AIM: To study the histopathological changes in the retina and flash electroretinogram(F-ERG) features of ozone-treated streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats.METHODS: Seventy male Sprague Dawley rats were grouped a...AIM: To study the histopathological changes in the retina and flash electroretinogram(F-ERG) features of ozone-treated streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats.METHODS: Seventy male Sprague Dawley rats were grouped as follows: blank group(GB, n =10), model control group(GM, n =18), ozone group(GO3, n =19), and oxygen group(GO2, n =18). The model was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ. Ozone or oxygen enteroclysm was given twice per week for 4wk. F-ERG and histopathological examinations were performed one month after treatment.RESULTS: Under dark adaption, as compared to GB,the other groups each had differential decreases in the a-wave amplitudes(P <0.05); the latencies were delayed in GM, GO2, and GO3rats(P <0.05). Similar results were observed under light adaption, with the exception that the a-wave of the amplitudes(F =0.28, P >0.05). There were significant differences in the apoptosis index among the groups(P <0.05). Under ozone treatment,apoptosis was decreased in GO3 as compared to GM and GO2.CONCLUSION: Ozone administration alleviates nerve damage and reduces pathology and apoptosis in the retinas of diabetic rats.展开更多
Objective: To explore the genotoxic potential and histopathological changes induced in liver, kidney, testis, brain and heart after using the antibiotic drug amoxicillin/clavulanic acid(4:1).Methods: The study include...Objective: To explore the genotoxic potential and histopathological changes induced in liver, kidney, testis, brain and heart after using the antibiotic drug amoxicillin/clavulanic acid(4:1).Methods: The study included chromosomal aberration analysis in bone-marrow and mouse spermatocytes, induction of sperm morphological abnormalities and histopathological changes in different body organs. The drug was administrated orally at a dose of81 mg/kg body weight twice daily(Total = 162 mg/kg/day) for various periods of time equivalent to 625 mg/men(twice daily).Results: The results revealed non-significant chromosomal aberrations induced after treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid(AC) in both bone marrow and mouse spermatocytes after 7 and 10 days treatment. On the other hand, statistically significant percentages of sperm morphological abnormalities were recorded. Such percentage reached 8.10 ± 0.55, 9.86 ± 0.63 and 12.12 ± 0.58 at the three time intervals tested(7, 14 and 35 days after the 1 st treatment respectively)(treatment performed for 5 successive days) compared with 2.78 ± 0.48 for the control. The results also revealed histopathological changes in different body organs after AC treatment which increased with the prolongation of the period of therapy. Congestion of central vain, liver hemorrhage and hydropic changes in hepatocytes were noticed in the liver. Degenerative changes were found in kidney glomerulus and tubules while testis showed atrophy of seminiferous tubules, and reduction of spermatogenesis. AC also induced neurotoxicity and altered brain neurotransmitter levels. Hemorrhage in the myocardium, disruption of cardiac muscle fibers and pyknotic nuclei in cardiomyocytes were recorded as side effects of AC in heart tissue.Conclusions: The results concluded that AC treatment induced sperm morphological abnormalities and histopathological changes in different body organs. Clinicians must be aware of such results while describing the drug.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a commonly seen acute abdominal syndrome characterized by sudden onset,rapid progression and high mortality rate.The damage in peripheral organs may be more severe than th...BACKGROUND:Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a commonly seen acute abdominal syndrome characterized by sudden onset,rapid progression and high mortality rate.The damage in peripheral organs may be more severe than that in the pancreas,and can even lead to multiple organ dysfunction.It is critical to recognize early pathological changes in multiple organs.This study aimed to assess the early pathological features of damaged organs in a rat model of SAP.METHODS:Thirty clean grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into a model control group (n=15) and a sham-operated group (n=15).The SAP rat model was induced by sodium taurocholate.Samples of blood and from multiple organs were collected 3 hours after operation.We assessed the levels of IL-6,TNF-α,PLA2,NO,ET-1,MDA,amylases and endotoxin in blood and observed the early pathological changes in multiple damaged organs.RESULTS:Levels of IL-6,TNF-α,PLA2,NO,ET-1 and MDA in serum and of amylase and endotoxin in plasma of the model control group rats were significantly higher than those of the sham-operated group (P<0.01).Different degrees of pathological change were observed in multiple damaged organs.CONCLUSION:Multiple organ injury may occur at the early stage of SAP in rats.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)features fatal pathogenetic conditions and high mortality rate.The study of SAP complicated with multiple organ injuries is of important significance.In this study,we explored ...BACKGROUND:Severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)features fatal pathogenetic conditions and high mortality rate.The study of SAP complicated with multiple organ injuries is of important significance.In this study,we explored the protective effect of baicalin on multiple organs of SAP rats and compared it with that of octreotide through light and electron microscopic observations of the pathological changes. METHODS:The improved Aho method was used to prepare SAP rat models.These rats were then randomly divided into a sham-operated group(n=45),a model control group(n=45), baicalin-treated group(n=45)and octreotide-treated group (n=45).Based on the difference in time points after operation, these groups were subdivided into 3,6 and 12 hour subgroups (n=15).At the corresponding time point after operation,the mortality rate of rats was recorded,and then the rats were humanely killed to take samples of multiple organs that were subsequently examined for pathological changes under light and electron microscopy. RESULTS:At 12 hours after operation,the mortality rate of rats in the baicalin-and octreotide-treated groups was lower than that in the model control group(P【0.05).Compared to the model control group,the pathological changes and pathological scores in the baicalin-and octreotide-treated groups were mitigated and relieved to varying degrees.The pathological changes under electron microscopy were also improved.CONCLUSIONS:Both baicalin and octreotide show good protective effects on multiple organs of SAP rats.Baicalin as a new drug has good prospects in the treatment of SAP.展开更多
