Ginseng is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long medicinal history.Ginsenoside is the main compo⁃nent of ginseng,among which the ginsenoside-Rg3 possess higher medicinal value.The pharmacological studies reported...Ginseng is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long medicinal history.Ginsenoside is the main compo⁃nent of ginseng,among which the ginsenoside-Rg3 possess higher medicinal value.The pharmacological studies reported that the ginsenoside-Rg3 exhibit a variety of pharmacological actions.For example,the ginsenoside-Rg3 exhibit an effective inhibitory effect against cancer and induce apoptosis,such as glioma,lung cancer,liver cancer,breast cancer,ovarian cancer,cervical cancer and so on.The anti-cancer effect will be significantly increased by combinning chemotherapy drugs with ginsenoside-Rg3.In addition,ginsenoside-Rg3 can reduce the side effects of chemotherapy drugs,such as cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.Furthermore,ginsenoside-Rg3 could reverse the multidrug resistance of cancer cells against anticancer drugs.What′s more,ginsenoid-Rg3 has several other pharmacological actions as follows.At first,ginsenoid-Rg3 appears to anti-fatigue effect by reversing the dopamine reduction induced by fatigue.Secondly,ginsenoid-Rg3 can reverse chemical-induced memory damage and improve memory to exert neuroprotective effect.Finally,ginsenoid-Rg3 can improve mitochondrial function and insulin tolerance in skeletal muscle,suggesting that ginsenoid-Rg3 can be used as a hypoglycemic drug.In this review,I present an overview of the pharmacological actions of ginsenoside-Rg3 to provide theoretical guidance for further development and utilization of ginsenoside-Rg3.展开更多
According to the different types of liver damage,there should also be different Chinese medicine and dose for different degrees of treatment and protection.This paper studies the Chinese medicine treatment of differen...According to the different types of liver damage,there should also be different Chinese medicine and dose for different degrees of treatment and protection.This paper studies the Chinese medicine treatment of different types of liver injury,and is expected to provide a reference for the further application of Chinese medicine in liver injury.展开更多
Betel nut is the dry and mature seed of Areca catechu L.,which is originated in Malaysia and cultivated in Yunnan,Hainan and Taiwan and other tropical areas of China.It is also known as big belly,binmen,olive seed,gre...Betel nut is the dry and mature seed of Areca catechu L.,which is originated in Malaysia and cultivated in Yunnan,Hainan and Taiwan and other tropical areas of China.It is also known as big belly,binmen,olive seed,green seed and so on.Betel nut is a dual-use resource for medicine and food,which was first contained in LI Dang′s Pharmaceutical Record.Betel nut tastes bitter,pungent,warm in nature,and belongs to the stomach and large intestine meridian.It contains a variety of chemical components such as alkaloids,phenolic compounds,polysaccharides,fatty acids,amino acids, flavonoids, minerals, terpenoids, and steroids. It has the advantages of promoting digestion, lowering blood pres sure, anti-depression, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, and anti-parasites, antibacterial and other activities. The content of total phenols in fresh fruits of areca nut was 31.1%, mainly including catechin, isorhamnetin, chrysopanthoxanthin, luteolin, tannin and other polyphenols. The commonly used methods for determination of polyphenols in areca are vanil lin titration potassium permanganate titration and potassium ferricyanide spectrophotometry. The main activities and mechanisms of areca polyphenols include: ① Antidepressant effect: polyphenols bind to monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A) receptors that inhibit the production of neurotransmitters, thereby increasing the content of amine transmitters in the brain and playing a therapeutic effect on depression. ② Antioxidant effect: polyphenols contain multiple adjacent hydroxyl groups, which are easily oxidized and can effectively remove superoxide anion free radical, hydroxyl free radi cal, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, showing good antioxidant activity. ③ Bacteriostatic effect: polyphenols can spe cifically bind to the surface of bacteria, thus achieving bacteriostatic effect. Studies have found that betel nut polyphenols have varying degrees of inhibitory effects on a variety of bacteria. ④ Inducing apoptosis of lymphocytes: polyphenols deplete the mercaptan in lymphocytes and make them unable to survive, thus inducing apoptosis of lymphocytes. ⑤ Anti-aging effect: polyphenols have the effect of anti-hyaluronidase and anti-elastase, so as to protect elastin fiber and pro mote collagen synthesis. ⑥ Anti-allergic effect: studies have found that polyphenols can reduce ovalbumin induced aller gic reactions. ⑦ Other functions: betel nut can freshen breath, eliminate bad breath, and resist the activity of cobra venom. At present, domestic and foreign scholars′ research on betel nut mainly focuses on arecoline and its carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, effects on reproductive function, addiction and toxicity to the nervous system, and there are few studies on the positive effects of betel nut, especially on it. There is less research on phenolic ingredients. Therefore, this article reviews the polyphenolic chemical constituents of betel nut, and fully excavates its pharmacological activity to provide a reasonable basis for the scientific use of betel nut.展开更多
Radix bupleuri is the dried root of Umbelliferae plants Bupleurem chinense DC.or Bupleurem scorzonerifolium Willd.,which are widely distributed in Northeast China,North China,Northwest China,East China,Hubei,Sichuan a...Radix bupleuri is the dried root of Umbelliferae plants Bupleurem chinense DC.or Bupleurem scorzonerifolium Willd.,which are widely distributed in Northeast China,North China,Northwest China,East China,Hubei,Sichuan and other places.The plant roots are excavated in spring and autumn and dried with removing stems and leaves and sediment.Radix bupleuri,one of the oldest and most commonly used Chinese herbal medicine,has a long history of application,with high medicinal value.Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Radix bupleuri has pharmacological effects such as anti-cancer,anti-depression,anti-inflammation,heart protection,liver protection,and kidney protection,and mainly plays an role in regulating apoptosis signaling pathway,inflammation signaling pathway,neuroendocrine system,oxidative stress signaling pathway,and fibrosis signaling pathway.This paper reviews the modern pharmacological effects of Radix bupleuri in recent years,in order to provide reference for better research,development and rational utilization of Bupleurum resources.展开更多
