This study was aimed to investigate the effects of alternative partial rootzone irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on the potted seedlings of Plukenetia volubilis.A total of 7 treatments were designed with three facto...This study was aimed to investigate the effects of alternative partial rootzone irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on the potted seedlings of Plukenetia volubilis.A total of 7 treatments were designed with three factors, i.e., irrigation amount, irrigation mode and nitrogen fertilizer. The growth, photosynthesis and water use efficiency were analyzed. The results showed that compared with those under full irrigation, the biomass and water consumption under alternative partial root-zone irrigation were reduced by 5% and 75%, respectively, and the water use efficiency was increased by 60%. Under severe drought conditions, the root cap ratio in the nitrogen fertilizer treatment group was increased by 30%; the leaf area index, photosynthetic rate and biomass under alternative partial root-zone irrigation were reduced by 38%, 9% and 18%, respectively. It indicates that under severe drought conditions, alternative partial root-zone irrigation is not suitable to be matched with application of nitrogen fertilizer. In short, under moderate drought conditions, alternative partial root-zone irrigation could reduce transpiration and improve water use efficiency, and it is an effective water-saving irrigation technology for the plantation of P.volubilis plants.展开更多
From 2017 to 2018,the effects of winter planting of milk vetch on yield and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer of machine-transplanted double-cropping rice under straw returning were studied in Ningxiang city...From 2017 to 2018,the effects of winter planting of milk vetch on yield and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer of machine-transplanted double-cropping rice under straw returning were studied in Ningxiang city,Hunan Province.The results showed that the dry matter accumulation,effective panicle,yield and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer in the stem,leaf,panicle and aboveground parts of early and late rice treated with winter planting milk vetch and straw returning were signi ficantly higher than those treated with straw returning only.Among them,the effective panicles of early and late rice increased by 2.58%,3.18%(2017)and 5.22%,6.32%(2018),respectively.Yield increased by 11.85%,10.07%(2017)and 12.42%,10.92%(2018),annual partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer increased by 10.90%(2017)and 11.66%(2018),respectively.In conclusion,winter planting milk vetch under straw returning is beneficial to increase dry matter accumulation,rice yield and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer in mechanized double cropping rice.展开更多
Traditional water and fertilizer inputs are often much higher than the actual demands of tomato,which causes a reduction in water-and fertilizer-use efficiencies.To investigate the advantage of alternate partial root-...Traditional water and fertilizer inputs are often much higher than the actual demands of tomato,which causes a reduction in water-and fertilizer-use efficiencies.To investigate the advantage of alternate partial root-zone irrigation(AI)on water-and nitrogen(N)-use efficiencies of tomato modified by water and N management,taking conventional irrigation(CI)as the control,the effects of AI on root morphology and activity,fruit yield and water and N use efficiency were studied using pot experiments.There were four combinations of irrigation levels and growing stages of tomato for AI,i.e.AI_(1)(high water(W_(H))from blooming to harvest stage(BHS)),AI_(2)(W_(H)from blooming to fruit setting stage(BFS)and low water(W_(L))at the harvest stage(HS)),AI_(3)(W_(L)at BFS and W_(H)at HS)and AI_(4)(W_(L)at BHS)at three urea rates,i.e.low urea rate(NL),middle urea rate(N_(M))and high urea rate(N_(H))in the form of urea.Irrigation quotas for W_(H)and W_(L)in AI at BFS or HS were 80%and 60%of that in CI,respectively.Compared to CI,AI decreased water consumption by 16.0%-33.1%and increased water use efficiency of yield(WUE_(y))and dry mass(WUE_(d))by 6.7%-11.9%and 10.2%-15.9%,respectively.AI_(1)did not decline yield,total N uptake(TNU)and N use efficiency(NUE)significantly.Compared to NL,N_(M)enhanced tomato yield,TNU,WUE_(y)and WUE_(d)by 28.5%,35.3%,22.6%and 16.3%,respectively.Compared to CINL,AI_(1)N_(M)reduced water consumption by 12.5%,but increased tomato yield,TNU,WUE_(y)and WUE_(d)by 35.5%,58.4%,54.4%and 53.7%,respectively.Therefore,AI_(1)can improve water use efficiency and total N uptake of tomato simultaneously at medium urea rate.展开更多