AIM To investigate the temporal sequence of pathological changes in the cellular structures of retina and choroidea in the early stages of diabetes in laboratory animals.METHODS Experimental type 1 diabetes was modele...AIM To investigate the temporal sequence of pathological changes in the cellular structures of retina and choroidea in the early stages of diabetes in laboratory animals.METHODS Experimental type 1 diabetes was modeled by three intraperitoneal injections of an alloxan solution into 30 male nonlinear rats at 16 wk of age. The 30 th and 60 th days from the final alloxan injection were chosen as the endpoints. Light and electron microscopy and morphometric and immunohistochemical studies were performed on histological slices of eyeballs from experimental animals.RESULTS Diabetic disturbances progressed to 60 d of the experiment. Thus, in the retina, a partial destruction of photoreceptors accompanied by interstitial edema was observed. The morphometric analysis revealed a reduction in the thickness of the retina. A reduction in the number of blood vessels of the choroid with disturbances of the endothelial cells and the vascular walls and a persistent reduction in the number of melanocytes were observed. The number of proliferating Ki-67 positive cells decreased, and the number of macrophages increased with diabetes development.CONCLUSION The starting point in the development of destructive changes involves early reduction in the number of melanocytes of the choroidea and alterations in the retinal pigment epithelium.展开更多
Purpose:To observe the pathological changes in rabbit retinas and the measure of glutamic acid levels in the vitreous body after suffering from high-speed bullet injuries.Methods:Rabbits eyeball contusion models were ...Purpose:To observe the pathological changes in rabbit retinas and the measure of glutamic acid levels in the vitreous body after suffering from high-speed bullet injuries.Methods:Rabbits eyeball contusion models were established with high-speed bullets,i.e,the rabbits eyes were shot with a fixed air rifle at a speed of 90 m/s.(using plastic bullets,weighing 0.201 g,on average).Retinal tissues treated with HE staining and were prepared for light microscopy examination and glutamate levels were tested at different time points after the injury.Results:Edema,exudation,hemorrhage,and rupture were evident in rabbit retinas following bullet injuries.Meanwhile,glutamate levels gradually increased as time proceeded.Conclusion:Visual impairment is related with retinal damages after high-speed bullet injuries.Increased glutamate concentration serves as a potential factor for aggravating retinal injuries.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Liver biopsy plays an important role inaccurate diagnosis of various liver diseases in children andliver damages caused by systemic illnesses. This study wasdesigned to evaluate the value of liver biopsy i...BACKGROUND: Liver biopsy plays an important role inaccurate diagnosis of various liver diseases in children andliver damages caused by systemic illnesses. This study wasdesigned to evaluate the value of liver biopsy in diagnosis ofliver diseases in children and explore the relationship be-tween their pathological changes and clinical manifesta-tions.METHODS: One-second liver biopsy was performed in1023 pediatric patients with liver diseases at our departmentfrom 1983 to 2000. Diagnosis of viral hepatitis was based onthe diagnostic criteria formulated by the Chinese Society ofInfectious and Parasitic Diseases in 1995. Inflammatorychanges of the liver were graded from 0 to 4 (G0-4 ).RESULTS: Liver biopsy was performed successfully in 1020patients including 135 infants and young children, of whom90% were hospitalized patients with chronic liver diseases.Hepatitis virus was the leading cause for chronic liver disea-ses, among which hepatitis B was detected in 75.4% of thepatients. Sixty-nine patients showed liver impairment in-duced by disorders relevant to that metabolism, Wilson’ sdisease, and glycogen storage disease. Liver inflammatory in-jury (<G2) was found in 76.4% of the patients with hepatitisB in contrast to 61.2% of adult patients. It was aggravatedwith age in the patients with hepatitis B and C and peakedat their schooling age. Moderate or severe liver injurieswere not seen in infants with chronic hepatitis B. Two in-fants had chronic hepatitis C. Patients with non-viral hepa-titis showed specific, non-specific histological changes andliver cirrhosis.CONCLUSIONS: Liver inflammatory injuries are more com-mon in children with hepatitis B than in adult patients, andsevere inflammatory changes are seen in children with hepa-titis B and C at their school age. Liver injuries induced bynon-viral factors seem to be increasing, and liver biopsy inchildren is safe and feasible in the diagnosis of liver disea-ses.展开更多
In order to provide an experimental foundation and pathological base for earlyreconstruction of maxillofacial tissues defects after firearms wound using microsurgicalmethods,an experiment,was made to study the microva...In order to provide an experimental foundation and pathological base for earlyreconstruction of maxillofacial tissues defects after firearms wound using microsurgicalmethods,an experiment,was made to study the microvascular pathological changesthrough light and electron microscopy observation.In the experiment we found somepathological changes of small vessels in wounded region,such as mierothrombi forma-tion,endothelial loss,internal elastic membrane break and some degenerations,necrosis within endothelial and smooth muscle cells of vessel.The nearer the woundededge was,the more evident injury was.The microvascular injurous range was 3 cm dis-tant from wounded edge,which recovered in 7 days later after wounding.The experi-ment indicated that if we used the vascularized free tissue transfer to repair defects ofmaxillofacial firearms wounds,the pedicles of flap should be anastomosed to distant re-cipient vesseles which could be chosen beyond 3 cm from wounded edge.Thereconstructive operation should be done 7 days later after wound.展开更多
