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Effects of loading rate on root pullout performance of two plants in the eastern Loess Plateau,China
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作者 ZHANG Chaobo LI Rong +1 位作者 JIANG Jing YANG Qihong 《Journal of Arid Land》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第9期1129-1142,共14页
Root pullout performance of plants is an important mechanical basis for soil reinforcement by plant roots in the semi-arid areas.Studies have shown that it is affected by plant factors(species,ages,root geometry,etc.)... Root pullout performance of plants is an important mechanical basis for soil reinforcement by plant roots in the semi-arid areas.Studies have shown that it is affected by plant factors(species,ages,root geometry,etc.)and soil factors(soil types,soil moisture,soil bulk densities,etc.).However,the effects of loading rates on root pullout performance are not well studied.To explore the mechanical interactions under different loading rates,we conducted pullout tests on Medicago sativa L.and Hippophae rhamnoides L.roots under five loading rates,i.e.,5,50,100,150,and 200 mm/min.In addition,tensile tests were conducted on the roots in diameters of 0.5-2.0 mm to compare the relationship between root tensile properties and root pullout properties.Results showed that two root failure modes,slippage and breakage,were observed during root pullout tests.All M.sativa roots were pulled out,while 72.2%of H.rhamnoides roots were broken.The maximum fracture diameter and fracture root length of H.rhamnoides were 1.22 mm and 7.44 cm under 100 mm/min loading rate,respectively.Root displacement values were 4.63%(±0.43%)and 8.91%(±0.52%)of the total root length for M.sativa and H.rhamnoides,respectively.The values of maximum pullout force were 14.6(±0.7)and 17.7(±1.8)N under 100 mm/min for M.sativa and H.rhamnoides,respectively.Values of the maximum pullout strength for M.sativa and H.rhamnoides were 38.38(±5.48)MPa under 150 mm/min and 12.47(±1.43)MPa under 100 mm/min,respectively.Root-soil friction coefficient under 100 mm/min was significantly larger than those under other loading rates for both the two species.Values of the maximum root pullout energy for M.sativa and H.rhamnoides were 87.83(±21.55)mm•N under 100 mm/min and 173.53(±38.53)mm•N under 200 mm/min,respectively.Root pullout force was significantly related to root diameter(P<0.01).Peak root pullout force was significantly affected by loading rates when the effect of root diameter was included(P<0.01),and vice versa.Except for the failure mode and peak pullout force,other pullout parameters,including root pullout strength,root displacement,root-soil friction coefficient,and root pullout energy were not significantly affected by loading rates(P>0.05).Root pullout strength was greater than root tensile strength for the two species.The results suggested that there was no need to deliberately control loading rate in root pullout tests in the semi-arid soil,and root pullout force and pullout strength could be better parameters for root reinforcement model compared with root tensile strength as root pullout force and pullout strength could more realistically reflect the working state of roots in the semi-arid soil. 展开更多
关键词 plant roots soil reinforcement loading rate root pullout properties root-soil interaction loess area