A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different water and nitrogen supply amounts on the comprehensive assessment of tomato fruit quality and root growth parameters under alternate partial root-...A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different water and nitrogen supply amounts on the comprehensive assessment of tomato fruit quality and root growth parameters under alternate partial root-zone irrigation.Three upper irrigation limitations(i.e.70%(W1),80%(W2)and 90%(W3)of field capacity,respectively)and three N-fertilizer levels(i.e.0.18(N1),0.30(N2)and 0.42(N3)g/kg soil,respectively)were arranged with a randomized complete block design,and alternate partial root-zone irrigation method was applied.Results showed that fruit yields under deficit irrigation(W1 and W2)were decreased by 6.9%and 2.0%respectively compared with W3 under N1 level.Yields of tomato under W1N1 and W1N2 combinations were also reduced by 10.3%and 7.2%,respectively compared with W1N3 combination.Root dry weight,root length,root surface area and root volume were all increased in W1N2 treatment.According to two-way ANOVA,the root parameters except root dry weight,were extremely sensitive to water,nitrogen and the cross effect of the two factors.TSS(total soluble solids),SS(soluble sugars)and OA(organic acid)in the fruits increased with the decrease in irrigation water,OA and NC reduced with decreasing amount of nitrogen.Moreover,within an appropriate range,as more irrigation water and nitrogen were applied,the higher VC(vitamin C)and lycopene contents were identified in the fruits.Eventually,the combinational evaluation method(i.e.entropy method and gray relational analysis)showed that W2N2 ranked highest in comprehensive fruit quality.Therefore,considering the tradeoff between fruit comprehensive quality and yields,upper irrigation limitation of 80%θf and N-fertilizer of 0.30 g/kg soil with alternate partial root-zone irrigation was the optimal cultivation strategy for the greenhouse tomato in autumn-winter season in northwest China.展开更多
【目的】通过Meta分析,定量分析滴灌施肥对我国蔬菜和果树产量、水肥利用效率和品质等的综合影响,探究了不同田间管理措施的效果差异,为优化果蔬系统综合管理措施提供参考。【方法】在知网、万方数据和Web of Science数据库中,以“滴灌...【目的】通过Meta分析,定量分析滴灌施肥对我国蔬菜和果树产量、水肥利用效率和品质等的综合影响,探究了不同田间管理措施的效果差异,为优化果蔬系统综合管理措施提供参考。【方法】在知网、万方数据和Web of Science数据库中,以“滴灌”、“果树”、“蔬菜”、“产量”、“水分利用率”、“氮肥偏生产力”和“品质”等为主要关键词检索文献,筛选出符合条件的全国滴灌施肥相关的文献77篇,获得了357组有效样本数据。采用Meta分析方法进行数据处理。【结果】与常规施肥相比,滴灌施肥的蔬菜和果树产量分别增加了7.99%和6.71%,氮肥偏生产力分别提高了48.9%和63.1%,水分利用效率分别提高了50.6%和119.0%。滴灌施肥显著改善果蔬品质,但效果不同。滴灌施肥的蔬菜Vc含量增幅较果树高17.3%,但可溶性固形物增幅低7.05%。滴灌施肥对蔬菜和果树产量、水氮利用率和品质的影响因施氮水平、灌溉水平、作物类型和栽培类型不同而存在差异。在施氮量200~400 kg/hm^(2)、灌溉量200~400 mm的设施栽培条件下,滴灌施肥对茄果类和瓜果类蔬菜产量、水分利用效率、氮肥偏生产力、品质的提升效果较好。在施氮量150~300 kg/hm^(2)、灌溉量250~500 mm条件下,滴灌施肥对落叶果树产量、水分利用效率、氮肥偏生产力和果实品质的提高效应更显著。【结论】茄果类和瓜果类蔬菜以及落叶果树适宜采用滴灌施肥技术,其他类型蔬菜和果树应慎用。展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31370684)Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KSCX2EWQ17,KSCX2EWQ15)~~
文摘This study was aimed to investigate the effects of alternative partial rootzone irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on the potted seedlings of Plukenetia volubilis.A total of 7 treatments were designed with three factors, i.e., irrigation amount, irrigation mode and nitrogen fertilizer. The growth, photosynthesis and water use efficiency were analyzed. The results showed that compared with those under full irrigation, the biomass and water consumption under alternative partial root-zone irrigation were reduced by 5% and 75%, respectively, and the water use efficiency was increased by 60%. Under severe drought conditions, the root cap ratio in the nitrogen fertilizer treatment group was increased by 30%; the leaf area index, photosynthetic rate and biomass under alternative partial root-zone irrigation were reduced by 38%, 9% and 18%, respectively. It indicates that under severe drought conditions, alternative partial root-zone irrigation is not suitable to be matched with application of nitrogen fertilizer. In short, under moderate drought conditions, alternative partial root-zone irrigation could reduce transpiration and improve water use efficiency, and it is an effective water-saving irrigation technology for the plantation of P.volubilis plants.
