This study addresses the comparative carbon emissions of different transportation modes within a unified evaluation framework,focusing on their carbon footprints from inception to disposal.Specifically,the entire life...This study addresses the comparative carbon emissions of different transportation modes within a unified evaluation framework,focusing on their carbon footprints from inception to disposal.Specifically,the entire life cycle carbon emissions of High-Speed Rail(HSR),battery electric vehicles,conventional internal combustion engine vehicles,battery electric buses,and conventional internal combustion engine buses are analyzed.The life cycle is segmented into vehicle manufacturing,fuel or electricity production,operational,and dismantlingrecycling stages.This analysis is applied to the Beijing-Tianjin intercity transportation system to explore emission reduction strategies.Results indicate that HSR demonstrates significant carbon emission reduction,with an intensity of only 24%-32% compared to private vehicles and 47%-89% compared to buses.Notably,HSR travel for Beijing-Tianjin intercity emits only 24% of private vehicle emissions,demonstrating the emission reduction benefits of transportation structure optimization.Additionally,predictive modeling reveals the potential for carbon emission reduction through energy structure optimization,providing a guideline for the development of effective transportation management systems.展开更多
China has launched her first ocean color satellite HY-1A on May 15,2002 since American ocean color satellite SeaSTAR was on the orbit in 1997.First,the properties and characteristics of HY-1A are briefly introduced; s...China has launched her first ocean color satellite HY-1A on May 15,2002 since American ocean color satellite SeaSTAR was on the orbit in 1997.First,the properties and characteristics of HY-1A are briefly introduced; second,the quality and availability are evaluated by means of the complex signal noise ratio (CSNR) which is simulated theoretically; third,the received HY-1A data are compared with SeaSTAR data to understand the accuracy of radiance measurement by the HY-1A; finally,the remote sensing products of ocean color and temperature are mapped to study the application potentiality of HY-1A.The results show that the HY-1A has its latent capability for the application of marine environment detection,the management and protection of marine resources,and the national rights and interests.Meanwhile some suggestions are proposed to modify the next ocean satellite.展开更多
The Jurassic in the northern Qaidam basin is an independent petroleum system.To find high－ quality source rock is the key problem in exploration.The result of plate tectonics research shows that the Jurassic basin ha...The Jurassic in the northern Qaidam basin is an independent petroleum system.To find high－ quality source rock is the key problem in exploration.The result of plate tectonics research shows that the Jurassic basin had been formed in an extensional tectonic stress field after the Indo－ China movement along northwest and northeast directions.It belongs to a kind of compound fault subsidence.The area,where the different direction subsidences overlapped,is the oil－ generating center,and also is the favourable exploration target.展开更多
Objective:Natural products of plant origin are potential source of novel antimicrobial and antioxidative agents.Thottea siliquosa(Lam.)Ding Hou.(T.siliquosa).A medicinal herb used by local tribals for treating various...Objective:Natural products of plant origin are potential source of novel antimicrobial and antioxidative agents.Thottea siliquosa(Lam.)Ding Hou.(T.siliquosa).A medicinal herb used by local tribals for treating various ailments.The present study aims at the phytochemical screening,GC-MS analysis,in vitro antibacterial activity and antioxidant potentiality of root and leaf extracts of T.siliquosa.Methods:Hot continuous Soxhlct extraction,GC-MS analysis,antibacterial analysis by disc diffusion,microdilution assay and antioxidant potentialities by hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide radical scavenging.The data was statistically analyzed.Results:Phytochemical screening of the ethyl acetate and methanolic extract of leaf and root revealed the presence of phenols,alkaloids,tannins and saponin.The extract revealed a pool of phytochemicals by comparison with authentic standards from spectral library.Both the extracts has shown their broad spectrum of inhibition against the selected bacteria Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia compared with standard antibiotic drug streptomycin.The extracts showed antioxidant activity by scavenging of free radicals such as hydroxyl and nitric oxide.The IC_(50)values of the ethyl acetate extracts leaf and root and standard in this assay were I67.5±0.67,99.4±1.2,192±2.5μg/mL respectively.Similarly those methanolic extracts of leaf and root were 269.5±0.89 and 289.1±2.66μg/mL respectively.Similarly,ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts also caused a moderate dose-dependent inhibition of nitric oxide with an IC_(50)range 65.5±1.55 to 148±3.09μg/mL.The inhibitory activities were found to be dose dependent.Conclusion:The present study provides evidence that ethyl acetate and methanol extract of leaf and root of T.siliquosa are potential source of natural antioxidants and bactericidal nature.It is essential that research should continue to isolate and purify the bio active components of this natural plant and use in drug discovery and development.展开更多
A series of comparative studies was carried out on the genetic effects of 25 alien cytoplasms of wheat on the growth potential, heading stage, fertility, resistance against diseases, important agronomic traits and its...A series of comparative studies was carried out on the genetic effects of 25 alien cytoplasms of wheat on the growth potential, heading stage, fertility, resistance against diseases, important agronomic traits and its heterosis of 125 nuclei-cytoplasmic hybrids of wheat. The results indicated that there were clearly effects of alien cytoplasms on some characteristics , but the nucleus still exerted main effect on other characteristics. The effect of interactions between nucleus and cytoplasm was comparative obvious in some combination. Consequently, when we utilize the effects of alien cytoplasms, we should pay full attention to the facts such as the characteristic to be improved, the effects of cytoplasm,nucleus, the nucleus-cytoplasm interactions on that characteristics. From the preliminary studies, we believed that the cytoplasmic types of M^0, S^1, S^v, D^2, D and B , and the nucleo-cytoplasmic hybrids of (Ae. sharonensis) -B174, (Ae. squarrosa)- 352-35, (Ae. cylindrica) -352-35, (Ae. cylindrica)-E EN-1, (Ae. cylindrica)- NPFP, and (Ae. speltoides)352-35 would have some utilization potentiality in cultivar improvement.展开更多
