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Nitrification and Denitrification Activities and N_2O Emission of Orchard Soils Cultivated for Different Periods of Time
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作者 张玉树 丁洪 +3 位作者 胡晓霞 张生才 秦胜金 郑祥洲 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2012年第4期843-848,共6页
[Objective] The aim was to investigate the differences in nitrification and denitrification activities and the N20 emission of orchard soils cultivated for different periods of time. [Method] Incubation experiment was... [Objective] The aim was to investigate the differences in nitrification and denitrification activities and the N20 emission of orchard soils cultivated for different periods of time. [Method] Incubation experiment was conducted to determine the ni- trification and denitrification activities and N20 emission of three types of orchard soil samples that had been cultivated for 5, 12 and 20 years, respectively, by using the virgin soil sample as control. [Result] After 26 d of incubation, the nitrification rates of nitrogen fertilizer in the virgin soil sample and the orchard soil samples cultivated for 5, 12 and 20 years were 6.85%, 10.26%, 13.29% and 12.90%, respectively, which were positively correlated with content of soil organic matter, ammonium nitro- gen and total nitrogen (P〈0.05), and negatively correlated with soil carbon-nitrogen ratio and pH value (P〈0.05). The denitrification activities of these soil samples in- creased with the increase of cultivation years. The amount of nitrogen loss by deni- trification accounted for 0.01%-3.11% of the amount of fertilizer nitrogen, and had a positive correlation with the content of soil organic matter (P〈0.05). The N20 emis- sions of orchard soil samples were higher than that of the virgin soil samples (P〈 0.05). [Conclusion] In South China, the nitrification activity of orchard soil is relatively low, but it has a tendency to increase as the cultivation years increases; the denitri- fication activity is relatively high, and increases significantly with the increase of culti- vation years. 展开更多
关键词 orchard soil NITRIFICATION DENITRIFICATION N2O emission
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Variation of Potential Nitrification and Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterial Community with Plant-Growing Period in Apple Orchard Soil
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作者 LIU Ling-zhi QIN Si-jun +2 位作者 Lü De-guo WANG Bing-ying YANG Ze-yuan 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2014年第2期415-425,共11页
In this study, we investigated the potential nitrification and community structure of soil-based ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in apple orchard soil during different growth periods and explored the effects of env... In this study, we investigated the potential nitrification and community structure of soil-based ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in apple orchard soil during different growth periods and explored the effects of environmental factors on nitrification activity and AOB community composition in the soil of a Hanfu apple orchard, using a culture-dependent technique and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). We observed that nitrification activity and AOB abundance were the highest in November, lower in May, and the lowest in July. The results of statistical analysis indicated that total nitrogen (N) content, NH4+-N content, NO3-N content, and pH showed significant correlations with AOB abundance and nitrification activity in soil. The Shannon-Winner diversity, as well as species richness and evenness indices (determined by PCR-DGGE banding patterns) in soil samples were the highest in September, but the lowest in July, when compared to additional sampled dates. The DGGE fingerprints of soil-based 16S rRNA genes in November were apparently distinct from those observed in May, July, and September, possessing the lowest species richness indices and the highest dominance indices among all four growth periods. Fourteen DGGE bands were excised for sequencing. The resulting analysis indicated that all AOB communities belonged to the 13-Proteobacteria phylum, with the dominant AOB showing high similarity to the Nitrosospira genus. Therefore, soil-based environmental factors, such as pH variation and content of NHa+-N and NO3--N, can substantially influence the abundance of AOB communities in soil, and play a critical role in soil-based nitrification kinetics. 展开更多