文摘From 2017 to 2018,the effects of winter planting of milk vetch on yield and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer of machine-transplanted double-cropping rice under straw returning were studied in Ningxiang city,Hunan Province.The results showed that the dry matter accumulation,effective panicle,yield and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer in the stem,leaf,panicle and aboveground parts of early and late rice treated with winter planting milk vetch and straw returning were signi ficantly higher than those treated with straw returning only.Among them,the effective panicles of early and late rice increased by 2.58%,3.18%(2017)and 5.22%,6.32%(2018),respectively.Yield increased by 11.85%,10.07%(2017)and 12.42%,10.92%(2018),annual partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer increased by 10.90%(2017)and 11.66%(2018),respectively.In conclusion,winter planting milk vetch under straw returning is beneficial to increase dry matter accumulation,rice yield and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer in mechanized double cropping rice.
基金This study was supported by National Natural Science Fund of China(51469010,51109102,51769010 and 51469003)Visiting Scholar Fund of Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education,Northwest A&F University.
文摘Traditional water and fertilizer inputs are often much higher than the actual demands of tomato,which causes a reduction in water-and fertilizer-use efficiencies.To investigate the advantage of alternate partial root-zone irrigation(AI)on water-and nitrogen(N)-use efficiencies of tomato modified by water and N management,taking conventional irrigation(CI)as the control,the effects of AI on root morphology and activity,fruit yield and water and N use efficiency were studied using pot experiments.There were four combinations of irrigation levels and growing stages of tomato for AI,i.e.AI_(1)(high water(W_(H))from blooming to harvest stage(BHS)),AI_(2)(W_(H)from blooming to fruit setting stage(BFS)and low water(W_(L))at the harvest stage(HS)),AI_(3)(W_(L)at BFS and W_(H)at HS)and AI_(4)(W_(L)at BHS)at three urea rates,i.e.low urea rate(NL),middle urea rate(N_(M))and high urea rate(N_(H))in the form of urea.Irrigation quotas for W_(H)and W_(L)in AI at BFS or HS were 80%and 60%of that in CI,respectively.Compared to CI,AI decreased water consumption by 16.0%-33.1%and increased water use efficiency of yield(WUE_(y))and dry mass(WUE_(d))by 6.7%-11.9%and 10.2%-15.9%,respectively.AI_(1)did not decline yield,total N uptake(TNU)and N use efficiency(NUE)significantly.Compared to NL,N_(M)enhanced tomato yield,TNU,WUE_(y)and WUE_(d)by 28.5%,35.3%,22.6%and 16.3%,respectively.Compared to CINL,AI_(1)N_(M)reduced water consumption by 12.5%,but increased tomato yield,TNU,WUE_(y)and WUE_(d)by 35.5%,58.4%,54.4%and 53.7%,respectively.Therefore,AI_(1)can improve water use efficiency and total N uptake of tomato simultaneously at medium urea rate.
基金support from the National High-Tech 863 Project of China(2013AA103004)the program of Water Conservancy Science and Technology Plan of shaanxi Province(2014slkj-17).
文摘A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different water and nitrogen supply amounts on the comprehensive assessment of tomato fruit quality and root growth parameters under alternate partial root-zone irrigation.Three upper irrigation limitations(i.e.70%(W1),80%(W2)and 90%(W3)of field capacity,respectively)and three N-fertilizer levels(i.e.0.18(N1),0.30(N2)and 0.42(N3)g/kg soil,respectively)were arranged with a randomized complete block design,and alternate partial root-zone irrigation method was applied.Results showed that fruit yields under deficit irrigation(W1 and W2)were decreased by 6.9%and 2.0%respectively compared with W3 under N1 level.Yields of tomato under W1N1 and W1N2 combinations were also reduced by 10.3%and 7.2%,respectively compared with W1N3 combination.Root dry weight,root length,root surface area and root volume were all increased in W1N2 treatment.According to two-way ANOVA,the root parameters except root dry weight,were extremely sensitive to water,nitrogen and the cross effect of the two factors.TSS(total soluble solids),SS(soluble sugars)and OA(organic acid)in the fruits increased with the decrease in irrigation water,OA and NC reduced with decreasing amount of nitrogen.Moreover,within an appropriate range,as more irrigation water and nitrogen were applied,the higher VC(vitamin C)and lycopene contents were identified in the fruits.Eventually,the combinational evaluation method(i.e.entropy method and gray relational analysis)showed that W2N2 ranked highest in comprehensive fruit quality.Therefore,considering the tradeoff between fruit comprehensive quality and yields,upper irrigation limitation of 80%θf and N-fertilizer of 0.30 g/kg soil with alternate partial root-zone irrigation was the optimal cultivation strategy for the greenhouse tomato in autumn-winter season in northwest China.
