Background: Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of many diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus. Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between ...Background: Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of many diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus. Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between free radical formation and the protective antioxidant mechanisms. The latter mechanisms include superoxide dismutases (SODs) and glutathione peroxidases (GPx) that scavenge excessive ROS and protect cells against excess ROS production. The aim of current study was to determine the serum levels of SOD and serum GPx mRNA as well as the serum prooxidant-antioxidant balance in CVD patients. Method: A total of 103 subjects were recruited, with ≥50% stenosis (Angio+) or –). The expression levels of SOD and GPx in serum were measured using real time PCR. Biochemical-analyses (e.g., triglycerides;high-density lipo-protein cholesterol;low-density lipoprotein cholesterol;fasting-blood-glucose) were determined in all the subjects. Associations of SOD and GPx levels with biochemical and anthropometric characteristics were assessed together with evaluation of the serum pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB). Results: CVD subjects had a significantly higher level of fasting blood glucose (FBG), TC, LDL-C, TG and hs-CRP levels, as compared to control subjects. The level of serum PAB was significantly higher in the CVD group, 117.92 ± 35.51 and 110.65 ± 27.65 μg/dl in the angio– and angio+ groups, respectively compared to the control group (54.26 + 23.25). Additionally we observed that the SOD-3 level was higher in angio+ group versus control subjects. Conclusion: We have found that patients with CVD had a significantly higher prooxidant-antioxidant and SOD-3 levels. Further studies in larger multi-center setting are warranted to explore the value of emerging biomarker in CVD patients.展开更多
Peroxidases (POXs) are the key extracellular enzymes produced by crude oil degrading microbes. Knowledge of optimum conditions for POXs activity is crucial for providing effective environment for bioremediation. In th...Peroxidases (POXs) are the key extracellular enzymes produced by crude oil degrading microbes. Knowledge of optimum conditions for POXs activity is crucial for providing effective environment for bioremediation. In this study, physicochemical properties of POXs produced by Actinomyces israelii and Actinomyces viscosus during growth on crude oil were studied. The POXs exhibited similarities in activity and stability with striking differences in response to two divalent metal ions. The POXs from both species had optimum pH of 7.0 and were very stable over a narrow pH range (6.0 - 8.0). The POXs demonstrated similar thermostability exhibiting relative residual activity of 62% at 50°C after 30 min incubation and 45% residual activity at the same temperature after 60 min despite the fact that POXs from A. viscosus and A. israelii had optimum temperatures of 50°C and 40°C, respectively. The POXs from A. viscosus and A. israelii were greatly activated by Fe2+ at 5.0 and 10.0 mM. The enzymes were both strongly inhibited by Cu2+, Mg2+ and Hg2+. Surprisingly, these congeneric POXs demonstrated striking differences in their response to Ca2+ and Mn2+. POX from A. viscosus was activated by Ca2+ and Mn2+ exhibiting relative activity of 136% and 106% at 5 mM, respectively. In contrast, POX from A. israelii was strongly inhibited by Ca2+ and Mn2+ exhibiting 62.5% relative activity in the presence of 5 mM of each metal ion. Increasing the concentration of Ca2+ and Mn2+ led to further activation of POX from A. viscosus and inhibition of POX from A. israelii. Results provide deeper insights into functional properties of studied POXs from closely related microbes. The physicochemical properties are very similar;however, notable differences provide a strong basis for structural characterization of these congeneric enzymes.展开更多
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) play central roles in the pathway for scavenging reactive oxygen species in plants, thereby contributing to the tolerance against abiotic stress. Here we repor...Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) play central roles in the pathway for scavenging reactive oxygen species in plants, thereby contributing to the tolerance against abiotic stress. Here we report the responses of cytosolic SOD (cSOD; sodCc1 and sodCc2) and cytosolic APX (cAPX; OsAPX1 and OsAPX2) genes to oxidative and abiotic stress in rice. RNA blot analyses revealed that methyl viologen treatment caused a more prominent induction of cAPXs compared with cSODs, and hydrogen peroxide treatment induced the expression of cAPXs whereas cSODs were not affected. These results suggest that cAPXs play more important roles in defense against oxidative stress compared with cSODs. It is noted that cSODs and cAPXs showed coordinate response to abscisic acid treatment which induced both sodCc1 and OsAPX2. However, cSODs and cAPXs responded differentially to drought, salt and chilling stress, which indicates that cSOD and cAPX genes are expressed differentially in response to oxidative and abiotic stress in rice.展开更多