The research was elaborated in Kafr El-Dawar area (Egypt northern region) to study the availability of the soil plant nutrients. The research introduced three parameters to comprehensively and carefully describe the a...The research was elaborated in Kafr El-Dawar area (Egypt northern region) to study the availability of the soil plant nutrients. The research introduced three parameters to comprehensively and carefully describe the availability of the soil plant nutrients: potentiality, gradient and anisotropy. Potentiality defines the categories of soil ability to supply plant nutrients;meanwhile gradient expresses the increasing rate of the availability of the soil plant nutrients. The gradient anisotropy refers to the directions or orientation of the increasing rate of the availability of the soil plant nutrients. The introduced parameters enabled to spatially study the availability of the soil plant nutrients. Analytical data, of soil available phosphorus (P), indicated that P ranged from 0.2 ppm to 11.4 ppm to locate all studied soil samples into the low class of the soil nutritional P ability. This was not the case of available potassium (K), where the soil samples were distributed into three available K soil categories: medium, high, and very high. GIS map of soil P nutritional potentiality for plant (potato), displayed the soil studied area in one category, as low P soil nutritional potentiality to coincide with the analytical data classification. Contrary, the K map classified the soil studied area into three categories of soil K nutritional potentiality: medium, high and excessive. This obviously referred that the individual determination of soil K nutritional potentiality is misleading for interpretation of soil tests because it does care of the spatial distribution of soil available K. Nearly, all soil samples had high available micronutrients that they were located in the high category in both classification of analytical data and GIS maps. GIS gradient maps of the soil available plant nutrients referred that the soil plant nutrients, exception of K, had two gradients: non increasing-slight increasing and build up. Gradient of soil available potassium was classified into four classes: non increasing-slight increasing, build up, moderately increasing and hike. Regardless potassium case, the non increasing-slight increasing gradient class dominated the others. GIS maps of anisotropy soil availability of macronutrients (P and K) generally showed that their gradients mainly increased in two directions: north and south. The incasing directions of soil availability of micronutrients coincided with that of the macronutrients.展开更多
Based on the groundwater resources evaluation, the groundwater exploitation potentiality evaluation is aiming at providing references for management, planning and development of groundwater. Traditional evaluation met...Based on the groundwater resources evaluation, the groundwater exploitation potentiality evaluation is aiming at providing references for management, planning and development of groundwater. Traditional evaluation methods mainly adopted individual indicator as a method which cannot fully reflect the affecting factors of the groundwater exploitation potential in a scientific way. The idea that the spatial distribution and dynamic change of groundwater is not only affected by socio-economic development and exploitation technology but also influenced by its regulation is coincided with the niche theory. This paper has preliminarily applied the niche theory to groundwater exploitation potential analysis, and proposed the concept of groundwater niche as well as its related definition, connotation and calculation formula. Meanwhile, by taking the Hebei Plain as an example, the article has made an evaluation of groundwater exploitation potentiality and a contrast with the results of the traditional evaluation methods on the construction of groundwater niche index system, and then verified the feasibility and rationality of this index system. It turns out that, it is truly comprehensive, scientific and rational to make groundwater niche calculation and exploitation potential analysis by using the evaluation index system. Niche theory has provided a new and fundamental attempt for the analysis and competition strategy for the groundwater exploitation potentiality evaluation.展开更多
Objective: To assess the developing potentiality of mouse morula produced in vitro or in the after vitrification and to evaluate the effect of one-step and two-step vitrification methods. Method: Mouse morula produced...Objective: To assess the developing potentiality of mouse morula produced in vitro or in the after vitrification and to evaluate the effect of one-step and two-step vitrification methods. Method: Mouse morula produced in for and in the were vitrified in the solution containing ethylene glycol, Ficoll and sucrose (EFS solution) with one-step and two-step methods. The developing potential and status of the pellucid zona in vitified mouse morula were assessed. Results: The percentages of morula developed into blastocyst stage were 81. 8% and 82.4%, 97. 3% and 98.4%, respectively, after one-step and two-step exposure of in vitro morula or in vivo morula to EFS solution alone, which did not show significant difference compared to their controls (P > 0. 05). The percentage of in vitro morula developed into blastocyst vitrified by onestep method was significantly lower than that by two-step method and coned (P < 0.05, 70.6% vs 81 .3%; 70.6% vs 83 .6%, respectively). However, there was no significant difference between blastocyst rates of in vivo morula vitrified by one-step and two-step methods (P>0.05, 93. 1% us 95.7%). No rupture of pellucid zona was observed in all thawed morula after one-step and two-step vitrification, irrespective of in vitro morula or in vivo morula. Conclusion: Morula produced in vitro and in vivo after vitrification may maintain high survival rate and developing potential. Two-step vitrification method with EFS solution is suitable for in vitro morula, which can improve the developing potential of in vitro morula. Onestep and two-step vitrification method have no detrimennd effect on the developing potential of in vivo morula.展开更多
Scaling-up agroforestry area in various forms is a scientific path towards achieving various sustainable development goals(SDGs),especially improving livelihood,reducing poverty,conserving environment and biodiversity...Scaling-up agroforestry area in various forms is a scientific path towards achieving various sustainable development goals(SDGs),especially improving livelihood,reducing poverty,conserving environment and biodiversity,and transforming climate change.In this study,the effort was made to investigate the land potentiality for agroforestry at the district level in Jharkhand State,India by applying geographic information system(GIS)modeling technology using climate(temperature and precipitation),topography(slope and elevation),ecology(percent tree cover and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)),and social economics(poverty rate and tribal dominance)factors.The results revealed that six districts of Jharkhand State had agroforestry potential greater than 60.00%.The highest agroforestry suitability was found in Simdega District(78.20%),followed by Pakur(76.25%),West Singhbhum(72.70%),Dumka(68.84%),Sahibganj(64.63%),and Godda(63.43%)districts.Additionally,we identified 513 out of 32,620 villages of Jharkhand State potentially suitable(agroforestry suitability≥80.00%)for agroforestry with the objective of life improvement among marginalized society.Under the outside forest area,8.58%of the total geographical land of Jharkhand State was wasteland,much of which was found suitable for agroforestry practices.The agroforestry setups in those wastelands can absorb 637 t carbon annually in long run and can provide direct economic benefits to the locals besides additional income for carbon emission reduction.This study concluded that Jharkhand State has plenty of high potential land for agroforestry,and adoption of agroforestry at the village level must be given high priority.This study could guide the nodal authorities to prepare appropriate strategies for scaling the tree cover in agroforestry systems in village-level landscape planning which needs policy attention and investment for achieving 9 out of the 17 SDGs.展开更多