Ocimum basilicum has a history of several thousand years,the plant resources are rich,and there are many kinds of chemical constituents and pharmacological activity. In the face of the human body,it has a broad role i...Ocimum basilicum has a history of several thousand years,the plant resources are rich,and there are many kinds of chemical constituents and pharmacological activity. In the face of the human body,it has a broad role in many ways. O. basilicum has a long history of folk application and research,and very high officinal,edible and economic value. Combining with modern analysis and detection technology,the effective parts of O. basilicum are studied and utilized. The discovery of new drugs will have important practical significance for the development and application of O. basilicum.展开更多
The isoflavone compound Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (CG) is an active monomer component extracted from the dry roots of the leguminous plant Astragalus mongolicus and Astragalus. It is also one of the main active ing...The isoflavone compound Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (CG) is an active monomer component extracted from the dry roots of the leguminous plant Astragalus mongolicus and Astragalus. It is also one of the main active ingredients in the Astragalus that is a commonly used traditional herb. CG has obvious effects of anti-oxidation, anti-virus, inhibition of melanin formation, and immunosuppression. With the advancement of modern technology, it has become a pivotal subject that the adjuvant therapy or even substitute for the synthetic drug of monomer of Chinese herb in medical field. In recent years, with the deepening of research on the mechanism of action of CG, which has been found that its pharmacological effects are very extensive, such as the anti-tumor effect and the effect on cerebrovascular diseases of CG. This review summarizes the pharmacological effects and the latest research progress of CG.展开更多
Lomatogonium rotatum(L.rotatum)Fries ex Nym,a dry whole grass belonging to the family Gentianaceae,is widely used to treat liver diseases in Mongolian medicine.In Mongolian medicine,L.rotatum Fries ex Nym,also known a...Lomatogonium rotatum(L.rotatum)Fries ex Nym,a dry whole grass belonging to the family Gentianaceae,is widely used to treat liver diseases in Mongolian medicine.In Mongolian medicine,L.rotatum Fries ex Nym,also known as Digeda,is a rare medicinal herb with low yield and widespread clinical use.Currently,it is included in over 25 traditional Mongolian medicine prescriptions that help reduce heat,dispel xieri,enhance stomach function,and heal wounds.Recent studies have shown that L.rotatum Fries ex Nym contains a variety of metabolites,including flavonoids,xanthone compounds,terpenoids,organic acids,steroids,and alkaloids.In addition,its anti-hepatitis B,anti-inflammatory,anti-acute liver injury,and anti-obesity effects have been proven by pharmacological studies.In this review,we summarize the ecological resources,traditional pharmacodynamics,chemical constituents,and pharmacological actions of L.rotatum Fries ex Nym,with an aim to provide a theoretical basis for future applied research and new product development.展开更多
Bupleurum has been used as traditional medicine in China,Japan,South Korea,and other Asian countries for more than 2,000 years.The crude extracts and pure compounds isolated from Bupleurum have a variety of biological...Bupleurum has been used as traditional medicine in China,Japan,South Korea,and other Asian countries for more than 2,000 years.The crude extracts and pure compounds isolated from Bupleurum have a variety of biological activities,such as anti-inflammatory,anti-cancer,antipyretic,antibacterial,anti-viral,liver protection,neuroprotection,and immune regxilation.The pharmacological effects of Bupleurum have been classified and summarized in this paper by consulting literatures at home and abroad.At the same time,the quality analysis methods of bupleurum,including high-performance liquid chromatography,thin layer chromatography,ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry,UPLC-QTOF-MS,and so on,are discussed.This paper provides a reference for further research,development,and application of Bupleurum.展开更多
On the basis of data mining,systematic pharmacology,molecular docking,and experiment validation,the oxidative-inflammatory molecular targets of Coicis Semen in the therapy of osteoarthritis(OA)were explored.Methods:Th...On the basis of data mining,systematic pharmacology,molecular docking,and experiment validation,the oxidative-inflammatory molecular targets of Coicis Semen in the therapy of osteoarthritis(OA)were explored.Methods:The association rule analysis was effectively applied to highlight the correlation between Coicis Semen and oxidative inflammation indices.The random walk model was subsequently used to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Coicis Semen.Network pharmacology was used to predict network targets.The binding affinity of the active ingredient in Coicis Semen to the key target of OA was also successfully predicted.Results:Coicis Semen showed a significant reduction in oxidative-inflammatory indicators of OA.A total of 108 promising targets were predicted for the 24 bioactive compounds in Coicis Semen.Eight target genes were considered core target genes.The enrichment analysis predicts that Coicis Semen may activate the interleukin(IL)-17,mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK),and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-kappa B)signaling pathways.Molecular docking demonstrated that stigmasterol,2-monoolein,sitosterol,and sitosterol alpha1 had free binding energies to oxidative and inflammatory targets(MAPK1,Estrogen Receptor 1[ESR1],and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha[PPARA]).Both clinical trials and in vitro cell experiments revealed that Coicis Semen could increase ESR1 and PPAR-αlevels while decreasing MAPK1 levels.Conclusions:Coicis Semen has a remarkable anti-OA effect.Precisely,the major components of Coicis Semen,including stigmasterol,sitosterol alpha1,sitosterol,and 2-monoolein,specifically inhibit MAPK1,ESR1,and PPARA to reduce the inflammatory response and oxidative damage in OA.展开更多
