To understand the relationship between expression of P53 protein and HPV16/18 infection in laryngeal papillomas, PCR and immunohistochemical tech-niques were used to examine the paraffin-embedded tissue samples of lar...To understand the relationship between expression of P53 protein and HPV16/18 infection in laryngeal papillomas, PCR and immunohistochemical tech-niques were used to examine the paraffin-embedded tissue samples of laryngeal pa-pillomas from 35 subjects. HPV 16/18-DNA was found in 24 cases of laryngeal papillomas (68. 8 %). Overexpression of P53 protein was detected in 19 cases (54. 3 % ). Both HPV16/18-DNA and overexpression of P53 protein were demon-strated in 12 cases of laryngeal papillomas (34. 3 % ). Our results suggest that HPV16/l8 infection and P53 gene mutation are associated with pathogenesis of la-ryngeal papillomas. The relation between HPV infection and P53 mutation in tis-sues of laryngeal papillomas remains to be clarified.展开更多
The prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV)-16 in patients with cervical cancer,the physical status of HPV-16 in patients with cervical lesions,and the role of HPV-16 integration in cervi-cal carcinogenesis were inv...The prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV)-16 in patients with cervical cancer,the physical status of HPV-16 in patients with cervical lesions,and the role of HPV-16 integration in cervi-cal carcinogenesis were investigated.HPV genotyping was performed by using PCR approach with the primer GP5+/GP6+ and type-specific primer on biopsy specimens taken operatively from 198 women.Multiple PCR was done to detect physical status of HPV-16 in a series of cervical liquid-based cytology samples and biopsy specimens obtained from different cervical lesions with HPV-16 infection,includ-ing 112 specimens with cervical cancer,151 specimens with CINⅠ,246 specimens with CINⅡ and 120 specimens with CINⅢ.The results showed that there were 112 cervical cancer samples (56.57% of total cervical cancer patients) with HPV-16 infection.The frequency of HPV-16 pure integration was 65.18% (73/112),56.57% (47/120),23.58% (58/246) and 7.95% (12/151) in cervical cancer,CINⅢ,CINⅡand CINⅠ patients respectively.In situ hybridization was performed on some paraffin-embedded sections of CINⅡ,CINⅢ and cervical cancer to verify the physical status of HPV-16 infection.Sig-nificant difference was observed between cervical cancer and CINⅠ,CINⅡ,CINⅢ in the frequency of HPV-16 integration (P<0.01).It is suggested that HPV-16 is the most prevalent type and is associated with cervical cancer.In the case of HPV-16 infection there are close associations between the severity of cervical lesions and the frequency of HPV-16 integration.The application of testing HPV genotyping and physical status based on detection of HC-Ⅱ HPV DNA would be in favor of predicting the progno-sis of cervical precancerosis and enhancing the screening accuracy of cervical cancer.展开更多
AIM To detect human papilloma virus(HPV) presence and to characterize cellular immune response in breast cancer patients. METHODS A total of 74 women were included, of which 48 samples were from patients diagnosed wit...AIM To detect human papilloma virus(HPV) presence and to characterize cellular immune response in breast cancer patients. METHODS A total of 74 women were included, of which 48 samples were from patients diagnosed with breast cancer and 26 patients with benign pathology of the breast. Molecular subtype classification was performed based on the immunohistochemical reports of the tumor piece. HPV genome detection and genotyping from fresh breast biopsies was performed using the INNO-LIPA HPV Genotyping Extra test(Innogenetics, Ghent, Belgium). CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and natural killer(NK)+ cells levels from peripheral blood samples from patients with breast cancer and benign pathology were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS Luminal A was the most frequent breast cancer molecular subtype(33.33%). HPV was detected in 25% of the breast cancer patients, and genotype 18 was the most frequent in the studied population. The mean of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ subpopulations were decreased in patients with breast cancer, in relation to those with benign pathology, with a statistically significant difference in CD8+ values(P = 0.048). The mean of NK+ cells was increased in the benign pathology group. The average level of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and NK+ cells decreased as the disease progressed. HER2+ and Luminal B HER2+ tumors had the lowest counts of cell subsets. HPV breast cancer patients had elevated counts of cellular subsets. CONCLUSION Determining level changes in cellular subsets in breast cancer patients is a useful tool to evaluate treatment response.展开更多
Head and neck cancer(HNC) arises from the skull base to the clavicles and is the fifth most common cancer in the world by incidence. Historically, in the developed world HNC was associated with tobacco use and alcohol...Head and neck cancer(HNC) arises from the skull base to the clavicles and is the fifth most common cancer in the world by incidence. Historically, in the developed world HNC was associated with tobacco use and alcohol consumption, and the combination of the two produced a synergistic increase in risk. However, beginning in 1983, investigators have found a significant and growing proportion of HNC patients with human papillomavirus-positive(HPV) tumors who neither drank nor used tobacco. Since that time, there has been increased interest in the molecular biology of HPV-positive HNC. Multiple studies now show that HPV has shifted the epidemiological landscape and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC). These studies provide strong evidence for improved survival outcomes in patients with HPV-positive HNSCC compared to those with HPV-negative HNSCC. In many reports, HPV status is the strongest predictor of locoregional control, disease specific survival and overall survival. In response to these findings, there has been significant interest in the best management of HPV-positive disease. Discussions within major cooperative groups consider new trials designed to maintain the current strong survival outcomes while reducing the long-term treatment-re-lated toxicities. This review will highlight the epidemiological, clinical and molecular discoveries surrounding HPV-related HNSCC over the recent decades and we conclude by suggesting how these findings may guide future treatment approaches.展开更多