Chinese giant salamander ranavirus(CGSRV) is an emerging pathogen in captive populations of the Chinese giant salamander(Andrias davidianus). We processed 140 morbid Chinese giant salamanders from seven captive breedi...Chinese giant salamander ranavirus(CGSRV) is an emerging pathogen in captive populations of the Chinese giant salamander(Andrias davidianus). We processed 140 morbid Chinese giant salamanders from seven captive breeding populations over five years, and describe the disease associated with CGSRV infection. The most common gross signs were significant swelling of the legs and coelomic cavity, erythema of the legs and ventrum in juveniles; cutaneous erosions and ulcerations in adults, particularly the limbs and the head; and marked petechial or ecchymotic hemorrhages of the internal organs, particularly the liver, spleen and kidney. Histological examination showed degeneration, necrosis, and inflammation in many organs, particularly in the organs where hemorrhage was observed. There was evidence of eosinophilic inclusion bodies in degenerated and necrotic cells. We identified virus particles and empty capsids without viral nucleoid in the inclusion bodies using electron microscopy. Virus particles were hexagonal or round shape, and appeared in paracrystalline arrays, aggregates, or singly. All enveloped viral particles were 140–160 nm. Polymerase chain reaction followed by sequencing verified that the virus particles were CGSRV. These results collectively support that CGSRV was the etiologic agent responsible for these mass die-offs of the Chinese giant salamander. The pathology described herein will be useful in diagnosing cases of ranaviral disease caused by CGSRV, and provide evidence that this pathogen is a significant threat to the Chinese giant salamander.展开更多
Non-traumatic injury accounts for approximately half of clinical spinal cord injury, including chronic spinal cord compression. However, previous rodent spinal cord compression models are mainly designed for rats, few...Non-traumatic injury accounts for approximately half of clinical spinal cord injury, including chronic spinal cord compression. However, previous rodent spinal cord compression models are mainly designed for rats, few are available for mice. Our aim is to develop a thoracic progressive compression mice model of spinal cord injury. In this study, adult wild-type C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups: in the surgery group, a screw was inserted at T9 lamina to compress the spinal cord, and the compression was increased by turning it further into the canal(0.2 mm) post-surgery every 2 weeks up to 8 weeks. In the control group, a hole was drilled into the lamina without inserting a screw. The results showed that Basso Mouse Scale scores were lower and gait worsened. In addition, the degree of hindlimb dysfunction in mice was consistent with the degree of spinal cord compression. The number of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord was reduced in all groups of mice, whereas astrocytes and microglia were gradually activated and proliferated. In conclusion, this progressive compression of thoracic spinal cord injury in mice is a preferable model for chronic progressive spinal cord compression injury.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease(AD)is the most prevalent dementia partially driven by genetics.Recently,a meta-analysis of large scale genome-wide association studies has identified a quantity of AD risk genes.To further inve...Alzheimer's disease(AD)is the most prevalent dementia partially driven by genetics.Recently,a meta-analysis of large scale genome-wide association studies has identified a quantity of AD risk genes.To further investigate the correlation between the genetic variants and pathological progress,we examined 94 brain samples in the Chinese population from the National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function.展开更多
Purpose:To investigate the pathological changes of epiretinal membranes(ERM)and internal limiting membrane (ILM) removed during idiopathic macular hole surgery.Methods:Ten consecutive patients with a unilateral idiopa...Purpose:To investigate the pathological changes of epiretinal membranes(ERM)and internal limiting membrane (ILM) removed during idiopathic macular hole surgery.Methods:Ten consecutive patients with a unilateral idiopathic macular hole underwent pars plana vitrectomy(PPV) with the surgical removal of the ERMs overlying the hole and ILM surrounding the hole. The pathological features of the excised tissues were examined under the microscope. Results:According to the morphological changes, four ERMs showed cellular elements which looked like glia cells, macrophages, plasma cells, lymphocytes and fibroblast cells. Two of the ILM appeared as transparent membranes without cellular elements. The other eight ILM showed cellular elements on the transparent membranes.Conclusion: Our study supports the hypothesis that the tangential traction of vitreous and proliferative cellular elements on the inner surface of ILM causes idiopathic macular holes. Removal of the posterior cortical vitreous, ILM and proliferative cellular tissue is a valid treatment for IMH.展开更多
To verify through animal experiment the validity of chemical cholecystectomy. Methods: The experimental objects seven healthy Juvenile pigs,hardener was infused into the gallbladder,after infusion the samples were col...To verify through animal experiment the validity of chemical cholecystectomy. Methods: The experimental objects seven healthy Juvenile pigs,hardener was infused into the gallbladder,after infusion the samples were collected by pathological examination, according to the different duration under anesthestize. Results: The mucous destructive and digestive process remained with one week,the inflammatory reacton in two weeks,the chronic inflammatory reaction compained a great deal of granulation tissue and scar formation occurred in 4th-8th week, 10 weeks latter,the inflammatory reaction reduced, and scar tissue formed. Conclusion: Chemical cholecystectomy is safe and reliable in clinical.展开更多
Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging has been shown to quantitatively measure the early pathological changes in chronic cervical spondylotic myelopathy.In this study,a novel spongy polyurethane material was imp...Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging has been shown to quantitatively measure the early pathological changes in chronic cervical spondylotic myelopathy.In this study,a novel spongy polyurethane material was implanted in the rat C3–5epidural space to establish a rat model of chronic cervical spondylotic myelopathy.Diffusion tensor data were used to predict pathological changes.Results revealed that the fractional anisotropy value gradually decreased at 4,24,and 72 hours and1 week after injury in rat spinal cord,showing a time-dependent manner.Average diffusion coefficient increased at 72 hours and 1 week after implantation.Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Luxol-fast-blue staining exhibited that the number of neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord gray matter and the nerve fiber density of the white matter gradually reduced with prolonged compression time.Neuronal loss was most significant at 1 week after injury.Results verified that the fractional anisotropy value and average diffusion coefficient reflected the degree of pathological change in the site of compression in rat models at various time points after chronic spinal cord compression injury,which potentially has a reference value in the early diagnosis of chronic cervical spondylotic myelopathy.展开更多