Kratom(Mitragyna speciosa)is a plant that grows well in tropical climates such as in Southeast Asia.Traditionally,people discovered it possessed a stimulating effect that relieved tiredness.Furthermore,it contains ana...Kratom(Mitragyna speciosa)is a plant that grows well in tropical climates such as in Southeast Asia.Traditionally,people discovered it possessed a stimulating effect that relieved tiredness.Furthermore,it contains analgesic and medicinal properties for the treatment of pain,diarrhea,muscle discomfort,and blood pressure and to enhance stamina.Nevertheless,long term or regular consumption of kratom leads to addiction.This is because the main alkaloid of kratom,mitragynine,binds to opioid receptors and exerts a euphoric effect similar to that of morphine,which may lead to death.Due to this reason,kratom has been listed as a regulated substance in many countries including the United States,Thailand,Malaysia,Bhutan,Finland,Lithuania,Denmark,Poland,Sweden,Australia,and Myanmar.Usages of kratom carry two pharmacological effects depending on dosage.Low-dose kratom exerts a stimulating effect that refreshes the user.Highdose kratom exerts sedative effects that can lead to addiction similar to that of morphine.Despite the euphoric effect of kratom,the beneficial values of kratom to human health is indisputable.Therefore,a complete banning of kratom may cause a loss to pharmaceutical industry.Rather,a controlled or selective usage of kratom will be a better choice.展开更多
Objective:Explicating the property and action of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in the perspectives of modern science deepens the insight into the property of TCM,and provides the basis for new drug discovery and cl...Objective:Explicating the property and action of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in the perspectives of modern science deepens the insight into the property of TCM,and provides the basis for new drug discovery and clinical therapy.In this study,we investigated the relationship between transient receptor potential melastatin 8(TRPM8)and pungent flavor using three-dimensional pharmacophores based on virtual screening methods.Methods:Firstly,an inhouse database was established to identify the related pharmacological action according to the traditional Chinese herbs expressing an action of promoting blood circulation.Then,several therapeutic targets,3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase(HMG-CoAR),cholesteryl ester transfer protein(CETP),Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1(NPC1L1)and platelet-activating factor receptor(PAFR),were selected to screen traditional Chinese herbs,and the common virtual screening hits with various hit scores providing data to reveal the correlation among TRPM8 and therapeutic targets.Results:According to the screening results,TRPM8 agonists were able to identify the effective components of pungent herbs and TRPM8,which shares the common virtual screening hits with the therapeutic targets,was considered to be related to the action of pungent taste.Conclusion:The novel ideas and methods in this study are beneficial to unveil the scientific relationship between a TCM property and its action.展开更多
This article focuses on the cultivation techniques and harvesting of Vernonia anthelmintica Willd.At present,the domestic cultivation of V.anthelmintica Willd has not formed a scale,characterized with low seed yield a...This article focuses on the cultivation techniques and harvesting of Vernonia anthelmintica Willd.At present,the domestic cultivation of V.anthelmintica Willd has not formed a scale,characterized with low seed yield and high harvesting cost.Therefore,it is of great significance to carry out research on the cultivation techniques and yield improvement of V.anthelmintica Willd.展开更多
This study was conducted to investigate the changes of polysaccharides content in Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis and its pharmacological action. The results showed that different growth years,different periods,different...This study was conducted to investigate the changes of polysaccharides content in Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis and its pharmacological action. The results showed that different growth years,different periods,different habitats and different external factors had influences on the change of polysaccharide content in Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis. Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis has certain effects of enhancing immunity,resisting fatigue and oxidation,promoting digestion and salivation secretion,reducing blood sugar and blood pressure,resisting tumor and liver injury,and relaxing bowels. Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis polysaccharides are the main effective components in Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis. The control of Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis polysaccharide content is of great significance to the assurance of the yield and quality of Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis material.展开更多
In this paper,the resource distribution,pharmacological action and culture status of hirudos were reviewed.Hirudo resources are widely distributed and have a variety of pharmacological effects,but culture is difficult...In this paper,the resource distribution,pharmacological action and culture status of hirudos were reviewed.Hirudo resources are widely distributed and have a variety of pharmacological effects,but culture is difficult,so the scientific development of hirudos culture and solving the problem of hirudos breeding can alleviate the contradiction in the medicine market and contribute to the sustainable development of hirudo medicine.展开更多
This paper systematically expounds the chemical composition,pharmacological activity and clinical application of Rhodobryum roseum Limpr.,in order to provide a reference for further research and development.