Ascorbate peroxidase(APX) plays a key role in scavenging reactive oxygen species(ROS) in higher plants. However, there is very little information available on the APXs in kiwifruit(Actinidia), which is an economically...Ascorbate peroxidase(APX) plays a key role in scavenging reactive oxygen species(ROS) in higher plants. However, there is very little information available on the APXs in kiwifruit(Actinidia), which is an economically and nutritionally important horticultural crop with exceptionally high ascorbic acid(AsA) accumulation. This study aims to identify and characterize two cytosolic APX genes(AcAPX1 and AcAPX2) derived from A. chinensis ‘Hongyang’. The constitutive expression pattern was determined for both AcAPX1 and AcAPX2, and showed relatively higher expression abundances of AcAPX1 in leaf and AcAPX2 in root. Transcript levels of AcAPX1 and AcAPX2 were increased in kiwifruit roots treated with Na Cl. Subcellular localization assays using GFP-fusion proteins in Arabidopsis protoplasts showed that both AcAPX1 and AcAPX2 are targeted to the cytosol. Recombinant AcAPX1 or AcAPX2 proteins were successfully expressed in the prokaryotic expression system and their individual ascorbate peroxidase activities were determined. Finally, constitutive over-expression of AcAPX1 or AcAPX2 could dramatically increase total As A, glutathione level and salinity tolerance under Na Cl stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our findings revealed that cytosolic AcAPX1/2 may play an important protective role in the responses to unfavorable environmental stimuli in kiwifruit.展开更多
The article studies the activity of the peroxidase enzyme in cereals and barks of some varieties of soy plants. The soy (plant) samples we studied were obtained in the conditions of the Tashkent region at the experime...The article studies the activity of the peroxidase enzyme in cereals and barks of some varieties of soy plants. The soy (plant) samples we studied were obtained in the conditions of the Tashkent region at the experimental field of the Institute of genetics and plant experimental biology in the village of Durmen. 11 samples out of 40 examined on electrophoregrams did not show the presence of the studied enzymes. Further research is needed to clarify the results.展开更多
Manganese peroxidases(MnP)from Phanerochaete chrysosporium were adsorbed onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWNT).Four different loadings of MnP on MWNTs were investigated,and the maximum enzyme loading of 47.5µg...Manganese peroxidases(MnP)from Phanerochaete chrysosporium were adsorbed onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWNT).Four different loadings of MnP on MWNTs were investigated,and the maximum enzyme loading of 47.5µg/mg of MWNTs was obtained in 12 h.The adsorbed MnP showed a catalytic activity of up to 0.1 U/mg of the weight of the system of MnP/MWNTs,with 23%of its original activity retained.The AFM image of the adsorbed enzymes indicated that a layer of MnP covered the surface of the MWNTs and retained its original three-dimensional shape.Amino-based nonspecific interactions may play the dominant role in the adsorption of MnP on MWNTs.展开更多
Previous studies have reported upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 in different central nervous system injury models.Heme oxygenase-1 plays a critical anti-inflammatory role and is essential for regulating cellular redox...Previous studies have reported upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 in different central nervous system injury models.Heme oxygenase-1 plays a critical anti-inflammatory role and is essential for regulating cellular redox homeostasis.Metformin is a classic drug used to treat type 2 diabetes that can inhibit ferroptosis.Previous studies have shown that,when used to treat cardiovascular and digestive system diseases,metformin can also upregulate heme oxygenase-1 expression.Therefore,we hypothesized that heme oxygenase-1 plays a significant role in mediating the beneficial effects of metformin on neuronal ferroptosis after spinal cord injury.To test this,we first performed a bioinformatics analysis based on the GEO database and found that heme oxygenase-1 was upregulated in the lesion of rats with spinal cord injury.Next,we confirmed this finding in a rat model of T9 spinal cord compression injury that exhibited spinal cord nerve cell ferroptosis.Continuous intraperitoneal injection of metformin for 14 days was found to both upregulate heme oxygenase-1 expression and reduce neuronal ferroptosis in rats with spinal cord injury.Subsequently,we used a lentivirus vector to knock down heme oxygenase-1 expression in the spinal cord,and found that this significantly reduced the effect of metformin on ferroptosis after spinal cord injury.Taken together,these findings suggest that metformin inhibits neuronal ferroptosis after spinal cord injury,and that this effect is partially dependent on upregulation of heme oxygenase-1.展开更多