To evaluate the immunogenicity of inactivated SARS coronavirus(SARS-CoV),three groups of rabbits were immunized three times at 2-week intervals with inactivated vaccine + adjuvant,adjuvant,and normal saline respective...To evaluate the immunogenicity of inactivated SARS coronavirus(SARS-CoV),three groups of rabbits were immunized three times at 2-week intervals with inactivated vaccine + adjuvant,adjuvant,and normal saline respectively.Eight batchs of serum were sampled from the auricular vein at day 7 to day 51,and specific IgG antibody titers and neutralizing antibody titers were detected by indirect ELISA and micro-cytopathic effect neutralizing test.Antibody specificity was identified by proteinchip assay.Histopathological changes were detected by H&E staining.The results showed that,rabbits in the experimental group immunized with inactivated SARS-CoV all generated specific IgG antibodies with neutralizing activity,which suggested the inactivated SARS-CoV could preserve its antigenicity well and elicit an effective humoral immune responses.The peak titer value of specific IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody reached 1:40960 and 1:2560 respectively.In the experimental group,no obvious histopathological changes was detected in the H&E stained slides of heart,spleen,kidney and testis samples,but the livers had slight histopathological changes,and the lungs presented remarkable histopathological changes.These findings are of importance for SARS-CoV inactivated vaccine development.展开更多
The development of microenvironment-responsive nanoprobes has shown great promise for use in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),with the advantage of significantly improved specificity and good biocompatibility.However,t...The development of microenvironment-responsive nanoprobes has shown great promise for use in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),with the advantage of significantly improved specificity and good biocompatibility.However,the clinical application of responsive probes is hampered by a lack of biological sensitivity for early molecular diagnostics and visualizing microenvionment of metabolism reprogramming in tumor progression.Here,we report on a dual-ratiometric magnetic resonance tunable(DMRT)nanoprobe designed by crosslinking different ratios of transferrin chelating gadolinium and superparamagnetic nanoparticles,complexed to a pH responsive biocompatible polymer.This dually activatable nanoprobe enables pH-dependent tumor microenvironment visualization,providing exceptional quantitative pathophysiological information in vitro and in vivo.When used in combination with dual-contrast enhancement triple subtraction imaging technique(DETSI),this smart nanoprobe guarantees the diagnosis of early-stage diseases.We envisage that this novel integrated nanoplatform will provide a new paradigm for the clinical translation of robust DMRT nanoprobes for early disease detection and staging,as well as microenvironment visualization and disease progression monitoring.展开更多
Background:Maternal infection by SARS-CoV-2 may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes and causes pathological changes in the placenta.However,consensus regarding characteristic pathological features is lacking.Researchof...Background:Maternal infection by SARS-CoV-2 may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes and causes pathological changes in the placenta.However,consensus regarding characteristic pathological features is lacking.Researchof the placental histopathology in a cohort of women from Mizoram,India,was conducted to relate the SARS-CoV-2 infection's effectswith pregnancy and its outcome.Materials and methods:The characteristics of 72 pregnant women diagnosed positive for SARS-CoV-2 who eventually delivered at Zoram Medical College Hospital,Mizoram,neonates'well-being,and histopathological features of placentas were studied.Results:Of 72 women in this study,59(81.9%)gave birth at full term.Among these births,5 were normal vaginal deliveries,while the remaining 67(93.1%)were delivered via cesarean section.The reasons for cesarean delivery were either related to SARS-CoV-2 infection(n=49),existing obstetric problems(n=15)or fetal-distress(n=5).All deliveries resulted in live births of COVID-negative babies,with 80.6%(n=58)of the newborns having a birth weight of over 2.5 kg.APGAR scores ranged from 4 to 6 in 61(84.7%)of the babies,and 10 neonates required resuscitation,of which 8 were managed in the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU).The placental histopathology showed increased fibrin thrombi in 8 cases(11.1%),while 20 cases(28%)showed focal infarction,microcalcification levels were elevated in 16 cases(22.2%),and a small percentage of cases(1.4%)exhibited small fibrotic villi and inter-villus agglutination.Placental chorioangiosis was detected in 28(38.9%)of the cases,while avascular villi were seen in 6 cases.Meconium-stained liquor was observed in a single case.Intervillous hemorrhage was found in 42 cases,whileintervillous inflammation and increased syncytial knots were present in 14 and 5 cases,respectively.The placenta pathology of 10 neonates who required resuscitation/NICU admission was not significantly different from that of the 62 neonates who did not require it.However,a higher proportion of placenta from the asymptomatic group showed no abnormality compared to the symp-tomatic group(p=0.046).Conclusion:SARS-CoV-2 infection causes a range of morphological changes and lesions in the placenta,including chorangiosis,villositis,chorioamnionitis,fetal vascular malperfusion/thrombosis,fibrin-deposition,increased syncytial-knotting,increased microcalcification,increased villous agglutination,focal infarct,intervilloush-emorrhage as well as inflammation.Placental histopathological findings from this study can provide additional information to the existing literature on the subject.展开更多
