The Congolese population is organised into households, which are thus headed by a chief who ensures the social well-being, development and integration into working life of the individuals in his charge. This study exa...The Congolese population is organised into households, which are thus headed by a chief who ensures the social well-being, development and integration into working life of the individuals in his charge. This study examines the functional principles of new housing design as an instrument for transforming the (current) failing economy into a strong and resilient one. Accordingly, a literature review of the practice of designing and building housing in human settlements in the Congo revealed the state of the art on this subject. An analysis of the existing housing stock from a demographic, social and economic point of view made it possible to identify the most common household sizes and numbers, as well as the lifestyle processes that determine the need for developed space. To this end, the experimental method was used to propose configuration plans for various new types of dwelling. To this end, the study highlighted the link between people’s standard of living and the effectiveness of their involvement in the local economy. To achieve the aims of the National Development Plan (NDP), particular attention must be paid to solving the housing problem. The existing housing stock actively contributes to the problems associated with unemployment and insecurity. Functional principles for the design of new types of housing have been developed. Four model types are proposed in line with the demographic structure of the population, their socio-economic characteristics and their lifestyle.展开更多
Both new plant type (NPT) and intersubspecific hybrid rice (IHR) had large sink size (total number of spikelets per m2), however, poor grain filling limited their potential in the grain yield. Compared to the three-li...Both new plant type (NPT) and intersubspecific hybrid rice (IHR) had large sink size (total number of spikelets per m2), however, poor grain filling limited their potential in the grain yield. Compared to the three-line indica hybrid of Shanyou 63 (CK), NPT and IHR showed higher photosynthetic potential,higher dry matter accumulation and higher ratio of dry weight to spikelets (total dry wt./total number of spikelets) from heading to harvest. But both exhibited a low export percentage and transfer ratio of assimilates, low partitioning of 14C to grains from labeled flag leaves, low harvest indices and low physiological activities (IAA content and activities of ATPase and starch synthase) of grains at early grainfilling stage. The physiological activities of grains at early filling stage were significantly correlated with the export percentage and transfer ratio of assimilates, ripened-grain percentage and grain plumpness (r = 0.85 *- 0.95* * ). The source-sink ratio (dry matter wt./spikelet and nonstructural carbohydrate/spikelet) at heading was positively correlated with physiological activities of grains (r = 0.84* - 0.97 * * ). It is suggested that low physiological activities of grains at early filling stage is attributed to low source-sink ratio at heading, and the low sink activity weakens the ability to remobilize assimilates into grains, and leads to poor grain filling in NPT and IHR.展开更多
Numerical simulation was used to estimate the temperature field within a poured concrete,mono-layer freezing-shaft lining.The affects from various factors were investigated.The maximum temperature within the lining in...Numerical simulation was used to estimate the temperature field within a poured concrete,mono-layer freezing-shaft lining.The affects from various factors were investigated.The maximum temperature within the lining increases as the lining thickness increases,decreases as the soil-side wall temperature decreases,decreases as the air temperature inside the shaft decreases and decreases as the air velocity inside the shaft increases.The compression speed of an insulating foam layer affects the maximum temperature difference between the interior and the sidewalls.The maximum temperature difference between the interior and the sidewalls approaches or exceeds the maximum allowable for the curing of poured concrete structures.Attention should be paid to the question of the lining cracking during the curing period.The temperature gradient in the vertical direction may be minimized by preventing air contact against the steel connection board supporting the base of the freshly poured section.展开更多
Objective A set of REE-rich clay rocks is formed at the top of the Emeishan basalt in the eastern Yunnan-Western Guizhou area,accompanied by Nb,Zr,Ga.It is a new type of REE deposit and has great resource potential.Th...Objective A set of REE-rich clay rocks is formed at the top of the Emeishan basalt in the eastern Yunnan-Western Guizhou area,accompanied by Nb,Zr,Ga.It is a new type of REE deposit and has great resource potential.This paper introduces its metallogenic conditions and element occurrence states,discusses the genetic mechanism.展开更多
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated protein(Cas) system has been widely used for genome editing. In this system, the cytosine base editor(CBE) and adenine base edit...The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated protein(Cas) system has been widely used for genome editing. In this system, the cytosine base editor(CBE) and adenine base editor(ABE) allow generating precise and irreversible base mutations in a programmable manner and have been used in many different types of cells and organisms. However, their applications are limited by low editing efficiency at certain genomic target sites or at specific target cytosine(C) or adenine(A) residues. Using a strategy of combining optimized synergistic core components, we developed a new multiplex super-assembled ABE(sABE) in rice that showed higher base-editing efficiency than previously developed ABEs. We also designed a new type of nuclear localization signal(NLS) comprising a FLAG epitope tag with four copies of a codon-optimized NLS(F4NLS^(r2)) to generate another ABE named F4NLS-sABE. This new NLS increased editing efficiency or edited additional A at several target sites. A new multiplex super-assembled CBE(sCBE) and F4NLS^(r2) involved F4NLS-sCBE were also created using the same strategy. F4NLS-sCBE was proven to be much more efficient than sCBE in rice. These optimized base editors will serve as powerful genome-editing tools for basic research or molecular breeding in rice and will provide a reference for the development of superior editing tools for other plants or animals.展开更多