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Organic Acids Secreted from Plant Roots under Soil Stress and Their Effects on Ecological Adaptability of Plants 被引量:12
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作者 黄文斌 马瑞 +2 位作者 杨迪 刘星平 宋金凤 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2014年第7期1167-1173,共7页
[Objective] In this study,the secretion of organic acids from plant roots under soil nutrient and water stress and the effects of organic acids on ecological adaptability of plants were investigated,which provided the... [Objective] In this study,the secretion of organic acids from plant roots under soil nutrient and water stress and the effects of organic acids on ecological adaptability of plants were investigated,which provided theoretical basis for improving the adaptability of plants to a variety of stress conditions.The results showed that,under nutrient and water stress,the content of organic acids secreted from plant roots increased significantly as a common active adaptive response.Organic acids could improve the activities of a variety of antioxidant enzymes,contents of osmotic regulatory substances,contents of chlorophyll and photosynthesis levels,promote nutrient absorption and transportation in plants,and ultimately contribute to plant growth and biomass accumulation,reduce the toxicity of stress conditions to plants and improve the stress resistance and adaptability of plants. 展开更多
关键词 Nutrient stress Water stress Organic acids secreted from plant roots plant ecological adaptability
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Influence of environment and substrate quality on the decomposition of wetland plant root in the Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China 被引量:17
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作者 GUO Xuelian LU Xianguo +1 位作者 TONG Shouzheng DAI Guohua 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2008年第12期1445-1452,共8页
The litterbag method was used to study the decomposition of wetland plant root in three wetlands along a water level gradient in the Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China.These wetlands are Calamagrostis angustifolia(C.aa),C... The litterbag method was used to study the decomposition of wetland plant root in three wetlands along a water level gradient in the Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China.These wetlands are Calamagrostis angustifolia(C.aa),Carex meyeriana(C.ma)and Carex lasiocarpa (C.la).The objective of our study is to evaluate the influence of environment and substrate quality on decomposition rates in the three wetlands.Calico material was used as a standard substrate to evaluate environmental influences.Roots native to each we... 展开更多
关键词 wetland plant root DECOMPOSITION environment quality substrate quality Sanjiang Plain
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Effect of Plant Roots on Penetrability and Anti-Scouri-bility of Red Soil Derived from Granite 被引量:18
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作者 WUWEIDONG ZHENGSHIZHANG 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2000年第2期183-188,共6页