The build-up of misfoldedα-synuclein(α-syn)in the central nervous system is the pathological hallmark of a number of neurodegenerative diseases that are known asα-synucleinopathies.These include Parkinson’s diseas...The build-up of misfoldedα-synuclein(α-syn)in the central nervous system is the pathological hallmark of a number of neurodegenerative diseases that are known asα-synucleinopathies.These include Parkinson’s disease(PD),Parkinson’s disease with dementia(PDD),dementia with Lewy body(LB),multiple system atrophy(MSA),and a subset of Alzheimer’s disease.Growing evidence underscores that the intercellular transmission and amplification of pathologicalα-syn are critical processes underlying the progression ofα-synucleinopathies(Peng et al.,2020),and as such,the study of these processes could lead to the identification of promising therapeutics to mitigate disease progression.Most previous studies have focused solely on pathological seeds in relation to disease progression.展开更多
Climate change is the phrase used to describe long-term changes in temperatures and weather patterns. Changes in the atmosphere and their interactions with diverse geologic, chemical, biological, and geographic variab...Climate change is the phrase used to describe long-term changes in temperatures and weather patterns. Changes in the atmosphere and their interactions with diverse geologic, chemical, biological, and geographic variables are the main contributors to this cyclical adjustment of the Earth’s climate. Such changes may be induced purposefully, because of burning fossil fuels, clearing forests, and raising animals, or they may be natural, brought on by significant volcanic eruptions or variations in the sun’s activity. By significantly increasing the amount of greenhouse gases already in the atmosphere, this heightens the greenhouse effect and contributes to global warming. This work includes several additional theoretical and practical explanations of sustainable development. The theoretical work encompasses hundreds of researches that identify requirements for how development routes might satisfy sustainable development (SD) criteria using economic theory, complex systems approach, ecological science, and other techniques. The agreements made by the Parties in various nations across the world will consider a wide range of perspectives about what would be considered undesirable effects on the environment, the climate system, sustainability, economic growth, or food production.展开更多
基金Supported by the Xinjiang Natural Science Research Fund (No. 2014211C046)
文摘AIM: To study the histopathological changes in the retina and flash electroretinogram(F-ERG) features of ozone-treated streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats.METHODS: Seventy male Sprague Dawley rats were grouped as follows: blank group(GB, n =10), model control group(GM, n =18), ozone group(GO3, n =19), and oxygen group(GO2, n =18). The model was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ. Ozone or oxygen enteroclysm was given twice per week for 4wk. F-ERG and histopathological examinations were performed one month after treatment.RESULTS: Under dark adaption, as compared to GB,the other groups each had differential decreases in the a-wave amplitudes(P <0.05); the latencies were delayed in GM, GO2, and GO3rats(P <0.05). Similar results were observed under light adaption, with the exception that the a-wave of the amplitudes(F =0.28, P >0.05). There were significant differences in the apoptosis index among the groups(P <0.05). Under ozone treatment,apoptosis was decreased in GO3 as compared to GM and GO2.CONCLUSION: Ozone administration alleviates nerve damage and reduces pathology and apoptosis in the retinas of diabetic rats.
基金supported by the project in National Research Centre under grant number: 10090013, Cairo, Egypt
文摘Objective: To explore the genotoxic potential and histopathological changes induced in liver, kidney, testis, brain and heart after using the antibiotic drug amoxicillin/clavulanic acid(4:1).Methods: The study included chromosomal aberration analysis in bone-marrow and mouse spermatocytes, induction of sperm morphological abnormalities and histopathological changes in different body organs. The drug was administrated orally at a dose of81 mg/kg body weight twice daily(Total = 162 mg/kg/day) for various periods of time equivalent to 625 mg/men(twice daily).Results: The results revealed non-significant chromosomal aberrations induced after treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid(AC) in both bone marrow and mouse spermatocytes after 7 and 10 days treatment. On the other hand, statistically significant percentages of sperm morphological abnormalities were recorded. Such percentage reached 8.10 ± 0.55, 9.86 ± 0.63 and 12.12 ± 0.58 at the three time intervals tested(7, 14 and 35 days after the 1 st treatment respectively)(treatment performed for 5 successive days) compared with 2.78 ± 0.48 for the control. The results also revealed histopathological changes in different body organs after AC treatment which increased with the prolongation of the period of therapy. Congestion of central vain, liver hemorrhage and hydropic changes in hepatocytes were noticed in the liver. Degenerative changes were found in kidney glomerulus and tubules while testis showed atrophy of seminiferous tubules, and reduction of spermatogenesis. AC also induced neurotoxicity and altered brain neurotransmitter levels. Hemorrhage in the myocardium, disruption of cardiac muscle fibers and pyknotic nuclei in cardiomyocytes were recorded as side effects of AC in heart tissue.Conclusions: The results concluded that AC treatment induced sperm morphological abnormalities and histopathological changes in different body organs. Clinicians must be aware of such results while describing the drug.
基金supported by grants from the Intensive Foundation Project for Technology of Hangzhou (2004Z006)
文摘BACKGROUND:Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a commonly seen acute abdominal syndrome characterized by sudden onset,rapid progression and high mortality rate.The damage in peripheral organs may be more severe than that in the pancreas,and can even lead to multiple organ dysfunction.It is critical to recognize early pathological changes in multiple organs.This study aimed to assess the early pathological features of damaged organs in a rat model of SAP.METHODS:Thirty clean grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into a model control group (n=15) and a sham-operated group (n=15).The SAP rat model was induced by sodium taurocholate.Samples of blood and from multiple organs were collected 3 hours after operation.We assessed the levels of IL-6,TNF-α,PLA2,NO,ET-1,MDA,amylases and endotoxin in blood and observed the early pathological changes in multiple damaged organs.RESULTS:Levels of IL-6,TNF-α,PLA2,NO,ET-1 and MDA in serum and of amylase and endotoxin in plasma of the model control group rats were significantly higher than those of the sham-operated group (P<0.01).Different degrees of pathological change were observed in multiple damaged organs.CONCLUSION:Multiple organ injury may occur at the early stage of SAP in rats.