Objective The Yubei area is located in the mid-east Maigaiti slope of southwestern Tarim Basin,China,with an exploration history of several years.Recent exploration has preliminarily indicated that the Ordovician carb...Objective The Yubei area is located in the mid-east Maigaiti slope of southwestern Tarim Basin,China,with an exploration history of several years.Recent exploration has preliminarily indicated that the Ordovician carbonate formations in this area have some oil and gas potential.Carbonate microfacies provides material basis for reservoir development,seal formation and展开更多
The major enrichment type of shale oil in the Chang 7_(3) shale of Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin is unknown.This paper analyzes the organic matter transformation ratio,hydrocarbon expulsion effi...The major enrichment type of shale oil in the Chang 7_(3) shale of Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin is unknown.This paper analyzes the organic matter transformation ratio,hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency and roof/floor sealing conditions of the Chang 7_(3) shale,and evaluates the major enrichment type of shale oil in this interval.The average organic matter transformation ratio of the Chang 7_(3) shale is about 45%;in other words,more than 50%of the organic matters have not transformed to hydrocarbons,and the lower the maturity,the greater the proportion of untransformed organic matters.The cumulative hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency of the transformed hydrocarbon is 27.5% on average,and the total proportion of untransformed organic matters plus retained hydrocarbons is greater than 70%.The relative hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency of the Chang 7_(3) shale is 60%on average,that is,about 40% of hydrocarbons retain in the shale.The Chang 7_(3) shale corresponds to Chang 7_(1+2) and Chang 8 sandstones as the roof and floor,respectively,and is further overlaid by Chang 6 shale,where extensive low porosity and low permeability–tight oil reservoirs have formed in the parts with relatively good porosity and permeability.Moreover,the Chang 7_(3) shale is tested to be in a negative pressure system(the pressure coefficient of 0.80–0.85).Therefore,the roof/floor sealing conditions of the Chang 7_(3) shale are poor.The retained hydrocarbons appear mostly in absorbed status,with low mobility.It is concluded that the medium–high mature shale oil is not the major enrichment type of shale oil in the Chang 7_(3) shale,but there may be enrichment opportunity for shale oil with good mobility in the areas where the sealing conditions are good without faults and fractures and oil reservoirs are formed off Chang 7_(1+2),Chang 6 and Chang 8.Furthermore,low–medium mature shale oil is believed to have great potential and is the major enrichment type of shale oil in the Chang 7_(3) shale.It is recommended to prepare relevant in-situ conversion technologies by pilot test and figure out the resource availability and distribution.展开更多
Objective: To replace the peripheral venous puncture for blood sampling with taking blood samples extracorporally from arterial line before predilution during RCA-CRRT performed. Methods: A new type of double-lumen fe...Objective: To replace the peripheral venous puncture for blood sampling with taking blood samples extracorporally from arterial line before predilution during RCA-CRRT performed. Methods: A new type of double-lumen femoral catheter was used instead of the current tubes. The new type of double-lumen tube had a greater distance from the inner venous ports to the inner arterial ports than current tubes. The minimum distance from the venous port to the arterial port was greatly lengthened. Replacement solution contained citrate, zero Ca<sup>2+</sup>, zero bicarbonate, low Na<sup>+</sup>. Blood samples were synchronously collected from the arterial line before the infusion of citrate replacement fluid and from the peripheral vein. The iCa concentration data of two groups were analyzed to observe the difference between iCa concentration levels in the arterial line and in peripheral vein;the anticoagulant effect of RCA and possible complications were observed, such as bleeding, clottings and hypocalcaemia. Results: 28 times of RCA-CRRT were performed on17 AKI and CRF patients with active bleeding or at the high risk of bleeding;336 blood samples were collected. Statistics showed that the difference of iCa concentration between arterial line group and the peripheral vein group was not significant (P = 0.9), there is a high degree of similarity between the iCa concentration of arterial line blood and the peripheral venous blood. None of the patients developed citrate toxicity or metabolic alkalosis. None induced bleeding, or bleeding aggravated. No obvious clotting occurred. Systemic calcium concentration was achieved in the ideal range. Conclusion: In clinical practice, the data of iCa concentration from arterial line can be used to replace that from peripheral vein when the new type of double-lumen femoral catheter is placed in femoral vein. RCA-CRRT therapy is safe and effective.展开更多
In this paper, a photoelectric signal obtained scheme via equator triangle pattern engraved on rotor is discussed and the mathematic model is deduced in the case which is deflexion between rotor axis and the coordinat...In this paper, a photoelectric signal obtained scheme via equator triangle pattern engraved on rotor is discussed and the mathematic model is deduced in the case which is deflexion between rotor axis and the coordinate frame of case. The deflexion error and coupling error under the situation are analyzed. Finally, three methods of engraving based on the spherical triangle pattern are presented. The error models of various methods are built up and the simulation curves are provided respectively. We have done the primary experiments on the surface of rotor using this method. It can be seen from the enlarged figures that the rim of the pattern is smooth and the demand of sensor resolution is satisfied by and large. The results of study supply reference for signal obtaining.展开更多