Distribution of plant roots in a red soil derived from granite was investigated to study the effect of plantroots on intensifying soil penetrability and anti-scouribility by the double-cutting-ring and the undisturbed... Distribution of plant roots in a red soil derived from granite was investigated to study the effect of plantroots on intensifying soil penetrability and anti-scouribility by the double-cutting-ring and the undisturbedsoil-flume methods, respectively. The plant roots system consisting mostly of fibrils, < 1 mm in diameter,was mainly distributed in the upper surface soil 30 cm in depth. It can remarhably increase the penetrabilityand anti-scouribility of the red soil derived from granite. When the root density was > 0.35 root cm-2, theintensifying effect of roots on both the penetrability and the anti-scouribility could be described by exponentequations, △ Ks = 0.0021RD1.4826 (R2 = 0.9313) and △ As = 0.0003RD1.8478 (R2 = O.9619), where △ Ks isthe value of intensified soil penetrability, a As the value of intensified soil anti-scouribility and RD the rootdensity, especially in the top soils within 30 cm in depth where plant roots were conceotrated. 展开更多
关键词 anti-scouribility GRANITE penetrability plant roots red soil
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Digital biofabrication to realize the potentials of plant roots for product design 被引量:2
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作者 Jiwei Zhou Bahareh Barati +2 位作者 Jun Wu Diana Scherer Elvin Karana 《Bio-Design and Manufacturing》 SCIE EI CSCD 2021年第1期111-122,共12页
Technological and economic opportunities,alongside the apparent ecological benefits,point to biodesign as a new industrial paradigm for the fabrication of products in the twenty-first century.The presented work studie... Technological and economic opportunities,alongside the apparent ecological benefits,point to biodesign as a new industrial paradigm for the fabrication of products in the twenty-first century.The presented work studies plant roots as a biodesign material in the fabrication of self-supported 3D structures,where the biologically and digitally designed materials provide each other with structural stability.Taking a material-driven design approach,we present our systematic tinkering activities with plant roots to better understand and anticipate their responsive behaviour.These helped us to identify the key design parameters and advance the unique potential of plant roots to bind discrete porous structures.We illustrate this binding potential of plant roots with a hybrid 3D object,for which plant roots connect 600 computationally designed,optimized,and fabricated bioplastic beads into a low stool. 展开更多
关键词 plant roots Biodesign Digital biofabrication Material-driven design Living organisms
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Testing allometric scaling relationships in plant roots 被引量:1
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作者 Qiang Deng Zhiyou Yuan +2 位作者 Xinrong Shi T.Ryan Lock Robert L.Kallenbach 《Forest Ecosystems》 SCIE CSCD 2020年第4期770-780,共11页