文摘BACKGROUND:Severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)features fatal pathogenetic conditions and high mortality rate.The study of SAP complicated with multiple organ injuries is of important significance.In this study,we explored the protective effect of baicalin on multiple organs of SAP rats and compared it with that of octreotide through light and electron microscopic observations of the pathological changes. METHODS:The improved Aho method was used to prepare SAP rat models.These rats were then randomly divided into a sham-operated group(n=45),a model control group(n=45), baicalin-treated group(n=45)and octreotide-treated group (n=45).Based on the difference in time points after operation, these groups were subdivided into 3,6 and 12 hour subgroups (n=15).At the corresponding time point after operation,the mortality rate of rats was recorded,and then the rats were humanely killed to take samples of multiple organs that were subsequently examined for pathological changes under light and electron microscopy. RESULTS:At 12 hours after operation,the mortality rate of rats in the baicalin-and octreotide-treated groups was lower than that in the model control group(P【0.05).Compared to the model control group,the pathological changes and pathological scores in the baicalin-and octreotide-treated groups were mitigated and relieved to varying degrees.The pathological changes under electron microscopy were also improved.CONCLUSIONS:Both baicalin and octreotide show good protective effects on multiple organs of SAP rats.Baicalin as a new drug has good prospects in the treatment of SAP.
基金Supported by the Russian Science Foundation,No.16-15-00039
文摘AIM To investigate the temporal sequence of pathological changes in the cellular structures of retina and choroidea in the early stages of diabetes in laboratory animals.METHODS Experimental type 1 diabetes was modeled by three intraperitoneal injections of an alloxan solution into 30 male nonlinear rats at 16 wk of age. The 30 th and 60 th days from the final alloxan injection were chosen as the endpoints. Light and electron microscopy and morphometric and immunohistochemical studies were performed on histological slices of eyeballs from experimental animals.RESULTS Diabetic disturbances progressed to 60 d of the experiment. Thus, in the retina, a partial destruction of photoreceptors accompanied by interstitial edema was observed. The morphometric analysis revealed a reduction in the thickness of the retina. A reduction in the number of blood vessels of the choroid with disturbances of the endothelial cells and the vascular walls and a persistent reduction in the number of melanocytes were observed. The number of proliferating Ki-67 positive cells decreased, and the number of macrophages increased with diabetes development.CONCLUSION The starting point in the development of destructive changes involves early reduction in the number of melanocytes of the choroidea and alterations in the retinal pigment epithelium.
基金Medicine and health scientific research fund supported by Nanjing Military Region (06MA118)
文摘Purpose:To observe the pathological changes in rabbit retinas and the measure of glutamic acid levels in the vitreous body after suffering from high-speed bullet injuries.Methods:Rabbits eyeball contusion models were established with high-speed bullets,i.e,the rabbits eyes were shot with a fixed air rifle at a speed of 90 m/s.(using plastic bullets,weighing 0.201 g,on average).Retinal tissues treated with HE staining and were prepared for light microscopy examination and glutamate levels were tested at different time points after the injury.Results:Edema,exudation,hemorrhage,and rupture were evident in rabbit retinas following bullet injuries.Meanwhile,glutamate levels gradually increased as time proceeded.Conclusion:Visual impairment is related with retinal damages after high-speed bullet injuries.Increased glutamate concentration serves as a potential factor for aggravating retinal injuries.
文摘BACKGROUND: Liver biopsy plays an important role inaccurate diagnosis of various liver diseases in children andliver damages caused by systemic illnesses. This study wasdesigned to evaluate the value of liver biopsy in diagnosis ofliver diseases in children and explore the relationship be-tween their pathological changes and clinical manifesta-tions.METHODS: One-second liver biopsy was performed in1023 pediatric patients with liver diseases at our departmentfrom 1983 to 2000. Diagnosis of viral hepatitis was based onthe diagnostic criteria formulated by the Chinese Society ofInfectious and Parasitic Diseases in 1995. Inflammatorychanges of the liver were graded from 0 to 4 (G0-4 ).RESULTS: Liver biopsy was performed successfully in 1020patients including 135 infants and young children, of whom90% were hospitalized patients with chronic liver diseases.Hepatitis virus was the leading cause for chronic liver disea-ses, among which hepatitis B was detected in 75.4% of thepatients. Sixty-nine patients showed liver impairment in-duced by disorders relevant to that metabolism, Wilson’ sdisease, and glycogen storage disease. Liver inflammatory in-jury (<G2) was found in 76.4% of the patients with hepatitisB in contrast to 61.2% of adult patients. It was aggravatedwith age in the patients with hepatitis B and C and peakedat their schooling age. Moderate or severe liver injurieswere not seen in infants with chronic hepatitis B. Two in-fants had chronic hepatitis C. Patients with non-viral hepa-titis showed specific, non-specific histological changes andliver cirrhosis.CONCLUSIONS: Liver inflammatory injuries are more com-mon in children with hepatitis B than in adult patients, andsevere inflammatory changes are seen in children with hepa-titis B and C at their school age. Liver injuries induced bynon-viral factors seem to be increasing, and liver biopsy inchildren is safe and feasible in the diagnosis of liver disea-ses.
文摘In order to provide an experimental foundation and pathological base for earlyreconstruction of maxillofacial tissues defects after firearms wound using microsurgicalmethods,an experiment,was made to study the microvascular pathological changesthrough light and electron microscopy observation.In the experiment we found somepathological changes of small vessels in wounded region,such as mierothrombi forma-tion,endothelial loss,internal elastic membrane break and some degenerations,necrosis within endothelial and smooth muscle cells of vessel.The nearer the woundededge was,the more evident injury was.The microvascular injurous range was 3 cm dis-tant from wounded edge,which recovered in 7 days later after wounding.The experi-ment indicated that if we used the vascularized free tissue transfer to repair defects ofmaxillofacial firearms wounds,the pedicles of flap should be anastomosed to distant re-cipient vesseles which could be chosen beyond 3 cm from wounded edge.Thereconstructive operation should be done 7 days later after wound.