The discovery of new-type ore deposits, an important approach to guarantee the mineral resources supply in the 21st century, often brings about a gigantic increase in the mineral resources reserves. The analysis of mi...The discovery of new-type ore deposits, an important approach to guarantee the mineral resources supply in the 21st century, often brings about a gigantic increase in the mineral resources reserves. The analysis of mineralization system is of great importance to the discovery of new type ore deposits. ① The understanding of the relationship among various ore deposit types within a mineralization system in a region can help us to locate the unknown ore deposit types from the known ore deposit types, evidence that has been proved in the mineral prospecting history of ore belts in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China. ② The understanding of the spatial structure of a mineralization system, especially of the vertical zonation, is helpful for the discovery of the concealed ore deposit types. ③ Clarifying the temporal structure of a mineralization system, including the iteration relationship between the mineral deposit types in the mineralization, leads to the location of the missing mineralization chains from the known mineralization chains (mineral deposit type), a method often proved to be effective in the magmatic hydrothermal mineralization system.④ Clarifying the factors restraining the diversity of mineral deposit types in mineralization system leads to the discovery of the potential of new type mineral deposits in relevant region. ⑤ Studying new mineralization setting and new ore forming processes leads to discovery of new type mineral deposit. More probabilities of discovery of new type mineral deposits are present in biogenic mineralization system, deep sea mineralization system, low temperature mineralization system, tectonic mineralization system and superimposed mineralization system.展开更多
AIM: To achieve a better understanding of the pathogenesis of new type gosling viral enteritis virus (NGVEV) and the relationship between NGVEV and host cells. METHODS: The apoptosis of duck embryo fibroblasts (DEF) i...AIM: To achieve a better understanding of the pathogenesis of new type gosling viral enteritis virus (NGVEV) and the relationship between NGVEV and host cells. METHODS: The apoptosis of duck embryo fibroblasts (DEF) induced by NGVEV was investigated by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) and fluorescence microscope after the cells were stained with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI). RESULTS: By staining cells with a combination of fluorescein annexin V-FITC and PI, it is possible to distinguish and quantitatively analyze non-apoptotic cells (Annexin V-FITC negative/PI negative), early apoptotic cells (Annexin V-FITC positive/PI negative), late apoptotic/necrotic cells (Annexin V-FITC positive/ PI positive) and dead cells (Annexin V-FITC negative/PI positive) through flow cytometry and fluorescence microscope. The percentage of apoptotic cells increased with the incubation time and reached a maximum at 120 h after infection, while the percentage of non- apoptotic cells decreased.展开更多
The South China Sea (SCS), in particular the northern SCS, is one of ocean areas where energetic internal solitary waves (ISWs)occur most frequently (Cai et al., 2012; Zheng, 2017). Based on the re-appearance period (...The South China Sea (SCS), in particular the northern SCS, is one of ocean areas where energetic internal solitary waves (ISWs)occur most frequently (Cai et al., 2012; Zheng, 2017). Based on the re-appearance period (RP) at an observation station, Ramp et al.(2004) divided the ISWs into two types:Type-a and Type-b. Type-a ISWs arrive regularly at the same time every day, i.e., the RP is about 24 h, and Type-b ISWs arrive about one hour late every day, i.e., the RP is about 25 h. The discovery of the Types-a and b展开更多
Based on regional differences,differences in the content and scale of economic activities,we analyze different levels of rural financial needs in China,using the system analysis method.Different types of financial nee...Based on regional differences,differences in the content and scale of economic activities,we analyze different levels of rural financial needs in China,using the system analysis method.Different types of financial need subject have characteristics of diversity and hierarchy in terms of financial needs,in need of different credit patterns and credit mechanisms for satisfaction.Based on this,we position the differentiated development of new rural financial organizations as follows:village and town banks should be established in the central and west regions and counties with the proportion of primary industry higher than the national average,to actively innovate upon loan types,support maintenance-oriented farmers, market-oriented farmers and small and medium-sized agriculture-related enterprises;loan companies and small loan companies can be established in the regions with the potential for development,lacking collaboration between economy and finance,to constantly explore the loan types and innovate upon the loan patterns for self-employed households,micro-enterprises and farmers;it is appropriate to establish rural credit union in the poverty-stricken areas with sluggish economic development and relatively isolated remote areas,to provide services for farmers and micro-enterprises, especially impoverished farmers,provide the business such as deposits,loans,and settlement for members,actively carry out business consulting services for members'poverty alleviation and income increase.展开更多
New type professional farmers are farmers who possess certain resources and capitals,have certain extent of spirit of entrepreneurship,and are fully capable of obtaining and allocating resources related to agricultura...New type professional farmers are farmers who possess certain resources and capitals,have certain extent of spirit of entrepreneurship,and are fully capable of obtaining and allocating resources related to agricultural production and management,and engaged in agricultural production and management for obtaining average profit.Cultivation of new type professional farmers should be promoted in the process and at the background of"coordinated development of industrialization,informationization,urbanization and agricultural modernization".It should establish a proper cultivation subject system consisting of government,enterprises,rural communities and nonprofit organizations.Relying on multiple motive forces,efforts should be concentrated on cultivating those farmers with enterprising,highly innovative and learning ability,to guide traditional farmers to change into learning,enterprising and innovative ones.In addition,cultivation of new type professional farmers must rely on farmer education and training,modern agricultural development,increase in agricultural comparative advantage,innovation of rural management system and mechanism,multiple types of agricultural operation on a fairly large scale,as well as construction and regulation of new rural communities.Finally,it is recommended to provide system guarantee from long-term input mechanism of new type professional farmer education and training,incentive and restrictive mechanism of new type professional farmer cultivation,and construction of favorable environment for agricultural entrepreneurship.展开更多