Regulated cell death is a genetically determined form of programmed cell death that commonly occurs during the development of living organisms.This process plays a crucial role in modulating homeostasis and is evoluti...Regulated cell death is a genetically determined form of programmed cell death that commonly occurs during the development of living organisms.This process plays a crucial role in modulating homeostasis and is evolutionarily conserved across a diverse range of living organisms.Ferroptosis is a classic regulatory mode of cell death.Extensive studies of regulatory cell death in Alzheimer’s disease have yielded increasing evidence that fe rroptosis is closely related to the occurrence,development,and prognosis of Alzheimer’s disease.This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and recent research advances in the role of ferro ptosis in Alzheimer’s disease.Our findings are expected to serve as a theoretical and experimental foundation for clinical research and targeted therapy for Alzheimer’s disease.展开更多
Breast cancer is a critical threat to women around the globe. Current radio- and chemotherapy regimens can induce multiple drug-resistant effects, e.g., anti-apoptosis, anti-pyroptosis, and anti-necroptosis, causing a...Breast cancer is a critical threat to women around the globe. Current radio- and chemotherapy regimens can induce multiple drug-resistant effects, e.g., anti-apoptosis, anti-pyroptosis, and anti-necroptosis, causing a poor clinical response to therapy. Ferroptosis is a newly programmed cell death characterized by iron overload, the massive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and membrane lipid peroxidation. The occurrence of ferroptosis results from an imbalance between peroxidation mechanisms (execution systems) and anti- oxidation mechanisms (defense systems), including the iron metabolism pathway, amino acid metabolism pathway, and lipid metabolism pathway. Recently, the vital role of ferroptosis in various diseases, including cancer, hypertension, diabetes, and Alzheimer's, has been identified. Specifically, triggering ferroptosis in breast cancer cells can inhibit their proliferation and invasion, and improve the chemoradiotherapy sensitivity, which makes it a potential strategy for breast cancer therapy. This review summarizes the definition and features of ferroptosis, as well as its role in the treatment of breast cancer, aimed at providing a theoretical basis for future drug development.展开更多
文摘Background: Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of many diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus. Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between free radical formation and the protective antioxidant mechanisms. The latter mechanisms include superoxide dismutases (SODs) and glutathione peroxidases (GPx) that scavenge excessive ROS and protect cells against excess ROS production. The aim of current study was to determine the serum levels of SOD and serum GPx mRNA as well as the serum prooxidant-antioxidant balance in CVD patients. Method: A total of 103 subjects were recruited, with ≥50% stenosis (Angio+) or –). The expression levels of SOD and GPx in serum were measured using real time PCR. Biochemical-analyses (e.g., triglycerides;high-density lipo-protein cholesterol;low-density lipoprotein cholesterol;fasting-blood-glucose) were determined in all the subjects. Associations of SOD and GPx levels with biochemical and anthropometric characteristics were assessed together with evaluation of the serum pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB). Results: CVD subjects had a significantly higher level of fasting blood glucose (FBG), TC, LDL-C, TG and hs-CRP levels, as compared to control subjects. The level of serum PAB was significantly higher in the CVD group, 117.92 ± 35.51 and 110.65 ± 27.65 μg/dl in the angio– and angio+ groups, respectively compared to the control group (54.26 + 23.25). Additionally we observed that the SOD-3 level was higher in angio+ group versus control subjects. Conclusion: We have found that patients with CVD had a significantly higher prooxidant-antioxidant and SOD-3 levels. Further studies in larger multi-center setting are warranted to explore the value of emerging biomarker in CVD patients.