基金supported by the Sichuan Technology Support Planning (No.2014NZ0027)Sichuan Academic Leader Training Fund (No.2015RST0016)
文摘Chinese giant salamander ranavirus(CGSRV) is an emerging pathogen in captive populations of the Chinese giant salamander(Andrias davidianus). We processed 140 morbid Chinese giant salamanders from seven captive breeding populations over five years, and describe the disease associated with CGSRV infection. The most common gross signs were significant swelling of the legs and coelomic cavity, erythema of the legs and ventrum in juveniles; cutaneous erosions and ulcerations in adults, particularly the limbs and the head; and marked petechial or ecchymotic hemorrhages of the internal organs, particularly the liver, spleen and kidney. Histological examination showed degeneration, necrosis, and inflammation in many organs, particularly in the organs where hemorrhage was observed. There was evidence of eosinophilic inclusion bodies in degenerated and necrotic cells. We identified virus particles and empty capsids without viral nucleoid in the inclusion bodies using electron microscopy. Virus particles were hexagonal or round shape, and appeared in paracrystalline arrays, aggregates, or singly. All enveloped viral particles were 140–160 nm. Polymerase chain reaction followed by sequencing verified that the virus particles were CGSRV. These results collectively support that CGSRV was the etiologic agent responsible for these mass die-offs of the Chinese giant salamander. The pathology described herein will be useful in diagnosing cases of ranaviral disease caused by CGSRV, and provide evidence that this pathogen is a significant threat to the Chinese giant salamander.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31400824a grant from the Science and Technology Program of Jiangmen City of China,No.2015751the Scientific Research and Cultivating Foundation of the First Clinical Medical College of Jinan University of China,No.2013208
文摘Non-traumatic injury accounts for approximately half of clinical spinal cord injury, including chronic spinal cord compression. However, previous rodent spinal cord compression models are mainly designed for rats, few are available for mice. Our aim is to develop a thoracic progressive compression mice model of spinal cord injury. In this study, adult wild-type C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups: in the surgery group, a screw was inserted at T9 lamina to compress the spinal cord, and the compression was increased by turning it further into the canal(0.2 mm) post-surgery every 2 weeks up to 8 weeks. In the control group, a hole was drilled into the lamina without inserting a screw. The results showed that Basso Mouse Scale scores were lower and gait worsened. In addition, the degree of hindlimb dysfunction in mice was consistent with the degree of spinal cord compression. The number of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord was reduced in all groups of mice, whereas astrocytes and microglia were gradually activated and proliferated. In conclusion, this progressive compression of thoracic spinal cord injury in mice is a preferable model for chronic progressive spinal cord compression injury.
文摘Alzheimer's disease(AD)is the most prevalent dementia partially driven by genetics.Recently,a meta-analysis of large scale genome-wide association studies has identified a quantity of AD risk genes.To further investigate the correlation between the genetic variants and pathological progress,we examined 94 brain samples in the Chinese population from the National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function.
文摘Purpose:To investigate the pathological changes of epiretinal membranes(ERM)and internal limiting membrane (ILM) removed during idiopathic macular hole surgery.Methods:Ten consecutive patients with a unilateral idiopathic macular hole underwent pars plana vitrectomy(PPV) with the surgical removal of the ERMs overlying the hole and ILM surrounding the hole. The pathological features of the excised tissues were examined under the microscope. Results:According to the morphological changes, four ERMs showed cellular elements which looked like glia cells, macrophages, plasma cells, lymphocytes and fibroblast cells. Two of the ILM appeared as transparent membranes without cellular elements. The other eight ILM showed cellular elements on the transparent membranes.Conclusion: Our study supports the hypothesis that the tangential traction of vitreous and proliferative cellular elements on the inner surface of ILM causes idiopathic macular holes. Removal of the posterior cortical vitreous, ILM and proliferative cellular tissue is a valid treatment for IMH.
基金the Yourth Scientific Reseach Foundatim of Guangdong Province(199619)
文摘To verify through animal experiment the validity of chemical cholecystectomy. Methods: The experimental objects seven healthy Juvenile pigs,hardener was infused into the gallbladder,after infusion the samples were collected by pathological examination, according to the different duration under anesthestize. Results: The mucous destructive and digestive process remained with one week,the inflammatory reacton in two weeks,the chronic inflammatory reaction compained a great deal of granulation tissue and scar formation occurred in 4th-8th week, 10 weeks latter,the inflammatory reaction reduced, and scar tissue formed. Conclusion: Chemical cholecystectomy is safe and reliable in clinical.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China,No.S2011010004843the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30770679,31070941,30570572the Major Basic Research of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(973 Project),No.2010CB530004
文摘Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging has been shown to quantitatively measure the early pathological changes in chronic cervical spondylotic myelopathy.In this study,a novel spongy polyurethane material was implanted in the rat C3–5epidural space to establish a rat model of chronic cervical spondylotic myelopathy.Diffusion tensor data were used to predict pathological changes.Results revealed that the fractional anisotropy value gradually decreased at 4,24,and 72 hours and1 week after injury in rat spinal cord,showing a time-dependent manner.Average diffusion coefficient increased at 72 hours and 1 week after implantation.Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Luxol-fast-blue staining exhibited that the number of neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord gray matter and the nerve fiber density of the white matter gradually reduced with prolonged compression time.Neuronal loss was most significant at 1 week after injury.Results verified that the fractional anisotropy value and average diffusion coefficient reflected the degree of pathological change in the site of compression in rat models at various time points after chronic spinal cord compression injury,which potentially has a reference value in the early diagnosis of chronic cervical spondylotic myelopathy.
基金Joint funds of National Natural Science Foundation of China (U0632010)Program of Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Bioengineering Medicine (51207026).