Background:This study aimed to identify the main active components,targets and pathways of Yueju pill,explore its mechanism in the treatment of depressive polycystic ovary syndrome,so as to provide proofs for expandin...Background:This study aimed to identify the main active components,targets and pathways of Yueju pill,explore its mechanism in the treatment of depressive polycystic ovary syndrome,so as to provide proofs for expanding the clinical application of Yueju pill.Methods:The active components and targets of Yueju pill were retrieved from the traditional Chinese medicine system pharmacology(TCMSP)database and analysis platform.GeneCards and OMIM were used to search the disease targets of polycystic ovary syndrome and depression.The intersection genes of drug and disease were obtained via venny.R.STRING 11.0 was adopted to construct PPI network,then we obtained the hub genes with count.R.Utilized Cytoscape 3.7.2 to construct the"drug-disease-active ingredientsproteins"network.Finally,the Bioconductor tools of gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)were applied to the enrichment of biological functions and pathways.Results:There were 37 compounds in the prescription of Yueju pill,and 83 intersection genes of Yueju pill and PCOS-Depression.The significant genes were IL6,VEGFA,EGF,MAPK1,ESR1,MAPK8,EGFR and MAPK14.Through the enrichment of GO and KEGG,we found 106 biological processes and 129 signaling pathways were related to the treatment of depressive polycystic ovary syndrome with Yueju pill.Conclusions:Our study could provide sufficient data in supporting Yueju pill to treat polycystic ovary syndrome,while the purpose of anti-depression should be achieved by relieving the systemic symptoms.This study would provide fresh insights for expanding the clinical application of Yueju pill.展开更多
Yupingfeng Powder is widely used in the treatment of respiratory,digestive,urinary,dermatological and ENT diseases.The author reviewed the animal pharmacology experiments and clinical cases in recent years,and summari...Yupingfeng Powder is widely used in the treatment of respiratory,digestive,urinary,dermatological and ENT diseases.The author reviewed the animal pharmacology experiments and clinical cases in recent years,and summarized and analyzed the diseases he treated,providing ideas and methods for clinical users.展开更多
Tabanus is a traditional Chinese medicine.In recent years,various protein active components derived from the Tabanus salivary gland have been explored,and many promising components were found to have therapeutic effec...Tabanus is a traditional Chinese medicine.In recent years,various protein active components derived from the Tabanus salivary gland have been explored,and many promising components were found to have therapeutic effect.The rich active components in its salivary gland have pharmacological effects,such as anti-platelet aggregation,anti-inflammatory,anti-infection,immunosuppression,anti-angiogenic,and anti-tumor effects.This paper summarizes findings from the related articles about Tabanus in recent years with a special focus on its pharmacological effects so as to provide reference for its further development and utilization.展开更多
Sini decoction originated from Zhang Zhongjing's Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and Miscellaneous Diseases(200-210 C.E.)in the Eastern Han Dynasty.It is a traditional and famous prescription in China.Its preparations...Sini decoction originated from Zhang Zhongjing's Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and Miscellaneous Diseases(200-210 C.E.)in the Eastern Han Dynasty.It is a traditional and famous prescription in China.Its preparations mainly include Sini decoction,Sini decoction drop pills and Sini decoction suppositories.The main chemical components are diterpenoid alkaloids,gingerol,volatile oil,coumarin,polysaccharide,triterpene saponins,flavonoids,amino acids,and alkaloids.This product has a cardiovascular function,anti-shock,anti-diabetes complications,anti-tumor,anti-atherosclerosis,and effects on the nervous system.Modern clinical practice is widely used in cardiovascular,respiratory,digestive,neurological and gynecological diseases.This paper reviews the pharmaceutical research,pharmacological effects,safety evaluation and clinical application of Sini decoction,including the source and composition of Sini decoction,the origin and resource status of authentic medicinal materials of Sini decoction,the research on preparation form reform,chemical composition and quality control,to provide a reference for further research and clinical promotion of Sini decoction.展开更多
Background:Chemotherapy for schistosomiasis has been around for 100 years.During the past century,great efforts have been made to develop new antischistosomal drugs from antimonials to nonantimonials,and some of these...Background:Chemotherapy for schistosomiasis has been around for 100 years.During the past century,great efforts have been made to develop new antischistosomal drugs from antimonials to nonantimonials,and some of these have been used extensively in clinical treatment.With the exception of a few drugs,such as oxamniquine and metrifonate,most of the antischistosomals developed in the pre-praziquantel period have variable limitations with respect to safety and efficacy.Although oxamniquine and metrifonate have been used for schistosomiasis control,they are only effective against Schistosoma mansoni and S.haematobium,respectively.Currently,praziquantel is the only drug used for treatment of all five species of human schistosomes.In this review,the pharmacological and immunological effects of praziquantel against S.japonicum are summarized and discussed.Main text:From the end of the 1970s until the 2000s,scientists have conducted a series of experimental studies on the effects of praziquantel against S.japonicum.These have included examining its unique pharmacological action on schistosomes,the characteristics in susceptibility of the different developmental stages of schistosomes to the drug,the relationship between plasma concentration of the drug and efficacy,the impact of host factors on cidal action of the drug,prevention and early treatment of schistosomal infection,as well as praziquantel-resistant schistosomiasis.Conclusion:The effects of praziquantel against S.japonicum,as elucidated by the experimental studies that are reviewed in this paper,may have some reference significance for the development of new antischistosomals.展开更多
