Syneilesis aconitifolia is a potential ground cover and decorative material in gardens,which exhibits a strong salt-alkali tolerance,and also has medicinal value.In this study,the arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi commu...Syneilesis aconitifolia is a potential ground cover and decorative material in gardens,which exhibits a strong salt-alkali tolerance,and also has medicinal value.In this study,the arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi community in the soil surrounding S.aconitifolia roots in the Songnen saline-alkali grassland was used as the inoculation medium for a pot cultivation experiment.After normal culture for 90 days,NaCl and NaHCO_(3) solutions were applied to subject plants to salt or alkali stress.Solution concentrations of 50,100,and 200 mmol/L were applied for 10 days,and mycorrhizal colonization,biomass,relative water content(RWC),chlorophyll concentration,malondialdehyde(MDA)concentration,antioxidant system activity,and osmomodulator concentration were determined to identify the effects of AM fungi on root colonization status and salinity tolerance in S.aconitifolia.There were three key results.(1)Compared to the controls,the intensity and rate of colonization decreased under saline-alkali stress,and the adaptability of AM fungi under low concentration alkali stress was higher than that under salt stress.(2)The AM fungi could increase the biomass,RWC,and chlorophyll concentration,and decrease the MDA concentration of S.aconitifolia to some extent.With an increase in the salt or alkali solution concentration,AM fungi not only upregulated the activity of the antioxidant system,but also increased the concentration of osmotic regulatory substances.(3)A multivariate analysis of variance(ANOVA)and radar map analysis showed that the mechanisms of resistance to salt and alkali stress were not the same in S.aconitifolia.In the salt treatment,AM fungi mainly regulated salt stress through osmotic regulatory substances such as soluble sugars,soluble proteins,and proline.In the alkali treatment,AM fungi mainly regulated alkali stress through glutathione(GSH),soluble sugars,and MDA.The results showed that the colonization rate of S.aconitifolia under low concentration alkali stress was higher than that under salt stress,and the inoculation of AM fungi could significantly reduce the MDA concentration of S.aconitifolia plants under salinity and alkali stress,and improve the antioxidant enzyme activity and osmoregulatory substance accumulation,thereby improving the salinity tolerance of S.aconitifolia.展开更多
The kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus is one of the most commercially important shrimp species in the world.Low salinity would aff ect the penetration and immunity,and even led to its death of the shrimp.However,li...The kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus is one of the most commercially important shrimp species in the world.Low salinity would aff ect the penetration and immunity,and even led to its death of the shrimp.However,little is known about the molecular mechanism of the effect.Therefore,hepatopancreas of M.japonicus reared under low-salinity stress for 6,12,24,48,and 96 h was analyzed and the results were compared with that of the control group using transcriptomics.After removing reads containing adapters,88890960-1051300444 clean reads were generated from 10 libraries in the control group and experimental group.Compared with the control group,811,589,1095,745,and 875 diff erentially expressed genes were obtained in the five treatment groups.The N50 and N90 lengths of the transcripts were 1746 bp and 436 bp,respectively.The top 20 gene ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways associated with the diff erentially expressed genes were related mainly to osmotic regulation(ion exchange,lipid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism),immune regulation(cellular and humoral immunity),chitin metabolism,and related functions.The diff erential expression patterns of nine randomly selected genes were confi rmed by quantitative real-time PCR.This is the fi rst report of osmotic regulation-related genes that are diff erentially expressed under low-salinity stress in the hepatopancreas of M.japonicus.Furthermore,we found that M.japonicus initiated its own immune regulation under low-salinity stress.These results will help elucidating the mechanism of osmotic regulation and immune responses in this shrimp species.展开更多
Herbaceous peony is an ornamental plant with medicinal properties. Waterlogging can affect its yield and quality as it grows and matures. In this study, we subjected “Taohuafeixue”, “Yangfeichuyu” and “Hongxiuqiu...Herbaceous peony is an ornamental plant with medicinal properties. Waterlogging can affect its yield and quality as it grows and matures. In this study, we subjected “Taohuafeixue”, “Yangfeichuyu” and “Hongxiuqiu” herbaceous peony varieties to a simulated waterlogging stress treatment and investigated the effects of waterlogging on their physiological characteristics and the secondary metabolite contents in their leaves and roots. Short-term waterlogging caused the leaves to turn yellow or red and the roots to turn black. The stele and the cell wall of the endothelial cells thickened, and the cortical cells enlarged. Waterlogging did not significantly change plant height, leaf length, <span style="font-family:Verdana;">and leaf area;however, it significantly decreased the root-shoot ratio of</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> “Yang</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">feichuyu” and “Hongxiuqiu” varieties. The activity of antioxidant enzymes</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and the content of osmotic regulators increased under waterlogging. After short-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">term waterlogging stress treatment, the content of paeoniflorin and albiflorin increased in the roots of “Taohuafeixue” and “Yangfeichuyu”, and the content of benzoylpaeoniflorin increased in the root of “Hongxiuqiu”</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The content of gallic acid and total flavonoids increased in the leaves of “Taohuafeixue” and “Yangfeichuyu”. After the waterlogging, paeoniflorin and benzoylpaeoniflorin increased in the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">autumn root of “Hongxiuqiu”.</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">This study expands our knowledge about the medicinal properties of herbaceous peony and informs about its production and cultivation under waterlogged conditions.</span>展开更多
The physiological processes involved in adaptation to osmotic pressure in euryhaline crustaceans are highly energy demanding,but the effects of dietary lipids(fat)on low salinity adaptations have not been well evaluat...The physiological processes involved in adaptation to osmotic pressure in euryhaline crustaceans are highly energy demanding,but the effects of dietary lipids(fat)on low salinity adaptations have not been well evaluated.In the present study,a total of 120 mud crabs(Scylla paramamosain,BW=17.87±1.49 g)were fed control and high-fat(HF)diets,at both medium salinity(23‰)and low salinity(4‰)for 6 wk,and each treatment had 3 replicates with each replicate containing 10 crabs.The results indicated that a HF diet significantly mitigated the reduction in survival rate,percent weight gain and feed efficiency induced by low salinity(P<0.05).Low salinity lowered lipogenesis and activated lipolysis resulting in lipid depletion in the hepatopancreas of mud crabs(P<0.05).Thus,HF diets enhanced the process of lipolysis to supply more energy.In the gills,low salinity and the HF diet increased the levels of mitochondrial biogenesis markers,the activity of mitochondrial complexes,and the expression levels of genes related to energy metabolism(P<0.05).Consequently,the positive effects of the HF diet on energy metabolism in mud crabs at low salinity promoted osmotic pressure regulation.Specifically,significantly higher haemolymph osmotic pressure and inorganic ion content,as well as higher osmotic pressure regulatory enzyme activity in gills,and gene and protein expression levels of NaK-ATPase were observed in crabs fed the HF diet at low salinity(P<0.05).In summary,high dietary lipid levels improved energy provision to facilitate mitochondrial biogenesis,which increased ATP provision for osmotic pressure regulation of mud crabs.This study also illustrates the importance of dietary lipid nutrition supplementation for low salinity adaptations in mud crabs.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China with Grant Number 31601986the Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Scientific Research Developmental Fund (LBH-Q16005).
文摘Syneilesis aconitifolia is a potential ground cover and decorative material in gardens,which exhibits a strong salt-alkali tolerance,and also has medicinal value.In this study,the arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi community in the soil surrounding S.aconitifolia roots in the Songnen saline-alkali grassland was used as the inoculation medium for a pot cultivation experiment.After normal culture for 90 days,NaCl and NaHCO_(3) solutions were applied to subject plants to salt or alkali stress.Solution concentrations of 50,100,and 200 mmol/L were applied for 10 days,and mycorrhizal colonization,biomass,relative water content(RWC),chlorophyll concentration,malondialdehyde(MDA)concentration,antioxidant system activity,and osmomodulator concentration were determined to identify the effects of AM fungi on root colonization status and salinity tolerance in S.aconitifolia.There were three key results.(1)Compared to the controls,the intensity and rate of colonization decreased under saline-alkali stress,and the adaptability of AM fungi under low concentration alkali stress was higher than that under salt stress.(2)The AM fungi could increase the biomass,RWC,and chlorophyll concentration,and decrease the MDA concentration of S.aconitifolia to some extent.With an increase in the salt or alkali solution concentration,AM fungi not only upregulated the activity of the antioxidant system,but also increased the concentration of osmotic regulatory substances.(3)A multivariate analysis of variance(ANOVA)and radar map analysis showed that the mechanisms of resistance to salt and alkali stress were not the same in S.aconitifolia.In the salt treatment,AM fungi mainly regulated salt stress through osmotic regulatory substances such as soluble sugars,soluble proteins,and proline.In the alkali treatment,AM fungi mainly regulated alkali stress through glutathione(GSH),soluble sugars,and MDA.The results showed that the colonization rate of S.aconitifolia under low concentration alkali stress was higher than that under salt stress,and the inoculation of AM fungi could significantly reduce the MDA concentration of S.aconitifolia plants under salinity and alkali stress,and improve the antioxidant enzyme activity and osmoregulatory substance accumulation,thereby improving the salinity tolerance of S.aconitifolia.