关键词 apple orchard soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria potential nitrification community structure PCR-dena~'ing gradientgel electrophoresis
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Micronutrient Contents of Citrus Orchard Soils in Southern China
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作者 OUYANG TAOInstitute of Soil science, Academia Sinica. P.O. Box 821, Nanjing 210008 (China) 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1993年第2期119-126,共8页
Investigations were carried out on the micronutrient contents,of major citrus orchard soils (involving seven soil great groups in 8 provinces and an autonomous region of southern China),and an evaluation on the abunda... Investigations were carried out on the micronutrient contents,of major citrus orchard soils (involving seven soil great groups in 8 provinces and an autonomous region of southern China),and an evaluation on the abundance and deficiency of available micronutrients in these soils was made in this paper.In southern China,citrus orchard soils derived from sandstone,sandy shale,Quaternary red clay,diluvial deposit,granite gneiss and neritic deposit were deficient in available Mo and B and low in Zn.Those developed on purple sandy shale,limestone and slope deposit were all in short supply of available Zn,B and Mo.Coastal solonchak was fairly abundant in B,but its available Fe,Zn and Mo contents were rather low. 展开更多
关键词 citrus orchard soil MICRONUTRIENT southern China
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The Changing Characteristics of Profile Distribution of Organic Nitrogen Components in Apple-pear Orchard Soil
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作者 Huan LIU Qian GAO +4 位作者 Shiyuan LIU Jie LI Yu WANG Jicheng HAN Yong GUO 《Agricultural Biotechnology》 CAS 2021年第4期130-133,共4页
In order to evaluate the effects of soil depth on the contents of soil organic nitrogen,organic nitrogen forms in apple-pear orchard soil profile were quantified using the method proposed by Bremner in 1965.The result... In order to evaluate the effects of soil depth on the contents of soil organic nitrogen,organic nitrogen forms in apple-pear orchard soil profile were quantified using the method proposed by Bremner in 1965.The results indicated that in addition to the amino sugar-N,all the soil organic N components within the same soil layer in wasteland were more than those in apple-pear orchard soil;with the layer depth increasing,the contents of different organic nitrogen forms in apple-pear orchard soil and wasteland were decreased;and the proportion of each organic N component within total hydrolysable N was different,and the percentages of ammonia N and amino acid-N components within total hydrolysable N were higher,especially the percentage of ammonia N components within total hydrolysable N was the highest. 展开更多
关键词 Organic nitrogen components PROFILE Apple-pear orchard soil Distribution characteristics
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Physical and Biochemical Properties of Apple Orchard Soils of Different Productivities 被引量:1
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作者 Takamitsu Kai Masaki Mukai +2 位作者 Kiwako S. Araki Dinesh Adhikari Motoki Kubo 《Open Journal of Soil Science》 2015年第7期149-156,共8页
Physical and biochemical properties of apple orchard soils of different productivities (orchard A: 30 t&#183ha&#451;orchard B: 20 t&#183ha&#451) were analyzed. Most of the physical properties were simi... Physical and biochemical properties of apple orchard soils of different productivities (orchard A: 30 t&#183ha&#451;orchard B: 20 t&#183ha&#451) were analyzed. Most of the physical properties were similar in both orchards. In orchard A, the horizontal saturated hydraulic conductivity at 10-cm depth was 16.42 cm&#183day&#451, and was about four times higher than that in orchard B (4.41 cm&#183day&#451). Total carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were about two times higher in orchard B soil, whereas total potassium, bacterial biomass, nitrification, and phosphorus mineralization activities were similar in both orchards. Excess nutrients accumulated on the top 15 cm layer of orchard B soil because the topographical and physical conditions were associated with reduced apple productivity. Appropriate management of fallen leaves and reduction of chemical fertilizer seem necessary for a high level of apple productivity. 展开更多