Background:Metabolic scaling theory predicts that plant productivity and biomass are both size-dependent.However,this theory has not yet been tested in plant roots.Methods:In this study,we tested how metabolic scaling... Background:Metabolic scaling theory predicts that plant productivity and biomass are both size-dependent.However,this theory has not yet been tested in plant roots.Methods:In this study,we tested how metabolic scaling occurs in plants using a comprehensive plant root dataset made up of 1016 observations from natural habitats.We generated metabolic scaling exponents by logtransformation of root productivity versus biomass.Results:Results showed that the metabolic scaling exponents of fine root(<2mm in diameter)productivity versus biomass were close to 1.0 for all ecosystem types and functional groups.Scaling exponents decreased in coarse roots(>2mm in diameter).Conclusions:We found isometric metabolic scaling in fine roots,a metabolically active organ similar to seedlings or saplings.Our findings also indicate a shift in metabolic scaling during plant development.Overall,our study supports the absence of any unified single constant scaling exponent for metabolism-biomass relationships in terrestrial plants,especially for forests with woody species. 展开更多
关键词 ALLOMETRY BIOMASS Metabolic scaling plant roots PRODUCTIVITY
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Fast and abundant in vitro spontaneous haustorium formation in root hemiparasitic plant Pedicularis kansuensis Maxim. (Orobanchaceae) 被引量:1
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作者 Lei Xiang Yanmei Li +1 位作者 Xiaolin Sui Airong Li 《Plant Diversity》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2018年第5期226-231,共6页
Haustorium formation is the characteristic feature of all parasitic plants and a vital process for successful parasitism.Previous investigations on haustorium initiation and development are constricted to induced proc... Haustorium formation is the characteristic feature of all parasitic plants and a vital process for successful parasitism.Previous investigations on haustorium initiation and development are constricted to induced processes by host-derived signals or synthetic analogs.Spontaneous haustorium formation in the absence of host signals,a process representing an early stage in the evolution of parasitic plants,remains largely unexplored.Lack of fast and frequent formation of spontaneous haustoria greatly hinders full understanding of haustorium formation in root hemiparasites.In this study,seedlings of Pedicularis kansuensis Maxim.,a facultative root hemiparasitic species in Orobanchaceae observed to produce many spontaneous haustoria,were grown in autoclaved water agar in the absence of any known haustoriuminducing stimulants.We aimed to test the temporal and developmental pattern of spontaneous haustorium formation.Also,effects of sucrose supply and root contact on spontaneous haustorium formation were tested.Spontaneous haustoria were observed starting from six days after germination,much earlier than previously reported root hemiparasites.A majority of the spontaneous haustoria formed on lateral roots.Percentage of seedlings with spontaneous haustoria was 28.8% when grown on water agar plates,with a mean of four haustoria per seedling two weeks after germination.Haustorium formation by seedlings grown in water agar amended with 2% sucrose was more than twice of those without sucrose amendment.Singly grown seedlings were able to develop spontaneous haustoria at similar levels as those grown with another conspecific seedling.In view of the fast and abundant formation of spontaneous haustoria,P.kansuensis may be developed as an excellent experimental system in future investigations for unraveling endogenous regulation of haustorium initiation and development in root hemiparasitic plants. 展开更多