文摘To evaluate the immunogenicity of inactivated SARS coronavirus(SARS-CoV),three groups of rabbits were immunized three times at 2-week intervals with inactivated vaccine + adjuvant,adjuvant,and normal saline respectively.Eight batchs of serum were sampled from the auricular vein at day 7 to day 51,and specific IgG antibody titers and neutralizing antibody titers were detected by indirect ELISA and micro-cytopathic effect neutralizing test.Antibody specificity was identified by proteinchip assay.Histopathological changes were detected by H&E staining.The results showed that,rabbits in the experimental group immunized with inactivated SARS-CoV all generated specific IgG antibodies with neutralizing activity,which suggested the inactivated SARS-CoV could preserve its antigenicity well and elicit an effective humoral immune responses.The peak titer value of specific IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody reached 1:40960 and 1:2560 respectively.In the experimental group,no obvious histopathological changes was detected in the H&E stained slides of heart,spleen,kidney and testis samples,but the livers had slight histopathological changes,and the lungs presented remarkable histopathological changes.These findings are of importance for SARS-CoV inactivated vaccine development.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81971664 and 82272057)the Shanghai Pujiang Program(No.2019PJD044).
文摘The development of microenvironment-responsive nanoprobes has shown great promise for use in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),with the advantage of significantly improved specificity and good biocompatibility.However,the clinical application of responsive probes is hampered by a lack of biological sensitivity for early molecular diagnostics and visualizing microenvionment of metabolism reprogramming in tumor progression.Here,we report on a dual-ratiometric magnetic resonance tunable(DMRT)nanoprobe designed by crosslinking different ratios of transferrin chelating gadolinium and superparamagnetic nanoparticles,complexed to a pH responsive biocompatible polymer.This dually activatable nanoprobe enables pH-dependent tumor microenvironment visualization,providing exceptional quantitative pathophysiological information in vitro and in vivo.When used in combination with dual-contrast enhancement triple subtraction imaging technique(DETSI),this smart nanoprobe guarantees the diagnosis of early-stage diseases.We envisage that this novel integrated nanoplatform will provide a new paradigm for the clinical translation of robust DMRT nanoprobes for early disease detection and staging,as well as microenvironment visualization and disease progression monitoring.
文摘Background:Maternal infection by SARS-CoV-2 may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes and causes pathological changes in the placenta.However,consensus regarding characteristic pathological features is lacking.Researchof the placental histopathology in a cohort of women from Mizoram,India,was conducted to relate the SARS-CoV-2 infection's effectswith pregnancy and its outcome.Materials and methods:The characteristics of 72 pregnant women diagnosed positive for SARS-CoV-2 who eventually delivered at Zoram Medical College Hospital,Mizoram,neonates'well-being,and histopathological features of placentas were studied.Results:Of 72 women in this study,59(81.9%)gave birth at full term.Among these births,5 were normal vaginal deliveries,while the remaining 67(93.1%)were delivered via cesarean section.The reasons for cesarean delivery were either related to SARS-CoV-2 infection(n=49),existing obstetric problems(n=15)or fetal-distress(n=5).All deliveries resulted in live births of COVID-negative babies,with 80.6%(n=58)of the newborns having a birth weight of over 2.5 kg.APGAR scores ranged from 4 to 6 in 61(84.7%)of the babies,and 10 neonates required resuscitation,of which 8 were managed in the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU).The placental histopathology showed increased fibrin thrombi in 8 cases(11.1%),while 20 cases(28%)showed focal infarction,microcalcification levels were elevated in 16 cases(22.2%),and a small percentage of cases(1.4%)exhibited small fibrotic villi and inter-villus agglutination.Placental chorioangiosis was detected in 28(38.9%)of the cases,while avascular villi were seen in 6 cases.Meconium-stained liquor was observed in a single case.Intervillous hemorrhage was found in 42 cases,whileintervillous inflammation and increased syncytial knots were present in 14 and 5 cases,respectively.The placenta pathology of 10 neonates who required resuscitation/NICU admission was not significantly different from that of the 62 neonates who did not require it.However,a higher proportion of placenta from the asymptomatic group showed no abnormality compared to the symp-tomatic group(p=0.046).Conclusion:SARS-CoV-2 infection causes a range of morphological changes and lesions in the placenta,including chorangiosis,villositis,chorioamnionitis,fetal vascular malperfusion/thrombosis,fibrin-deposition,increased syncytial-knotting,increased microcalcification,increased villous agglutination,focal infarct,intervilloush-emorrhage as well as inflammation.Placental histopathological findings from this study can provide additional information to the existing literature on the subject.
文摘The build-up of misfoldedα-synuclein(α-syn)in the central nervous system is the pathological hallmark of a number of neurodegenerative diseases that are known asα-synucleinopathies.These include Parkinson’s disease(PD),Parkinson’s disease with dementia(PDD),dementia with Lewy body(LB),multiple system atrophy(MSA),and a subset of Alzheimer’s disease.Growing evidence underscores that the intercellular transmission and amplification of pathologicalα-syn are critical processes underlying the progression ofα-synucleinopathies(Peng et al.,2020),and as such,the study of these processes could lead to the identification of promising therapeutics to mitigate disease progression.Most previous studies have focused solely on pathological seeds in relation to disease progression.
文摘Climate change is the phrase used to describe long-term changes in temperatures and weather patterns. Changes in the atmosphere and their interactions with diverse geologic, chemical, biological, and geographic variables are the main contributors to this cyclical adjustment of the Earth’s climate. Such changes may be induced purposefully, because of burning fossil fuels, clearing forests, and raising animals, or they may be natural, brought on by significant volcanic eruptions or variations in the sun’s activity. By significantly increasing the amount of greenhouse gases already in the atmosphere, this heightens the greenhouse effect and contributes to global warming. This work includes several additional theoretical and practical explanations of sustainable development. The theoretical work encompasses hundreds of researches that identify requirements for how development routes might satisfy sustainable development (SD) criteria using economic theory, complex systems approach, ecological science, and other techniques. The agreements made by the Parties in various nations across the world will consider a wide range of perspectives about what would be considered undesirable effects on the environment, the climate system, sustainability, economic growth, or food production.
