The fruit-bearing quantities of nut Korean pines (Pinus Koraiensis) of natural stands in Changbai Mountain, Xiaoxing'an Mountain, and Wanda Mountain and of artificial forest in Hegang area of Heilongjiang Province...The fruit-bearing quantities of nut Korean pines (Pinus Koraiensis) of natural stands in Changbai Mountain, Xiaoxing'an Mountain, and Wanda Mountain and of artificial forest in Hegang area of Heilongjiang Province were investigated and measured by seed collection of singletree during 1988–1998. In order to evaluate the elite nut tree of fructification, the characteristics of fructification of Korena pine, including, the fruit-bearing quantity, output of seed, quantity of cone, cone size, seed size, the ratio of null seed by solid seed, seed percentage of cone, rate of the cones infested with pest, and fruit-bearing index, etc., were analyzed with the variance analysis, multiple comparison and stepwise regression to obtain the contribution ratio of each fruit-bearing factor to fruit-bearing quantity. The multiple correlation factors and the partial correlation factors for fruit-bearing quantities of Korean pine were determined for different geographical areas, and the cone length, thousand-grain-weight, and the seed percentage of cone were considered as important indices for selection of elite trees. The method of modified weighted coefficients was adopted to select the elite nut trees of Korean pine. Standards for selecting elite nut trees from the natural stands and artificial forest of Korean pine were established. This study could provde selection method and standard of elite nut trees for setting up seed orchard of Korean Pine.展开更多
Hard carbons as promising anode materials for Na-ion batteries(NIBs) have captured extensive attention because of their low operation voltage, easy synthesis process, and competitive specific capacity. However, there ...Hard carbons as promising anode materials for Na-ion batteries(NIBs) have captured extensive attention because of their low operation voltage, easy synthesis process, and competitive specific capacity. However, there are still several disadvantages, such as high cost and low initial coulombic efficiency, which limit their large-scale commercial applications.Herein, pine nut shells(PNSs), a low-cost biomass waste, are used as precursors to prepare hard carbon materials. Via a series of washing and heat treatment procedures, a pine nut shell hard carbon(PNSHC)-1400 sample has been obtained and delivers a reversible capacity of around 300 mAh/g, a high initial coulombic efficiency of 84%, and good cycling performance. These excellent Na storage properties indicate that PNSHC is one of the most promising candidates of hard carbon anodes for NIBs.展开更多
Pine nuts are becoming a popular snack because of their interesting taste and positive nutritional profile. Their fatty acid profile has been reported but there is some confusion identifying named cultivars. This stud...Pine nuts are becoming a popular snack because of their interesting taste and positive nutritional profile. Their fatty acid profile has been reported but there is some confusion identifying named cultivars. This study presents the fatty acid profile of five different cultivars of pine nuts currently growing in the South Island of New Zealand. The data are compared to three different samples of pine nuts currently imported into NZ. Identification of the twelve different fatty acids extracted from these samples was identified by retention time using GC-FID and GC-MS methods. The peaks were further identified by comparison of the retention times with a MS Library match and their corresponding LRI value. All but two of the extracted fatty acids were identified by comparisons with a known pure fatty acid standard sample for each fatty acid. Botanical identification of the five locally grown pine nuts was confirmed by calculating the Diagnostic Index of each cultivar from its fatty acid composition.展开更多
基于食品基质中松仁过敏原Pin k 2建立了一种超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法。将松仁经过研磨、脱脂、浸提、酶解后经Easy-nLC 1000-QExactive高分辨质谱仪进行分离分析,结合Uniprot蛋白数据库以及ProteinPilotTM软件对质谱图进行数据处理,...基于食品基质中松仁过敏原Pin k 2建立了一种超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法。将松仁经过研磨、脱脂、浸提、酶解后经Easy-nLC 1000-QExactive高分辨质谱仪进行分离分析,结合Uniprot蛋白数据库以及ProteinPilotTM软件对质谱图进行数据处理,经BLAST验证特异性,最终筛选3条松仁特异性肽段。方法学验证结果表明,方法在0.001~50mg/mL范围内线性关系良好,定量限为1mg/kg;在饼干、巧克力和饮料3种空白基质中的平均回收率为88.50%~107.57%,相对标准偏差不高于6.08%,基质效应为89.77%~96.13%。该方法具有灵敏度高、特异性好的优势,可应用于饼干、巧克力、饮料等食品样品中松仁过敏原的检测,为我国食品标签真实性检验及食品中隐性过敏原的检测提供技术支持。展开更多
Korean pine is one of the most important plantation species in northeast China. Besides timber, it produces edible nuts and plantations sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This study optimized the management...Korean pine is one of the most important plantation species in northeast China. Besides timber, it produces edible nuts and plantations sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This study optimized the management of Korean pine plantations for timber production, seed production, carbon sequestration and for the joint production of multiple benefits. As the first step, models were developed for stand dynamics and seed production. These models were used in a simulation-optimization system to find optimal timing and type of thinning treatments and optimal rotation lengths. It was found that three thinnings during the rotation period were optimal. When the amount or profitability of timber production is maximized, suitable rotation lengths are 65-70 years and wood production is 5.5-6.0 m(3) ha(-1) a(-1). The optimal thinning regime is thinning from above. In seed production, optimal rotation lengths are over 100 years. When carbon sequestration in living biomass is maximized, stands should not be clear-cut until trees start to die due to senescence. In the joint production of multiple benefits, the optimal rotation length is 86 years if all benefits (wood, economic profits, seed, carbon sequestration) are equally important. In this management schedule, mean annual wood production is 5.5 m(2) ha(-1) and mean annual seed yield 141 kg ha(-1). It was concluded that it is better to produce timber and seeds in the same stands rather than assign stands to either timber production or seed production.展开更多
基金Sciences and Technology Office of Heilongjiang Province (a grant G99B5-10).