关键词 APPLE orchard soil PHYSICAL PROPERTIES BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES FRUIT Yield
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Survey of Annual and Seasonal Fungal Communities in Japanese <i>Prunus mume</i>Orchard Soil by Next-Generation Sequencing
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作者 Yoshinao Aoki Keiko Fujita +1 位作者 Hiroyuki Shima Shunji Suzuki 《Advances in Microbiology》 2015年第13期817-824,共8页
Fungi play a vital role in the management of soil environment. Although various fungal communities are found in soil, it is difficult to determine the fungal community structure in soil. In this study, we conducted a ... Fungi play a vital role in the management of soil environment. Although various fungal communities are found in soil, it is difficult to determine the fungal community structure in soil. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive survey of fungal communities in Japanese Prunus mume orchard soil from 2010 to 2012 growing seasons using next-generation sequencing technology. Fungal DNA was directly extracted from the soil samples and the internal transcribed spacer 1 region was amplified by PCR and sequenced. We identified 34,826 fungal clone sequences from the soil samples. The fungal clones were sorted into 2132 operational taxonomic units and a majority of the discriminated clone sequences were classified as Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. The number of fungal species belonging to Ascomycota showed increases in June in the three growing seasons. That belonging to Glomeromycota showed increases in August in the three growing seasons. As Ascomycota fungi are wood decomposers and saprotrophs, the results suggested that the number of plant pathogenic fungi increased in Japanese P. mume orchard soil in June. These findings show for the first time the annual and seasonal fungal community structures in Japanese P. mume orchard soil, and are expected to provide valuable clues for improvement when planting new P. mume trees in Japanese orchards. 展开更多
关键词 Fungal Community Structure JAPANESE PRUNUS mume orchard Next-Generation Sequencing Operational TAXONOMIC Unit soil Microorganism
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Evaluation of Trace Elements in the Soil of Typical Peach Orchards in Zunyi City
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作者 Wenzhao LI Xiong YAN +5 位作者 Jun CHENG Xingyong WANG Changling SUI Xiangchun ZHANG Zhuang ZHAO Peng ZHOU 《Agricultural Biotechnology》 2024年第1期17-19,共3页
[Objectives]This study was conducted to clarify the enrichment and paucity of trace elements in the soil environment of peach orchards in Zunyi City,and to provide reference for supplementary application of microeleme... [Objectives]This study was conducted to clarify the enrichment and paucity of trace elements in the soil environment of peach orchards in Zunyi City,and to provide reference for supplementary application of microelement fertilizers and high-quality peach production in peach orchards.[Methods]Taking the soil of three typical peach orchards(Taoli Renjia peach orchard,Pengrui peach orchard and Taohuadao peach orchard)in Shenxi Town,Honghuagang District,Zunyi City as the research object,the contents of trace elements in soil were analyzed through field sampling and indoor determination of trace elements.[Results]The effective contents of trace elements in the soil of peach orchard bases in the study area were at a medium level,and the soil of the peach orchards was rich in available Fe and Se.The contents of available Cu,Mo and Mn were relatively rich.The contents of available B were not high overall.The contents of available Zn were at a moderate to low level overall.The soil of Taoli Renjia peach orchard was relatively rich in trace elements.[Conclusions]The research results can provide a scientific basis for the production of high-quality crispy peaches in peach orchards. 展开更多
关键词 Zunyi soil in peach orchard Trace elements EVALUATION
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Bioremediation of Soil Pollution in Orchard 被引量:6