AIM:To demonstrate the presence and biological activity of human papilloma virus(HPV)in gastric cancer(GAC)tissues.METHODS:The study involved 84 surgically treated patients with gastric adenocarcinoma,regardless of th...AIM:To demonstrate the presence and biological activity of human papilloma virus(HPV)in gastric cancer(GAC)tissues.METHODS:The study involved 84 surgically treated patients with gastric adenocarcinoma,regardless of the clinical stage of the disease.The presence of HPV DNA of high oncogenic risk types in formalin-fixed,paraffinembedded tumor samples was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis.A stringentprotocol of prevention of cross-and environmental contamination was applied during DNA isolation,and amplification,as well as confirmation of the biological activity of the virus in tumor cells,was implemented.The study utilized the Real-time High Risk HPV test,which detects the DNA of 14 HPV subtypes that are considered to have high oncogenic potential.The overexpression of the p16INK4a protein assessed immunohistochemically was considered confirmation of the HPV infection.RESULTS:Among the 89 patients initially included in the study group,diagnostic results were obtained for84 individuals.In five cases,either the histopathological material was too scant to isolate the necessary amount of DNA,or the isolated DNA was significantly degraded,resulting in the failure of internal control amplification within the predefined number of 35 cycles.Those patients were excluded from further analysis.The amplification of HPV DNA was demonstrated in none of the84 tissue samples;thus,all cases were considered to have a negative DNA status of highly oncogenic HPV subtypes.Immunohistochemical staining provided diagnostic results for all of the examined tissue samples,and excluded the accumulation of the p16INK4a protein in tumor cells,thus confirming the lack of active HPV infection in all of the individuals.CONCLUSION:The study does not confirm the presence or biological activity of HPV in tumor tissues.Thus,the relationship between GAC and HPV infection,in the Central European population seems doubtful.展开更多
AIM: To better understand some of the superficial tiny lesions that are recognized as squamous papilloma of the esophagus(SPE) and receive a different pathological diagnosis.METHODS: All consecutive patients with esop...AIM: To better understand some of the superficial tiny lesions that are recognized as squamous papilloma of the esophagus(SPE) and receive a different pathological diagnosis.METHODS: All consecutive patients with esophageal polypoid lesions detected by routine endoscopy at our Endoscopy Centre between October 2009 and June 2014 were retrospectively analysed. We enrolled patients with SPE or other superficial lesions to investigate four key endoscopic appearances(whitish color, exophytic growth, wart-like shape, and surface vessels) and used narrow band imaging(NBI) to distinguish their differences. These series endoscopic images of each patient were retrospectively reviewed by three experienced endoscopists with no prior access to the images. All lesion specimens obtained by forceps biopsy were fixed in formalin and processed for pathological examination. The following data were collected from patient medical records: gender, age, indications for esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and endoscopic characteristics including lesion location, number, color, size, surface morphology, surrounding mucosa, and surface vessels under NBI. Clinicopathological features were also compared.RESULTS: During the study period, 41 esophageal polypoid lesions from 5698 endoscopic examinations were identified retrospectively. These included 24 patients with pathologically confirmed SPE, 11 patients with squamous hyperplasia, three patients with glycogenic acanthosis, two patients with ectopic sebaceous glands, and one patient with a xanthoma. In the χ2 test, exophytic growth(P = 0.003), a wartlike shape(P < 0.001), and crossing surface vessels under NBI(P = 0.001) were more frequently observed in SPE than in other lesion types. By contrast, there was no significant difference regarding the appearance of a whitish color between SPE and other lesion types(P = 0.872). The most sensitive characteristic was wart-like projections(81.3%) and the most specific was exophytic growth(87.5%). Promising positive predictive values of 84.2%, 80.8%, and 82.6% were noted for exophytic growth, wart-like projections, and surface vessel crossing on NBI, respectively.CONCLUSION: The use of three key typical endoscopic appearances- exophytic growth, a wart-like shape, and vessel crossing on the lesion surface under NBI- has a promising positive predictive value of 88.2%. This diagnostic triad is useful for the endoscopic diagnosis of SPE.展开更多
AIM To determine the prevalence of esophageal squamous papillomas(ESPs) in a tertiary teaching hospital and to assess for any clinical associations, including relations with esophageal squamous cell carcinomas(SCCs). ...AIM To determine the prevalence of esophageal squamous papillomas(ESPs) in a tertiary teaching hospital and to assess for any clinical associations, including relations with esophageal squamous cell carcinomas(SCCs). METHODS Data from a total of 6962 upper gastrointestinal endoscopies over a five year period were retrospectively obtained and analysed. RESULTS ESP was found in sixteen patients(0.23%). Eight(50%) patients had a high body mass index, seven(44%) had history of cigarette smoking. Reflux esophagitis was found in four(25%) patients. All ESPs were solitary with a mean endoscopic size of 3.8 mm and located in the mid to lower esophagus. Human papilloma virus(HPV) was tested in three(19%) patients and was negative. Esophageal SCC was found in seven patients(0.10%) during the same period. None of the specimens were tested for HPV, and none had associated papillomatous changes. CONCLUSION ESP is an uncommon tumour with unclear clinical associations and malignant potential.展开更多