文摘The fruit-bearing quantities of nut Korean pines (Pinus Koraiensis) of natural stands in Changbai Mountain, Xiaoxing'an Mountain, and Wanda Mountain and of artificial forest in Hegang area of Heilongjiang Province were investigated and measured by seed collection of singletree during 1988–1998. In order to evaluate the elite nut tree of fructification, the characteristics of fructification of Korena pine, including, the fruit-bearing quantity, output of seed, quantity of cone, cone size, seed size, the ratio of null seed by solid seed, seed percentage of cone, rate of the cones infested with pest, and fruit-bearing index, etc., were analyzed with the variance analysis, multiple comparison and stepwise regression to obtain the contribution ratio of each fruit-bearing factor to fruit-bearing quantity. The multiple correlation factors and the partial correlation factors for fruit-bearing quantities of Korean pine were determined for different geographical areas, and the cone length, thousand-grain-weight, and the seed percentage of cone were considered as important indices for selection of elite trees. The method of modified weighted coefficients was adopted to select the elite nut trees of Korean pine. Standards for selecting elite nut trees from the natural stands and artificial forest of Korean pine were established. This study could provde selection method and standard of elite nut trees for setting up seed orchard of Korean Pine.
基金Project supported by the President Fund Project of China Institute of Atomic Energy
文摘Hard carbons as promising anode materials for Na-ion batteries(NIBs) have captured extensive attention because of their low operation voltage, easy synthesis process, and competitive specific capacity. However, there are still several disadvantages, such as high cost and low initial coulombic efficiency, which limit their large-scale commercial applications.Herein, pine nut shells(PNSs), a low-cost biomass waste, are used as precursors to prepare hard carbon materials. Via a series of washing and heat treatment procedures, a pine nut shell hard carbon(PNSHC)-1400 sample has been obtained and delivers a reversible capacity of around 300 mAh/g, a high initial coulombic efficiency of 84%, and good cycling performance. These excellent Na storage properties indicate that PNSHC is one of the most promising candidates of hard carbon anodes for NIBs.
文摘Pine nuts are becoming a popular snack because of their interesting taste and positive nutritional profile. Their fatty acid profile has been reported but there is some confusion identifying named cultivars. This study presents the fatty acid profile of five different cultivars of pine nuts currently growing in the South Island of New Zealand. The data are compared to three different samples of pine nuts currently imported into NZ. Identification of the twelve different fatty acids extracted from these samples was identified by retention time using GC-FID and GC-MS methods. The peaks were further identified by comparison of the retention times with a MS Library match and their corresponding LRI value. All but two of the extracted fatty acids were identified by comparisons with a known pure fatty acid standard sample for each fatty acid. Botanical identification of the five locally grown pine nuts was confirmed by calculating the Diagnostic Index of each cultivar from its fatty acid composition.
文摘基于食品基质中松仁过敏原Pin k 2建立了一种超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法。将松仁经过研磨、脱脂、浸提、酶解后经Easy-nLC 1000-QExactive高分辨质谱仪进行分离分析,结合Uniprot蛋白数据库以及ProteinPilotTM软件对质谱图进行数据处理,经BLAST验证特异性,最终筛选3条松仁特异性肽段。方法学验证结果表明,方法在0.001~50mg/mL范围内线性关系良好,定量限为1mg/kg;在饼干、巧克力和饮料3种空白基质中的平均回收率为88.50%~107.57%,相对标准偏差不高于6.08%,基质效应为89.77%~96.13%。该方法具有灵敏度高、特异性好的优势,可应用于饼干、巧克力、饮料等食品样品中松仁过敏原的检测,为我国食品标签真实性检验及食品中隐性过敏原的检测提供技术支持。
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31600511)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of the People’s Republic of China(2572017CA04)
文摘Korean pine is one of the most important plantation species in northeast China. Besides timber, it produces edible nuts and plantations sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This study optimized the management of Korean pine plantations for timber production, seed production, carbon sequestration and for the joint production of multiple benefits. As the first step, models were developed for stand dynamics and seed production. These models were used in a simulation-optimization system to find optimal timing and type of thinning treatments and optimal rotation lengths. It was found that three thinnings during the rotation period were optimal. When the amount or profitability of timber production is maximized, suitable rotation lengths are 65-70 years and wood production is 5.5-6.0 m(3) ha(-1) a(-1). The optimal thinning regime is thinning from above. In seed production, optimal rotation lengths are over 100 years. When carbon sequestration in living biomass is maximized, stands should not be clear-cut until trees start to die due to senescence. In the joint production of multiple benefits, the optimal rotation length is 86 years if all benefits (wood, economic profits, seed, carbon sequestration) are equally important. In this management schedule, mean annual wood production is 5.5 m(2) ha(-1) and mean annual seed yield 141 kg ha(-1). It was concluded that it is better to produce timber and seeds in the same stands rather than assign stands to either timber production or seed production.