To identify the potential groundwater bearing zones for future groundwater resources development of the study area, an investigation has been made using lithology, groundwater monitoring and elevation data. The strati...To identify the potential groundwater bearing zones for future groundwater resources development of the study area, an investigation has been made using lithology, groundwater monitoring and elevation data. The stratigraphic cross-sections of the area reveal six distinct hydrostratigraphic features viz. clay-silt-sand, fine sand, fine to medium sand, medium sand, medium to coarse sand and coarse sand. On the basis of lithological information, the groundwater bearing zone of the area has been divided into two main hydrostratigraphic units viz. aquitard and aquifer, which consist of clay-silt-sand and sands of different grain sizes respectively. The aquifer zone is further divided into two categories: “small scale aquifer” made dominantly of fine and “main aquifer” comprising of fine-medium to coarse sand. The annual fluctuation of water table in the study area is observed from 4.9 m to 5.6 m. The area is demarcated as three different groundwater bearing zones based on Catastrophe theory using GIS.展开更多
The Gangdese belt in Xizang has experienced both Jurassic subduction and Cenozoic continental collision processes, making it a globally renowned region for magmatic rocks and porphyry copper deposits. Numerous Jurassi...The Gangdese belt in Xizang has experienced both Jurassic subduction and Cenozoic continental collision processes, making it a globally renowned region for magmatic rocks and porphyry copper deposits. Numerous Jurassic intrusions have been identified in the belt. Apart from the quartz diorite porphyry in the large Xietongmen deposit, the Cu mineralization potential of other Jurassic intrusions in this belt remains unclear. This study presents zircon U–Pb dating and trace elements, apatite major and trace elements as well as published whole-rock geochemical and isotopic data of the Dongga tonalite in the central part of the Gangdese belt, aiming to reveal the petrogenesis, oxidation state, volatile content, and Cu mineralization potential of this intrusion. The Dongga tonalite has a zircon U–Pb age of 179.4 ± 0.9 Ma. It exhibits high whole-rock V/Sc values(8.76–14.6), relatively low apatite CeN/CeN*ratios(1.04–1.28), elevated zircon(Eu/Eu*)Nvalues(an average of 0.44), high Ce4+/Ce3+values(205–1896), and high ?FMQ values(1.3–3.7), collectively suggesting a high magmatic oxygen fugacity. The Dongga tonalite features amphibole phenocrysts, relatively high whole-rock Sr/Y ratios(20.3–58.9), and lower zircon Ti temperatures (502–740 ℃), reflecting a high magmatic water content. Estimation of magmatic sulfur content(0.002–0.024 wt%) based on apatite SO3contents indicates an enriched magma sulfur content. Combined with previous studies and the collected Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes, the Dongga tonalite is derived from juvenile lower crust related with subduction of the Neo-Tethys oceanic slab. When compared with Xietongmen orebearing porphyries, the Dongga tonalite exhibits remarkable similarities with the Xietongmen ore-bearing porphyries in terms of magma source, tectonic background, magmatic redox state, and volatile components, which indicates that the Dongga tonalite has a high porphyry Cu mineralization potential, and therefore, provides important guidance for the future mineralization exploration.展开更多
In multiple sclerosis,only immunomodulato ry and immunosuppressive drugs are recognized as disease-modifying therapies.Howeve r,in recent years,several data from pre-clinical and clinical studies suggested a possible ...In multiple sclerosis,only immunomodulato ry and immunosuppressive drugs are recognized as disease-modifying therapies.Howeve r,in recent years,several data from pre-clinical and clinical studies suggested a possible role of physical exe rcise as disease-modifying therapy in multiple sclerosis.Current evidence is sparse and often conflicting,and the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective and antinflammatory role of exercise in multiple sclerosis have not been fully elucidated.Data,mainly derived from pre-clinical studies,suggest that exe rcise could enhance longterm potentiation and thus neuroplasticity,could reduce neuroinflammation and synaptopathy,and dampen astrogliosis and microgliosis.In humans,most trials focused on direct clinical and MRI outcomes,as investigating synaptic,neuroinflammato ry,and pathological changes is not straightfo rward compared to animal models.The present review analyzed current evidence and limitations in research concerning the potential disease-modifying therapy effects of exercise in multiple sclerosis in animal models and human studies.展开更多
In this article, we study the smoothing effect of the Cauchy problem for the spatially homogeneous non-cutoff Boltzmann equation for hard potentials. It has long been suspected that the non-cutoff Boltzmann equation e...In this article, we study the smoothing effect of the Cauchy problem for the spatially homogeneous non-cutoff Boltzmann equation for hard potentials. It has long been suspected that the non-cutoff Boltzmann equation enjoys similar regularity properties as to whose of the fractional heat equation. We prove that any solution with mild regularity will become smooth in Gevrey class at positive time, with a sharp Gevrey index, depending on the angular singularity. Our proof relies on the elementary L^(2) weighted estimates.展开更多
Neurological disorders and injuries lead to the impairment or depletion of neurons in terms of quantity,structure,or function,resulting in the loss of cognitive,emotional,and physical abilities in human beings.This,in...Neurological disorders and injuries lead to the impairment or depletion of neurons in terms of quantity,structure,or function,resulting in the loss of cognitive,emotional,and physical abilities in human beings.This,in turn,accompanies the shortfall of valuable human resources and economic potential,causing a detriment to society.Addressing these challenges,therefore,becomes imperative not only from a humanitarian perspective but also as a means of preserving human capital and bolstering economic prosperity.展开更多
A novel emissive probe consisting of an oxide cathode coating is developed to achieve a low operating temperature and long service life.The properties of the novel emissive probe are investigated in detail,in comparis...A novel emissive probe consisting of an oxide cathode coating is developed to achieve a low operating temperature and long service life.The properties of the novel emissive probe are investigated in detail,in comparison with a traditional tungsten emissive probe,including the operating temperature,the electron emission capability and the plasma potential measurement.Studies of the operating temperature and electron emission capability show that the tungsten emissive probe usually works at a temperature of 1800 K-2200 K while the oxide cathode emissive probe can function at about 1200 K-1400 K.In addition,plasma potential measurements using the oxide cathode emissive probe with different techniques have been accomplished in microwave electron cyclotron resonance plasmas with different discharge powers.It is found that a reliable plasma potential can be obtained using the improved inflection point method and the hot probe with zero emission limit method,while the floating point method is invalid for the oxide cathode emissive probe.展开更多