关键词 Spontaneous haustoria root hemiparasitic plants OROBANCHACEAE PEDICULARIS Sucrose amendment
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3种生态护坡植物根固效应的试验研究
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作者 王秉宇 王士杰 王秉天 《河北农业大学学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第4期117-125,共9页
为研究不同植物根系的固土护坡效果,对含根原状土和植物根系分别进行了三轴压缩试验和单根抗拉试验。采用函数拟合及有限元分析的方法,探讨了不同参数条件下草本植物根与土的强度特性。研究结果表明:(1)原状土的剪切过程均具有应变-硬... 为研究不同植物根系的固土护坡效果,对含根原状土和植物根系分别进行了三轴压缩试验和单根抗拉试验。采用函数拟合及有限元分析的方法,探讨了不同参数条件下草本植物根与土的强度特性。研究结果表明:(1)原状土的剪切过程均具有应变-硬化特征,抗剪强度指标与含根量间具有良好的相关关系;同一根系深度或相近含根量条件下,鸡眼草根土复合体的抗剪强度最大;(2)根径、根系深度与抗拉力学性能指标间呈现出极显著的相关关系;在根径或根系深度一定时,鸡眼草根系的极限应力与应变、弹性模量等较其它2种植物均具有显著优势、具有更强的抵抗变形能力;(3)在相近含根量、相同根系深度下,鸡眼草的边坡安全系数最高。研究成果可为太行山地区生态护坡植物物种的筛选提供参考,为生态边坡设计、浅层滑坡与水土流失的防治提供有力支撑。 展开更多
关键词 草本植物 根系 生态边坡 抗剪强度 抗拉强度
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中国南北方植物对土壤加固机制的差异性
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作者 王丹 马超 +4 位作者 王云琦 王玉杰 吕柏伟 徐淑蕾 朱锦奇 《农业工程学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第8期98-106,共9页
为深入分析植物对土壤加固的影响效益和机制,该研究选取重庆缙云山地区和陕西延安黄土丘陵区种植一年的乔木(火炬树、榆树)和灌木(荆条、酸枣),测定其根系形态、力学参数和土壤的抗剪强度,通过RBMw模型计算根系固土效益,综合评估不同植... 为深入分析植物对土壤加固的影响效益和机制,该研究选取重庆缙云山地区和陕西延安黄土丘陵区种植一年的乔木(火炬树、榆树)和灌木(荆条、酸枣),测定其根系形态、力学参数和土壤的抗剪强度,通过RBMw模型计算根系固土效益,综合评估不同植物的固土效能和贡献度。结果表明:2地种植的物种平均根直径的差异不显著(P>0.05),重庆种植的乔木(火炬树、榆树)的根长、分叉数和根尖数显著高于延安,灌木未出现显著差异(P<0.05)。根系的抗拉强度与直径都符合负幂函数关系,其中平均抗拉强度最大的为荆条。除荆条外,同种植物根系的抗拉强度并未因不同地区的种植产生显著差异。4个植物种根系的固土效率为0.65~4.12 kPa,各物种间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。重庆2种乔木种植下的根土复合体有效黏聚力高于裸地(约10%),灌木种植下则普遍略低于裸地。除酸枣外,种植于重庆的4种植物的根系固土作用和效率都显著的高于延安(P<0.05)。研究结果可为不同地区固土护坡的树种选择提供理论依据。 展开更多
关键词 土壤 根系 植物 抗拉特性 抗剪强度 综合固土能力
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洞庭湖湿地短尖薹草(Carex brevicuspis)种群克隆生长对泥沙淤积的适应
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作者 潘柏含 邹雅 +7 位作者 邓正苗 谢永宏 侯志勇 李旭 曾静 吴滔 谢洪涛 黎慧娟 《湖泊科学》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第5期1470-1478,I0015,共10页
泥沙淤积是影响湿地植物生存和生长的重要因素。克隆植物是湿地生态系统的主要植物类型之一。在自然水文条件下,湿地克隆植物种群对不同淤积速率的响应研究相对较少。本研究以洞庭湖湿地优势克隆植物短尖薹草(Carex brevicuspis)为对象... 泥沙淤积是影响湿地植物生存和生长的重要因素。克隆植物是湿地生态系统的主要植物类型之一。在自然水文条件下,湿地克隆植物种群对不同淤积速率的响应研究相对较少。本研究以洞庭湖湿地优势克隆植物短尖薹草(Carex brevicuspis)为对象,通过连续3年的野外控制实验,研究了不同淤积速率(0、2、4、6 cm/a,分别对应对照组,低、中和高淤积速率组)对湿地克隆植物种群的影响。结果表明:淤积速率对短尖薹草的种群密度影响显著,淤积处理的密度显著低于对照处理。随着淤积速率的增加,密度下降,地下/地上生物量比增加,高淤积速率下种群的密度最低,地下/地上生物量比最高。与对照处理相比,泥沙淤积促进了更多的短根(<10 cm)、长根茎(≥1 cm)和游击型克隆分株的形成,长根茎的长度随淤积速率的增加而增加。高淤积速率下的长根茎数量较低,但其根长最长,表明其克隆生长策略由密集型向游击型转变。由此可见,短尖薹草种群可通过对密度、生物量分配、根系长度和克隆生长策略的调节,有效地应对不同泥沙淤积速率的影响。 展开更多
关键词 淤积速率 湿地植物 种群特征 根系 克隆生长
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免炼山免挖穴简力定植对桉树人工林根系和生长的影响
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作者 邓善宝 梁天合 +5 位作者 梁雪雨 王政烨 陈利军 曹继钊 吴立潮 朱原立 《桉树科技》 2024年第2期65-70,共6页
传统的炼山、大穴造林方式易引桉树人工林起水土流失、地力下降等一系列问题,免炼山、免挖穴、简力定植可能是解决上述问题的重要手段。文章以尾巨桉为研究对象,布置了桉树免炼山、免挖穴、简力定植方式并以大穴造林为对照,探讨两种方... 传统的炼山、大穴造林方式易引桉树人工林起水土流失、地力下降等一系列问题,免炼山、免挖穴、简力定植可能是解决上述问题的重要手段。文章以尾巨桉为研究对象,布置了桉树免炼山、免挖穴、简力定植方式并以大穴造林为对照,探讨两种方式对桉树人工林根系与蓄积量的影响。结果表明:造林5年后两种造林方式桉树人工林的根系主要分布范围在土层0~70 cm且根系数量多分布于土层20~50 cm,两种造林方式间差异不显著。造林后前2年,简力定植区的桉树胸径、树高与蓄积量略低于对照区但差异不显著;造林3年后逐渐反超,至第五年简力定植区桉树胸径、树高、蓄积量相较于对照区分别增长4.90%、5.13%、15.00%。简力定植造林未对林木蓄积量产生不良影响,反而提高了林木的生长量,对解决桉树人工林地力下降等问题具有较好的效果。 展开更多
关键词 桉树人工林 免炼山 简力定植 根系分布 蓄积量
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基于TRU系统的深圳城市绿地优势观花树种根系空间分布特征