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作者 王宝申 王炳华 +4 位作者 高树青 刘秀春 高艳敏 陈宝江 杨华 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2009年第5期154-157,共4页
[ Objective ] The aim was to study the bioremediation mechanism of soil pollution. [ Method ] The effects of applying biological organic fertilizers on the bioremediation of soil pollution in orchard were studid by ex... [ Objective ] The aim was to study the bioremediation mechanism of soil pollution. [ Method ] The effects of applying biological organic fertilizers on the bioremediation of soil pollution in orchard were studid by experiment in orchard field and soil simulative experiment. [ Result] The biological organic fertilizers improved the activities of enzymes like polyphenol oxidase, urease, phosphatase, etc. in root-zone soil, promoted the passivation of heavy metals like Cd^2+ , Pb^2+ , Cr^3+ , As^8+ , etc. in root-zone soil, increased the quantities of useful active bacterium like beneficial fungi, actinomycetes, bacterium, etc. and decreased the quantities of harmful biology (like Fusarium oxysporum, Moniliophthora roreri, Ruselliniu necutrix/Helicobasidium mompa, nematode, etc. [ Conclusion] The study results provide some references for the popularization and application of biological organic fertilizers on fruit trees. 展开更多
关键词 orchard soil BIOREMEDIATION Biological organic fertilizers
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Effect of lime application on microbial community in acidic tea orchard soils in comparison with those in wasteland and forest soils 被引量:21
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作者 Dong Xue Xiangdong Huang +1 位作者 Huaiying Yao Changyong Huang 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2010年第8期1253-1260,共8页
Lime application is a conventional technology to control acidification in tea orchard soils. We investigated the effect of lime application on soil microbial community diversity in the soils of three tea orchards, was... Lime application is a conventional technology to control acidification in tea orchard soils. We investigated the effect of lime application on soil microbial community diversity in the soils of three tea orchards, wasteland and forest. The BIOLOG data showed that both the average well color development of all carbon sources and the functional diversity index increased with the liming rate in the tea orchards and the forest, but decreased in the wasteland. The phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis showed that the structural diversity index of soil microbial community increased with the liming rate in all the tea orchards, the wasteland and the forest. Lime application also increased the soil-bacterial PLFA content in all the soils. Soil fungal and actinomycete PLFAs in the tea orchards showed an increasing trend from 0 to 3.2 g CaCO 3 /kg application and then a decreasing trend from 3.2 to 6.4 g CaCO 3 /kg application. The principal component analysis of BIOLOG and PLFA data suggested that lime application had a significant effect on soil microbial community structure, and land use had a greater effect on soil microbial community structure compared to lime application. 展开更多
关键词 microbial community diversity phospholipid fatty acid LIME tea orchard soil
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Spatial interpolation of orchard soil pH using soil type and planting duration as auxiliary information 被引量:1
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作者 Chuancheng FU Haibo ZHANG +3 位作者 Chen TU Lianzhen LI Xinghua LIU Yongming LUO 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2020年第5期628-637,共10页
Intensified field management in orcahrds has resulted in significant and widespread acidification in the soils.However,effectively mapping the spatial patterns of soil pH aiming to support ecological management is imp... Intensified field management in orcahrds has resulted in significant and widespread acidification in the soils.However,effectively mapping the spatial patterns of soil pH aiming to support ecological management is impeded by its large variotions across soil types and planting durations.Kriging methods were used to integrate soil type and planting duration information for effective mapping of orchard soil pH in a case study in orchards of the Northeast Jiaodong Peninsula,East China.A total o f 1472 surface soil samples were collected,and