Climate change poses a serious long-term threat to biodiversity.To effectively reduce biodiversity loss,conservationists need to have a thorough understanding of the preferred habitats of species and the variables tha...Climate change poses a serious long-term threat to biodiversity.To effectively reduce biodiversity loss,conservationists need to have a thorough understanding of the preferred habitats of species and the variables that affect their distribution.Therefore,predicting the impact of climate change on speciesappropriate habitats may help mitigate the potential threats to biodiversity distribution.Xerophyta,a monocotyledonous genus of the family Velloziaceae is native to mainland Africa,Madagascar,and the Arabian Peninsula.The key drivers of Xerophyta habitat distribution and preference are unknown.Using 308 species occurrence data and eight environmental variables,the MaxEnt model was used to determine the potential distribution of six Xerophyta species in Africa under past,current and future climate change scenarios.The results showed that the models had a good predictive ability(Area Under the Curve and True Skill Statistics values for all SDMs were more than 0.902),indicating high accuracy in forecasting the potential geographic distribution of Xerophyta species.The main bioclimatic variables that impacted potential distributions of most Xerophyta species were mean temperature of the driest quarter(Bio9)and precipitation of the warmest quarter(Bio18).According to our models,tropical Africa has zones of moderate and high suitability for Xerophyta taxa,which is consistent with the majority of documented species localities.The habitat suitability of the existing range of the Xerophyta species varied based on the climate scenario,with most species experiencing a range loss greater than the range gain regardless of the climate scenario.The projected spatiotemporal patterns of Xerophyta species help guide recommendations for conservation efforts.展开更多
Epilepsy frequently leads to cognitive dysfunction and approaches to treatment remain limited.Although regular exercise effectively improves learning and memory functions across multiple neurological diseases,its appl...Epilepsy frequently leads to cognitive dysfunction and approaches to treatment remain limited.Although regular exercise effectively improves learning and memory functions across multiple neurological diseases,its application in patients with epilepsy remains controversial.Here,we adopted a 14-day treadmill-exercise paradigm in a pilocarpine injection-induced mouse model of epilepsy.Cognitive assays confirmed the improvement of object and spatial memory after endurance training,and electrophysiological studies revealed the maintenance of hippocampal plasticity as a result of physical exercise.Investigations of the mechanisms underlying this effect revealed that exercise protected parvalbumin interneurons,probably via the suppression of neuroinflammation and improved integrity of blood-brain barrier.In summary,this work identified a previously unknown mechanism through which exercise improves cognitive rehabilitation in epilepsy.展开更多
Zinc oxide(ZnO)shows great potential in electronics,but its large intrinsic thermal conductivity limits its thermoelectric applications.In this work,we explore the significant carrier transport capacity and diameter-d...Zinc oxide(ZnO)shows great potential in electronics,but its large intrinsic thermal conductivity limits its thermoelectric applications.In this work,we explore the significant carrier transport capacity and diameter-dependent thermoelectric characteristics of wurtzite-ZnO(0001)nanowires based on first-principles and molecular dynamics simulations.Under the synergistic effect of band degeneracy and weak phonon-electron scattering,P-type(ZnO)_(73)nanowires achieve an ultrahigh power factor above 1500μW·cm^(-1)·K^(-2)over a wide temperature range.The lattice thermal conductivity and carrier transport properties of ZnO nanowires exhibit a strong diameter size dependence.When the ZnO nanowire diameter exceeds 12.72A,the carrier transport properties increase significantly,while the thermal conductivity shows a slight increase with the diameter size,resulting in a ZT value of up to 6.4 at 700 K for P-type(ZnO)_(73).For the first time,the size effect is also illustrated by introducing two geometrical configurations of the ZnO nanowires.This work theoretically depicts the size optimization strategy for the thermoelectric conversion of ZnO nanowires.展开更多
Regeneration status of tree species along elevation gradient in temperate hill forest was not understood greatly.Present research examined the tree diversity and its regeneration patterns along an elevation gradient i...Regeneration status of tree species along elevation gradient in temperate hill forest was not understood greatly.Present research examined the tree diversity and its regeneration patterns along an elevation gradient in temperate hill forest,central Nepal.Data were collected from 300 sample plots within vertical elevation bands of 10,ranging from 1365 to 2450 m asl.A random sampling method was used for data collection in three seasons,winter,pre-monsoon and post monsoon seasons.Diameter at breast height(DBH)was used to broadly categorize the plant individual into trees,saplings and seedlings.The tree species richness ranged from 12 to 25 with density of 350 to 1200 individuals per hectare.Species richness of tree and sapling showed statistically significant unimodal pattern,which peaked at mid-elevation.Elevation showed a strong and positive linear correlation with the seedling density(Deviance=0.99,p<0.001)and a significant hump-shaped relationship with sapling density(Deviance=0.95,p<0.001).Similarly,elevations showed a statistically significant negative hump-shaped relationship with all trees,saplings and seedling stages(Deviances=0.89,0.87 and 0.57).The highest values of the Shannon-Wiener index and the lowest value of the Simpson index were found at mid-elevation for all growth forms.Nearly 92%of tree species were found at regenerating stage;49%in a good renewal regeneration status,32%in fair renewal regeneration,and 11%at a poor regenerating condition.Nevertheless,4%of tree species were reported as non-regenerating stages and 4%were newly introduced species.Hence,the regeneration status of the study area was considered fairly well since sapling(78.5%)>seedling(10.6%)≤mature(10.9%).Among tested environmental variables,elevation and annual mean rainfall were the most influential factors in the regeneration of tree species.展开更多
The exploitation of high performance redox-active substances is critically important for the development of non-aqueous redoxflow batteries.Herein,three tetrathiofulvalene(TTF)derivatives with different substitution gr...The exploitation of high performance redox-active substances is critically important for the development of non-aqueous redoxflow batteries.Herein,three tetrathiofulvalene(TTF)derivatives with different substitution groups,namely TTF diethyl ester(TTFDE),TTF tetramethyl ester(TTFTM),and TTF tetraethyl ester(TTFTE),are prepared and their energy storage properties are evaluated.It has been found that the redox potential and solubility of these TTF derivatives in conventional carbonate electrolytes increases with the number of ester groups.The battery with a catholyte of 0.2 mol L^(-1) of TTFTE delivers a specific capacity of more than 10 Ah L^(-1) at the current density of 0.5 C with two discharge voltage platforms locating at as high as 3.85 and 3.60 V vs.Li/Liþ.Its capacity retention can be improved from 2.34 Ah L^(-1) to 3.60 Ah L^(-1) after 100 cycles by the use of an anion exchange membrane to block the crossover of TTF species.The excellent cycling stability of the TIF esters is supported by their well-delocalized electrons,as revealed by the density function theory calculations.Therefore,the introduction of more and larger electron-withdrawing groups is a promising strategy to simultaneously increase the redox-potential and solubility of redox-active ma-terials for non-aqueous redoxflow batteries.展开更多
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2268208)Science and Technology Program of China National Railway Group Co.,Ltd.(N2022×037).