Squamous papillomas(SPs) are common benign neoplastic lesions, usually affecting the skin, oral mucosa, upper aerodigestive tract and genital organs. However, SPs of the external auditory canal(EAC) are rarely reporte...Squamous papillomas(SPs) are common benign neoplastic lesions, usually affecting the skin, oral mucosa, upper aerodigestive tract and genital organs. However, SPs of the external auditory canal(EAC) are rarely reported in the English literature. In this report, we present a 19-year-old female with left EAC SP. The etiology, natural course, diagnosis and management of this disease are discussed, with a brief review of the literature.展开更多
BACKGROUND Solitary respiratory papilloma is a rare epithelial tumor that can be categorizedinto multiple subtypes depending on tumor location,histological presentationand number.The glandular type is the rarest,with ...BACKGROUND Solitary respiratory papilloma is a rare epithelial tumor that can be categorizedinto multiple subtypes depending on tumor location,histological presentationand number.The glandular type is the rarest,with only 30 cases available withinthe field.Hence,information on its identification and treatment is limited.In thisreport,we discuss the diagnostic strategy and management of glandularpapilloma,along with a review of the literature.CASE SUMMARY We describe a male 44-year-old nonsmoker who presented with a persistentcough and recurrent pneumonia,which he had experienced for over 2 years.Asolitary pulmonary nodule with an endobronchial lesion was found via computedtomography of the chest.After a biopsy was obtained,no definite diagnosiscould be made.Glandular papilloma of the lung was confirmed via videoassistedthoracoscopic anatomic resection of the right lower lobe of the lung.Thepatient remained disease-free after 6 mo follow up.CONCLUSION Minimally invasive surgery is feasible for the surgical resection of endobronchialglandular papilloma.Although rare,glandular papilloma should be consideredin patients with infection or endobronchial lesions.展开更多
Objective: To find out the incidence of high-risk HPV infections on climacteric women within our area of influence;and to typify HPV genotypes on women with normal cytology that come to our hospitalary unit of menopau...Objective: To find out the incidence of high-risk HPV infections on climacteric women within our area of influence;and to typify HPV genotypes on women with normal cytology that come to our hospitalary unit of menopausia. Material and Method: Cross-sectional study;with a random sample of 140 cases of climacteric women of ≥50 years of age, with normal Pap smears for the last 12 months. HPV determination was carried out by PCR for screening, and by hybrid capture for genotype typification. Results: The percentage of climacteric women who are carriers of oncogenic HPV and a normal Pap smear was of 11.43% (16/140 cases). The genotype found most frequently was HPV-16, followed by HPV-58, 51 and 18. Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of women who were carriers of oncogenic HPV in climacteric women with normal Pap smears (latent infections) in our health region. We consider that cervical cancer screening, either by PCR or conventional Pap smear, should not be minimized or ignored from 50 years of age onwards.展开更多
Dear Sir,Iam Dr.Yin-Hung Chang from the Department of Otolaryngology,Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital,the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation.I would like to present a case of inverted papilloma with carcinoma change of lacrim...Dear Sir,Iam Dr.Yin-Hung Chang from the Department of Otolaryngology,Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital,the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation.I would like to present a case of inverted papilloma with carcinoma change of lacrimal drainage apparatus and nasal cavity that had been successfully treated by endoscopic surgery.Lacrimal drainage apparatus tumors are rare but展开更多
Objectives: To evaluate the clinical presentation and treatment outcome of all patients treated for inverted papilloma at the University Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia. Methods: A retrospective review of 22 patients ...Objectives: To evaluate the clinical presentation and treatment outcome of all patients treated for inverted papilloma at the University Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia. Methods: A retrospective review of 22 patients with inverted papilloma, treated at our centre, from 1st January 2005 to 31st August 2011. The demographic data, clinical features, radiological findings, surgical procedures, recurrent rate and malignant transformation were assessed. Result: The commonest presentation was a unilateral nasal blockage, comprising 77.3% cases. A total of 19 patients had undergone endoscopic surgery while three patients had open surgery performed. The mean duration of the follow-up period was 30.5 months. Seven (31.7%) patients were detected of tumour recurrence during the entire course of follow-up. However, throughout the follow-up period, none had demonstrated malignant transformation. Conclusion: Endoscopic medial maxillectomy is a well-accepted approach in treating inverted papilloma. Nevertheless, open surgery still plays an important role in extensive diseases and in cases of malignancy. Unilateral nasal obstruction is the most important symptom. Repeated pre-operative biopsy or perhaps frozen section of intraoperative biopsies is necessary to avoid misdiagnosis. Krouse stage II disease showed the highest recurrent rate of 18.2%. Lifelong follow-up and emphasis on adherence is mandatory for early detection of recurrence and malignant transformation.展开更多