Based on the basic formula of the confidence interval and the sampling error of mathematical statistics, the mathematical statistics method of evaluating application effects of a new type of gas anchor was given in th...Based on the basic formula of the confidence interval and the sampling error of mathematical statistics, the mathematical statistics method of evaluating application effects of a new type of gas anchor was given in this paper. By the method mentioned above, the confidence interval and the sampling errors of the relevant mean value differences of Daqing Oilfield S block’s 150 wells, according to the mean value differences of the liquid producing capacity per day, the oil production per day, the submergence depth of the 10 sampling test wells, in which before and after a new type of gas anchor were laid down, were calculated. The calculation results show that a new type of gas anchor has a better effect of increasing oil production of oil well and enhancing pump efficiency. Through the real value differences analysis of the liquid producing capacity per day, the oil production per day, the submergence depth of 150 wells mentioned above, in which before and after a new type of gas anchor were laid down, it was verified. By using the confidence interval and the sampling errors of the liquid producing capacity per day, the oil production per day, the submergence depth mentioned above, in which before and after a new type of gas anchor were laid down, the application effects of a new type of gas anchor could be evaluated. And a mathematical statistics method of evaluation application effects of a new type of gas anchor is presented.展开更多
Staphylococcus aureus typing using gene encoding protein A (spa typing) seems to have a high potential discriminatory power for typing this bacterium. This study was designed based on spa typing method to compare the ...Staphylococcus aureus typing using gene encoding protein A (spa typing) seems to have a high potential discriminatory power for typing this bacterium. This study was designed based on spa typing method to compare the S. aureus types among healthy carrier vs patients, and MRSA vs MSSA isolates. Method: This study was carried out on 182 spa typeable S. aureus isolates, including 52 MRSA. DNA was extracted by phenol chloroform-isoamyl alcohol method and it was amplified by specific primer of polymorphic X region of spa. Spa types were determined by Ridom Staph Type software. The spa types distribution among MRSA vs MSSA and healthy carrier vs patients, isolates were statistically compared by X2 method and P < 0.05 was considered as significant. Result: The most common types of spa in our region were t037 (18.3%) and t937 (13.9%) from 50 spa types which were identified in this study. spa types in this study were isolated from various age groups but t660 spa types were only isolated from children. Distribution of all spa types among MRSA and MSSA isolates was 16 and 38 types, respectively which is significant. In this study we found seven new spa types (belong to twelve isolates) which are reported for the first time. In 5 out of the above 7 new types the 24 bp repeated sequences in spa gene X region were already recognized but their 24 bp arrangement is introduced in our present investigation. In the remaining 2 new types we found new 24 bp nucleotide sequences which are also introduced for the first time in our present study. Conclusion: The distribution of spa types in MSSA strains was significantly higher than MRSA isolates, but there are not any specific spa types for discrimination between MRSA and MSSA. The novelty of our study is the introducing 7 new spa types including 2 new 24 bp repeated sequences in the X region of spa gene.展开更多
Recently Yang,Chu,and Han [Phys.Rev.A 70 (2004) 022329] presented a new type of multipartiteentangled states for implementing efficient many-party controlled teleportation of multiqubit quantum information.Herewe prop...Recently Yang,Chu,and Han [Phys.Rev.A 70 (2004) 022329] presented a new type of multipartiteentangled states for implementing efficient many-party controlled teleportation of multiqubit quantum information.Herewe propose a simple scheme for preparing such a type of multi-atom entangled states in cavity quantum electrodynamics(QED).The scheme involves atom-cavity interaction with large detuning,and is immune to the cavity decay and thethermal field states.Some practical analyses show its availability with the present technology.展开更多
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China( CPC),with the help of state policies,the new types of agricultural businesses have been flourishing. As one of the important forces of new types of agr...Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China( CPC),with the help of state policies,the new types of agricultural businesses have been flourishing. As one of the important forces of new types of agricultural businesses,the farmer's specialized cooperatives grow up rapidly in the development of the rural economy because of their characteristics which are consistent with the current rural economy. financial management is the core of the operation of farmer cooperatives,which directly affects the long-term sustainable development of cooperatives. Through the survey and analysis of the financial management of many farmers' cooperatives in Wei County,Hebei Province,this paper puts forward the deficiencies in the existing financial management of cooperatives. It also brings some reasonable suggestions to regulate and improve the financial management of cooperatives,in order to enhance the market competitiveness of farmers' cooperatives and realize better sustainable development of farmers' cooperatives.展开更多
文摘The Congolese population is organised into households, which are thus headed by a chief who ensures the social well-being, development and integration into working life of the individuals in his charge. This study examines the functional principles of new housing design as an instrument for transforming the (current) failing economy into a strong and resilient one. Accordingly, a literature review of the practice of designing and building housing in human settlements in the Congo revealed the state of the art on this subject. An analysis of the existing housing stock from a demographic, social and economic point of view made it possible to identify the most common household sizes and numbers, as well as the lifestyle processes that determine the need for developed space. To this end, the experimental method was used to propose configuration plans for various new types of dwelling. To this end, the study highlighted the link between people’s standard of living and the effectiveness of their involvement in the local economy. To achieve the aims of the National Development Plan (NDP), particular attention must be paid to solving the housing problem. The existing housing stock actively contributes to the problems associated with unemployment and insecurity. Functional principles for the design of new types of housing have been developed. Four model types are proposed in line with the demographic structure of the population, their socio-economic characteristics and their lifestyle.