文摘This study addresses the comparative carbon emissions of different transportation modes within a unified evaluation framework,focusing on their carbon footprints from inception to disposal.Specifically,the entire life cycle carbon emissions of High-Speed Rail(HSR),battery electric vehicles,conventional internal combustion engine vehicles,battery electric buses,and conventional internal combustion engine buses are analyzed.The life cycle is segmented into vehicle manufacturing,fuel or electricity production,operational,and dismantlingrecycling stages.This analysis is applied to the Beijing-Tianjin intercity transportation system to explore emission reduction strategies.Results indicate that HSR demonstrates significant carbon emission reduction,with an intensity of only 24%-32% compared to private vehicles and 47%-89% compared to buses.Notably,HSR travel for Beijing-Tianjin intercity emits only 24% of private vehicle emissions,demonstrating the emission reduction benefits of transportation structure optimization.Additionally,predictive modeling reveals the potential for carbon emission reduction through energy structure optimization,providing a guideline for the development of effective transportation management systems.
文摘China has launched her first ocean color satellite HY-1A on May 15,2002 since American ocean color satellite SeaSTAR was on the orbit in 1997.First,the properties and characteristics of HY-1A are briefly introduced; second,the quality and availability are evaluated by means of the complex signal noise ratio (CSNR) which is simulated theoretically; third,the received HY-1A data are compared with SeaSTAR data to understand the accuracy of radiance measurement by the HY-1A; finally,the remote sensing products of ocean color and temperature are mapped to study the application potentiality of HY-1A.The results show that the HY-1A has its latent capability for the application of marine environment detection,the management and protection of marine resources,and the national rights and interests.Meanwhile some suggestions are proposed to modify the next ocean satellite.
文摘The Jurassic in the northern Qaidam basin is an independent petroleum system.To find high－ quality source rock is the key problem in exploration.The result of plate tectonics research shows that the Jurassic basin had been formed in an extensional tectonic stress field after the Indo－ China movement along northwest and northeast directions.It belongs to a kind of compound fault subsidence.The area,where the different direction subsidences overlapped,is the oil－ generating center,and also is the favourable exploration target.
基金supported by the Govt,of Kerala(Order Nos. Ac.E.l.B.1.27808/04 Dt.28.04.2005)
文摘Objective:Natural products of plant origin are potential source of novel antimicrobial and antioxidative agents.Thottea siliquosa(Lam.)Ding Hou.(T.siliquosa).A medicinal herb used by local tribals for treating various ailments.The present study aims at the phytochemical screening,GC-MS analysis,in vitro antibacterial activity and antioxidant potentiality of root and leaf extracts of T.siliquosa.Methods:Hot continuous Soxhlct extraction,GC-MS analysis,antibacterial analysis by disc diffusion,microdilution assay and antioxidant potentialities by hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide radical scavenging.The data was statistically analyzed.Results:Phytochemical screening of the ethyl acetate and methanolic extract of leaf and root revealed the presence of phenols,alkaloids,tannins and saponin.The extract revealed a pool of phytochemicals by comparison with authentic standards from spectral library.Both the extracts has shown their broad spectrum of inhibition against the selected bacteria Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia compared with standard antibiotic drug streptomycin.The extracts showed antioxidant activity by scavenging of free radicals such as hydroxyl and nitric oxide.The IC_(50)values of the ethyl acetate extracts leaf and root and standard in this assay were I67.5±0.67,99.4±1.2,192±2.5μg/mL respectively.Similarly those methanolic extracts of leaf and root were 269.5±0.89 and 289.1±2.66μg/mL respectively.Similarly,ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts also caused a moderate dose-dependent inhibition of nitric oxide with an IC_(50)range 65.5±1.55 to 148±3.09μg/mL.The inhibitory activities were found to be dose dependent.Conclusion:The present study provides evidence that ethyl acetate and methanol extract of leaf and root of T.siliquosa are potential source of natural antioxidants and bactericidal nature.It is essential that research should continue to isolate and purify the bio active components of this natural plant and use in drug discovery and development.
基金the Foundation of National sib Five-year-plan of China
文摘A series of comparative studies was carried out on the genetic effects of 25 alien cytoplasms of wheat on the growth potential, heading stage, fertility, resistance against diseases, important agronomic traits and its heterosis of 125 nuclei-cytoplasmic hybrids of wheat. The results indicated that there were clearly effects of alien cytoplasms on some characteristics , but the nucleus still exerted main effect on other characteristics. The effect of interactions between nucleus and cytoplasm was comparative obvious in some combination. Consequently, when we utilize the effects of alien cytoplasms, we should pay full attention to the facts such as the characteristic to be improved, the effects of cytoplasm,nucleus, the nucleus-cytoplasm interactions on that characteristics. From the preliminary studies, we believed that the cytoplasmic types of M^0, S^1, S^v, D^2, D and B , and the nucleo-cytoplasmic hybrids of (Ae. sharonensis) -B174, (Ae. squarrosa)- 352-35, (Ae. cylindrica) -352-35, (Ae. cylindrica)-E EN-1, (Ae. cylindrica)- NPFP, and (Ae. speltoides)352-35 would have some utilization potentiality in cultivar improvement.