Objective To study the structure specificity of HPV16E6E7 gene from cervical carcinoma biopsies of patients in Shandong province. Methods The tissue DNAs were extracted from cervical carcinoma biopsies of 14 patients ...Objective To study the structure specificity of HPV16E6E7 gene from cervical carcinoma biopsies of patients in Shandong province. Methods The tissue DNAs were extracted from cervical carcinoma biopsies of 14 patients of Chinese from Shandong province. By PCR method using HPV multiple primers, the HPV types were identified in cervical carcinoma tissues, Using the tissue DNA of the 2 cases with the infection of HPV16 type only as templates, HPV16E6E7 gene was amplified by PCR respectively, then inserted the HPV16E6E7 gene into pALTER I vector, and obtained the recombinant plasmid pALTER HPV16E6E7. The constructs were sequenced using Sanger method, and then compared with the sequence of HPV16E6E7 gene of the prototype. Results Sequencing results showed that HPV16E6E7 gene in the 2 cases had sequence diversity from that of the prototype, and a total of five nucleotide exchanges were detected, four of these led to amino acid exchanges. Conclusion There are structure differences between the HPV16E6E7 of Chinese and that of the prototype.展开更多
We reported a case of an African American woman who went to the hospital with palpable right breast lump with bloody nipple discharge at University of Texas Medical Brand at Galvestion. The modalities of breast imagin...We reported a case of an African American woman who went to the hospital with palpable right breast lump with bloody nipple discharge at University of Texas Medical Brand at Galvestion. The modalities of breast imagings included mammography and ultrasongraphy.The method used for viral identification was Linear Array HPV genotyping test Intraductal papilloma revealed as high density tubular or rounded lobular masses with partially circumscribed,obscured margins and clustered punctate microcalcifications on mammograms.Ultrasound showed as intraductal masses with dilated ducts.The core biopsy demonstrated duct filled with papillary lesion and post excision revealed intraductal papilloma.HPV DNA types 16,33,58 and 71 were detected after use of Linear Array HPV genotyping test.展开更多
Focal dermal hypoplasia(FDH) is a rare disorder of the mesodermal and ectodermal tissues. Here we present an eight-year-old female known to have FDH who presents with poor weight gain and dysphagia. She was diagnosed ...Focal dermal hypoplasia(FDH) is a rare disorder of the mesodermal and ectodermal tissues. Here we present an eight-year-old female known to have FDH who presents with poor weight gain and dysphagia. She was diagnosed with multiple esophageal papillomas and eosinophilic esophagitis. She was successfully treated with argon plasma coagulation and ingested fluticasone propionate, which has not been described previously in a child.展开更多
Squamous papilloma of the esophagus is a rare benign lesion of the esophagus. Radiofrequency ablation is an established endoscopic technique for the eradication of Barrett esophagus. No cases of endoscopic ablation of...Squamous papilloma of the esophagus is a rare benign lesion of the esophagus. Radiofrequency ablation is an established endoscopic technique for the eradication of Barrett esophagus. No cases of endoscopic ablation of esophageal papilloma by radiofrequency ablation(RFA) have been reported. We report a case of esophageal papilloma successfully treated with a single session of radiofrequency ablation. Endoscopic ablation of the lesion was achieved by radiofrequency using a new catheter inserted through the working channel of endoscope. The esophageal ablated tissue was removed by a specifically designed cup. Complete ablation was confirmed at 3 mo by endoscopy with biopsies. This case supports feasibility and safety of as a new potential indication for BarrxTM RFA in patients with esophageal papilloma.展开更多
The aim of this study was to select drugs for prevention and treatment of bovine papilloma in vitro, using bovine papilloma virus(BPV-2) infected mouse mammary epithelial(C127) cell lines as the infectious cell model ...The aim of this study was to select drugs for prevention and treatment of bovine papilloma in vitro, using bovine papilloma virus(BPV-2) infected mouse mammary epithelial(C127) cell lines as the infectious cell model system. C127 cell shapes changed with BPV infection observed under light microscopy. C127 cell shapes changed with BPV infection observed under light microscopy. PCR was used to confirm BPV infected C127 cells. mR NA levels of matrine to BPV-2 infected C127 cells were detected by RT-PCR. Apoptosis of BPV-infected C127 cells treated with matrine was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results showed that 80 μg· mL^(-1) matrine had a direct virucidal and intervention effect of BPV-2. Matrine inhibited the proliferation of BPV-infected cells. Therefore, matrine might be regarded as a therapeutic drug candidate for BPV induced bovine papilloma disease treatment in future.展开更多
Inverted papilloma is an uncommon histopathological finding of maxillary sinus tumor. We reported here a rare case of inverted papilloma of maxillary sinus presented initially with ipsilateral proptosis. A middle-aged...Inverted papilloma is an uncommon histopathological finding of maxillary sinus tumor. We reported here a rare case of inverted papilloma of maxillary sinus presented initially with ipsilateral proptosis. A middle-aged lady with history of having allergic rhinitis presented with progressive left eye proptosis. Assessment revealed presence of orbital mass arising from paranasal sinus, in which the histopathological examination was initially inconclusive, and later it turned up to be inverted papilloma, partly with malignant transformation. High index of suspicion is necessary especially in those patients with recurrent non-specific sinonasal symptoms, which may need repeated biopsy and histopathological examination. Ocular manifestation signifies a more advance disease.展开更多
High grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia due to human papilloma viral(HPV)infections is a precursor lesion for squamous cell carcinoma especially in high risk populations.Frequent examination and anal biopsies remain...High grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia due to human papilloma viral(HPV)infections is a precursor lesion for squamous cell carcinoma especially in high risk populations.Frequent examination and anal biopsies remain unpopular with patients;moreover they are also risk factors for chronic pain,scarring and sphincter injury.There is lack of uniform,surveillance methods and guidelines for anal HPV specifically the intervals between exam and biopsies.The aim of this editorial is to discuss the intervals for surveillance exam and biopsy,based on specific HPV related biomarkers?Currently there are no published randomized controlled trials documenting the effectiveness of anal screening and surveillance programs to reduce the incidence,morbidity and mortality of anal cancers.In contrast,the currently approved screening and surveillance methods available for HPV related cervical cancer includes cytology,HPV DNA test,P16 or combined P16/Ki-67 index and HPV E/6 and E/7 mRNA test.There are very few studies performed to determine the efficacy of these tests in HPV related anal precancerous lesions.The relevance of these biomarkers is discussed in this editorial.Longitudinal prospective research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of these molecular biomarkers that include high risk HPV serotyping,P16 immuno-histiochemistry and E6/E7 mRNA profiling on biopsies to elucidate and establish surveillance guidelines.展开更多
文摘To understand the relationship between expression of P53 protein and HPV16/18 infection in laryngeal papillomas, PCR and immunohistochemical tech-niques were used to examine the paraffin-embedded tissue samples of laryngeal pa-pillomas from 35 subjects. HPV 16/18-DNA was found in 24 cases of laryngeal papillomas (68. 8 %). Overexpression of P53 protein was detected in 19 cases (54. 3 % ). Both HPV16/18-DNA and overexpression of P53 protein were demon-strated in 12 cases of laryngeal papillomas (34. 3 % ). Our results suggest that HPV16/l8 infection and P53 gene mutation are associated with pathogenesis of la-ryngeal papillomas. The relation between HPV infection and P53 mutation in tis-sues of laryngeal papillomas remains to be clarified.
基金supported by grants from National Natura Science Foundation of China (No. 81001151,No. 30973205)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (No2010CDB09503)
文摘The prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV)-16 in patients with cervical cancer,the physical status of HPV-16 in patients with cervical lesions,and the role of HPV-16 integration in cervi-cal carcinogenesis were investigated.HPV genotyping was performed by using PCR approach with the primer GP5+/GP6+ and type-specific primer on biopsy specimens taken operatively from 198 women.Multiple PCR was done to detect physical status of HPV-16 in a series of cervical liquid-based cytology samples and biopsy specimens obtained from different cervical lesions with HPV-16 infection,includ-ing 112 specimens with cervical cancer,151 specimens with CINⅠ,246 specimens with CINⅡ and 120 specimens with CINⅢ.The results showed that there were 112 cervical cancer samples (56.57% of total cervical cancer patients) with HPV-16 infection.The frequency of HPV-16 pure integration was 65.18% (73/112),56.57% (47/120),23.58% (58/246) and 7.95% (12/151) in cervical cancer,CINⅢ,CINⅡand CINⅠ patients respectively.In situ hybridization was performed on some paraffin-embedded sections of CINⅡ,CINⅢ and cervical cancer to verify the physical status of HPV-16 infection.Sig-nificant difference was observed between cervical cancer and CINⅠ,CINⅡ,CINⅢ in the frequency of HPV-16 integration (P<0.01).It is suggested that HPV-16 is the most prevalent type and is associated with cervical cancer.In the case of HPV-16 infection there are close associations between the severity of cervical lesions and the frequency of HPV-16 integration.The application of testing HPV genotyping and physical status based on detection of HC-Ⅱ HPV DNA would be in favor of predicting the progno-sis of cervical precancerosis and enhancing the screening accuracy of cervical cancer.
基金Supported by FONACIT Project,No.G2005000408PEII Project,No.2012001201
文摘AIM To detect human papilloma virus(HPV) presence and to characterize cellular immune response in breast cancer patients. METHODS A total of 74 women were included, of which 48 samples were from patients diagnosed with breast cancer and 26 patients with benign pathology of the breast. Molecular subtype classification was performed based on the immunohistochemical reports of the tumor piece. HPV genome detection and genotyping from fresh breast biopsies was performed using the INNO-LIPA HPV Genotyping Extra test(Innogenetics, Ghent, Belgium). CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and natural killer(NK)+ cells levels from peripheral blood samples from patients with breast cancer and benign pathology were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS Luminal A was the most frequent breast cancer molecular subtype(33.33%). HPV was detected in 25% of the breast cancer patients, and genotype 18 was the most frequent in the studied population. The mean of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ subpopulations were decreased in patients with breast cancer, in relation to those with benign pathology, with a statistically significant difference in CD8+ values(P = 0.048). The mean of NK+ cells was increased in the benign pathology group. The average level of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and NK+ cells decreased as the disease progressed. HER2+ and Luminal B HER2+ tumors had the lowest counts of cell subsets. HPV breast cancer patients had elevated counts of cellular subsets. CONCLUSION Determining level changes in cellular subsets in breast cancer patients is a useful tool to evaluate treatment response.
