The organization of the canonical genetic code needs to be thoroughly illuminated. Here we reorder the four nu- cleotides--adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine--according to their emergence in evolution, and apply t...The organization of the canonical genetic code needs to be thoroughly illuminated. Here we reorder the four nu- cleotides--adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine--according to their emergence in evolution, and apply the or- ganizational rules to devising an algebraic representation for the canonical genetic code. Under a framework of the devised code, we quantify codon and amino acid usages from a large collection of 917 prokaryotic genome sequences, and associate the usages with its intrinsic structure and classification schemes as well as amino acid physicochemical properties. Our results show that the algebraic representation of the code is structurally equiva- lent to a content-centric organization of the code and that codon and amino acid usages under different classifica- tion schemes were correlated closely with GC content, implying a set of rules governing composition dynamics across a wide variety of prokaryotic genome sequences. These results also indicate that codons and amino acids are not randomly allocated in the code, where the six-fold degenerate codons and their amino acids have important balancing roles for error minimization. Therefore, the content-centric code is of great usefulness in deciphering its hitherto unknown regularities as well as the dynamics of nucleotide, codon, and amino acid compositions.展开更多
As an important part in unique resources and capability of enterprises, organizational routines, on one hand, promote the success of enterprises, on the other hand, influence the future development of enterprises. Esp...As an important part in unique resources and capability of enterprises, organizational routines, on one hand, promote the success of enterprises, on the other hand, influence the future development of enterprises. Especially, organizational routines have the influences on the two factors of building up dynamic competitive advantages-strategic change and strategic flexibility and further influence the establishment of dynamic competitive advantages. This paper involves detailed analysis on the influences of organizational routines and on the approaches of establishing dynamic competitive advantages and puts forward the relevant countermeasures.展开更多
The co-evolution of social relationships and individual behavior in time and space has important implications, but is poorly understood because of the difficulty of closely tracking the everyday life of a com- plete c...The co-evolution of social relationships and individual behavior in time and space has important implications, but is poorly understood because of the difficulty of closely tracking the everyday life of a com- plete community. We offer evidence that relationships and behavior co-evolve in a student dormitory, based on monthly surveys and location tracking through resident cellular phones over a period of nine months. We demonstrate that a Markov jump process could capture the co-evolution in terms of the rates at which resi- dents visit places and friends. Our co-evolution model will be useful in bridging sensor networks data and organizational dynamics theories, simulating different ways to shape behavior and relationships, and turning mobile phone data into data products.展开更多
基金supported by a faculty fund from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (http://www.kaust.edu.sa) awarded to JY
文摘The organization of the canonical genetic code needs to be thoroughly illuminated. Here we reorder the four nu- cleotides--adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine--according to their emergence in evolution, and apply the or- ganizational rules to devising an algebraic representation for the canonical genetic code. Under a framework of the devised code, we quantify codon and amino acid usages from a large collection of 917 prokaryotic genome sequences, and associate the usages with its intrinsic structure and classification schemes as well as amino acid physicochemical properties. Our results show that the algebraic representation of the code is structurally equiva- lent to a content-centric organization of the code and that codon and amino acid usages under different classifica- tion schemes were correlated closely with GC content, implying a set of rules governing composition dynamics across a wide variety of prokaryotic genome sequences. These results also indicate that codons and amino acids are not randomly allocated in the code, where the six-fold degenerate codons and their amino acids have important balancing roles for error minimization. Therefore, the content-centric code is of great usefulness in deciphering its hitherto unknown regularities as well as the dynamics of nucleotide, codon, and amino acid compositions.
文摘As an important part in unique resources and capability of enterprises, organizational routines, on one hand, promote the success of enterprises, on the other hand, influence the future development of enterprises. Especially, organizational routines have the influences on the two factors of building up dynamic competitive advantages-strategic change and strategic flexibility and further influence the establishment of dynamic competitive advantages. This paper involves detailed analysis on the influences of organizational routines and on the approaches of establishing dynamic competitive advantages and puts forward the relevant countermeasures.
基金Supported by the Army Research Laboratory of USA (No.W911NF-09-2-0053)Air Force Office of Scientific Research of USA (No.FA9550-10-1-0122)Bruno Lepri's research is funded by PERSI project inside the Marie Curie Cofund 7th Framework
文摘The co-evolution of social relationships and individual behavior in time and space has important implications, but is poorly understood because of the difficulty of closely tracking the everyday life of a com- plete community. We offer evidence that relationships and behavior co-evolve in a student dormitory, based on monthly surveys and location tracking through resident cellular phones over a period of nine months. We demonstrate that a Markov jump process could capture the co-evolution in terms of the rates at which resi- dents visit places and friends. Our co-evolution model will be useful in bridging sensor networks data and organizational dynamics theories, simulating different ways to shape behavior and relationships, and turning mobile phone data into data products.
