process although the strip is flat at the exit of finishing mill.One thermal , microstructural and mechanical coupling analysis model for predicting flatness change of steel strip during the run-out table cooling process was established using ABAQUS finite element software.K Esaka phase transformation kinetics model was employed to calculate the phase transformation , and coupled with temperature calculation using the user subroutine program HETVAL.Elasto-plasticity constitutive equations of steel material , in which conventional elastic and plastic strains , thermal strain , phase transformation strain and transformation induced plastic strain were considered , were derived and programmed in the user subroutine program UMAT.The conclusion that flatness of steel strip will develop to edge wave defect under the functions of the differential thermal and microstructural behaviors across strip width during the run-out table cooling procedure was acquired through the analysis results of this model.Calculation results of this analysis model agree well with the actual measurements and observation.展开更多
Ultra-fast cooling （UFC） is an advanced technology in hot rolling field. Through this technology, great changes on the run-out table are produced in the strip cooling process. In order to adapt to these changes, a n...Ultra-fast cooling （UFC） is an advanced technology in hot rolling field. Through this technology, great changes on the run-out table are produced in the strip cooling process. In order to adapt to these changes, a new gen-eration of hot strip cooling control system after rolling was developed based on the UFC basic principle. The system can not only accomplish temperature of UFC delivery side, coiling temperature, cooling rate, etc, and multi-objective accuracy control, but also offer more flexibility and new attractive possibilities in terms of cooling pattern on the run-out table, which could be of prime importance for the production of some difficult steels. In addition, through the time-velocity-distance （TVD） profile prediction combined with speed feed-forward control and coiling temperature feedback control, the coiling temperature control precision can be effectively improved during accelerative rolling in the system. At present, the system has been successfully used in the conventional strip production line and CSP short process production line, and its application effect is perfect.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFE0111900)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M730353)+1 种基金Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42041006)Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(Program No.2022JM-167).
文摘On 12th August 2015,a massive rapid long run-out rock landslide occurred in the Shanyang Vanadium Mine in Shaanxi Province,China,which claimed the lives of 65 miners.No heavy rainfalls,earthquakes,and mining blasts were recorded before the incident.Therefore,the failure mechanism and the cause of the long run-out movement are always in arguments.In this paper,we conducted a detailed field investigation,laboratory tests,block theory analysis,and numerical simulation to investigate the failure and long run-out mechanisms of the landslide.The field investigation results show that the source material of the rock landslide is a huge dolomite wedge block bedding on siliceous shale layers.Uniaxial compression tests indicate that the uniaxial compression strength of the intact dolomite is 130-140MPa and the dolomite shows a brittle failure mode.Due to the progressive downward erosion of the gully,the dolomite rock bridge at the slope toe became thinner.As the compression stress in the dolomite bridge increased to surpass its strength,the brittle failure of the bridge occurred.Then huge potential energy was released following the disintegration of the landslide,which led to the high acceleration of this rock landslide.The 3D discrete element simulation results suggest that the low intergranular friction contributes to the long run-out movement of this rock landslide.
基金NSF of China under Contract No. 41030742NBRP of China (973 Program) under Grant No.2011CB013605Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Southwest Jiaotong University
文摘The peak ground acceleration （PGA）, the volume of a sliding mass V, the height of a mountain HL and the slope angle θ of a mountain are four important parameters affecting the horizontal run-out distance of a landslide L. Correlations among them are studied statistically based on field investigations from 67 landslides triggered by the ground shaking and other factors during the Wenchuan earthquake, and then a prediction model for horizontal run-out distance L is developed in this study. This model gives due consideration to the implications of the above four parameters on the horizontal run-out distance L and the validity of the model is verified by the Donghekou and Magong Woqian landslides. At the same time, the advantages of the model are shown by comparing it with two other common prediction methods. The major findings drawn from the analyses and comparisons are： （1） an exponential relationship exists between L and log V, L and log HL, L and log PGA separately, but a negative exponential relationship exists between L and log tan0, which agrees with the statistical results; and （2） according to the analysis results of the relative relationship between the height of a mountain （H） and the place where the landslides occur, the probabilities at distances of2H/3-H, H/3-2H/3, and O-H/3 are 70.8%, 15.4%, and 13.8%, respectively, revealing that most landslides occurred at a distance of H/2-H. This prediction model can provide an effective technical support for the prevention and mitigation of landslide hazards.