文摘Head and neck cancer(HNC) arises from the skull base to the clavicles and is the fifth most common cancer in the world by incidence. Historically, in the developed world HNC was associated with tobacco use and alcohol consumption, and the combination of the two produced a synergistic increase in risk. However, beginning in 1983, investigators have found a significant and growing proportion of HNC patients with human papillomavirus-positive(HPV) tumors who neither drank nor used tobacco. Since that time, there has been increased interest in the molecular biology of HPV-positive HNC. Multiple studies now show that HPV has shifted the epidemiological landscape and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC). These studies provide strong evidence for improved survival outcomes in patients with HPV-positive HNSCC compared to those with HPV-negative HNSCC. In many reports, HPV status is the strongest predictor of locoregional control, disease specific survival and overall survival. In response to these findings, there has been significant interest in the best management of HPV-positive disease. Discussions within major cooperative groups consider new trials designed to maintain the current strong survival outcomes while reducing the long-term treatment-re-lated toxicities. This review will highlight the epidemiological, clinical and molecular discoveries surrounding HPV-related HNSCC over the recent decades and we conclude by suggesting how these findings may guide future treatment approaches.
基金Supported by Internal Research Grant of Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology,Gli-wice Branch
文摘AIM:To demonstrate the presence and biological activity of human papilloma virus(HPV)in gastric cancer(GAC)tissues.METHODS:The study involved 84 surgically treated patients with gastric adenocarcinoma,regardless of the clinical stage of the disease.The presence of HPV DNA of high oncogenic risk types in formalin-fixed,paraffinembedded tumor samples was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis.A stringentprotocol of prevention of cross-and environmental contamination was applied during DNA isolation,and amplification,as well as confirmation of the biological activity of the virus in tumor cells,was implemented.The study utilized the Real-time High Risk HPV test,which detects the DNA of 14 HPV subtypes that are considered to have high oncogenic potential.The overexpression of the p16INK4a protein assessed immunohistochemically was considered confirmation of the HPV infection.RESULTS:Among the 89 patients initially included in the study group,diagnostic results were obtained for84 individuals.In five cases,either the histopathological material was too scant to isolate the necessary amount of DNA,or the isolated DNA was significantly degraded,resulting in the failure of internal control amplification within the predefined number of 35 cycles.Those patients were excluded from further analysis.The amplification of HPV DNA was demonstrated in none of the84 tissue samples;thus,all cases were considered to have a negative DNA status of highly oncogenic HPV subtypes.Immunohistochemical staining provided diagnostic results for all of the examined tissue samples,and excluded the accumulation of the p16INK4a protein in tumor cells,thus confirming the lack of active HPV infection in all of the individuals.CONCLUSION:The study does not confirm the presence or biological activity of HPV in tumor tissues.Thus,the relationship between GAC and HPV infection,in the Central European population seems doubtful.
文摘AIM: To better understand some of the superficial tiny lesions that are recognized as squamous papilloma of the esophagus(SPE) and receive a different pathological diagnosis.METHODS: All consecutive patients with esophageal polypoid lesions detected by routine endoscopy at our Endoscopy Centre between October 2009 and June 2014 were retrospectively analysed. We enrolled patients with SPE or other superficial lesions to investigate four key endoscopic appearances(whitish color, exophytic growth, wart-like shape, and surface vessels) and used narrow band imaging(NBI) to distinguish their differences. These series endoscopic images of each patient were retrospectively reviewed by three experienced endoscopists with no prior access to the images. All lesion specimens obtained by forceps biopsy were fixed in formalin and processed for pathological examination. The following data were collected from patient medical records: gender, age, indications for esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and endoscopic characteristics including lesion location, number, color, size, surface morphology, surrounding mucosa, and surface vessels under NBI. Clinicopathological features were also compared.RESULTS: During the study period, 41 esophageal polypoid lesions from 5698 endoscopic examinations were identified retrospectively. These included 24 patients with pathologically confirmed SPE, 11 patients with squamous hyperplasia, three patients with glycogenic acanthosis, two patients with ectopic sebaceous glands, and one patient with a xanthoma. In the χ2 test, exophytic growth(P = 0.003), a wartlike shape(P < 0.001), and crossing surface vessels under NBI(P = 0.001) were more frequently observed in SPE than in other lesion types. By contrast, there was no significant difference regarding the appearance of a whitish color between SPE and other lesion types(P = 0.872). The most sensitive characteristic was wart-like projections(81.3%) and the most specific was exophytic growth(87.5%). Promising positive predictive values of 84.2%, 80.8%, and 82.6% were noted for exophytic growth, wart-like projections, and surface vessel crossing on NBI, respectively.CONCLUSION: The use of three key typical endoscopic appearances- exophytic growth, a wart-like shape, and vessel crossing on the lesion surface under NBI- has a promising positive predictive value of 88.2%. This diagnostic triad is useful for the endoscopic diagnosis of SPE.