文摘Both new plant type (NPT) and intersubspecific hybrid rice (IHR) had large sink size (total number of spikelets per m2), however, poor grain filling limited their potential in the grain yield. Compared to the three-line indica hybrid of Shanyou 63 (CK), NPT and IHR showed higher photosynthetic potential,higher dry matter accumulation and higher ratio of dry weight to spikelets (total dry wt./total number of spikelets) from heading to harvest. But both exhibited a low export percentage and transfer ratio of assimilates, low partitioning of 14C to grains from labeled flag leaves, low harvest indices and low physiological activities (IAA content and activities of ATPase and starch synthase) of grains at early grainfilling stage. The physiological activities of grains at early filling stage were significantly correlated with the export percentage and transfer ratio of assimilates, ripened-grain percentage and grain plumpness (r = 0.85 *- 0.95* * ). The source-sink ratio (dry matter wt./spikelet and nonstructural carbohydrate/spikelet) at heading was positively correlated with physiological activities of grains (r = 0.84* - 0.97 * * ). It is suggested that low physiological activities of grains at early filling stage is attributed to low source-sink ratio at heading, and the low sink activity weakens the ability to remobilize assimilates into grains, and leads to poor grain filling in NPT and IHR.
基金provided by the Office of National Science and Technology (No.2006BAB16B01)the Physics Program of the Henan Province Education Department (No.2009B 560004)the Doctoral Fund of Henan Polytechnic University (No.648234)
文摘Numerical simulation was used to estimate the temperature field within a poured concrete,mono-layer freezing-shaft lining.The affects from various factors were investigated.The maximum temperature within the lining increases as the lining thickness increases,decreases as the soil-side wall temperature decreases,decreases as the air temperature inside the shaft decreases and decreases as the air velocity inside the shaft increases.The compression speed of an insulating foam layer affects the maximum temperature difference between the interior and the sidewalls.The maximum temperature difference between the interior and the sidewalls approaches or exceeds the maximum allowable for the curing of poured concrete structures.Attention should be paid to the question of the lining cracking during the curing period.The temperature gradient in the vertical direction may be minimized by preventing air contact against the steel connection board supporting the base of the freshly poured section.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.41602120)CGS Geological survey project(grant No.DD20189507).
文摘Objective A set of REE-rich clay rocks is formed at the top of the Emeishan basalt in the eastern Yunnan-Western Guizhou area,accompanied by Nb,Zr,Ga.It is a new type of REE deposit and has great resource potential.This paper introduces its metallogenic conditions and element occurrence states,discusses the genetic mechanism.
基金supported by the Beijing Scholars Program[BSP041]。
文摘The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated protein(Cas) system has been widely used for genome editing. In this system, the cytosine base editor(CBE) and adenine base editor(ABE) allow generating precise and irreversible base mutations in a programmable manner and have been used in many different types of cells and organisms. However, their applications are limited by low editing efficiency at certain genomic target sites or at specific target cytosine(C) or adenine(A) residues. Using a strategy of combining optimized synergistic core components, we developed a new multiplex super-assembled ABE(sABE) in rice that showed higher base-editing efficiency than previously developed ABEs. We also designed a new type of nuclear localization signal(NLS) comprising a FLAG epitope tag with four copies of a codon-optimized NLS(F4NLS^(r2)) to generate another ABE named F4NLS-sABE. This new NLS increased editing efficiency or edited additional A at several target sites. A new multiplex super-assembled CBE(sCBE) and F4NLS^(r2) involved F4NLS-sCBE were also created using the same strategy. F4NLS-sCBE was proven to be much more efficient than sCBE in rice. These optimized base editors will serve as powerful genome-editing tools for basic research or molecular breeding in rice and will provide a reference for the development of superior editing tools for other plants or animals.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.41572117)Technological&Developmental Department of China Petroleum&Chemical Corporation(grants No.P13040 and P14128)China Geological Survey(grant No.DD20160175-1-1)
文摘Objective The Yubei area is located in the mid-east Maigaiti slope of southwestern Tarim Basin,China,with an exploration history of several years.Recent exploration has preliminarily indicated that the Ordovician carbonate formations in this area have some oil and gas potential.Carbonate microfacies provides material basis for reservoir development,seal formation and
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22B6004).
