The"Ninth Five-Year Plan for theNational Economy and SocialDevelopment and the Long-TermTarget by the Year 2010" adopted at theFourth Session of the Eighth National People’sCongress have opened up a vast ne...The"Ninth Five-Year Plan for theNational Economy and SocialDevelopment and the Long-TermTarget by the Year 2010" adopted at theFourth Session of the Eighth National People’sCongress have opened up a vast new worldfor the development of China’s food industry.The food industry should seize the opportunityto strengthen itself and speed up itsdevelopment for meeting the needs ofimproving the people’s living standards andperform well in modernized socialistconstruction.展开更多
According to the National Meeting on Power Construction and Cost Control held in Beijing on 26th August 1996, the target for power construction in the period of 9th Five- year Plan is set-up as follows:
In April 2009, after receiving ap- proval from the State Council, the Information Office of the State Council published the NationalHuman Rights Action Plan of China （2009-2010）. It is China＇s first national plan o...In April 2009, after receiving ap- proval from the State Council, the Information Office of the State Council published the NationalHuman Rights Action Plan of China （2009-2010）. It is China＇s first national plan on the theme of human rights, and serves as a policy document of the current stage for advancing China＇s human rights in a comprehensive way. It is an important move to implement the constitutional principle of respect- ing and safeguarding human rights, and to promote sustainable development and social harmony. It is also a solemn commitment to the world made by the Chinese government on human rights.展开更多
<strong>Purpose:</strong><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The study was performed comparing dosimetric characteristics of volumetric modu...<strong>Purpose:</strong><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The study was performed comparing dosimetric characteristics of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and field-in-field (FiF) techniques on a patient with synchronous bilateral breast carcinoma. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The patients with bilateral breast cancer treatment were included in this study. A total dose of 40.05 Gy in 15 fractions was prescribed to the Planning Target Volume (PTV) of the whole bilateral breast cancer with the supraclavicular and infraclavicular nodes, with a complementary boost of 10 Gy in 4 fractions to the surgical bed (PTV</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">boost</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). For both radiotherapy techniques, several V</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">xGy</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> parameters were analyzed for the PTVs, together with the Conformity index (CI), the Homogeneity index (HI) and the critical organs at risk (OARs), lungs and heart. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The patient was treated by the VMAT technique and the daily treatment time was less than 20 minutes with daily CBCT imaging. In the VMAT plan, the PTV 95% dose covered 38.89 ± 0.81 Gy, compared to 37.26 ± 1.02 Gy in the FiF technique. The VMAT plan improved the dose homogeneity index and lower dose in lung towards high dose region. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The study demonstrates the viability of the VMAT technique in the treatment of bilateral breast cancer. The introduced single isocentric VMAT technique is fast to deliver and it increases the dose homogeneity of the target volume with some limitations. The treatment was well tolerated, without interruption of the treatment courses caused by treatment</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">related toxicities.</span>展开更多
<strong>Purpose:</strong> <span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The study is aimed to establish the dosimetric characteristics of field-in-fiel...<strong>Purpose:</strong> <span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The study is aimed to establish the dosimetric characteristics of field-in-field (FiF) technique for carcinoma of breast treatment in Nepal. We assumed that FIF technique may result in improved dose distribution and reduced acute toxicity in these patients. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Forty breast cancer patient</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> participated in this study. A total dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions was prescribed to the planning target volume. FiF plan was generated in treatment planning system. Dose volume histograms w</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ere</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> evaluated for PTV and organs at risks. Several parameters were analyzed for the PTVs and organ at risks (OARs) together with the Conformity index (CI), and the Homogeneity index (HI). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The dose coverage of breast volume was achieved. The V</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">95%</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (volume of 95%) of PTV covered D</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">95%</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Dose of 95%). The PTV dose was covered to 49.98 ± 0.9 Gy and 49.81 ± 1.1 Gy for the left and right breast, respectively. The mean lung dose was 14.87 ± 0.91 Gy. The homogeneity index (0.26 ± 0.17 and 0.22 ± 0.13) and conformity index (1.59 ± 0.75 and 1.36 ± 0.45) were analyzed for left and right breast, respectively. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The study supports the viability of FiF technique in the treatment of breast cancer in Nepal. The FIF technique enables better dose distribution in the PTV and reduces dose to OARs. The FiF technique provides dosimetric advantages and requires less planning time.</span></span>展开更多
This paper presents the guidelines and basic ideas for working out the development plan of new and renewable energy based upon China’s conditions, the foundation of industrialization development, targets of developme...This paper presents the guidelines and basic ideas for working out the development plan of new and renewable energy based upon China’s conditions, the foundation of industrialization development, targets of development for year 2000-2015 and the main tasks of industrialization system construction.展开更多
This paper looks back upon the achievements of the electric power industry during the Ninth Five-year Plan Period(1996-2000), and puts forward the developing targets and the working focuses for the Tenth Five-year Pla...This paper looks back upon the achievements of the electric power industry during the Ninth Five-year Plan Period(1996-2000), and puts forward the developing targets and the working focuses for the Tenth Five-year Plan Period(2001-2005).展开更多
In this paper,based on the stochastic optimal control method,the intergenerational risk and inflation risk,the optimal investment strategy of the target benefit pension plan is investigated on the basis of measuring t...In this paper,based on the stochastic optimal control method,the intergenerational risk and inflation risk,the optimal investment strategy of the target benefit pension plan is investigated on the basis of measuring the random wage rate under the random mortality and inflation risk of the personnel in the plan and the correlation between the wage change and the fluctuation of the financial market.The research shows that the financial market parameters and wage rate have a great influence on the optimal investment strategy,and gives the optimal investment strategy and the optimal income adjustment strategy of the target benefit pension.The research of this paper provides a reference for the policy formulation and implementation of the Target Benefit Pension Plan in our country.展开更多
美国哈佛大学向美国的贫困或中等收入的家庭发出了一个信息:Wewant to send the strongest possible message that Harvard is open to talentedstudents from all economic backgrounds.所谓贫困家庭的学生,英语有一个委婉说法:student...美国哈佛大学向美国的贫困或中等收入的家庭发出了一个信息:Wewant to send the strongest possible message that Harvard is open to talentedstudents from all economic backgrounds.所谓贫困家庭的学生,英语有一个委婉说法:students from disadvantaged(贫困的)backgrounds。其标准是:家庭的年收入在40,000到60,000美元之间。该大学将如何在经济上“照顾”这些学子呢?文章讲得很清楚,包括以下方面:it will waive(放弃)application fees,payfor travel for campus visits and make funds available for books,winter clothing,medical care and other extraordinary expenses.本文还出现了一个精彩表达,似乎一下子很难译成汉语:colleges with competitive admissions(在招生方面具有竞争力的学校)展开更多
文摘The"Ninth Five-Year Plan for theNational Economy and SocialDevelopment and the Long-TermTarget by the Year 2010" adopted at theFourth Session of the Eighth National People’sCongress have opened up a vast new worldfor the development of China’s food industry.The food industry should seize the opportunityto strengthen itself and speed up itsdevelopment for meeting the needs ofimproving the people’s living standards andperform well in modernized socialistconstruction.
文摘According to the National Meeting on Power Construction and Cost Control held in Beijing on 26th August 1996, the target for power construction in the period of 9th Five- year Plan is set-up as follows:
文摘In April 2009, after receiving ap- proval from the State Council, the Information Office of the State Council published the NationalHuman Rights Action Plan of China （2009-2010）. It is China＇s first national plan on the theme of human rights, and serves as a policy document of the current stage for advancing China＇s human rights in a comprehensive way. It is an important move to implement the constitutional principle of respect- ing and safeguarding human rights, and to promote sustainable development and social harmony. It is also a solemn commitment to the world made by the Chinese government on human rights.