文摘Ginseng is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long medicinal history.Ginsenoside is the main compo⁃nent of ginseng,among which the ginsenoside-Rg3 possess higher medicinal value.The pharmacological studies reported that the ginsenoside-Rg3 exhibit a variety of pharmacological actions.For example,the ginsenoside-Rg3 exhibit an effective inhibitory effect against cancer and induce apoptosis,such as glioma,lung cancer,liver cancer,breast cancer,ovarian cancer,cervical cancer and so on.The anti-cancer effect will be significantly increased by combinning chemotherapy drugs with ginsenoside-Rg3.In addition,ginsenoside-Rg3 can reduce the side effects of chemotherapy drugs,such as cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.Furthermore,ginsenoside-Rg3 could reverse the multidrug resistance of cancer cells against anticancer drugs.What′s more,ginsenoid-Rg3 has several other pharmacological actions as follows.At first,ginsenoid-Rg3 appears to anti-fatigue effect by reversing the dopamine reduction induced by fatigue.Secondly,ginsenoid-Rg3 can reverse chemical-induced memory damage and improve memory to exert neuroprotective effect.Finally,ginsenoid-Rg3 can improve mitochondrial function and insulin tolerance in skeletal muscle,suggesting that ginsenoid-Rg3 can be used as a hypoglycemic drug.In this review,I present an overview of the pharmacological actions of ginsenoside-Rg3 to provide theoretical guidance for further development and utilization of ginsenoside-Rg3.
基金University Continuing Education Teaching Reform Project(2019jxjj67)Natural Science Research Projects of Colleges and Universities in Anhui Province(KJ2017A772)。
文摘According to the different types of liver damage,there should also be different Chinese medicine and dose for different degrees of treatment and protection.This paper studies the Chinese medicine treatment of different types of liver injury,and is expected to provide a reference for the further application of Chinese medicine in liver injury.
基金Fund of Dean of Huachuang Institute of Areca Research-Hainan(HCBL2020YZ-012)。
文摘Betel nut is the dry and mature seed of Areca catechu L.,which is originated in Malaysia and cultivated in Yunnan,Hainan and Taiwan and other tropical areas of China.It is also known as big belly,binmen,olive seed,green seed and so on.Betel nut is a dual-use resource for medicine and food,which was first contained in LI Dang′s Pharmaceutical Record.Betel nut tastes bitter,pungent,warm in nature,and belongs to the stomach and large intestine meridian.It contains a variety of chemical components such as alkaloids,phenolic compounds,polysaccharides,fatty acids,amino acids, flavonoids, minerals, terpenoids, and steroids. It has the advantages of promoting digestion, lowering blood pres sure, anti-depression, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, and anti-parasites, antibacterial and other activities. The content of total phenols in fresh fruits of areca nut was 31.1%, mainly including catechin, isorhamnetin, chrysopanthoxanthin, luteolin, tannin and other polyphenols. The commonly used methods for determination of polyphenols in areca are vanil lin titration potassium permanganate titration and potassium ferricyanide spectrophotometry. The main activities and mechanisms of areca polyphenols include: ① Antidepressant effect: polyphenols bind to monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A) receptors that inhibit the production of neurotransmitters, thereby increasing the content of amine transmitters in the brain and playing a therapeutic effect on depression. ② Antioxidant effect: polyphenols contain multiple adjacent hydroxyl groups, which are easily oxidized and can effectively remove superoxide anion free radical, hydroxyl free radi cal, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, showing good antioxidant activity. ③ Bacteriostatic effect: polyphenols can spe cifically bind to the surface of bacteria, thus achieving bacteriostatic effect. Studies have found that betel nut polyphenols have varying degrees of inhibitory effects on a variety of bacteria. ④ Inducing apoptosis of lymphocytes: polyphenols deplete the mercaptan in lymphocytes and make them unable to survive, thus inducing apoptosis of lymphocytes. ⑤ Anti-aging effect: polyphenols have the effect of anti-hyaluronidase and anti-elastase, so as to protect elastin fiber and pro mote collagen synthesis. ⑥ Anti-allergic effect: studies have found that polyphenols can reduce ovalbumin induced aller gic reactions. ⑦ Other functions: betel nut can freshen breath, eliminate bad breath, and resist the activity of cobra venom. At present, domestic and foreign scholars′ research on betel nut mainly focuses on arecoline and its carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, effects on reproductive function, addiction and toxicity to the nervous system, and there are few studies on the positive effects of betel nut, especially on it. There is less research on phenolic ingredients. Therefore, this article reviews the polyphenolic chemical constituents of betel nut, and fully excavates its pharmacological activity to provide a reasonable basis for the scientific use of betel nut.