文摘Peroxidases (POXs) are the key extracellular enzymes produced by crude oil degrading microbes. Knowledge of optimum conditions for POXs activity is crucial for providing effective environment for bioremediation. In this study, physicochemical properties of POXs produced by Actinomyces israelii and Actinomyces viscosus during growth on crude oil were studied. The POXs exhibited similarities in activity and stability with striking differences in response to two divalent metal ions. The POXs from both species had optimum pH of 7.0 and were very stable over a narrow pH range (6.0 - 8.0). The POXs demonstrated similar thermostability exhibiting relative residual activity of 62% at 50°C after 30 min incubation and 45% residual activity at the same temperature after 60 min despite the fact that POXs from A. viscosus and A. israelii had optimum temperatures of 50°C and 40°C, respectively. The POXs from A. viscosus and A. israelii were greatly activated by Fe2+ at 5.0 and 10.0 mM. The enzymes were both strongly inhibited by Cu2+, Mg2+ and Hg2+. Surprisingly, these congeneric POXs demonstrated striking differences in their response to Ca2+ and Mn2+. POX from A. viscosus was activated by Ca2+ and Mn2+ exhibiting relative activity of 136% and 106% at 5 mM, respectively. In contrast, POX from A. israelii was strongly inhibited by Ca2+ and Mn2+ exhibiting 62.5% relative activity in the presence of 5 mM of each metal ion. Increasing the concentration of Ca2+ and Mn2+ led to further activation of POX from A. viscosus and inhibition of POX from A. israelii. Results provide deeper insights into functional properties of studied POXs from closely related microbes. The physicochemical properties are very similar;however, notable differences provide a strong basis for structural characterization of these congeneric enzymes.
基金supported by the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Grant No. 10460149 to K.T. and Grant No. 11740448 to S.M.) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japana grant from the Rice Genome Research Program (Grant No. MP2106 to K.T.) from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan
文摘Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) play central roles in the pathway for scavenging reactive oxygen species in plants, thereby contributing to the tolerance against abiotic stress. Here we report the responses of cytosolic SOD (cSOD; sodCc1 and sodCc2) and cytosolic APX (cAPX; OsAPX1 and OsAPX2) genes to oxidative and abiotic stress in rice. RNA blot analyses revealed that methyl viologen treatment caused a more prominent induction of cAPXs compared with cSODs, and hydrogen peroxide treatment induced the expression of cAPXs whereas cSODs were not affected. These results suggest that cAPXs play more important roles in defense against oxidative stress compared with cSODs. It is noted that cSODs and cAPXs showed coordinate response to abscisic acid treatment which induced both sodCc1 and OsAPX2. However, cSODs and cAPXs responded differentially to drought, salt and chilling stress, which indicates that cSOD and cAPX genes are expressed differentially in response to oxidative and abiotic stress in rice.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31972474)the Natural Science Research Program of Universities of Anhui Province, China (K1832004)+2 种基金the Leading Talent Group Funding of Anhui Province, China (WRMR-2020-75)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province, China (19232002)the Anhui Agriculture University Shennong Scholar Project, China (RC321901)。
文摘Ascorbate peroxidase(APX) plays a key role in scavenging reactive oxygen species(ROS) in higher plants. However, there is very little information available on the APXs in kiwifruit(Actinidia), which is an economically and nutritionally important horticultural crop with exceptionally high ascorbic acid(AsA) accumulation. This study aims to identify and characterize two cytosolic APX genes(AcAPX1 and AcAPX2) derived from A. chinensis ‘Hongyang’. The constitutive expression pattern was determined for both AcAPX1 and AcAPX2, and showed relatively higher expression abundances of AcAPX1 in leaf and AcAPX2 in root. Transcript levels of AcAPX1 and AcAPX2 were increased in kiwifruit roots treated with Na Cl. Subcellular localization assays using GFP-fusion proteins in Arabidopsis protoplasts showed that both AcAPX1 and AcAPX2 are targeted to the cytosol. Recombinant AcAPX1 or AcAPX2 proteins were successfully expressed in the prokaryotic expression system and their individual ascorbate peroxidase activities were determined. Finally, constitutive over-expression of AcAPX1 or AcAPX2 could dramatically increase total As A, glutathione level and salinity tolerance under Na Cl stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our findings revealed that cytosolic AcAPX1/2 may play an important protective role in the responses to unfavorable environmental stimuli in kiwifruit.
