Although accelerated urbanization has led to economic prosperity,it has also resulted in urban heat island effects.Therefore,identifying methods of using limited urban spaces to alleviate heat islands has become an ur...Although accelerated urbanization has led to economic prosperity,it has also resulted in urban heat island effects.Therefore,identifying methods of using limited urban spaces to alleviate heat islands has become an urgent issue.In this study,we assessed the spatiotemporal evolution of urban heat islands within the central urban area of Fuzhou City,China from 2010 to 2019.This assessment was based on a morphological spatial pattern analysis(MSPA)model and an urban thermal environment spatial network constructed us-ing the minimum cumulative resistance(MCR)model.Optimization measures for the spatial network were proposed to provide a theor-etical basis for alleviating urban heat islands.The results show that the heat island area within the study area gradually increased while that of urban cold island area gradually decreased.The core area was the largest of the urban heat island patch landscape elements with a significant impact on other landscape elements,and represented an important factor underlying urban heat island network stability.The thermal environment network revealed a total of 197 thermal environment corridors and 93 heat island sources.These locations were then optimized according to the current land use,which maximized the potential of 1599.83 ha.Optimization based on current land use led to an increase in climate resilience,with effective measures showing reduction in thermal environment spatial network structure and function,contributing to the mitigation of urban heat island.These findings support the use of current land use patterns during urban heat island mitigation measure planning,thus providing an important reference basis for alleviating urban heat island effects.展开更多
Through the analysis of the overall landscape,revetments and roads and plant landscape,10 evaluation factors were determined.The comprehensive evaluation model for the campus space of Anhui Xinhua University was const...Through the analysis of the overall landscape,revetments and roads and plant landscape,10 evaluation factors were determined.The comprehensive evaluation model for the campus space of Anhui Xinhua University was constructed by analytic hierarchy process(AHP).The results showed that revetment safety,road convenience,plant disease resistance and campus activity space were important factors affecting the spatial form planning of campus.Through the comparative analysis of the collected data,optimization suggestions were put forward to provide a basis for the establishment of“people-oriented”campus open space system.展开更多
POE （post-occupancy evaluation） of buildings is one of the most important mechanisms which ensures that ceremonial and public building performance including its facilities is sustained. POE studies concerned with ef...POE （post-occupancy evaluation） of buildings is one of the most important mechanisms which ensures that ceremonial and public building performance including its facilities is sustained. POE studies concerned with efficiency of building performance after using and implementing with the end-user. It provides feedback on the current status of the building and proposes solutions to existing problems in addition to guidelines and design criteria for the best solutions in the future. Despite precedent research which have been undertaken in the context of building performance, aspects of evaluating building performance have not been specified and used widely in Jordan. At the commencement of this research, the concept of POE is still new in Jordan, and the local building practitioners are still unfamiliar with this approach for the evaluation of a building performance in Amman. Accordingly, there is a need to undertake this kind of research in Jordan to identify the main guidelines of POE to be applied effectively in ceremonial and public buildings. This study therefore applies POE of indoor environment of the public buildings by exploring the guidelines that can constitute a successful and effective framework for the public buildings in Amman. This was achieved using the learnt lessons from Amman City Hall building which was used as a case study and reflecting them on these where needed. Analytical and descriptive approach basis was applied, adopting a mixed method approach （qualitative and quantitative method） by using observation tool and a questionnaire survey with occupants. Context-derived data and statistics analyzed together were used to explore the guidelines of POE to be applied effectively in public buildings. A field visit and observation tool was adopted for gathering information leading to the findings and recommendations. A questionnaire was also used to extrapolate core findings of this research. This research provides a significant contribution of POE result towards improving indoor environment to ceremonial and public buildings in Jordan.展开更多
This paper deals with the post-occupancy performance evaluation of the SFL （School of Foreign Languages） that was designed by the authors and is located within the YTU （Yildiz Technical University） Davutpaa campus...This paper deals with the post-occupancy performance evaluation of the SFL （School of Foreign Languages） that was designed by the authors and is located within the YTU （Yildiz Technical University） Davutpaa campus in Istanbul. After the completion and occupation of the building, project review came into question and a POE was performed. Post-occupancy performance evaluation tries to answer the questions of space provision for social interaction： ＂How is this building working？＂ ＂Is it intended？＂ ＂How can it be improved？＂ and ＂How can future buildings be improved？＂ Answers to these vital questions are searched under four main sections. In the first section, the study discusses the physical location and functional properties of the building, in the second, the design decisions of the building are discussed in the context of and design principles, in the third, the method of performance evaluation is explained, and in the final section, the results are analyzed and discussed. These results will lead to a path to improve the quality of the building.展开更多