the planting duration o f each sampled orchard was acquired to generate a planting duration map via Voronoi tessellations.The performance of five kriging methods was compared,namely,ordinary kriging(OK),OK combined with soil type(OK_ST),OK combined with planting duration(OK_PD),cokriging combined with soil type and planting duration(OCK_STPD),and OK combined with soil type and planting duration(OK_STPD).Results showed that soil pH declined significantly with increasing planting duration and exhibited moderate spatial variability over the study area.Soil type and planting duration both had significant influence on the spatial distribution of soil pH.The OCK_STPD and OK_STPD methods showed better prediction efficiency than OK,OK_ST,or OK_PD.With regard to the predicted maps of soil pH,the OCK_STPD and OK_STPD methods highly reflected local variations associated with soil type and planting duration,but the OK method was poorly representative.Categorical soil type and planting duration information may be used as ancillary information to improve the mapping quality o f orchard soil pH.The OCK_STPD and OK_STPD methods were practical and efficient methods for interpolating orchard soil pH in the study area.The resultant high-quality soil pH maps can contribute to improved site-specific management in the orchards. 展开更多
关键词 Jiaodong Peninsula COKRIGING KRIGING orchard soil properties soil acidification soil map
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Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon, Total Nitrogen, and C/N Ratio in Chinese Apple Orchards 被引量:7
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作者 Shunfeng Ge Haigang Xu +1 位作者 Mengmeng Ji Yuanmao Jiang 《Open Journal of Soil Science》 2013年第5期213-217,共5页
Soil organic carbon and nitrogen are used as indexes of soil quality assessment and sustainable land use management. At the same time, soil C/N ratio is a sensitive indicator of soil quality and for assessing the carb... Soil organic carbon and nitrogen are used as indexes of soil quality assessment and sustainable land use management. At the same time, soil C/N ratio is a sensitive indicator of soil quality and for assessing the carbon and nitrogen nutrition balance of soils. We studied the characteristics of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen by investigating a large number of apple orchards in major apple production areas in China. High apple orchard soil organic carbon content was observed in the provinces of Heilongjiang, Xinjiang, and Yunnan, whereas low content was found in the provinces of Shandong, Henan, Hebei, and Shaanxi, with the values ranging between 6.44 and 7.76 g·kg-1. Similar to soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen content also exhibited obvious differences in the 12 major apple producing provinces. Shandong apple orchard soil had the highest total nitrogen content (1.26 g·kg-1), followed by Beijing (1.23 g·kg-1). No significant difference was noted between these two regions, but their total nitrogen content was significantly higher than the other nine provinces, excluding Yunnan. The soil total nitrogen content for Xinjiang, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Henan, and Gansu was between 0.87 and 1.03 g·kg-1, which was significantly lower than that in Shandong and Beijing, but significantly higher than that in Liaoning, Shanxi, and Shaanxi. Six provinces exhibited apple orchard soil C/N ratio higher than 10, including Heilongjiang (15.42), Xinjiang (13.38), Ningxia (14.45), Liaoning (12.24), Yunnan (11.03), and Gansu (10.63). The soil C/N ratio was below 10 in the remaining six provinces, in which the highest was found in Shaanxi (9.47), followed by Beijing (8.98), Henan (7.99), and Shanxi (7.62), and the lowest was found in Hebei (6.80) and Shandong (6.05). Therefore, the improvement of soil organic carbon should be given more attention to increase the steady growth of soil C/N ratio. 展开更多
关键词 CHINESE APPLE orchard soil ORGANIC Carbon Total Nitrogen C/N Ratio
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Effects of Mouse Thatched on Soil Temperature, Yield and Quality in Apple Orchard 被引量:1
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作者 Yanhong LI Na LI +3 位作者 Peiping ZHANG Qiangsheng SUN Yao SUN Hongzhang WANG 《Agricultural Biotechnology》 CAS 2019年第3期153-155,158,共4页