文摘AIM To determine the prevalence of esophageal squamous papillomas(ESPs) in a tertiary teaching hospital and to assess for any clinical associations, including relations with esophageal squamous cell carcinomas(SCCs). METHODS Data from a total of 6962 upper gastrointestinal endoscopies over a five year period were retrospectively obtained and analysed. RESULTS ESP was found in sixteen patients(0.23%). Eight(50%) patients had a high body mass index, seven(44%) had history of cigarette smoking. Reflux esophagitis was found in four(25%) patients. All ESPs were solitary with a mean endoscopic size of 3.8 mm and located in the mid to lower esophagus. Human papilloma virus(HPV) was tested in three(19%) patients and was negative. Esophageal SCC was found in seven patients(0.10%) during the same period. None of the specimens were tested for HPV, and none had associated papillomatous changes. CONCLUSION ESP is an uncommon tumour with unclear clinical associations and malignant potential.
文摘Squamous papillomas(SPs) are common benign neoplastic lesions, usually affecting the skin, oral mucosa, upper aerodigestive tract and genital organs. However, SPs of the external auditory canal(EAC) are rarely reported in the English literature. In this report, we present a 19-year-old female with left EAC SP. The etiology, natural course, diagnosis and management of this disease are discussed, with a brief review of the literature.
文摘BACKGROUND Solitary respiratory papilloma is a rare epithelial tumor that can be categorizedinto multiple subtypes depending on tumor location,histological presentationand number.The glandular type is the rarest,with only 30 cases available withinthe field.Hence,information on its identification and treatment is limited.In thisreport,we discuss the diagnostic strategy and management of glandularpapilloma,along with a review of the literature.CASE SUMMARY We describe a male 44-year-old nonsmoker who presented with a persistentcough and recurrent pneumonia,which he had experienced for over 2 years.Asolitary pulmonary nodule with an endobronchial lesion was found via computedtomography of the chest.After a biopsy was obtained,no definite diagnosiscould be made.Glandular papilloma of the lung was confirmed via videoassistedthoracoscopic anatomic resection of the right lower lobe of the lung.Thepatient remained disease-free after 6 mo follow up.CONCLUSION Minimally invasive surgery is feasible for the surgical resection of endobronchialglandular papilloma.Although rare,glandular papilloma should be consideredin patients with infection or endobronchial lesions.
文摘Objective: To find out the incidence of high-risk HPV infections on climacteric women within our area of influence;and to typify HPV genotypes on women with normal cytology that come to our hospitalary unit of menopausia. Material and Method: Cross-sectional study;with a random sample of 140 cases of climacteric women of ≥50 years of age, with normal Pap smears for the last 12 months. HPV determination was carried out by PCR for screening, and by hybrid capture for genotype typification. Results: The percentage of climacteric women who are carriers of oncogenic HPV and a normal Pap smear was of 11.43% (16/140 cases). The genotype found most frequently was HPV-16, followed by HPV-58, 51 and 18. Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of women who were carriers of oncogenic HPV in climacteric women with normal Pap smears (latent infections) in our health region. We consider that cervical cancer screening, either by PCR or conventional Pap smear, should not be minimized or ignored from 50 years of age onwards.
基金Supported by Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital,the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation
文摘Dear Sir,Iam Dr.Yin-Hung Chang from the Department of Otolaryngology,Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital,the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation.I would like to present a case of inverted papilloma with carcinoma change of lacrimal drainage apparatus and nasal cavity that had been successfully treated by endoscopic surgery.Lacrimal drainage apparatus tumors are rare but
文摘Objectives: To evaluate the clinical presentation and treatment outcome of all patients treated for inverted papilloma at the University Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia. Methods: A retrospective review of 22 patients with inverted papilloma, treated at our centre, from 1st January 2005 to 31st August 2011. The demographic data, clinical features, radiological findings, surgical procedures, recurrent rate and malignant transformation were assessed. Result: The commonest presentation was a unilateral nasal blockage, comprising 77.3% cases. A total of 19 patients had undergone endoscopic surgery while three patients had open surgery performed. The mean duration of the follow-up period was 30.5 months. Seven (31.7%) patients were detected of tumour recurrence during the entire course of follow-up. However, throughout the follow-up period, none had demonstrated malignant transformation. Conclusion: Endoscopic medial maxillectomy is a well-accepted approach in treating inverted papilloma. Nevertheless, open surgery still plays an important role in extensive diseases and in cases of malignancy. Unilateral nasal obstruction is the most important symptom. Repeated pre-operative biopsy or perhaps frozen section of intraoperative biopsies is necessary to avoid misdiagnosis. Krouse stage II disease showed the highest recurrent rate of 18.2%. Lifelong follow-up and emphasis on adherence is mandatory for early detection of recurrence and malignant transformation.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.3 970 0 13 1)
文摘Objective To study the structure specificity of HPV16E6E7 gene from cervical carcinoma biopsies of patients in Shandong province. Methods The tissue DNAs were extracted from cervical carcinoma biopsies of 14 patients of Chinese from Shandong province. By PCR method using HPV multiple primers, the HPV types were identified in cervical carcinoma tissues, Using the tissue DNA of the 2 cases with the infection of HPV16 type only as templates, HPV16E6E7 gene was amplified by PCR respectively, then inserted the HPV16E6E7 gene into pALTER I vector, and obtained the recombinant plasmid pALTER HPV16E6E7. The constructs were sequenced using Sanger method, and then compared with the sequence of HPV16E6E7 gene of the prototype. Results Sequencing results showed that HPV16E6E7 gene in the 2 cases had sequence diversity from that of the prototype, and a total of five nucleotide exchanges were detected, four of these led to amino acid exchanges. Conclusion There are structure differences between the HPV16E6E7 of Chinese and that of the prototype.