文摘The research was elaborated in Kafr El-Dawar area (Egypt northern region) to study the availability of the soil plant nutrients. The research introduced three parameters to comprehensively and carefully describe the availability of the soil plant nutrients: potentiality, gradient and anisotropy. Potentiality defines the categories of soil ability to supply plant nutrients;meanwhile gradient expresses the increasing rate of the availability of the soil plant nutrients. The gradient anisotropy refers to the directions or orientation of the increasing rate of the availability of the soil plant nutrients. The introduced parameters enabled to spatially study the availability of the soil plant nutrients. Analytical data, of soil available phosphorus (P), indicated that P ranged from 0.2 ppm to 11.4 ppm to locate all studied soil samples into the low class of the soil nutritional P ability. This was not the case of available potassium (K), where the soil samples were distributed into three available K soil categories: medium, high, and very high. GIS map of soil P nutritional potentiality for plant (potato), displayed the soil studied area in one category, as low P soil nutritional potentiality to coincide with the analytical data classification. Contrary, the K map classified the soil studied area into three categories of soil K nutritional potentiality: medium, high and excessive. This obviously referred that the individual determination of soil K nutritional potentiality is misleading for interpretation of soil tests because it does care of the spatial distribution of soil available K. Nearly, all soil samples had high available micronutrients that they were located in the high category in both classification of analytical data and GIS maps. GIS gradient maps of the soil available plant nutrients referred that the soil plant nutrients, exception of K, had two gradients: non increasing-slight increasing and build up. Gradient of soil available potassium was classified into four classes: non increasing-slight increasing, build up, moderately increasing and hike. Regardless potassium case, the non increasing-slight increasing gradient class dominated the others. GIS maps of anisotropy soil availability of macronutrients (P and K) generally showed that their gradients mainly increased in two directions: north and south. The incasing directions of soil availability of micronutrients coincided with that of the macronutrients.
基金supported by the Graduate Student Innovation Fund of Hebei Province (No.197)
文摘Based on the groundwater resources evaluation, the groundwater exploitation potentiality evaluation is aiming at providing references for management, planning and development of groundwater. Traditional evaluation methods mainly adopted individual indicator as a method which cannot fully reflect the affecting factors of the groundwater exploitation potential in a scientific way. The idea that the spatial distribution and dynamic change of groundwater is not only affected by socio-economic development and exploitation technology but also influenced by its regulation is coincided with the niche theory. This paper has preliminarily applied the niche theory to groundwater exploitation potential analysis, and proposed the concept of groundwater niche as well as its related definition, connotation and calculation formula. Meanwhile, by taking the Hebei Plain as an example, the article has made an evaluation of groundwater exploitation potentiality and a contrast with the results of the traditional evaluation methods on the construction of groundwater niche index system, and then verified the feasibility and rationality of this index system. It turns out that, it is truly comprehensive, scientific and rational to make groundwater niche calculation and exploitation potential analysis by using the evaluation index system. Niche theory has provided a new and fundamental attempt for the analysis and competition strategy for the groundwater exploitation potentiality evaluation.
文摘Objective: To assess the developing potentiality of mouse morula produced in vitro or in the after vitrification and to evaluate the effect of one-step and two-step vitrification methods. Method: Mouse morula produced in for and in the were vitrified in the solution containing ethylene glycol, Ficoll and sucrose (EFS solution) with one-step and two-step methods. The developing potential and status of the pellucid zona in vitified mouse morula were assessed. Results: The percentages of morula developed into blastocyst stage were 81. 8% and 82.4%, 97. 3% and 98.4%, respectively, after one-step and two-step exposure of in vitro morula or in vivo morula to EFS solution alone, which did not show significant difference compared to their controls (P > 0. 05). The percentage of in vitro morula developed into blastocyst vitrified by onestep method was significantly lower than that by two-step method and coned (P < 0.05, 70.6% vs 81 .3%; 70.6% vs 83 .6%, respectively). However, there was no significant difference between blastocyst rates of in vivo morula vitrified by one-step and two-step methods (P>0.05, 93. 1% us 95.7%). No rupture of pellucid zona was observed in all thawed morula after one-step and two-step vitrification, irrespective of in vitro morula or in vivo morula. Conclusion: Morula produced in vitro and in vivo after vitrification may maintain high survival rate and developing potential. Two-step vitrification method with EFS solution is suitable for in vitro morula, which can improve the developing potential of in vitro morula. Onestep and two-step vitrification method have no detrimennd effect on the developing potential of in vivo morula.
基金the International Center for Research in Agroforestry(ICRAF)New Delhi Regional Centre for its motivation and support in conducting this study.
文摘Scaling-up agroforestry area in various forms is a scientific path towards achieving various sustainable development goals(SDGs),especially improving livelihood,reducing poverty,conserving environment and biodiversity,and transforming climate change.In this study,the effort was made to investigate the land potentiality for agroforestry at the district level in Jharkhand State,India by applying geographic information system(GIS)modeling technology using climate(temperature and precipitation),topography(slope and elevation),ecology(percent tree cover and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)),and social economics(poverty rate and tribal dominance)factors.The results revealed that six districts of Jharkhand State had agroforestry potential greater than 60.00%.The highest agroforestry suitability was found in Simdega District(78.20%),followed by Pakur(76.25%),West Singhbhum(72.70%),Dumka(68.84%),Sahibganj(64.63%),and Godda(63.43%)districts.Additionally,we identified 513 out of 32,620 villages of Jharkhand State potentially suitable(agroforestry suitability≥80.00%)for agroforestry with the objective of life improvement among marginalized society.Under the outside forest area,8.58%of the total geographical land of Jharkhand State was wasteland,much of which was found suitable for agroforestry practices.The agroforestry setups in those wastelands can absorb 637 t carbon annually in long run and can provide direct economic benefits to the locals besides additional income for carbon emission reduction.This study concluded that Jharkhand State has plenty of high potential land for agroforestry,and adoption of agroforestry at the village level must be given high priority.This study could guide the nodal authorities to prepare appropriate strategies for scaling the tree cover in agroforestry systems in village-level landscape planning which needs policy attention and investment for achieving 9 out of the 17 SDGs.