[Objectives]This study was conducted to study the effect of mouse thatched on soil temperature,yield and quality in orchards.[Methods]The response of orchard soil,yield and quality to sod culture was studied by compar... [Objectives]This study was conducted to study the effect of mouse thatched on soil temperature,yield and quality in orchards.[Methods]The response of orchard soil,yield and quality to sod culture was studied by comparisons of grassing for two years,three years and clean cultivation.[Results]In April,the soil temperature in mouse thatched area was higher than that in clean cultivation area,and the temperature in the three years of sward was the highest.From May to July,the temperature in mouse thatched area was lower than that in clean cultivation area,and the temperature was lowest in the three years of sward.At the same time,the fruit yield and quality were improved.Averaged the two years,the yield of apple increased by 12%,and the contents of sugar,soluble solids and vitamin C and the firmness of the fruit were increased,and the total acid content was decreased by planting mouse thatched.[Conclusions]Adjusting soil temperature in orchards by planting grass achieved the effects of promoting the activity of microorganisms,facilitating the growth of root system,increasing the yield and improving the quality. 展开更多
关键词 APPLE orchard MOUSE thatched soil temperature YIELD Quality
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Status of Soil Nutrients in Citrus Orchards of Guangxi
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作者 Yuyi HUANG Guifen CHEN +2 位作者 Yanfei HUANG Liumei XIONG Bin LIU 《Agricultural Biotechnology》 CAS 2019年第1期150-151,155,共3页
Based on the investigation of 56 soil samples( 0-30 cm) in citrus orchards of Guangxi,the content of soil organic matter and available nutrients as well as their correlations in the citrus orchards were studied. The r... Based on the investigation of 56 soil samples( 0-30 cm) in citrus orchards of Guangxi,the content of soil organic matter and available nutrients as well as their correlations in the citrus orchards were studied. The results showed that soil was rich in organic matter,and the proportion of soil samples deficient in available N,P and K was 30. 36%,32. 14% and 28. 57% respectively. Soil was seriously deficient in soil available Ca,Mg and B,while the content of soil available Fe and Cu in soil was too high. There were significant or extremely significant positive or negative correlations between soil pH,organic matter and several available nutrients. It is recommended to apply Mg fertilizer,B fertilizer,lime or other alkaline fertilizer and reduce the spraying of fungicides containing Cu in the citrus orchards. 展开更多
关键词 CITRUS orchardS soil available NUTRIENTS CONTENT GUANGXI
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Characterization of Orchard Fields Based on Soil Fertility Index (SOFIX)
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作者 Pitchayapa Pholkaw Quoc Thinh Tran +4 位作者 Takamitsu Kai Taiki Kawagoe Kenzo Kubota Kiwako S. Araki Motoki Kubo 《Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment》 2020年第3期159-176,共18页
Soil samples from 139 agricultural orchard fields (apple, grape, tea, and others) w</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ere</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> an... Soil samples from 139 agricultural orchard fields (apple, grape, tea, and others) w</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ere</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> analyzed using the soil fertility index. From these samples, an orchard field database was constructed and the soil properties between orchard, upland, and paddy fields </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">compared. The average value of bacterial biomass in the orchard fields was 7.4 × 10</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">8</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> cells/g-soil, ranging from not detected (lower than 6.6 × 10</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">6</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> cells/g-soil) to 7.7 × 10</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">9</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> cells/g-soil. The average values of total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total