文摘The major enrichment type of shale oil in the Chang 7_(3) shale of Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin is unknown.This paper analyzes the organic matter transformation ratio,hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency and roof/floor sealing conditions of the Chang 7_(3) shale,and evaluates the major enrichment type of shale oil in this interval.The average organic matter transformation ratio of the Chang 7_(3) shale is about 45%;in other words,more than 50%of the organic matters have not transformed to hydrocarbons,and the lower the maturity,the greater the proportion of untransformed organic matters.The cumulative hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency of the transformed hydrocarbon is 27.5% on average,and the total proportion of untransformed organic matters plus retained hydrocarbons is greater than 70%.The relative hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency of the Chang 7_(3) shale is 60%on average,that is,about 40% of hydrocarbons retain in the shale.The Chang 7_(3) shale corresponds to Chang 7_(1+2) and Chang 8 sandstones as the roof and floor,respectively,and is further overlaid by Chang 6 shale,where extensive low porosity and low permeability–tight oil reservoirs have formed in the parts with relatively good porosity and permeability.Moreover,the Chang 7_(3) shale is tested to be in a negative pressure system(the pressure coefficient of 0.80–0.85).Therefore,the roof/floor sealing conditions of the Chang 7_(3) shale are poor.The retained hydrocarbons appear mostly in absorbed status,with low mobility.It is concluded that the medium–high mature shale oil is not the major enrichment type of shale oil in the Chang 7_(3) shale,but there may be enrichment opportunity for shale oil with good mobility in the areas where the sealing conditions are good without faults and fractures and oil reservoirs are formed off Chang 7_(1+2),Chang 6 and Chang 8.Furthermore,low–medium mature shale oil is believed to have great potential and is the major enrichment type of shale oil in the Chang 7_(3) shale.It is recommended to prepare relevant in-situ conversion technologies by pilot test and figure out the resource availability and distribution.
文摘Objective: To replace the peripheral venous puncture for blood sampling with taking blood samples extracorporally from arterial line before predilution during RCA-CRRT performed. Methods: A new type of double-lumen femoral catheter was used instead of the current tubes. The new type of double-lumen tube had a greater distance from the inner venous ports to the inner arterial ports than current tubes. The minimum distance from the venous port to the arterial port was greatly lengthened. Replacement solution contained citrate, zero Ca<sup>2+</sup>, zero bicarbonate, low Na<sup>+</sup>. Blood samples were synchronously collected from the arterial line before the infusion of citrate replacement fluid and from the peripheral vein. The iCa concentration data of two groups were analyzed to observe the difference between iCa concentration levels in the arterial line and in peripheral vein;the anticoagulant effect of RCA and possible complications were observed, such as bleeding, clottings and hypocalcaemia. Results: 28 times of RCA-CRRT were performed on17 AKI and CRF patients with active bleeding or at the high risk of bleeding;336 blood samples were collected. Statistics showed that the difference of iCa concentration between arterial line group and the peripheral vein group was not significant (P = 0.9), there is a high degree of similarity between the iCa concentration of arterial line blood and the peripheral venous blood. None of the patients developed citrate toxicity or metabolic alkalosis. None induced bleeding, or bleeding aggravated. No obvious clotting occurred. Systemic calcium concentration was achieved in the ideal range. Conclusion: In clinical practice, the data of iCa concentration from arterial line can be used to replace that from peripheral vein when the new type of double-lumen femoral catheter is placed in femoral vein. RCA-CRRT therapy is safe and effective.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 40773038)Geological Exploration Project Office of Inner Mongolia (05-1-TK01)the Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences(K0714)
文摘In this paper, a photoelectric signal obtained scheme via equator triangle pattern engraved on rotor is discussed and the mathematic model is deduced in the case which is deflexion between rotor axis and the coordinate frame of case. The deflexion error and coupling error under the situation are analyzed. Finally, three methods of engraving based on the spherical triangle pattern are presented. The error models of various methods are built up and the simulation curves are provided respectively. We have done the primary experiments on the surface of rotor using this method. It can be seen from the enlarged figures that the rim of the pattern is smooth and the demand of sensor resolution is satisfied by and large. The results of study supply reference for signal obtaining.