This exploratory research aims to evaluate indoor environmental quality in the classrooms of three school buildings in Southern Manitoba,Canada,and to evaluate the well-being of these schools’teachers as it pertains ...This exploratory research aims to evaluate indoor environmental quality in the classrooms of three school buildings in Southern Manitoba,Canada,and to evaluate the well-being of these schools’teachers as it pertains to their perception of their classrooms’indoor environment.The schools include a middle-aged,conventional school;a new,non-green school;and a new,green school certified using the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design rating system.The methodology involved using a mobile instrument cart to conduct snapshot measurements of thermal comfort,indoor air quality,lighting and acoustics in classrooms and an occupant survey to evaluate teachers’long-term satisfaction with their classrooms’indoor environmental quality.The results showed that the new,green and new,non-green schools’classrooms performed better than the conventional,middle-aged school’s classrooms with respect to some aspects of thermal comfort and indoor air quality only.Teachers in the new,green school and in the new,non-green school were more satisfied than teachers in the conventional,middle-aged school with their classrooms’overall indoor environmental quality,lighting quality and indoor air quality.Surprisingly,the new,green and new-non green school classrooms’performance were very comparable with the new,green school’s classrooms performing statistically significantly better with respect to relative humidity.Similarly,none of the differences in teachers’satisfaction ratings between the new,green and new,non-green school were statistically significant.展开更多
Building performance evaluations(BPEs)were carried out for nine Canadian green buildings using a standardised assessment framework.The aim was to explore and measure the discrepancies between the operational performan...Building performance evaluations(BPEs)were carried out for nine Canadian green buildings using a standardised assessment framework.The aim was to explore and measure the discrepancies between the operational performance of the buildings and their predicted performance,as well as to identify lessons for their owners,design teams and the construction industry.The objective of this paper is not to report individual buildings in detail(we refer the reader to the individual building reports)but to report on some general lessons that came from doing this study.Overall these buildings performed well compared to benchmarks.However,the findings suggest that occupancy is not well understood and often incorrectly predicted during design,and that this affects various aspects of performance,including energy and water use.Also energy and water use modelling is often undertaken principally for building code/green rating compliance purposes and does not necessarily represent an accurate prediction of likely operational use.Combined with variations in occupancy this can lead to considerable discrepancies in performance from the modelled values.This may be understood by experts but is often misleading to building owners and others.Water use is often not well predicted and also not carefully managed in buildings and there is a lack of understanding of what constitutes good water performance.Overall,it is important to recognise that each building has its own individual“story”that provides necessary context for effective management and improvement of the building during its ongoing life.It is proposed that a BPE process allows that context to be better understood,and enables more effective decision making about building management,improvements,occupant satisfaction,energy use,etc.展开更多
Analysis of a disaster event can identify strengths and weaknesses of the response implemented by the disaster management system;however, analysis does not typically occur until after the response phase is over.The re...Analysis of a disaster event can identify strengths and weaknesses of the response implemented by the disaster management system;however, analysis does not typically occur until after the response phase is over.The result is that knowledge gained can only benefit future responses rather than the response under investigation. This article argues that there is an opportunity to conduct analysis while the response is operational due to the increasing availability of information within hours and days of a disaster event. Hence, this article introduces a methodology for analyzing publicly communicated disaster response information in near-real-time. A classification scheme for the disaster information needs of the public has been developed to facilitate analysis and has led to the establishment of best observed practice standards for content and timeliness. By comparing the information shared with the public within days of a disaster to these standards,information gaps are revealed that can be investigated further. The result is identification of potential deficiencies in communicating critical disaster response information to the public at a time when they can still be corrected.展开更多
The nZEB objectives have raised the standard of building performance and changed the way in which buildings are designed and used.Although energy dynamic simulation tools are potentially the most suitable way for accu...The nZEB objectives have raised the standard of building performance and changed the way in which buildings are designed and used.Although energy dynamic simulation tools are potentially the most suitable way for accurately evaluating and forecasting the thermal performance,they need several data inputs and user’s knowledge that can affect the reliability of the results.It is precisely these two aspects that proved to be particularly critical,since the reliability of the ICT calculation tools has been widely proven in recent time.However,in order to foster credibility in sustainable architecture,bridging the gap between predicted and measured performance is pivotal to boost the building market towards energy efficiency and provide reliable data to inhabitant,investors and policy maker.The present research aims to identify and quantify the main factors that affect the energy performance gap through a detailed energy analysis carried out on a case study,which can be considered one of the first nearly zero energy residential complex built in Italy.Based on the analysis,the study identifies the main causes of the deviation between the calculated and measured data and demonstrates how it is possible to achieve very reliable models and,therefore,real buildings.Although the procedure traces a classic model calibration scheme,actually it consists of a verification of possible downstream errors mainly due to human factors,such as the provision of incorrect technical data or inappropriate operation.Some observations on the technical,management and regulatory gaps that may generate these errors are reported at the end of the study,together with practical suggestions that can provide effective solutions.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of Special Funds for Education and Scientific Research of the Department of Finance(Min Cai Zhi[2022]No.840)Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Technology and Resource Optimization Construction Project(No.PTJH17014)。