基金Construction Project of Inheritance Studio of Lei Genping,A Famous TCM Doctor of Shaanxi Province(Shaanxi TCM Letter[2019]No.82,Studio No.2019012)First-class Discipline Innovation Team Project of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.2019-YL04)+1 种基金Xianyang Science and Technology Innovation Team Project"Clinical Innovation Team of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Chronic Nephritis"({2019}No.46)Shaanxi Education,Science,Culture,Health and Sports System Staff Lei Genping(Model Worker)Innovation Studio({2020}No.41)。
文摘Radix bupleuri is the dried root of Umbelliferae plants Bupleurem chinense DC.or Bupleurem scorzonerifolium Willd.,which are widely distributed in Northeast China,North China,Northwest China,East China,Hubei,Sichuan and other places.The plant roots are excavated in spring and autumn and dried with removing stems and leaves and sediment.Radix bupleuri,one of the oldest and most commonly used Chinese herbal medicine,has a long history of application,with high medicinal value.Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Radix bupleuri has pharmacological effects such as anti-cancer,anti-depression,anti-inflammation,heart protection,liver protection,and kidney protection,and mainly plays an role in regulating apoptosis signaling pathway,inflammation signaling pathway,neuroendocrine system,oxidative stress signaling pathway,and fibrosis signaling pathway.This paper reviews the modern pharmacological effects of Radix bupleuri in recent years,in order to provide reference for better research,development and rational utilization of Bupleurum resources.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Research Program of Anhui Colleges and Universities in 2017(KJ2017A772)
文摘Ocimum basilicum has a history of several thousand years,the plant resources are rich,and there are many kinds of chemical constituents and pharmacological activity. In the face of the human body,it has a broad role in many ways. O. basilicum has a long history of folk application and research,and very high officinal,edible and economic value. Combining with modern analysis and detection technology,the effective parts of O. basilicum are studied and utilized. The discovery of new drugs will have important practical significance for the development and application of O. basilicum.
基金General Project Foundation of Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine (20191192)
文摘The isoflavone compound Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (CG) is an active monomer component extracted from the dry roots of the leguminous plant Astragalus mongolicus and Astragalus. It is also one of the main active ingredients in the Astragalus that is a commonly used traditional herb. CG has obvious effects of anti-oxidation, anti-virus, inhibition of melanin formation, and immunosuppression. With the advancement of modern technology, it has become a pivotal subject that the adjuvant therapy or even substitute for the synthetic drug of monomer of Chinese herb in medical field. In recent years, with the deepening of research on the mechanism of action of CG, which has been found that its pharmacological effects are very extensive, such as the anti-tumor effect and the effect on cerebrovascular diseases of CG. This review summarizes the pharmacological effects and the latest research progress of CG.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81803845Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,No.2018MS08040+1 种基金Construction Project of"Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Mongolian Medicine and Food Source Protection and Utilization Innovation Team",No.190301Graduate Research Project of Inner Mongolia Minzu University,No.NMDBS1901.
文摘Lomatogonium rotatum(L.rotatum)Fries ex Nym,a dry whole grass belonging to the family Gentianaceae,is widely used to treat liver diseases in Mongolian medicine.In Mongolian medicine,L.rotatum Fries ex Nym,also known as Digeda,is a rare medicinal herb with low yield and widespread clinical use.Currently,it is included in over 25 traditional Mongolian medicine prescriptions that help reduce heat,dispel xieri,enhance stomach function,and heal wounds.Recent studies have shown that L.rotatum Fries ex Nym contains a variety of metabolites,including flavonoids,xanthone compounds,terpenoids,organic acids,steroids,and alkaloids.In addition,its anti-hepatitis B,anti-inflammatory,anti-acute liver injury,and anti-obesity effects have been proven by pharmacological studies.In this review,we summarize the ecological resources,traditional pharmacodynamics,chemical constituents,and pharmacological actions of L.rotatum Fries ex Nym,with an aim to provide a theoretical basis for future applied research and new product development.
文摘Bupleurum has been used as traditional medicine in China,Japan,South Korea,and other Asian countries for more than 2,000 years.The crude extracts and pure compounds isolated from Bupleurum have a variety of biological activities,such as anti-inflammatory,anti-cancer,antipyretic,antibacterial,anti-viral,liver protection,neuroprotection,and immune regxilation.The pharmacological effects of Bupleurum have been classified and summarized in this paper by consulting literatures at home and abroad.At the same time,the quality analysis methods of bupleurum,including high-performance liquid chromatography,thin layer chromatography,ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry,UPLC-QTOF-MS,and so on,are discussed.This paper provides a reference for further research,development,and application of Bupleurum.
基金supported by the Anhui Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Liu Jian Studio Construction Project(Traditional Chinese Medicine Development Secret[2018]No.11)the Ministry of Science and Technology National Key Research and Development Program Chinese Medicine Modernization Research Key Project(No.2018YFC1705204)+2 种基金Anhui Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Leading Talent Project(Traditional Chinese Medicine Development Secret[2018]No.23)the Anhui key Research and Development Program Foreign Science and Technology Cooperation Project(No.201904b11020011)the Anhui Provincial Education Department Project(No.2022AH050449).