文摘<strong>Purpose:</strong><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The study was performed comparing dosimetric characteristics of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and field-in-field (FiF) techniques on a patient with synchronous bilateral breast carcinoma. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The patients with bilateral breast cancer treatment were included in this study. A total dose of 40.05 Gy in 15 fractions was prescribed to the Planning Target Volume (PTV) of the whole bilateral breast cancer with the supraclavicular and infraclavicular nodes, with a complementary boost of 10 Gy in 4 fractions to the surgical bed (PTV</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">boost</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). For both radiotherapy techniques, several V</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">xGy</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> parameters were analyzed for the PTVs, together with the Conformity index (CI), the Homogeneity index (HI) and the critical organs at risk (OARs), lungs and heart. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The patient was treated by the VMAT technique and the daily treatment time was less than 20 minutes with daily CBCT imaging. In the VMAT plan, the PTV 95% dose covered 38.89 ± 0.81 Gy, compared to 37.26 ± 1.02 Gy in the FiF technique. The VMAT plan improved the dose homogeneity index and lower dose in lung towards high dose region. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The study demonstrates the viability of the VMAT technique in the treatment of bilateral breast cancer. The introduced single isocentric VMAT technique is fast to deliver and it increases the dose homogeneity of the target volume with some limitations. The treatment was well tolerated, without interruption of the treatment courses caused by treatment</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">related toxicities.</span>
文摘<strong>Purpose:</strong> <span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The study is aimed to establish the dosimetric characteristics of field-in-field (FiF) technique for carcinoma of breast treatment in Nepal. We assumed that FIF technique may result in improved dose distribution and reduced acute toxicity in these patients. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Forty breast cancer patient</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> participated in this study. A total dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions was prescribed to the planning target volume. FiF plan was generated in treatment planning system. Dose volume histograms w</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ere</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> evaluated for PTV and organs at risks. Several parameters were analyzed for the PTVs and organ at risks (OARs) together with the Conformity index (CI), and the Homogeneity index (HI). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The dose coverage of breast volume was achieved. The V</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">95%</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (volume of 95%) of PTV covered D</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">95%</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Dose of 95%). The PTV dose was covered to 49.98 ± 0.9 Gy and 49.81 ± 1.1 Gy for the left and right breast, respectively. The mean lung dose was 14.87 ± 0.91 Gy. The homogeneity index (0.26 ± 0.17 and 0.22 ± 0.13) and conformity index (1.59 ± 0.75 and 1.36 ± 0.45) were analyzed for left and right breast, respectively. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The study supports the viability of FiF technique in the treatment of breast cancer in Nepal. The FIF technique enables better dose distribution in the PTV and reduces dose to OARs. The FiF technique provides dosimetric advantages and requires less planning time.</span></span>
文摘This paper presents the guidelines and basic ideas for working out the development plan of new and renewable energy based upon China’s conditions, the foundation of industrialization development, targets of development for year 2000-2015 and the main tasks of industrialization system construction.
文摘This paper looks back upon the achievements of the electric power industry during the Ninth Five-year Plan Period(1996-2000), and puts forward the developing targets and the working focuses for the Tenth Five-year Plan Period(2001-2005).
基金Supported by Key Advance Research Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Xjky08201901)Anhui Provincial Department of Education in Terms of Key Projects(kj2019A1289)Anhui Province University Outstanding Talents Support Plan Project(gxyq2020105)。
文摘In this paper,based on the stochastic optimal control method,the intergenerational risk and inflation risk,the optimal investment strategy of the target benefit pension plan is investigated on the basis of measuring the random wage rate under the random mortality and inflation risk of the personnel in the plan and the correlation between the wage change and the fluctuation of the financial market.The research shows that the financial market parameters and wage rate have a great influence on the optimal investment strategy,and gives the optimal investment strategy and the optimal income adjustment strategy of the target benefit pension.The research of this paper provides a reference for the policy formulation and implementation of the Target Benefit Pension Plan in our country.
文摘美国哈佛大学向美国的贫困或中等收入的家庭发出了一个信息:Wewant to send the strongest possible message that Harvard is open to talentedstudents from all economic backgrounds.所谓贫困家庭的学生,英语有一个委婉说法:students from disadvantaged(贫困的)backgrounds。其标准是:家庭的年收入在40,000到60,000美元之间。该大学将如何在经济上“照顾”这些学子呢?文章讲得很清楚,包括以下方面:it will waive(放弃)application fees,payfor travel for campus visits and make funds available for books,winter clothing,medical care and other extraordinary expenses.本文还出现了一个精彩表达,似乎一下子很难译成汉语:colleges with competitive admissions(在招生方面具有竞争力的学校)