potassium (TK), were 24,000 mg/kg (2670 to 128,100 mg/kg), 1460 mg/kg (133 to 6400 mg/kg), 1030 mg/kg (142 to 5362 mg/kg), and 5370 mg/kg (1214 to 18,155 mg/kg), respectively. The C/N and C/P ratios were 19 (3 to 85) and 27 (2 to 101), respectively. Soil properties of the orchard fields were compared with those of the upland and the paddy fields. The average value of bacterial biomass in the orchard fields was almost the same as that in the upland fields (8.0 × 10</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">8</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> cells/g-soil), but the number was lower than that in the paddy fields (12.9 × 10</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">8</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> cells/g-soil). The average values of TC and TN in the orchard fields fell between those in the upland fields (TC: 33,120 mg/kg, TN: 2010 mg/kg) and the paddy fields (TC: 15,420 mg/kg, TN: 1080</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mg/kg). The relationship between the bacterial biomass and TC in the orchard fields resembled that in the upland fields. A suitable soil condition for the orchard fields was determined as TC: ≥25,000 mg/kg, TN: ≥1500 mg/kg, TP: ≥900 mg/kg and TK: 2500 - 10,000 mg/kg.</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">These recommended values will be effective for the improvement of the soil quality in the orchard fields by enhancing the number and activities of microorganisms. 展开更多
关键词 orchard Field soil Fertility Index (SOFIX) Bacterial Biomass
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Spatial Distribution of Soil Organic Matter and Nutrients in the Pear Orchard Under Clean and Sod Cultivation Models 被引量:11
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作者 XU Ling-fei ZHOU Peng +3 位作者 HAN Qing-fang LI Zhi-hui YANG Bao-ping NIE Jun-feng 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2013年第2期344-351,共8页
The soil organic matter and nutrients are fundamental for the sustainability of pear production, but little is known about the spatial distribution of soil organic matter and nutrients in a pear orchard. With the soil... The soil organic matter and nutrients are fundamental for the sustainability of pear production, but little is known about the spatial distribution of soil organic matter and nutrients in a pear orchard. With the soil of the pear (cv. Dangshansu on P.betulifolia Bunge. rootstock) orchard under clean and sod cultivation models as test materials, the experiment was conducted to evaluate spatial variability of soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (STN), total phosphorus (STP), total potassium (STK), available nitrogen (SAN), and available potassium (SAK) in and between rows at different soil depths (0-60 cm). The SOM, STN, STP, STK, SAN and SAK of the different soil layers under the two tillage models were different in the vertical direction. The SOM, STN, STP and SAN in the 0-20 cm soil layer were higher than those in the 20-40 and 40- 60 cm soil layers. The STK of 40-60 cm soil layer was higher than that in the 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers. The STK increased with the depth of soil in the vertical direction in the clean cultivated pear orchard. Variability of the SOM, STN, STP, STK, SAN and SAK of sample sites in between rows of the same soil layer was found in the pear orchard soil in the horizontal direction under clean and sod cultivation management systems, except that STK of all sites did not show the difference in identical soil layers in the pear orchard under clean cultivation. The sod cultivation model improved the SOM, STN, and STK in the 0-20 cm soil layer in the pear orchard, and the three components increased by 12.8, 12.7 and 7.3% compared to clean cultivation, respectively. The results can be applicable to plan collection of orchard soil samples, assess orchard soil quality, and improve orchard soil management practices. 展开更多
关键词 spatial distribution soil organic matter soil nutrients clean cultivation sod cover pear orchard
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不同覆盖措施对寒地苹果园土壤物理特性和树体生长的影响 被引量:1
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作者 胡颖慧 顾广军 +5 位作者 卜海东 杨悦 刘畅 高洪娜 董航 于文全 《中国果树》 2024年第1期17-24,共8页