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作者 孙延军 来雨晴 +5 位作者 张炎晶 战国强 邓星 陈晓熹 郭微 蓝伟根 《林业与环境科学》 2024年第5期78-87,共10页
为促进城市绿地优势观花树种健康管理,以深圳城市绿地优势观花树种为研究对象,采用树木雷达系统(Tree radar unit,TRU)检测方法,对火焰木Spathodea campanulata、凤凰木Delonix regia、美丽异木棉Ceiba speciosa、黄花风铃木Handroanthu... 为促进城市绿地优势观花树种健康管理,以深圳城市绿地优势观花树种为研究对象,采用树木雷达系统(Tree radar unit,TRU)检测方法,对火焰木Spathodea campanulata、凤凰木Delonix regia、美丽异木棉Ceiba speciosa、黄花风铃木Handroanthus chrysanthus进行根系检测,探寻不同树种、不同立地下根系分布特征。结果表明,(1)整体而言,根系水平分布的特征为距离树干越远,根系密度越小。不同树种水平根系分布密度存在显著差异(P<0.05)。(2)垂直方向根系分布以20~40 cm土层密度最高,而0~20 cm、40~60 cm土层范围根密度较小,绝大多数根系分布在0~60 cm范围土层中。(3)不同树种总体垂直分布密度差异显著(P<0.05),随土层深度增加呈先增加后减小规律,通常于20~40 cm土层范围内达到峰值。(4)道路立地与硬质铺装环境根系相比于草坪绿地具有更明显的胁迫响应,根系为应对胁迫普遍采取侧重于分支生长的策略,具体表现为道路立地与硬质铺装环境下相同树种水平与垂直根系密度远高于草坪绿地,且在表层土壤根系形成聚集效应,表层土壤范围内根系含量相比草坪绿地显著增加(P<0.05)。总体根系密度呈道路立地>硬质铺装>草坪绿地。(5)在城市硬质环境胁迫下,各树种根系横向扩张能力呈凤凰木>火焰木>美丽异木棉>黄花风铃木。为了改善城市绿地树木的根系发育,建议采用土壤改良、生根剂施用、新型基质换填和菌根形成诱导等方法,并结合引根管、隔根挡板、树池和绿化带的工程技术改造,以促进根系健康发展。 展开更多
关键词 开花乔木 植物根系 土壤环境 空间分布 城市绿地
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植物根系对赣南矿山边坡的稳定性影响
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作者 王秋炎 易红仔 《环境科学导刊》 2024年第2期11-16,共6页
利用Midas SoilWorks有限元软件,对矿山边坡生态修复工程种植的狗牙根(Cynodondactylon(L.)Pers.)、花木蓝(Indigofera kirilowii Maxim.exPalib.)和榆树(Ulmus pumila L.)的根系,在自然条件和暴雨条件下对矿山边坡的安全稳定性影响进... 利用Midas SoilWorks有限元软件,对矿山边坡生态修复工程种植的狗牙根(Cynodondactylon(L.)Pers.)、花木蓝(Indigofera kirilowii Maxim.exPalib.)和榆树(Ulmus pumila L.)的根系,在自然条件和暴雨条件下对矿山边坡的安全稳定性影响进行了研究。结果表明,3种植物根系在各条件下对矿山边坡的安全稳定性都有不同程度的提高。植物根系对矿山边坡稳定性的影响程度与根系的数量及根系对边坡土体的作用范围有密切关系,深浅根系的组合效果最佳。但随着植物根系的深入,边坡安全稳定性系数提高,坡面的水平位移量也会随之增大,所以在实际的矿山边坡修复设计中,应结合安全稳定性系数、应力和变形等综合分析验证坡体的可靠性,选取最佳设计方案。 展开更多
关键词 矿山边坡 有限元法 安全稳定性 植物根系
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草甘膦、草铵膦喷施对槟榔根系形态及生理的影响
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作者 杨国斌 陈才志 +3 位作者 温欣宇 陈晖 甘霆 杨福孙 《中国南方果树》 北大核心 2024年第1期74-82,共9页
除草剂防除杂草的同时会对非靶标作物造成一定危害,频繁使用除草剂的海南槟榔园叶片黄化症状更明显,我们推测除草剂可能导致槟榔根系退化,从而引起叶片黄化。为验证这一推断,以幼龄期与成龄期槟榔为试验材料,施用不同浓度草甘膦和草铵膦... 除草剂防除杂草的同时会对非靶标作物造成一定危害,频繁使用除草剂的海南槟榔园叶片黄化症状更明显,我们推测除草剂可能导致槟榔根系退化,从而引起叶片黄化。为验证这一推断,以幼龄期与成龄期槟榔为试验材料,施用不同浓度草甘膦和草铵膦后,测定分析槟榔根系生长发育形态指标、根系活力、气生根组织结构、不同类型根系占比等。结果表明,幼龄期槟榔根系以直径0~1.5 mm根系为主,数量占总根的88%以上,表面积占总根的63%以上。与人工除草、对照(不除草)相比,喷施草甘膦和草铵膦显著降低槟榔幼苗根系鲜干质量、白色吸收根比例、吸收根活力。对于成龄期槟榔气生根,喷施草甘膦和草铵膦均引起气生根药剂残留,且农残量随施用浓度增加而增加,并阻碍槟榔气生根发育;草甘膦处理后14 d气生根死亡数达到最大,草铵膦处理后28 d达到最大。草铵膦损害气生根组织结构,使新根内皮层排列稀疏,表皮组织厚度增加,木栓化程度加深,导致根表皮细胞大量死亡,抑制气生根伸长与增粗。说明喷施草甘膦和草铵膦会导致槟榔根系木栓化,加速根系死亡,从而抑制其根系生长与发育,引起槟榔园叶片黄化。 展开更多
关键词 草甘膦 草铵膦 槟榔 根系 干鲜质量 气生根 木栓化
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典型城市行道树立地环境改造对植物长势及根系的影响研究
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作者 肖珍泉 崔诚 +3 位作者 刘欣 冼卓慧 梁春梅 张俊涛 《林业与环境科学》 2024年第2期92-100,共9页
为研究典型城市行道树立地环境改造对植物长势及根系的影响,以广州市南沙区柳园路行道树秋枫Bischofia javanica为研究对象,采用透气铺装、绿带种植对其立地环境进行改造。结果表明,采了透气铺装、绿带种植改造的秋枫地上部分长势得到改... 为研究典型城市行道树立地环境改造对植物长势及根系的影响,以广州市南沙区柳园路行道树秋枫Bischofia javanica为研究对象,采用透气铺装、绿带种植对其立地环境进行改造。结果表明,采了透气铺装、绿带种植改造的秋枫地上部分长势得到改善,其中透气铺装改造对秋枫株高提升较明显,空白对照组株高差异最高达1.56 m,绿带种植改造对秋枫胸围提升较明显,和空白对照组差异最高达6.02 cm,绿带种植改造对东西冠幅、南北冠幅提升效果均优于透气铺装改造,和空白对照差异最高达5.33,5.14 m。在垂直方向上,透气铺装、绿带种植改造后秋枫的根系密度随着土壤深度的增加而增加,透气铺装改造在0~20 cm和>41 cm的土层深度中对秋枫根系密度影响较大,在20~41 cm土层深度中对秋枫根系密度影响较弱,而绿带种植在各个深度中对秋枫根系密度均有提升。在水平方向上,不同立地环境改造方式根系密度分布也不同,其中透气铺装改造秋分根系密度随着扫描半径的增大呈现“W”形态的趋势,根系集中分布在距离主干1.0,2.0 m处。绿带种植改造秋枫根系密度随着扫描半径的增大呈降低趋势,其中在距离主干0.5 m处根系密度最大为8.53 N/m。经过立地环境改造后,秋枫行道树根系密度和胸围呈显著正相关;行道树根系密度和株高呈正相关,但不显著;行道树根系密度和平均冠幅呈显著正相关。典型城市行道树立地环境改造对秋枫地上部分、地下部分长势促进效果明显,针对城市行道树立地环境差、根系生长空间不足、长势衰弱等情况,可优先采用行道树树穴改造的方法改善植物长势及其根系状况。 展开更多