文摘To identify the potential groundwater bearing zones for future groundwater resources development of the study area, an investigation has been made using lithology, groundwater monitoring and elevation data. The stratigraphic cross-sections of the area reveal six distinct hydrostratigraphic features viz. clay-silt-sand, fine sand, fine to medium sand, medium sand, medium to coarse sand and coarse sand. On the basis of lithological information, the groundwater bearing zone of the area has been divided into two main hydrostratigraphic units viz. aquitard and aquifer, which consist of clay-silt-sand and sands of different grain sizes respectively. The aquifer zone is further divided into two categories: “small scale aquifer” made dominantly of fine and “main aquifer” comprising of fine-medium to coarse sand. The annual fluctuation of water table in the study area is observed from 4.9 m to 5.6 m. The area is demarcated as three different groundwater bearing zones based on Catastrophe theory using GIS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation Program of China(42102095,42362013,42363009)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20224BAB203036,20224BAB213040,20224ACB203008)the Open Research Fund Program of State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment,East China University of Technology(2022NRE12).
文摘The Gangdese belt in Xizang has experienced both Jurassic subduction and Cenozoic continental collision processes, making it a globally renowned region for magmatic rocks and porphyry copper deposits. Numerous Jurassic intrusions have been identified in the belt. Apart from the quartz diorite porphyry in the large Xietongmen deposit, the Cu mineralization potential of other Jurassic intrusions in this belt remains unclear. This study presents zircon U–Pb dating and trace elements, apatite major and trace elements as well as published whole-rock geochemical and isotopic data of the Dongga tonalite in the central part of the Gangdese belt, aiming to reveal the petrogenesis, oxidation state, volatile content, and Cu mineralization potential of this intrusion. The Dongga tonalite has a zircon U–Pb age of 179.4 ± 0.9 Ma. It exhibits high whole-rock V/Sc values(8.76–14.6), relatively low apatite CeN/CeN*ratios(1.04–1.28), elevated zircon(Eu/Eu*)Nvalues(an average of 0.44), high Ce4+/Ce3+values(205–1896), and high ?FMQ values(1.3–3.7), collectively suggesting a high magmatic oxygen fugacity. The Dongga tonalite features amphibole phenocrysts, relatively high whole-rock Sr/Y ratios(20.3–58.9), and lower zircon Ti temperatures (502–740 ℃), reflecting a high magmatic water content. Estimation of magmatic sulfur content(0.002–0.024 wt%) based on apatite SO3contents indicates an enriched magma sulfur content. Combined with previous studies and the collected Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes, the Dongga tonalite is derived from juvenile lower crust related with subduction of the Neo-Tethys oceanic slab. When compared with Xietongmen orebearing porphyries, the Dongga tonalite exhibits remarkable similarities with the Xietongmen ore-bearing porphyries in terms of magma source, tectonic background, magmatic redox state, and volatile components, which indicates that the Dongga tonalite has a high porphyry Cu mineralization potential, and therefore, provides important guidance for the future mineralization exploration.
文摘In multiple sclerosis,only immunomodulato ry and immunosuppressive drugs are recognized as disease-modifying therapies.Howeve r,in recent years,several data from pre-clinical and clinical studies suggested a possible role of physical exe rcise as disease-modifying therapy in multiple sclerosis.Current evidence is sparse and often conflicting,and the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective and antinflammatory role of exercise in multiple sclerosis have not been fully elucidated.Data,mainly derived from pre-clinical studies,suggest that exe rcise could enhance longterm potentiation and thus neuroplasticity,could reduce neuroinflammation and synaptopathy,and dampen astrogliosis and microgliosis.In humans,most trials focused on direct clinical and MRI outcomes,as investigating synaptic,neuroinflammato ry,and pathological changes is not straightfo rward compared to animal models.The present review analyzed current evidence and limitations in research concerning the potential disease-modifying therapy effects of exercise in multiple sclerosis in animal models and human studies.
基金supported by the NSFC(12101012)the PhD Scientific Research Start-up Foundation of Anhui Normal University.Zeng’s research was supported by the NSFC(11961160716,11871054,12131017).
文摘In this article, we study the smoothing effect of the Cauchy problem for the spatially homogeneous non-cutoff Boltzmann equation for hard potentials. It has long been suspected that the non-cutoff Boltzmann equation enjoys similar regularity properties as to whose of the fractional heat equation. We prove that any solution with mild regularity will become smooth in Gevrey class at positive time, with a sharp Gevrey index, depending on the angular singularity. Our proof relies on the elementary L^(2) weighted estimates.
基金supported in part by National Institutes of Health grants,R01AR068279(NIAMS),STTR R42EY031196(NEI),and STTR 1R41AG057242(NIA)(to HD).
文摘Neurological disorders and injuries lead to the impairment or depletion of neurons in terms of quantity,structure,or function,resulting in the loss of cognitive,emotional,and physical abilities in human beings.This,in turn,accompanies the shortfall of valuable human resources and economic potential,causing a detriment to society.Addressing these challenges,therefore,becomes imperative not only from a humanitarian perspective but also as a means of preserving human capital and bolstering economic prosperity.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.11905076)S&T Program of Hebei (Grant No.SZX2020034)。
文摘A novel emissive probe consisting of an oxide cathode coating is developed to achieve a low operating temperature and long service life.The properties of the novel emissive probe are investigated in detail,in comparison with a traditional tungsten emissive probe,including the operating temperature,the electron emission capability and the plasma potential measurement.Studies of the operating temperature and electron emission capability show that the tungsten emissive probe usually works at a temperature of 1800 K-2200 K while the oxide cathode emissive probe can function at about 1200 K-1400 K.In addition,plasma potential measurements using the oxide cathode emissive probe with different techniques have been accomplished in microwave electron cyclotron resonance plasmas with different discharge powers.It is found that a reliable plasma potential can be obtained using the improved inflection point method and the hot probe with zero emission limit method,while the floating point method is invalid for the oxide cathode emissive probe.