文摘On the basis of data mining,systematic pharmacology,molecular docking,and experiment validation,the oxidative-inflammatory molecular targets of Coicis Semen in the therapy of osteoarthritis(OA)were explored.Methods:The association rule analysis was effectively applied to highlight the correlation between Coicis Semen and oxidative inflammation indices.The random walk model was subsequently used to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Coicis Semen.Network pharmacology was used to predict network targets.The binding affinity of the active ingredient in Coicis Semen to the key target of OA was also successfully predicted.Results:Coicis Semen showed a significant reduction in oxidative-inflammatory indicators of OA.A total of 108 promising targets were predicted for the 24 bioactive compounds in Coicis Semen.Eight target genes were considered core target genes.The enrichment analysis predicts that Coicis Semen may activate the interleukin(IL)-17,mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK),and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-kappa B)signaling pathways.Molecular docking demonstrated that stigmasterol,2-monoolein,sitosterol,and sitosterol alpha1 had free binding energies to oxidative and inflammatory targets(MAPK1,Estrogen Receptor 1[ESR1],and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha[PPARA]).Both clinical trials and in vitro cell experiments revealed that Coicis Semen could increase ESR1 and PPAR-αlevels while decreasing MAPK1 levels.Conclusions:Coicis Semen has a remarkable anti-OA effect.Precisely,the major components of Coicis Semen,including stigmasterol,sitosterol alpha1,sitosterol,and 2-monoolein,specifically inhibit MAPK1,ESR1,and PPARA to reduce the inflammatory response and oxidative damage in OA.
文摘Kratom(Mitragyna speciosa)is a plant that grows well in tropical climates such as in Southeast Asia.Traditionally,people discovered it possessed a stimulating effect that relieved tiredness.Furthermore,it contains analgesic and medicinal properties for the treatment of pain,diarrhea,muscle discomfort,and blood pressure and to enhance stamina.Nevertheless,long term or regular consumption of kratom leads to addiction.This is because the main alkaloid of kratom,mitragynine,binds to opioid receptors and exerts a euphoric effect similar to that of morphine,which may lead to death.Due to this reason,kratom has been listed as a regulated substance in many countries including the United States,Thailand,Malaysia,Bhutan,Finland,Lithuania,Denmark,Poland,Sweden,Australia,and Myanmar.Usages of kratom carry two pharmacological effects depending on dosage.Low-dose kratom exerts a stimulating effect that refreshes the user.Highdose kratom exerts sedative effects that can lead to addiction similar to that of morphine.Despite the euphoric effect of kratom,the beneficial values of kratom to human health is indisputable.Therefore,a complete banning of kratom may cause a loss to pharmaceutical industry.Rather,a controlled or selective usage of kratom will be a better choice.
基金National Science Foundation of China(Project No.81430094 and No.81603311)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.7164239).
文摘Objective:Explicating the property and action of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in the perspectives of modern science deepens the insight into the property of TCM,and provides the basis for new drug discovery and clinical therapy.In this study,we investigated the relationship between transient receptor potential melastatin 8(TRPM8)and pungent flavor using three-dimensional pharmacophores based on virtual screening methods.Methods:Firstly,an inhouse database was established to identify the related pharmacological action according to the traditional Chinese herbs expressing an action of promoting blood circulation.Then,several therapeutic targets,3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase(HMG-CoAR),cholesteryl ester transfer protein(CETP),Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1(NPC1L1)and platelet-activating factor receptor(PAFR),were selected to screen traditional Chinese herbs,and the common virtual screening hits with various hit scores providing data to reveal the correlation among TRPM8 and therapeutic targets.Results:According to the screening results,TRPM8 agonists were able to identify the effective components of pungent herbs and TRPM8,which shares the common virtual screening hits with the therapeutic targets,was considered to be related to the action of pungent taste.Conclusion:The novel ideas and methods in this study are beneficial to unveil the scientific relationship between a TCM property and its action.
基金Western Light Program Provided by CAS(No.2019-FPGGRC-004)Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Targeted Poverty Alleviation by Science and Technology(2018007A05)。
文摘This article focuses on the cultivation techniques and harvesting of Vernonia anthelmintica Willd.At present,the domestic cultivation of V.anthelmintica Willd has not formed a scale,characterized with low seed yield and high harvesting cost.Therefore,it is of great significance to carry out research on the cultivation techniques and yield improvement of V.anthelmintica Willd.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81460587)Zhuang Yao Medicine Collaborative InnovationC enter Project(GJKY[2013]20)+2 种基金Guangxi Key Laboratory of Zhuang Yao Medicine(GKJZ[2014]32)Guangxi Key Discipline:Zhuang Pharmacy(GJKY[2013]16)Chinese Traditional Medicine Innovation Theory and Drug EfficacyS tudy of Bagui Scholars
文摘This study was conducted to investigate the changes of polysaccharides content in Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis and its pharmacological action. The results showed that different growth years,different periods,different habitats and different external factors had influences on the change of polysaccharide content in Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis. Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis has certain effects of enhancing immunity,resisting fatigue and oxidation,promoting digestion and salivation secretion,reducing blood sugar and blood pressure,resisting tumor and liver injury,and relaxing bowels. Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis polysaccharides are the main effective components in Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis. The control of Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis polysaccharide content is of great significance to the assurance of the yield and quality of Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis material.