关键词 行道树 立地环境改造 长势 根系 秋枫
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复酶糖苷对黄瓜生根及产量的影响
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作者 张在花 孙明明 +2 位作者 丁玮琳 王琳 常大勇 《蔬菜》 2024年第1期18-22,共5页
为了研究复酶糖苷对黄瓜生根及产量的影响,采用海阳黄瓜为试验材料,设置5个浓度梯度(1、5、10、20、50 mg/kg)的复酶糖苷,研究其对黄瓜生根及产量的影响;同时还研究了不同植物调节剂(复酶糖苷、胺鲜酯、丁双酯、增效胺)对黄瓜根系生长... 为了研究复酶糖苷对黄瓜生根及产量的影响,采用海阳黄瓜为试验材料,设置5个浓度梯度(1、5、10、20、50 mg/kg)的复酶糖苷,研究其对黄瓜生根及产量的影响;同时还研究了不同植物调节剂(复酶糖苷、胺鲜酯、丁双酯、增效胺)对黄瓜根系生长、黄瓜鲜质量、株高及产量的影响。结果表明:当复酶糖苷施用浓度为5 mg/kg时,对黄瓜根系具有显著促进作用,黄瓜总根长、根表面积、根平均直径、根分枝数和根尖数均显著大于对照,且随着复酶糖苷浓度的增加其促进作用越明显。与其他植物调节剂及对照相比,复酶糖苷可显著提高根系活力、根鲜质量、株高及折合667 m^(2)产量,并促进了黄瓜总根长和根表面积的生长。综合得出,10 mg/kg复酶糖苷适宜于黄瓜播种后冲施。 展开更多
关键词 复酶糖苷 黄瓜 根系 株高 产量
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Evaluation of Cytogenetic Effects of Isoproturon on the Root Meristem Cells of Allium sativum 被引量:3
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作者 L. K. S. CHAUHAN, P. N. SAXENA, AND S. K. GUPTA1Cell Biology Section, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, P. B. No. 80, M. G. Marg, Lucknow- 226001, India\ \ 《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2001年第3期214-219,共6页
Objective\ To validate the use of Allium sativum as a reliable test model for genotoxicity, isoproturon, a substituted phenylalkylurea herbicide, was evaluated on the root meristem cells by this plant system. M... Objective\ To validate the use of Allium sativum as a reliable test model for genotoxicity, isoproturon, a substituted phenylalkylurea herbicide, was evaluated on the root meristem cells by this plant system. Method\ Test concentrations were selected by determining EC50 and root tips were exposed to various concentrations for 6 or 24 hr. EC50 concentration was calculated to be 70.8 ppm for the root growth. In addition to root growth retardation exposure to isoproturon induced morpholoogical changes like discolouration and stiffness of roots. Results\ Exposure to various experimental concentrations of isoproturon (35-280 ppm), including EC50, significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the mitotic index and induced chromosome breaks/mitotic aberrations at 6 or 24 hr. Conclusion\ The frequency of aberrations was found to be decreased in a dose dependant manner at 24 or 48 hr post exposure, however in comparison of control cells the frequency of aberrations was considerably high which indicates genotoxicity potentials of isoproturon. Further, present study also suggests that Allium sativum is a sensitive, efficient, and reliable test system for measuring the genotoxicity potential of environmental chemicals. 展开更多
关键词 Phenylurea Compounds Chromosome Aberrations DNA Damage Dose-Response Relationship Drug GARLIC HERBICIDES Lethal Dose 50 Methylurea Compounds MITOSIS Mutagenicity Tests plant roots Sensitivity and Specificity
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Positive Effects of Biochar on the Degraded Forest Soil and Tree Growth in China:A Systematic Review 被引量:1
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作者 Jingkang Zhang Shiyuan Zhang +2 位作者 Changhao Niu Jiang Jiang Haijun Sun 《Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany》 SCIE 2022年第8期1601-1616,共16页