文摘The discovery of new-type ore deposits, an important approach to guarantee the mineral resources supply in the 21st century, often brings about a gigantic increase in the mineral resources reserves. The analysis of mineralization system is of great importance to the discovery of new type ore deposits. ① The understanding of the relationship among various ore deposit types within a mineralization system in a region can help us to locate the unknown ore deposit types from the known ore deposit types, evidence that has been proved in the mineral prospecting history of ore belts in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China. ② The understanding of the spatial structure of a mineralization system, especially of the vertical zonation, is helpful for the discovery of the concealed ore deposit types. ③ Clarifying the temporal structure of a mineralization system, including the iteration relationship between the mineral deposit types in the mineralization, leads to the location of the missing mineralization chains from the known mineralization chains (mineral deposit type), a method often proved to be effective in the magmatic hydrothermal mineralization system.④ Clarifying the factors restraining the diversity of mineral deposit types in mineralization system leads to the discovery of the potential of new type mineral deposits in relevant region. ⑤ Studying new mineralization setting and new ore forming processes leads to discovery of new type mineral deposit. More probabilities of discovery of new type mineral deposits are present in biogenic mineralization system, deep sea mineralization system, low temperature mineralization system, tectonic mineralization system and superimposed mineralization system.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 39970561The Key Projects in the National Science and Technology Pillar Program, 2007Z06-017+2 种基金Program for New Century Excellent Talents from Universities, Chinese Ministry of Education, No. NCET-04-0906/NCET-06-0818Fund of the Discipline Leaders of Sichuan Province, No. SZD0418Culture Fund for Excellent Doctoral Dissertations of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2008scybpy-1
文摘AIM: To achieve a better understanding of the pathogenesis of new type gosling viral enteritis virus (NGVEV) and the relationship between NGVEV and host cells. METHODS: The apoptosis of duck embryo fibroblasts (DEF) induced by NGVEV was investigated by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) and fluorescence microscope after the cells were stained with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI). RESULTS: By staining cells with a combination of fluorescein annexin V-FITC and PI, it is possible to distinguish and quantitatively analyze non-apoptotic cells (Annexin V-FITC negative/PI negative), early apoptotic cells (Annexin V-FITC positive/PI negative), late apoptotic/necrotic cells (Annexin V-FITC positive/ PI positive) and dead cells (Annexin V-FITC negative/PI positive) through flow cytometry and fluorescence microscope. The percentage of apoptotic cells increased with the incubation time and reached a maximum at 120 h after infection, while the percentage of non- apoptotic cells decreased.
基金The National Science and Technology Major Project of China under contract No.2016ZX05057015the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41376038 and 40406009+3 种基金the NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers of China under contract No.U1606405the National Program on Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction of China under contract Nos GASI-03-01-01-02,GASI-02-IND-STSsum and GASI-IPOVAI-01-05the Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ocean of China under contract No.200905024the National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Projects of China under contract No.2012YQ12003908
文摘The South China Sea (SCS), in particular the northern SCS, is one of ocean areas where energetic internal solitary waves (ISWs)occur most frequently (Cai et al., 2012; Zheng, 2017). Based on the re-appearance period (RP) at an observation station, Ramp et al.(2004) divided the ISWs into two types:Type-a and Type-b. Type-a ISWs arrive regularly at the same time every day, i.e., the RP is about 24 h, and Type-b ISWs arrive about one hour late every day, i.e., the RP is about 25 h. The discovery of the Types-a and b
基金Supported by the National Social Science Foundation Youth Project(11CJY048)
文摘Based on regional differences,differences in the content and scale of economic activities,we analyze different levels of rural financial needs in China,using the system analysis method.Different types of financial need subject have characteristics of diversity and hierarchy in terms of financial needs,in need of different credit patterns and credit mechanisms for satisfaction.Based on this,we position the differentiated development of new rural financial organizations as follows:village and town banks should be established in the central and west regions and counties with the proportion of primary industry higher than the national average,to actively innovate upon loan types,support maintenance-oriented farmers, market-oriented farmers and small and medium-sized agriculture-related enterprises;loan companies and small loan companies can be established in the regions with the potential for development,lacking collaboration between economy and finance,to constantly explore the loan types and innovate upon the loan patterns for self-employed households,micro-enterprises and farmers;it is appropriate to establish rural credit union in the poverty-stricken areas with sluggish economic development and relatively isolated remote areas,to provide services for farmers and micro-enterprises, especially impoverished farmers,provide the business such as deposits,loans,and settlement for members,actively carry out business consulting services for members'poverty alleviation and income increase.
基金Supported by Key Project of National Social Science Foundation(10AGL007&12ASH004)Key Project of Ministry of Education(DFA100209)+2 种基金Ph.D.Foundation Project of Southwest University(SWU1209338)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in 2013(SWU1309315)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in 2009(SWU0909629)
文摘New type professional farmers are farmers who possess certain resources and capitals,have certain extent of spirit of entrepreneurship,and are fully capable of obtaining and allocating resources related to agricultural production and management,and engaged in agricultural production and management for obtaining average profit.Cultivation of new type professional farmers should be promoted in the process and at the background of"coordinated development of industrialization,informationization,urbanization and agricultural modernization".It should establish a proper cultivation subject system consisting of government,enterprises,rural communities and nonprofit organizations.Relying on multiple motive forces,efforts should be concentrated on cultivating those farmers with enterprising,highly innovative and learning ability,to guide traditional farmers to change into learning,enterprising and innovative ones.In addition,cultivation of new type professional farmers must rely on farmer education and training,modern agricultural development,increase in agricultural comparative advantage,innovation of rural management system and mechanism,multiple types of agricultural operation on a fairly large scale,as well as construction and regulation of new rural communities.Finally,it is recommended to provide system guarantee from long-term input mechanism of new type professional farmer education and training,incentive and restrictive mechanism of new type professional farmer cultivation,and construction of favorable environment for agricultural entrepreneurship.