文摘Although accelerated urbanization has led to economic prosperity,it has also resulted in urban heat island effects.Therefore,identifying methods of using limited urban spaces to alleviate heat islands has become an urgent issue.In this study,we assessed the spatiotemporal evolution of urban heat islands within the central urban area of Fuzhou City,China from 2010 to 2019.This assessment was based on a morphological spatial pattern analysis(MSPA)model and an urban thermal environment spatial network constructed us-ing the minimum cumulative resistance(MCR)model.Optimization measures for the spatial network were proposed to provide a theor-etical basis for alleviating urban heat islands.The results show that the heat island area within the study area gradually increased while that of urban cold island area gradually decreased.The core area was the largest of the urban heat island patch landscape elements with a significant impact on other landscape elements,and represented an important factor underlying urban heat island network stability.The thermal environment network revealed a total of 197 thermal environment corridors and 93 heat island sources.These locations were then optimized according to the current land use,which maximized the potential of 1599.83 ha.Optimization based on current land use led to an increase in climate resilience,with effective measures showing reduction in thermal environment spatial network structure and function,contributing to the mitigation of urban heat island.These findings support the use of current land use patterns during urban heat island mitigation measure planning,thus providing an important reference basis for alleviating urban heat island effects.
基金by National Undergraduate Innovation Training Program of Anhui Xinhua University in 2022(202212216012)Provincial Undergraduate Innovation Training Program of Anhui Xinhua University in 2021(AH202112216119)+1 种基金Key Research Project of Natural Science in Colleges and Universities of Anhui Province(2023AH051816)General Teaching Research Project of Anhui Province(2022jyxm665).
文摘Through the analysis of the overall landscape,revetments and roads and plant landscape,10 evaluation factors were determined.The comprehensive evaluation model for the campus space of Anhui Xinhua University was constructed by analytic hierarchy process(AHP).The results showed that revetment safety,road convenience,plant disease resistance and campus activity space were important factors affecting the spatial form planning of campus.Through the comparative analysis of the collected data,optimization suggestions were put forward to provide a basis for the establishment of“people-oriented”campus open space system.
文摘POE （post-occupancy evaluation） of buildings is one of the most important mechanisms which ensures that ceremonial and public building performance including its facilities is sustained. POE studies concerned with efficiency of building performance after using and implementing with the end-user. It provides feedback on the current status of the building and proposes solutions to existing problems in addition to guidelines and design criteria for the best solutions in the future. Despite precedent research which have been undertaken in the context of building performance, aspects of evaluating building performance have not been specified and used widely in Jordan. At the commencement of this research, the concept of POE is still new in Jordan, and the local building practitioners are still unfamiliar with this approach for the evaluation of a building performance in Amman. Accordingly, there is a need to undertake this kind of research in Jordan to identify the main guidelines of POE to be applied effectively in ceremonial and public buildings. This study therefore applies POE of indoor environment of the public buildings by exploring the guidelines that can constitute a successful and effective framework for the public buildings in Amman. This was achieved using the learnt lessons from Amman City Hall building which was used as a case study and reflecting them on these where needed. Analytical and descriptive approach basis was applied, adopting a mixed method approach （qualitative and quantitative method） by using observation tool and a questionnaire survey with occupants. Context-derived data and statistics analyzed together were used to explore the guidelines of POE to be applied effectively in public buildings. A field visit and observation tool was adopted for gathering information leading to the findings and recommendations. A questionnaire was also used to extrapolate core findings of this research. This research provides a significant contribution of POE result towards improving indoor environment to ceremonial and public buildings in Jordan.
文摘This paper deals with the post-occupancy performance evaluation of the SFL （School of Foreign Languages） that was designed by the authors and is located within the YTU （Yildiz Technical University） Davutpaa campus in Istanbul. After the completion and occupation of the building, project review came into question and a POE was performed. Post-occupancy performance evaluation tries to answer the questions of space provision for social interaction： ＂How is this building working？＂ ＂Is it intended？＂ ＂How can it be improved？＂ and ＂How can future buildings be improved？＂ Answers to these vital questions are searched under four main sections. In the first section, the study discusses the physical location and functional properties of the building, in the second, the design decisions of the building are discussed in the context of and design principles, in the third, the method of performance evaluation is explained, and in the final section, the results are analyzed and discussed. These results will lead to a path to improve the quality of the building.