Soil degradation threatens the forest sustainable productivity,particularly in afforestation system.Biochar derived from agroforestry waste or biomass can potentially improve the degraded forest soil and promote the t... Soil degradation threatens the forest sustainable productivity,particularly in afforestation system.Biochar derived from agroforestry waste or biomass can potentially improve the degraded forest soil and promote the tree growth.To expand the application of biochar for forestry productivity improvement,we here reviewed the effects and the underlying mechanisms of biochar on the degraded forest soil and tree growth.Totally 96 studies that conducted from pot to field investigations in China were summarized.The result suggested that biochar generally exerted positive effects on restoration of degraded forest soil such as that with compaction,acidification or soil erosion,which are mainly manifested by improving soil porosity,increasing pH,enhancing erosion resistance and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.Furthermore,biochar incorporation promoted the growth of tested trees in most cases,which effect was mainly attributing to directly supplying nutrients,improving soil physio-chemical properties,enhancing the root’s nutrient absorption capacity,and enlarging the living space.In summary,current studies demonstrate that biochar has a unique potential for improving degraded forest soils and promoting tree growth.However,investigations on the underlying mechanisms and the long-term effects should be strengthened. 展开更多
关键词 BIOCHAR plant root soil fertility soil conservation tree plantation
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重庆四面山不同作物农田土壤根系分布与水分入渗特征 被引量:1
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作者 张洪江 付晓 +2 位作者 马思文 程金花 管凝 《中国水土保持科学》 CSCD 北大核心 2023年第3期137-144,共8页
研究重庆四面山地区根系分布对农田土壤水分入渗的影响,对当地的农田植被管理具有重要意义。选取玉米地、茄子地和南瓜地3种典型农田,通过野外双环入渗实验测定土壤的水分入渗量和入渗率,并分层采集土壤中的植物根系,计算植物根系特征指... 研究重庆四面山地区根系分布对农田土壤水分入渗的影响,对当地的农田植被管理具有重要意义。选取玉米地、茄子地和南瓜地3种典型农田,通过野外双环入渗实验测定土壤的水分入渗量和入渗率,并分层采集土壤中的植物根系,计算植物根系特征指标,采用灰色关联度分析土壤根系与水分入渗的关系。结果表明:1)玉米地、茄子地和南瓜地的初始入渗速率分别为258、213和285 mm/h,平均入渗速率分别为154.99、136.84和203.07 mm/h。南瓜地的水分入渗量和入渗率相对最大,茄子地相对最小;2)3种农田的根系主要为直径3 mm以下的细根,粗根数量较少,各径级根长密度、根质量密度和根孔数量的最大值均出现在0~20 cm土壤处,深层土壤的根系含量较少;3)土壤中的植物根系对水分入渗有着一定影响,各根系特征指标与各土壤水分入渗指标的灰色关联值均大于0.6,细根对入渗的影响大于粗根。根系与外部供水在土壤中的运动息息相关,在农田管理中,作物根系是不可忽略的影响因素。 展开更多
关键词 农田 植物根系 水分入渗 重庆四面山
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增密种植条件下苗期深松与氮肥侧深施对玉米根系生长与氮效率的影响 被引量:9
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作者 姜佰文 于士源 +6 位作者 杨贺淇 邵慧 刘丽红 刘俊辉 梁源 迟海航 刘国辉 《东北农业大学学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2023年第6期1-9,19,共10页
增加种植密度是实现玉米增产重要途径。高种植密度抑制玉米根系生长,改变根系构型,限制玉米养分吸收。如何改善根系生长,是增密增产增效的关键科学问题。以耐密玉米品种垦沃1号为材料,采用裂区试验,主区为种植密度,分别为6万株·hm^... 增加种植密度是实现玉米增产重要途径。高种植密度抑制玉米根系生长,改变根系构型,限制玉米养分吸收。如何改善根系生长,是增密增产增效的关键科学问题。以耐密玉米品种垦沃1号为材料,采用裂区试验,主区为种植密度,分别为6万株·hm^(-2)(D6)、8万株·hm^(-2)(D8);副区为氮肥施用方式:氮肥作为基肥一次性施用,记作N1T1;氮肥作为基肥+追肥分次施用,其中追肥采用“侧深松+侧深施氮肥”组合处理,利用深松施肥机同步进行,记作N2T2;以农户常规处理作为对照(CK),即氮肥一次性施用,苗期不深松。结果表明,与CK处理相比,吐丝期D8N2T1处理下单株根长、根生物量、根系表面积、比根长、节根数增幅分别达11.4%、22.0%、11.2%、13.1%、10.9%;0~60 cm土壤深度根长提高11.3%~44.6%;D8N2T1处理下,群体氮积累量增加71.1%,营养器官氮素转运效率提高51.6%,氮肥偏生产力提高102.4%,氮肥农学效率提高143.1%;D8N2T1处理下,产量达17.1 t·hm^(-2),增幅达50.6%,显著高于农户常规处理。综上,增密种植配合苗期深松与氮肥侧深施组合技术,可有效改善根系生长,促进植株氮素吸收,提高植株营养器官氮转运效率,实现增产与氮肥增效。 展开更多
关键词 增密种植 苗期深松 氮肥侧深施 根系 氮效率 玉米
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