文摘Based on the basic formula of the confidence interval and the sampling error of mathematical statistics, the mathematical statistics method of evaluating application effects of a new type of gas anchor was given in this paper. By the method mentioned above, the confidence interval and the sampling errors of the relevant mean value differences of Daqing Oilfield S block’s 150 wells, according to the mean value differences of the liquid producing capacity per day, the oil production per day, the submergence depth of the 10 sampling test wells, in which before and after a new type of gas anchor were laid down, were calculated. The calculation results show that a new type of gas anchor has a better effect of increasing oil production of oil well and enhancing pump efficiency. Through the real value differences analysis of the liquid producing capacity per day, the oil production per day, the submergence depth of 150 wells mentioned above, in which before and after a new type of gas anchor were laid down, it was verified. By using the confidence interval and the sampling errors of the liquid producing capacity per day, the oil production per day, the submergence depth mentioned above, in which before and after a new type of gas anchor were laid down, the application effects of a new type of gas anchor could be evaluated. And a mathematical statistics method of evaluation application effects of a new type of gas anchor is presented.
文摘Staphylococcus aureus typing using gene encoding protein A (spa typing) seems to have a high potential discriminatory power for typing this bacterium. This study was designed based on spa typing method to compare the S. aureus types among healthy carrier vs patients, and MRSA vs MSSA isolates. Method: This study was carried out on 182 spa typeable S. aureus isolates, including 52 MRSA. DNA was extracted by phenol chloroform-isoamyl alcohol method and it was amplified by specific primer of polymorphic X region of spa. Spa types were determined by Ridom Staph Type software. The spa types distribution among MRSA vs MSSA and healthy carrier vs patients, isolates were statistically compared by X2 method and P < 0.05 was considered as significant. Result: The most common types of spa in our region were t037 (18.3%) and t937 (13.9%) from 50 spa types which were identified in this study. spa types in this study were isolated from various age groups but t660 spa types were only isolated from children. Distribution of all spa types among MRSA and MSSA isolates was 16 and 38 types, respectively which is significant. In this study we found seven new spa types (belong to twelve isolates) which are reported for the first time. In 5 out of the above 7 new types the 24 bp repeated sequences in spa gene X region were already recognized but their 24 bp arrangement is introduced in our present investigation. In the remaining 2 new types we found new 24 bp nucleotide sequences which are also introduced for the first time in our present study. Conclusion: The distribution of spa types in MSSA strains was significantly higher than MRSA isolates, but there are not any specific spa types for discrimination between MRSA and MSSA. The novelty of our study is the introducing 7 new spa types including 2 new 24 bp repeated sequences in the X region of spa gene.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province under Grant No.06JJ5015the Scientific Research Fund of the Education Department of Hunan Province under Grant No.06C354
文摘Recently Yang,Chu,and Han [Phys.Rev.A 70 (2004) 022329] presented a new type of multipartiteentangled states for implementing efficient many-party controlled teleportation of multiqubit quantum information.Herewe propose a simple scheme for preparing such a type of multi-atom entangled states in cavity quantum electrodynamics(QED).The scheme involves atom-cavity interaction with large detuning,and is immune to the cavity decay and thethermal field states.Some practical analyses show its availability with the present technology.
基金Supported by Tender Project of Agricultural University of Hebei Province(ZB201702)Research on Mechanism Innovation and Path Selection of Precise Poverty Alleviation-Based on Survey of 62 Poor Counties in Hebei Province&Social Science Fund Bidding Project of Agricultural University of Hebei Province in 2017(2016JD02)+3 种基金Research on Model and Mechanism Innovation of Industrial Precision Poverty Alleviation&Hebei Social Science Foundation Project(HB15GL072)Research on Innovative Path of Cultivating Mechanism of New Professional Farmers in Yanshan-Taihang Mountain Area under the Coordinated Development of Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei&Key Project of Hebei Provincial Department of Education(SD151020)Cultivation of New Professional Farmers in Hebei Province-Research on Concept,Mechanism and Path Innovation&Baoding Social Science Union Project(201501017)Research on Cultivation of New Professional Farmers in Yanshan-Taihang Mountain Area and Integration of "Two New"-Based on the View of Coordinated Development of Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei
文摘Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China( CPC),with the help of state policies,the new types of agricultural businesses have been flourishing. As one of the important forces of new types of agricultural businesses,the farmer's specialized cooperatives grow up rapidly in the development of the rural economy because of their characteristics which are consistent with the current rural economy. financial management is the core of the operation of farmer cooperatives,which directly affects the long-term sustainable development of cooperatives. Through the survey and analysis of the financial management of many farmers' cooperatives in Wei County,Hebei Province,this paper puts forward the deficiencies in the existing financial management of cooperatives. It also brings some reasonable suggestions to regulate and improve the financial management of cooperatives,in order to enhance the market competitiveness of farmers' cooperatives and realize better sustainable development of farmers' cooperatives.