文摘The article studies the activity of the peroxidase enzyme in cereals and barks of some varieties of soy plants. The soy (plant) samples we studied were obtained in the conditions of the Tashkent region at the experimental field of the Institute of genetics and plant experimental biology in the village of Durmen. 11 samples out of 40 examined on electrophoregrams did not show the presence of the studied enzymes. Further research is needed to clarify the results.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.20677033)the special fund of State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control,China(08Z01ESPCT).
文摘Manganese peroxidases(MnP)from Phanerochaete chrysosporium were adsorbed onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWNT).Four different loadings of MnP on MWNTs were investigated,and the maximum enzyme loading of 47.5µg/mg of MWNTs was obtained in 12 h.The adsorbed MnP showed a catalytic activity of up to 0.1 U/mg of the weight of the system of MnP/MWNTs,with 23%of its original activity retained.The AFM image of the adsorbed enzymes indicated that a layer of MnP covered the surface of the MWNTs and retained its original three-dimensional shape.Amino-based nonspecific interactions may play the dominant role in the adsorption of MnP on MWNTs.
文摘Previous studies have reported upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 in different central nervous system injury models.Heme oxygenase-1 plays a critical anti-inflammatory role and is essential for regulating cellular redox homeostasis.Metformin is a classic drug used to treat type 2 diabetes that can inhibit ferroptosis.Previous studies have shown that,when used to treat cardiovascular and digestive system diseases,metformin can also upregulate heme oxygenase-1 expression.Therefore,we hypothesized that heme oxygenase-1 plays a significant role in mediating the beneficial effects of metformin on neuronal ferroptosis after spinal cord injury.To test this,we first performed a bioinformatics analysis based on the GEO database and found that heme oxygenase-1 was upregulated in the lesion of rats with spinal cord injury.Next,we confirmed this finding in a rat model of T9 spinal cord compression injury that exhibited spinal cord nerve cell ferroptosis.Continuous intraperitoneal injection of metformin for 14 days was found to both upregulate heme oxygenase-1 expression and reduce neuronal ferroptosis in rats with spinal cord injury.Subsequently,we used a lentivirus vector to knock down heme oxygenase-1 expression in the spinal cord,and found that this significantly reduced the effect of metformin on ferroptosis after spinal cord injury.Taken together,these findings suggest that metformin inhibits neuronal ferroptosis after spinal cord injury,and that this effect is partially dependent on upregulation of heme oxygenase-1.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81501106(to CF)Fund of Taishan Scholar Project(to CF)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.ZR2020QH106(to YH)the Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Plan of Shandong Province,No.202203010799(to QS)。
文摘Regulated cell death is a genetically determined form of programmed cell death that commonly occurs during the development of living organisms.This process plays a crucial role in modulating homeostasis and is evolutionarily conserved across a diverse range of living organisms.Ferroptosis is a classic regulatory mode of cell death.Extensive studies of regulatory cell death in Alzheimer’s disease have yielded increasing evidence that fe rroptosis is closely related to the occurrence,development,and prognosis of Alzheimer’s disease.This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and recent research advances in the role of ferro ptosis in Alzheimer’s disease.Our findings are expected to serve as a theoretical and experimental foundation for clinical research and targeted therapy for Alzheimer’s disease.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82203813)。
文摘Breast cancer is a critical threat to women around the globe. Current radio- and chemotherapy regimens can induce multiple drug-resistant effects, e.g., anti-apoptosis, anti-pyroptosis, and anti-necroptosis, causing a poor clinical response to therapy. Ferroptosis is a newly programmed cell death characterized by iron overload, the massive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and membrane lipid peroxidation. The occurrence of ferroptosis results from an imbalance between peroxidation mechanisms (execution systems) and anti- oxidation mechanisms (defense systems), including the iron metabolism pathway, amino acid metabolism pathway, and lipid metabolism pathway. Recently, the vital role of ferroptosis in various diseases, including cancer, hypertension, diabetes, and Alzheimer's, has been identified. Specifically, triggering ferroptosis in breast cancer cells can inhibit their proliferation and invasion, and improve the chemoradiotherapy sensitivity, which makes it a potential strategy for breast cancer therapy. This review summarizes the definition and features of ferroptosis, as well as its role in the treatment of breast cancer, aimed at providing a theoretical basis for future drug development.