文摘In this paper,the resource distribution,pharmacological action and culture status of hirudos were reviewed.Hirudo resources are widely distributed and have a variety of pharmacological effects,but culture is difficult,so the scientific development of hirudos culture and solving the problem of hirudos breeding can alleviate the contradiction in the medicine market and contribute to the sustainable development of hirudo medicine.
基金Supported by Central Government’s Guiding Funds for Local Science and Technology Development(202207AB110008)Yunnan University Engineering Research Center(2020YGG01)。
文摘This paper systematically expounds the chemical composition,pharmacological activity and clinical application of Rhodobryum roseum Limpr.,in order to provide a reference for further research and development.
基金Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province of China(2016A030303013)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province of China(2017A020213001).
文摘Background:This study aimed to identify the main active components,targets and pathways of Yueju pill,explore its mechanism in the treatment of depressive polycystic ovary syndrome,so as to provide proofs for expanding the clinical application of Yueju pill.Methods:The active components and targets of Yueju pill were retrieved from the traditional Chinese medicine system pharmacology(TCMSP)database and analysis platform.GeneCards and OMIM were used to search the disease targets of polycystic ovary syndrome and depression.The intersection genes of drug and disease were obtained via venny.R.STRING 11.0 was adopted to construct PPI network,then we obtained the hub genes with count.R.Utilized Cytoscape 3.7.2 to construct the"drug-disease-active ingredientsproteins"network.Finally,the Bioconductor tools of gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)were applied to the enrichment of biological functions and pathways.Results:There were 37 compounds in the prescription of Yueju pill,and 83 intersection genes of Yueju pill and PCOS-Depression.The significant genes were IL6,VEGFA,EGF,MAPK1,ESR1,MAPK8,EGFR and MAPK14.Through the enrichment of GO and KEGG,we found 106 biological processes and 129 signaling pathways were related to the treatment of depressive polycystic ovary syndrome with Yueju pill.Conclusions:Our study could provide sufficient data in supporting Yueju pill to treat polycystic ovary syndrome,while the purpose of anti-depression should be achieved by relieving the systemic symptoms.This study would provide fresh insights for expanding the clinical application of Yueju pill.
基金Granted by the Guangdong Provincial Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.:20131155).
文摘Yupingfeng Powder is widely used in the treatment of respiratory,digestive,urinary,dermatological and ENT diseases.The author reviewed the animal pharmacology experiments and clinical cases in recent years,and summarized and analyzed the diseases he treated,providing ideas and methods for clinical users.
文摘Tabanus is a traditional Chinese medicine.In recent years,various protein active components derived from the Tabanus salivary gland have been explored,and many promising components were found to have therapeutic effect.The rich active components in its salivary gland have pharmacological effects,such as anti-platelet aggregation,anti-inflammatory,anti-infection,immunosuppression,anti-angiogenic,and anti-tumor effects.This paper summarizes findings from the related articles about Tabanus in recent years with a special focus on its pharmacological effects so as to provide reference for its further development and utilization.
文摘Sini decoction originated from Zhang Zhongjing's Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and Miscellaneous Diseases(200-210 C.E.)in the Eastern Han Dynasty.It is a traditional and famous prescription in China.Its preparations mainly include Sini decoction,Sini decoction drop pills and Sini decoction suppositories.The main chemical components are diterpenoid alkaloids,gingerol,volatile oil,coumarin,polysaccharide,triterpene saponins,flavonoids,amino acids,and alkaloids.This product has a cardiovascular function,anti-shock,anti-diabetes complications,anti-tumor,anti-atherosclerosis,and effects on the nervous system.Modern clinical practice is widely used in cardiovascular,respiratory,digestive,neurological and gynecological diseases.This paper reviews the pharmaceutical research,pharmacological effects,safety evaluation and clinical application of Sini decoction,including the source and composition of Sini decoction,the origin and resource status of authentic medicinal materials of Sini decoction,the research on preparation form reform,chemical composition and quality control,to provide a reference for further research and clinical promotion of Sini decoction.
基金This work was supported by the China International S&T Cooperation(no:2014DFA31130).
文摘Background:Chemotherapy for schistosomiasis has been around for 100 years.During the past century,great efforts have been made to develop new antischistosomal drugs from antimonials to nonantimonials,and some of these have been used extensively in clinical treatment.With the exception of a few drugs,such as oxamniquine and metrifonate,most of the antischistosomals developed in the pre-praziquantel period have variable limitations with respect to safety and efficacy.Although oxamniquine and metrifonate have been used for schistosomiasis control,they are only effective against Schistosoma mansoni and S.haematobium,respectively.Currently,praziquantel is the only drug used for treatment of all five species of human schistosomes.In this review,the pharmacological and immunological effects of praziquantel against S.japonicum are summarized and discussed.Main text:From the end of the 1970s until the 2000s,scientists have conducted a series of experimental studies on the effects of praziquantel against S.japonicum.These have included examining its unique pharmacological action on schistosomes,the characteristics in susceptibility of the different developmental stages of schistosomes to the drug,the relationship between plasma concentration of the drug and efficacy,the impact of host factors on cidal action of the drug,prevention and early treatment of schistosomal infection,as well as praziquantel-resistant schistosomiasis.Conclusion:The effects of praziquantel against S.japonicum,as elucidated by the experimental studies that are reviewed in this paper,may have some reference significance for the development of new antischistosomals.