基金supported by grants from the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (151853KYSB20190027)Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, CAS (SAJC202101)The ANSO Scholarship for Young Talents, PhD Fellowship Program University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
文摘Climate change poses a serious long-term threat to biodiversity.To effectively reduce biodiversity loss,conservationists need to have a thorough understanding of the preferred habitats of species and the variables that affect their distribution.Therefore,predicting the impact of climate change on speciesappropriate habitats may help mitigate the potential threats to biodiversity distribution.Xerophyta,a monocotyledonous genus of the family Velloziaceae is native to mainland Africa,Madagascar,and the Arabian Peninsula.The key drivers of Xerophyta habitat distribution and preference are unknown.Using 308 species occurrence data and eight environmental variables,the MaxEnt model was used to determine the potential distribution of six Xerophyta species in Africa under past,current and future climate change scenarios.The results showed that the models had a good predictive ability(Area Under the Curve and True Skill Statistics values for all SDMs were more than 0.902),indicating high accuracy in forecasting the potential geographic distribution of Xerophyta species.The main bioclimatic variables that impacted potential distributions of most Xerophyta species were mean temperature of the driest quarter(Bio9)and precipitation of the warmest quarter(Bio18).According to our models,tropical Africa has zones of moderate and high suitability for Xerophyta taxa,which is consistent with the majority of documented species localities.The habitat suitability of the existing range of the Xerophyta species varied based on the climate scenario,with most species experiencing a range loss greater than the range gain regardless of the climate scenario.The projected spatiotemporal patterns of Xerophyta species help guide recommendations for conservation efforts.
基金supported by STI2030-Major Projects,No.2022ZD0207600 (to LZ)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.821 71446 (to JY),U22A20301 (to KFS),32070955 (to LZ)+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,No.202381515040015 (to LZ)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China,No.202007030012 (to KFS and LZ)
文摘Epilepsy frequently leads to cognitive dysfunction and approaches to treatment remain limited.Although regular exercise effectively improves learning and memory functions across multiple neurological diseases,its application in patients with epilepsy remains controversial.Here,we adopted a 14-day treadmill-exercise paradigm in a pilocarpine injection-induced mouse model of epilepsy.Cognitive assays confirmed the improvement of object and spatial memory after endurance training,and electrophysiological studies revealed the maintenance of hippocampal plasticity as a result of physical exercise.Investigations of the mechanisms underlying this effect revealed that exercise protected parvalbumin interneurons,probably via the suppression of neuroinflammation and improved integrity of blood-brain barrier.In summary,this work identified a previously unknown mechanism through which exercise improves cognitive rehabilitation in epilepsy.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.52130604 and 51825604)。
文摘Zinc oxide(ZnO)shows great potential in electronics,but its large intrinsic thermal conductivity limits its thermoelectric applications.In this work,we explore the significant carrier transport capacity and diameter-dependent thermoelectric characteristics of wurtzite-ZnO(0001)nanowires based on first-principles and molecular dynamics simulations.Under the synergistic effect of band degeneracy and weak phonon-electron scattering,P-type(ZnO)_(73)nanowires achieve an ultrahigh power factor above 1500μW·cm^(-1)·K^(-2)over a wide temperature range.The lattice thermal conductivity and carrier transport properties of ZnO nanowires exhibit a strong diameter size dependence.When the ZnO nanowire diameter exceeds 12.72A,the carrier transport properties increase significantly,while the thermal conductivity shows a slight increase with the diameter size,resulting in a ZT value of up to 6.4 at 700 K for P-type(ZnO)_(73).For the first time,the size effect is also illustrated by introducing two geometrical configurations of the ZnO nanowires.This work theoretically depicts the size optimization strategy for the thermoelectric conversion of ZnO nanowires.
基金the University grant Commission, Kathmandu Nepal for partial financial assistance (Sand T 23-2076/77)
文摘Regeneration status of tree species along elevation gradient in temperate hill forest was not understood greatly.Present research examined the tree diversity and its regeneration patterns along an elevation gradient in temperate hill forest,central Nepal.Data were collected from 300 sample plots within vertical elevation bands of 10,ranging from 1365 to 2450 m asl.A random sampling method was used for data collection in three seasons,winter,pre-monsoon and post monsoon seasons.Diameter at breast height(DBH)was used to broadly categorize the plant individual into trees,saplings and seedlings.The tree species richness ranged from 12 to 25 with density of 350 to 1200 individuals per hectare.Species richness of tree and sapling showed statistically significant unimodal pattern,which peaked at mid-elevation.Elevation showed a strong and positive linear correlation with the seedling density(Deviance=0.99,p<0.001)and a significant hump-shaped relationship with sapling density(Deviance=0.95,p<0.001).Similarly,elevations showed a statistically significant negative hump-shaped relationship with all trees,saplings and seedling stages(Deviances=0.89,0.87 and 0.57).The highest values of the Shannon-Wiener index and the lowest value of the Simpson index were found at mid-elevation for all growth forms.Nearly 92%of tree species were found at regenerating stage;49%in a good renewal regeneration status,32%in fair renewal regeneration,and 11%at a poor regenerating condition.Nevertheless,4%of tree species were reported as non-regenerating stages and 4%were newly introduced species.Hence,the regeneration status of the study area was considered fairly well since sapling(78.5%)>seedling(10.6%)≤mature(10.9%).Among tested environmental variables,elevation and annual mean rainfall were the most influential factors in the regeneration of tree species.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos:51503038 and 51873037).
文摘The exploitation of high performance redox-active substances is critically important for the development of non-aqueous redoxflow batteries.Herein,three tetrathiofulvalene(TTF)derivatives with different substitution groups,namely TTF diethyl ester(TTFDE),TTF tetramethyl ester(TTFTM),and TTF tetraethyl ester(TTFTE),are prepared and their energy storage properties are evaluated.It has been found that the redox potential and solubility of these TTF derivatives in conventional carbonate electrolytes increases with the number of ester groups.The battery with a catholyte of 0.2 mol L^(-1) of TTFTE delivers a specific capacity of more than 10 Ah L^(-1) at the current density of 0.5 C with two discharge voltage platforms locating at as high as 3.85 and 3.60 V vs.Li/Liþ.Its capacity retention can be improved from 2.34 Ah L^(-1) to 3.60 Ah L^(-1) after 100 cycles by the use of an anion exchange membrane to block the crossover of TTF species.The excellent cycling stability of the TIF esters is supported by their well-delocalized electrons,as revealed by the density function theory calculations.Therefore,the introduction of more and larger electron-withdrawing groups is a promising strategy to simultaneously increase the redox-potential and solubility of redox-active ma-terials for non-aqueous redoxflow batteries.