文摘This exploratory research aims to evaluate indoor environmental quality in the classrooms of three school buildings in Southern Manitoba,Canada,and to evaluate the well-being of these schools’teachers as it pertains to their perception of their classrooms’indoor environment.The schools include a middle-aged,conventional school;a new,non-green school;and a new,green school certified using the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design rating system.The methodology involved using a mobile instrument cart to conduct snapshot measurements of thermal comfort,indoor air quality,lighting and acoustics in classrooms and an occupant survey to evaluate teachers’long-term satisfaction with their classrooms’indoor environmental quality.The results showed that the new,green and new,non-green schools’classrooms performed better than the conventional,middle-aged school’s classrooms with respect to some aspects of thermal comfort and indoor air quality only.Teachers in the new,green school and in the new,non-green school were more satisfied than teachers in the conventional,middle-aged school with their classrooms’overall indoor environmental quality,lighting quality and indoor air quality.Surprisingly,the new,green and new-non green school classrooms’performance were very comparable with the new,green school’s classrooms performing statistically significantly better with respect to relative humidity.Similarly,none of the differences in teachers’satisfaction ratings between the new,green and new,non-green school were statistically significant.
文摘Building performance evaluations(BPEs)were carried out for nine Canadian green buildings using a standardised assessment framework.The aim was to explore and measure the discrepancies between the operational performance of the buildings and their predicted performance,as well as to identify lessons for their owners,design teams and the construction industry.The objective of this paper is not to report individual buildings in detail(we refer the reader to the individual building reports)but to report on some general lessons that came from doing this study.Overall these buildings performed well compared to benchmarks.However,the findings suggest that occupancy is not well understood and often incorrectly predicted during design,and that this affects various aspects of performance,including energy and water use.Also energy and water use modelling is often undertaken principally for building code/green rating compliance purposes and does not necessarily represent an accurate prediction of likely operational use.Combined with variations in occupancy this can lead to considerable discrepancies in performance from the modelled values.This may be understood by experts but is often misleading to building owners and others.Water use is often not well predicted and also not carefully managed in buildings and there is a lack of understanding of what constitutes good water performance.Overall,it is important to recognise that each building has its own individual“story”that provides necessary context for effective management and improvement of the building during its ongoing life.It is proposed that a BPE process allows that context to be better understood,and enables more effective decision making about building management,improvements,occupant satisfaction,energy use,etc.
文摘Analysis of a disaster event can identify strengths and weaknesses of the response implemented by the disaster management system;however, analysis does not typically occur until after the response phase is over.The result is that knowledge gained can only benefit future responses rather than the response under investigation. This article argues that there is an opportunity to conduct analysis while the response is operational due to the increasing availability of information within hours and days of a disaster event. Hence, this article introduces a methodology for analyzing publicly communicated disaster response information in near-real-time. A classification scheme for the disaster information needs of the public has been developed to facilitate analysis and has led to the establishment of best observed practice standards for content and timeliness. By comparing the information shared with the public within days of a disaster to these standards,information gaps are revealed that can be investigated further. The result is identification of potential deficiencies in communicating critical disaster response information to the public at a time when they can still be corrected.
文摘The nZEB objectives have raised the standard of building performance and changed the way in which buildings are designed and used.Although energy dynamic simulation tools are potentially the most suitable way for accurately evaluating and forecasting the thermal performance,they need several data inputs and user’s knowledge that can affect the reliability of the results.It is precisely these two aspects that proved to be particularly critical,since the reliability of the ICT calculation tools has been widely proven in recent time.However,in order to foster credibility in sustainable architecture,bridging the gap between predicted and measured performance is pivotal to boost the building market towards energy efficiency and provide reliable data to inhabitant,investors and policy maker.The present research aims to identify and quantify the main factors that affect the energy performance gap through a detailed energy analysis carried out on a case study,which can be considered one of the first nearly zero energy residential complex built in Italy.Based on the analysis,the study identifies the main causes of the deviation between the calculated and measured data and demonstrates how it is possible to achieve very reliable models and,therefore,real buildings.Although the procedure traces a classic model calibration scheme,actually it consists of a verification of possible downstream errors mainly due to human factors,such as the provision of incorrect technical data or inappropriate operation.Some observations on the technical,management and regulatory gaps that may generate these errors are reported at the end of the study,together with practical suggestions that can provide effective solutions.