基金Project(50634030) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to meet the severe requirements of market and reduce production costs of high quality steels,advanced run-out table cooling based on ultra fast cooling(UFC) and laminar cooling(LC) was proposed and applied to industrial production.Cooling mechanism of UFC and LC was introduced first,and then the control system and control models were described.By using UFC and LC,low-cost Q345B strips had been produced in a large scale,and industrial trials of producing low-cost dual phase strips were completed successfully.Application results show that the ultra fast cooling is uniform along the strip width and length,and does not affect the flatness of strips.The run-out table cooling system runs stably with a high precision,and makes it possible for the user to develop more high quality steels with low costs.
基金the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2006CB705400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50575200)
文摘Mathematical models are been proposed to simulate the thermal and metallurgical behaviors of the strip occtLrring on the run-out table （ROT） in a hot strip mill. A variational method is utilized for the discretization of the governing transient conduction-convection equation, with heat transfer coefficients adaptively determined by the actual mill data. To consider the thermal effect of phase transformation during cooling, a constitutive equation for describing austenite decomposition kinetics of steel in air and water cooling zones is coupled with the heat transfer model. As the basic required inputs in the numerical simulations, thermal material properties are experimentally measured for three carbon steels and the least squares method is used to statistically derive regression models for the properties, including specific heat and thermal conductivity. The numerical simulation and experimental results show that the setup accuracy of the temperature prediction system of ROT is effectively improved.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50575134)
文摘A new analytical chip formation model is proposed for micro-end-milling operations. The model calculates an instantaneous uncut chip thickness by considering the combination of exact trochoidal trajectory of the tool tip and tool run-out, while the simplified circular trajectory and the neglected run-out create negligible change in conventional-scale chip formation models. Newton-Raphson iterative method is employed during the calculation to obtain quadratic convergence. The proposed approach allows the calculation of instantaneous uncut chip thickness to be done accurately and rapidly, and the prediction accuracy of this model is also verified by comparing the simulation results to experimental cutting forces.
基金supported by the National Basic Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 973:2011CB409902)the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41172321)Southwest Jiaotong University Doctor Innovation Fund
文摘The frequency and extent of debris flows have increased tremendously due to the extreme weather and the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008. Previous studies focused on the debris flow from gullies damming the mountain streams. In this paper, an equation for the run-out distance of debris flow in the main river is proposed based on the dynamic equation of debris flow at different slopes given by Takahashi. By undertaking field investigations and flume experiments, a new calculation method of the volume of debris flow damming large river is obtained. Using the percolation theory and the renormalization group theory it was deduced that the large particles should comprise more than 50% for forming a stable debris flow dam. Hence, the criteria of damming large river by debris flow is presented in terms of run-out distance and grain composition which was then validated through the event of damming river by debris flow at Gaojia gully, the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, Sichuan, China, on July 3, 2011.
文摘Technological progress has led to increased demand for small components with tiny features, which cannot be achieved through conventional machining. Industrial application of processes based on microcutting is limited by some issues concerning the geometrical scale. The process performance is significantly affected by milling machine, tool holder, tool, workpiece material microstructure, workpiece fixtures, and process parameters. At present, an ultimate micromachining assessment procedure is not available. This study aims to propose and conduct an experiment on a testing procedure for micromilling. The set up to be implemented and the output to be considered are defined and described. Three major stages are identified: estimation of the effective bandwidth of the load cell–tool holder system, the milling machine natural frequency measurement, and micromilling test execution. The entire procedure is performed, and its robustness is demonstrated.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51873141).