基金Supported by the Project of 2019 Annual Guangdong Provincial Special Financial Fund of Nanhai Economic Shrimp Breeding and Culture Laboratory(No.2319412525)the Competitive Allocation Project of Special Funds for Science and Technology Innovation Strategy of Guangdong Province(No.2018A04007)the Competitive Distribution Project of Special Funds for Science and Technology Development in Zhanjiang City(No.2018A01013)。
文摘The kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus is one of the most commercially important shrimp species in the world.Low salinity would aff ect the penetration and immunity,and even led to its death of the shrimp.However,little is known about the molecular mechanism of the effect.Therefore,hepatopancreas of M.japonicus reared under low-salinity stress for 6,12,24,48,and 96 h was analyzed and the results were compared with that of the control group using transcriptomics.After removing reads containing adapters,88890960-1051300444 clean reads were generated from 10 libraries in the control group and experimental group.Compared with the control group,811,589,1095,745,and 875 diff erentially expressed genes were obtained in the five treatment groups.The N50 and N90 lengths of the transcripts were 1746 bp and 436 bp,respectively.The top 20 gene ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways associated with the diff erentially expressed genes were related mainly to osmotic regulation(ion exchange,lipid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism),immune regulation(cellular and humoral immunity),chitin metabolism,and related functions.The diff erential expression patterns of nine randomly selected genes were confi rmed by quantitative real-time PCR.This is the fi rst report of osmotic regulation-related genes that are diff erentially expressed under low-salinity stress in the hepatopancreas of M.japonicus.Furthermore,we found that M.japonicus initiated its own immune regulation under low-salinity stress.These results will help elucidating the mechanism of osmotic regulation and immune responses in this shrimp species.
文摘Herbaceous peony is an ornamental plant with medicinal properties. Waterlogging can affect its yield and quality as it grows and matures. In this study, we subjected “Taohuafeixue”, “Yangfeichuyu” and “Hongxiuqiu” herbaceous peony varieties to a simulated waterlogging stress treatment and investigated the effects of waterlogging on their physiological characteristics and the secondary metabolite contents in their leaves and roots. Short-term waterlogging caused the leaves to turn yellow or red and the roots to turn black. The stele and the cell wall of the endothelial cells thickened, and the cortical cells enlarged. Waterlogging did not significantly change plant height, leaf length, <span style="font-family:Verdana;">and leaf area;however, it significantly decreased the root-shoot ratio of</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> “Yang</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">feichuyu” and “Hongxiuqiu” varieties. The activity of antioxidant enzymes</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and the content of osmotic regulators increased under waterlogging. After short-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">term waterlogging stress treatment, the content of paeoniflorin and albiflorin increased in the roots of “Taohuafeixue” and “Yangfeichuyu”, and the content of benzoylpaeoniflorin increased in the root of “Hongxiuqiu”</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The content of gallic acid and total flavonoids increased in the leaves of “Taohuafeixue” and “Yangfeichuyu”. After the waterlogging, paeoniflorin and benzoylpaeoniflorin increased in the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">autumn root of “Hongxiuqiu”.</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">This study expands our knowledge about the medicinal properties of herbaceous peony and informs about its production and cultivation under waterlogged conditions.</span>
基金This study was supported by Nature Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY21C190006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072987).
文摘The physiological processes involved in adaptation to osmotic pressure in euryhaline crustaceans are highly energy demanding,but the effects of dietary lipids(fat)on low salinity adaptations have not been well evaluated.In the present study,a total of 120 mud crabs(Scylla paramamosain,BW=17.87±1.49 g)were fed control and high-fat(HF)diets,at both medium salinity(23‰)and low salinity(4‰)for 6 wk,and each treatment had 3 replicates with each replicate containing 10 crabs.The results indicated that a HF diet significantly mitigated the reduction in survival rate,percent weight gain and feed efficiency induced by low salinity(P<0.05).Low salinity lowered lipogenesis and activated lipolysis resulting in lipid depletion in the hepatopancreas of mud crabs(P<0.05).Thus,HF diets enhanced the process of lipolysis to supply more energy.In the gills,low salinity and the HF diet increased the levels of mitochondrial biogenesis markers,the activity of mitochondrial complexes,and the expression levels of genes related to energy metabolism(P<0.05).Consequently,the positive effects of the HF diet on energy metabolism in mud crabs at low salinity promoted osmotic pressure regulation.Specifically,significantly higher haemolymph osmotic pressure and inorganic ion content,as well as higher osmotic pressure regulatory enzyme activity in gills,and gene and protein expression levels of NaK-ATPase were observed in crabs fed the HF diet at low salinity(P<0.05).In summary,high dietary lipid levels improved energy provision to facilitate mitochondrial biogenesis,which increased ATP provision for osmotic pressure regulation of mud crabs.This study also illustrates the importance of dietary lipid nutrition supplementation for low salinity adaptations in mud crabs.