为探索适合东北寒地雨养苹果园幼树生长的土壤覆盖技术,以当地主栽苹果品种龙丰为试材,连续2年采用稻草、玉米秸秆、食用菌菌渣和园艺地布覆盖,以清耕为对照,研究不同覆盖处理对苹果园土壤温度、含水量、容重、孔隙度以及树体生长的影... 为探索适合东北寒地雨养苹果园幼树生长的土壤覆盖技术,以当地主栽苹果品种龙丰为试材,连续2年采用稻草、玉米秸秆、食用菌菌渣和园艺地布覆盖,以清耕为对照,研究不同覆盖处理对苹果园土壤温度、含水量、容重、孔隙度以及树体生长的影响。结果表明:覆盖可显著影响表层土壤温度,与清耕对照相比,覆盖稻草显著降低了土壤温度,覆盖玉米秸秆和覆盖食用菌菌渣能够稳定土壤温度;覆盖处理显著提高了土壤含水量,以覆盖食用菌菌渣最佳,5—10月平均土壤含水量较对照提高40.5%;覆盖有机材料可降低土壤容重,增加土壤孔隙度,在成熟期与对照差异显著,以覆盖玉米秸秆最佳。覆盖促进了龙丰幼树生长,春梢长度和新梢长度、粗度增加,干径增加,促进了叶片生长。综合比较,覆盖园艺地布促进树体生长效果最佳,覆盖玉米秸秆和覆盖食用菌菌渣对改善土壤环境效果最好,同时也能够促进树体生长。 展开更多
关键词 覆盖 寒地 苹果园 土壤 幼树
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生草对贵州高海拔区苹果园土壤呼吸及水热环境的影响
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作者 冯建文 韩秀梅 +3 位作者 蒙小玉 杨华 李顺雨 吴亚维 《贵州农业科学》 CAS 2024年第4期81-89,共9页
【目的】探明西南冷凉高地苹果产区果园不同草种覆盖条件土壤呼吸特征及其与土壤水热的关系,为筛选苹果园适宜生草类型提供参考依据。【方法】设置鼠茅草(Vulpia myuros)、鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)、黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、白三叶(Tr... 【目的】探明西南冷凉高地苹果产区果园不同草种覆盖条件土壤呼吸特征及其与土壤水热的关系,为筛选苹果园适宜生草类型提供参考依据。【方法】设置鼠茅草(Vulpia myuros)、鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)、黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、白三叶(Trifolium repens)、光叶紫花苕(Vicia villosa)、鼠茅草+鸭茅+白三叶混播、黑麦草+白三叶+鸭茅混播、鼠茅草+黑麦草+白三叶混播8个苹果园生草处理,以清耕作对照(CK),利用LI-6400XT便携式光合测定系统配套使用土壤呼吸气室(6400-09)测定果园土壤呼吸速率,采用非线性回归和指数模型,分析不同生草处理对土壤呼吸与土壤水热环境的影响。【结果】生草显著提高果园土壤呼吸速率,较清耕提高0.07%~256.39%,其中,黑麦草+白三叶+鸭茅混播处理提高幅度最高。生草覆盖显著提高土壤水分保持能力,对0~20 cm土层的影响最明显,相同月份不同生草处理间土壤水分差异明显,生草混播处理提高土壤水分能力优于生草单播处理。生草覆盖后显著降低夏季(5—7月)表层土壤(0~5 cm)温度。不同生草覆盖处理土壤水分含量与土壤呼吸以二次函数拟合效果最佳,决定系数R 2在0.242~0.989,拟合度较高。各生草处理土壤温度与土壤呼吸速率呈指数函数关系,0~5 cm和5~10 cm土层拟合模型决定系数R 2平均值高于10~15 cm和15~20 cm土层。土壤温度、水分及二者的交互作用对土壤呼吸的协同影响高于土壤单因子的影响。【结论】苹果园生草处理可显著提高土壤呼吸速率,显著增加0~20 cm土层土壤的水分保持能力,降低果园夏季表层土壤(0~5 cm)温度,有效改善苹果根系生长环境,有利于树体发育。不同生草模式中以黑麦草+白三叶+鸭茅混播处理效果最优。 展开更多
关键词 苹果园 生草 土壤呼吸 水热环境 高海拔区 贵州
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海南火龙果园土壤肥力与根结线虫数量调查
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作者 李娟 高翔 +4 位作者 陈思如 武佳敏 高伟 张洪 阮云泽 《热带生物学报》 2024年第2期182-189,共8页
为了明确海南岛火龙果园土壤肥力状况和根结线虫危害情况,采集了海南岛68家火龙果园的土壤样品共204份,分析测定了土壤氮、磷、钾、钙、镁等矿质营养元素含量及根结线虫的数量,并采用模糊综合评判法对果园土壤综合肥力状况进行评价,分... 为了明确海南岛火龙果园土壤肥力状况和根结线虫危害情况,采集了海南岛68家火龙果园的土壤样品共204份,分析测定了土壤氮、磷、钾、钙、镁等矿质营养元素含量及根结线虫的数量,并采用模糊综合评判法对果园土壤综合肥力状况进行评价,分析了根结线虫数量与土壤养分状况的相关性。结果表明:海南岛火龙果园土壤pH为6.4,整体呈中性或弱酸性;有机质含量为19.9 g·kg^(-1),碱解氮含量为63.9 mg·kg^(-1),速效钾含量为95.8 mg·kg^(-1),均处于缺乏状态,而有效磷、交换性钙含量为丰富及以上等级,交换性镁处于中量水平;土壤pH与有机质、交换性钙、镁含量呈显著正相关,表明维持中性的pH水平有利于土壤有机质的积累,对钙、镁的有效性有重要意义;土壤有机质含量与碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、镁含量呈显著正相关,说明土壤有机质的提高有助于提升土壤基础矿质养分的含量;各火龙果园根结线虫数量差异较大,其中,每100克干中土根结线虫2龄幼虫(J2)数量最多的可达736条,而较少的仅有14条;根结线虫发生轻重情况南北差异较大,整体上北部地区的火龙果园根结线虫数量低于南部地区;土壤pH、有机质、有效磷、交换性钙与根结线虫数量呈正相关。调查结果显示,海南岛火龙果园土壤综合肥力指数处于较高水平。 展开更多
关键词 海南 火龙果园 土壤肥力 根结线虫数量
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不同覆盖方式对桃园土壤性状及果实产量品质的影响
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作者 成文竞 张琴 +2 位作者 佘为为 许太白 张微微 《中国南方果树》 北大核心 2024年第5期124-129,共6页
连续2年在上海市12年生蟠桃园将修剪枝条粉碎后翻埋还田,并将此措施与碎枝覆盖、果园生草或反光地布覆盖相结合,探索桃园碎枝利用及复合覆盖的适宜形式。结果表明,相对于对照(不做任何处理),翻埋粉碎树枝、翻埋粉碎树枝+覆盖粉碎树枝、... 连续2年在上海市12年生蟠桃园将修剪枝条粉碎后翻埋还田,并将此措施与碎枝覆盖、果园生草或反光地布覆盖相结合,探索桃园碎枝利用及复合覆盖的适宜形式。结果表明,相对于对照(不做任何处理),翻埋粉碎树枝、翻埋粉碎树枝+覆盖粉碎树枝、翻埋粉碎树枝+人工生草、翻埋粉碎树枝+铺设反光地布4种措施能使蟠桃单果质量提升13.8%~35.0%,增产16.0%~36.9%,其中以碎枝覆盖结合翻埋的增产提质效果最佳。连续2年的碎枝覆盖结合翻埋,使得0~30 cm土层土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量比对照显著高出82.1%、52.0%、48.5%和47.7%,0~10 cm土层土壤容重比对照显著降低12.0%,0~20 cm土层土壤平均含水量比对照显著高出10.0%,且在土壤含水量偏低时的保水作用更显著。蟠桃单果质量和产量与土壤含水量、孔隙度、有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量等土壤理化指标表现出极显著或显著正相关关系。碎枝翻埋和覆盖相结合是适宜华东地区的桃园废弃物就地利用的良好方式。 展开更多
关键词 枝条还田 果园覆盖 土壤肥力 土壤理化性状 相关性分析 果实品质
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宁夏引黄灌区果园生草处理对土壤理化性质的影响
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作者 李晓龙 马军 +10 位作者 褚燕南 岳海英 王芳 岳芬芬 刘婷 李元 王媛 吴昊 贾永华 田建文 《江苏农业学报》 CSCD 北大核心 2024年第7期1227-1233,共7页
本研究选用多年生黑麦草、紫花苜蓿、高羊茅、长柔毛野豌豆4种功能草种,以清耕和自然生草作为对照,探究不同生草处理对果园土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明,与多年生黑麦草生草处理相比,紫花苜蓿与长柔毛野豌豆生草处理可以显著提高0~20 c... 本研究选用多年生黑麦草、紫花苜蓿、高羊茅、长柔毛野豌豆4种功能草种,以清耕和自然生草作为对照,探究不同生草处理对果园土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明,与多年生黑麦草生草处理相比,紫花苜蓿与长柔毛野豌豆生草处理可以显著提高0~20 cm土层土壤总孔隙度和0~20 cm、21~40 cm土层田间持水量(P<0.05),显著降低0~20 cm土层土壤容重(P<0.05)。与处理前相比,2022年10月紫花苜蓿与长柔毛野豌豆生草处理的土壤有机质含量、全盐含量、碱解氮含量(0~20 cm土层)、有效钾含量(0~20 cm土层)显著提高(P<0.05),土壤pH(0~20 cm土层)显著降低(P<0.05)。因此,在干旱和半干旱地区可以选择苜蓿和长柔毛野豌豆进行果园生草处理。本研究结果为改良果园土壤,提高水果产量提供了理论依据。 展开更多
关键词 宁夏引黄灌区 果园生草 土壤 理化性质
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