文摘To determine the contribution of non-repetitive domains to the bioactivity of the heavy chain in silk fibroin(SF)macromolecules,a gene motif f(1)encoding this fragment and its multimers(f(4)and f(8))were biosynthesized from Escherichia coli BL21.Based on the positive application potential of SF materials for the vascular tissue engineering,this study focused on examining the active response of these polypeptides to vascular endothelial cells.Biosynthetic polypeptides F(1),F(4),and F(8)were separately grafted onto the surfaces of bioinert polyethylene terephthalate(PET)films,resulting in remarkable improvements in the spread and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs).Using the same grafting dose,the activity of cells on polypeptide-modified PET films enhanced with the increase of the molecular weight of those grafted polypeptides from F(1)to F(8).Meanwhile,the growth of cells on the surface of the alkaline-treated PET film was improved,indicating that the hydrophilicity of the surface material had influence on the growth of HUVECs.Moreover,on surfaces with the same water contact angle,the spread and proliferation activity of cells on PET films were significantly lower than those on polypeptide-modified PET films.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51525501,11290143,and 51621064)the Science Challenging Program of China (No.JCKY2016212A506-0102)
文摘In this paper, a multi-delay milling system considering helix angle and run-out effects is firstly established. An exponential cutting force model is used to model the interaction between a work-piece and a cutting tool, and a new approach is presented for accurately calibrating exponential cutting force coefficients and cutter run-out parameters. Furthermore, based on an implicit multi-step Adams formula and an improved precise time-integration algorithm, a novel stability prediction method is proposed to predict the stability of the system. The involved time delay term and periodic coefficient term are integrated as a comprehensive state term in the integral response which is approximated by the Adams formula. Then, a Floquet transition matrix with an arbitraryorder form is constructed by using a series of matrix multiplication, and the stability of the system is determined by the Floquet theory. Compared to classical semi-discretization methods and fulldiscretization methods, the developed method shows a good performance in convergence, efficiency,accuracy, and multi-order complexity. A series of cutting tests is further carried out to validate the practicability and effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the calibration process needs a time of less than 5 min, and the stability prediction method is effective.
文摘Non-uniformity of temperature distribution across strip width direction is the ultimate reason why the flatness defect occurs on the strip after cooling process although the strip is flat at the exit of finishing mill.One thermal , microstructural and mechanical coupling analysis model for predicting flatness change of steel strip during the run-out table cooling process was established using ABAQUS finite element software.K Esaka phase transformation kinetics model was employed to calculate the phase transformation , and coupled with temperature calculation using the user subroutine program HETVAL.Elasto-plasticity constitutive equations of steel material , in which conventional elastic and plastic strains , thermal strain , phase transformation strain and transformation induced plastic strain were considered , were derived and programmed in the user subroutine program UMAT.The conclusion that flatness of steel strip will develop to edge wave defect under the functions of the differential thermal and microstructural behaviors across strip width during the run-out table cooling procedure was acquired through the analysis results of this model.Calculation results of this analysis model agree well with the actual measurements and observation.
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science and Technology Support Program in 12th Five-Year Plan of China ( 2012BAF04B01 )
文摘Ultra-fast cooling （UFC） is an advanced technology in hot rolling field. Through this technology, great changes on the run-out table are produced in the strip cooling process. In order to adapt to these changes, a new gen-eration of hot strip cooling control system after rolling was developed based on the UFC basic principle. The system can not only accomplish temperature of UFC delivery side, coiling temperature, cooling rate, etc, and multi-objective accuracy control, but also offer more flexibility and new attractive possibilities in terms of cooling pattern on the run-out table, which could be of prime importance for the production of some difficult steels. In addition, through the time-velocity-distance （TVD） profile prediction combined with speed feed-forward control and coiling temperature feedback control, the coiling temperature control precision can be effectively improved during accelerative rolling in the system. At present, the system has been successfully used in the conventional strip production line and CSP short process production line, and its application effect is perfect.