文摘We reported a case of an African American woman who went to the hospital with palpable right breast lump with bloody nipple discharge at University of Texas Medical Brand at Galvestion. The modalities of breast imagings included mammography and ultrasongraphy.The method used for viral identification was Linear Array HPV genotyping test Intraductal papilloma revealed as high density tubular or rounded lobular masses with partially circumscribed,obscured margins and clustered punctate microcalcifications on mammograms.Ultrasound showed as intraductal masses with dilated ducts.The core biopsy demonstrated duct filled with papillary lesion and post excision revealed intraductal papilloma.HPV DNA types 16,33,58 and 71 were detected after use of Linear Array HPV genotyping test.
文摘Focal dermal hypoplasia(FDH) is a rare disorder of the mesodermal and ectodermal tissues. Here we present an eight-year-old female known to have FDH who presents with poor weight gain and dysphagia. She was diagnosed with multiple esophageal papillomas and eosinophilic esophagitis. She was successfully treated with argon plasma coagulation and ingested fluticasone propionate, which has not been described previously in a child.
文摘Squamous papilloma of the esophagus is a rare benign lesion of the esophagus. Radiofrequency ablation is an established endoscopic technique for the eradication of Barrett esophagus. No cases of endoscopic ablation of esophageal papilloma by radiofrequency ablation(RFA) have been reported. We report a case of esophageal papilloma successfully treated with a single session of radiofrequency ablation. Endoscopic ablation of the lesion was achieved by radiofrequency using a new catheter inserted through the working channel of endoscope. The esophageal ablated tissue was removed by a specifically designed cup. Complete ablation was confirmed at 3 mo by endoscopy with biopsies. This case supports feasibility and safety of as a new potential indication for BarrxTM RFA in patients with esophageal papilloma.
基金Supported by the Heilongjiang Provincial Education Department of Overseas Scientific Research Funded Projects(1251H006)
文摘The aim of this study was to select drugs for prevention and treatment of bovine papilloma in vitro, using bovine papilloma virus(BPV-2) infected mouse mammary epithelial(C127) cell lines as the infectious cell model system. C127 cell shapes changed with BPV infection observed under light microscopy. C127 cell shapes changed with BPV infection observed under light microscopy. PCR was used to confirm BPV infected C127 cells. mR NA levels of matrine to BPV-2 infected C127 cells were detected by RT-PCR. Apoptosis of BPV-infected C127 cells treated with matrine was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results showed that 80 μg· mL^(-1) matrine had a direct virucidal and intervention effect of BPV-2. Matrine inhibited the proliferation of BPV-infected cells. Therefore, matrine might be regarded as a therapeutic drug candidate for BPV induced bovine papilloma disease treatment in future.
文摘Inverted papilloma is an uncommon histopathological finding of maxillary sinus tumor. We reported here a rare case of inverted papilloma of maxillary sinus presented initially with ipsilateral proptosis. A middle-aged lady with history of having allergic rhinitis presented with progressive left eye proptosis. Assessment revealed presence of orbital mass arising from paranasal sinus, in which the histopathological examination was initially inconclusive, and later it turned up to be inverted papilloma, partly with malignant transformation. High index of suspicion is necessary especially in those patients with recurrent non-specific sinonasal symptoms, which may need repeated biopsy and histopathological examination. Ocular manifestation signifies a more advance disease.
文摘High grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia due to human papilloma viral(HPV)infections is a precursor lesion for squamous cell carcinoma especially in high risk populations.Frequent examination and anal biopsies remain unpopular with patients;moreover they are also risk factors for chronic pain,scarring and sphincter injury.There is lack of uniform,surveillance methods and guidelines for anal HPV specifically the intervals between exam and biopsies.The aim of this editorial is to discuss the intervals for surveillance exam and biopsy,based on specific HPV related biomarkers?Currently there are no published randomized controlled trials documenting the effectiveness of anal screening and surveillance programs to reduce the incidence,morbidity and mortality of anal cancers.In contrast,the currently approved screening and surveillance methods available for HPV related cervical cancer includes cytology,HPV DNA test,P16 or combined P16/Ki-67 index and HPV E/6 and E/7 mRNA test.There are very few studies performed to determine the efficacy of these tests in HPV related anal precancerous lesions.The relevance of these biomarkers is discussed in this editorial.Longitudinal prospective research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of these molecular biomarkers that include high risk HPV serotyping,P16 immuno-histiochemistry and E6/E7 mRNA profiling on biopsies to elucidate and establish surveillance guidelines.
