The evolution of coronary intervention techniques and equipment has led to more sophisticated procedures for the treatment of highly complex lesions.However,as a result,the risk of complications has increased,which ar...The evolution of coronary intervention techniques and equipment has led to more sophisticated procedures for the treatment of highly complex lesions.However,as a result,the risk of complications has increased,which are mostly iatrogenic and often include equipment failure.Stent dislodgement warrants vigilance for the early diagnosis and a stepwise management approach is required to either expand or retrieve the lost stent.In the era of bioresorbable scaffolds that are not radiopaque,increased caution is required.Intravascular imaging may assist in detecting the lost scaffold in cases of no visibility fluoroscopically.Adequate lesion preparation is the key to minimizing the possibility of equipment loss;however,in the case that it occurs,commercially available and improvised devices and techniques may be applied.展开更多
Contrast-induced acute kidney injury(CI-AKI)is a major concern in clinical practice,particularly among high-risk patients with preexisting renal and cardiovascular conditions.Although periprocedural hydration has long...Contrast-induced acute kidney injury(CI-AKI)is a major concern in clinical practice,particularly among high-risk patients with preexisting renal and cardiovascular conditions.Although periprocedural hydration has long been the primary approach for CI-AKI prevention,recent advancements have led to the development of novel approaches such as RenalGuard and contrast removal systems.This editorial explores these emerging approaches and highlights their potential for enhancing CI-AKI prevention.By incorporating the latest evidence into clinical practice,health-care professionals can more effectively maintain renal function and improve outcomes for patients undergoing contrast-enhanced procedures.展开更多
Cervical cancer(CC) epidemiology CC, the fourth most frequently diagnosed malignancy in women worldwide, is a major global health challenge, particularly in low-resource regions. Approximately 88.1% of the 604,000 CC ...Cervical cancer(CC) epidemiology CC, the fourth most frequently diagnosed malignancy in women worldwide, is a major global health challenge, particularly in low-resource regions. Approximately 88.1% of the 604,000 CC new cases occurred in low-and middle-income countries in 2020, and more than 90% of the 342,000 CC deaths occurred in low-and middle-income countries in 2020~1.展开更多
Objective:Surgical procedures manifest immense risks to patients.One of the adverse events that healthcare professionals see as a threat to the patient’s health is the development of complications known as surgical s...Objective:Surgical procedures manifest immense risks to patients.One of the adverse events that healthcare professionals see as a threat to the patient’s health is the development of complications known as surgical site infection(SSI).Although several effor ts are being under taken to determine the proper means to reduce such complications,there is still a high incidence of SSI worldwide.Surgery requires knowledge in infection control and high precision in maintaining a clean surgical site.This study tested the effectiveness of an operating room(OR)bundle of care in preventing SSI in patients undergoing elective exploratory laparotomy cholecystectomy surgery.Methods:A quasi-experimental pretest and posttest design was utilized to determine its effectiveness.The study was composed of 60 par ticipants divided into two groups:30 subjects were selected to receive the OR bundle of care,while the other 30 subjects received the usual care.The groupings were determined through a systematic random sampling technique.The OR bundle of care had three interventions,namely:(1)maintaining perioperative normothermia,(2)no pre-operative surgical site hair removal,and(3)changing gloves before abdominal wall closure.These patients were evaluated using the standard instrument,Bates–Jensen Wound Assessment Tool(BWAT)in the post-intervention phases of the wound healing process,which are as follows:hemostasis,inflammatory,and proliferative phases.To describe the difference in the patients’wound status after implementation of the OR bundle of care in each post-intervention phase,Friedman’s test was used.To describe the difference in the patients’wound status in both groups after implementation of the OR bundle of care,the Mann–Whitney U test was used.Results:The patient’s wound status was lower,indicating a more healing process.Differences between the wound status of the control and the experimental group were observed on the third postoperative day.This indicates that the experimental group’s wound status healed much faster and more effectively than the control group based on the BWAT scoring severity scoring.A significant difference in the patient’s wound status from the hemostasis phase compared with the proliferative phase was observed.Conclusions:The OR bundle of care has been shown to be effective in preventing SSI in patients who had undergone exploratory laparotomy cholecystectomy surgery in the selected hospital,if there is uniform and consistent implementation of the said intervention.展开更多
The autumn season marks the peak incidence of respiratory diseases.In order to further enhance the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases in China and safeguard public health,the Academic Conference...The autumn season marks the peak incidence of respiratory diseases.In order to further enhance the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases in China and safeguard public health,the Academic Conference on Vaccines Preventing Respiratory Infections,organized by the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association(CPMA).展开更多
Background:Gastroesophageal variceal bleeding is one of the most severe complications of patients with cirrhosis.Although primary prevention drugs,including non-selectiveβ-blockers,have effectively reduced the incide...Background:Gastroesophageal variceal bleeding is one of the most severe complications of patients with cirrhosis.Although primary prevention drugs,including non-selectiveβ-blockers,have effectively reduced the incidence of bleeding,their efficacy is limited due to side effects and related contraindications.With recent advances in precision medicine,precise drug treatment provides better treatment efficacy.Data sources:Literature search was conducted in PubMed,MEDLINE and Web of Science for relevant articles published up to May 2022.Information on clinical trials was obtained from https://clinicaltrials.gov/and http://www.chictr.org.cn/.Results:The in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis and advances of portal hypertension has enabled the discovery of multiple molecular targets for promising drugs.According to the site of action,these drugs could be classified into four classes:intrahepatic,extrahepatic,both intrahepatic and extrahepatic targets and others.All these classes of drugs offer advantages over traditional treatments in prevention of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension.Conclusions:This review classified and summarized the promising drugs,which prevent gastroesophageal variceal bleeding by targeting specific markers of pathogenesis of portal hypertension,demonstrating the significance of using the precision medicine strategy to discover and develop promising drugs for the primary prevention of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension.展开更多
Adolescents are considered one of the most vulnerable groups affected by suicide.Rapid changes in adolescents’physical and mental states,as well as in their lives,significantly and undeniably increase the risk of sui...Adolescents are considered one of the most vulnerable groups affected by suicide.Rapid changes in adolescents’physical and mental states,as well as in their lives,significantly and undeniably increase the risk of suicide.Psychological,social,family,individual,and environmental factors are important risk factors for suicidal behavior among teenagers and may contribute to suicide risk through various direct,indirect,or combined pathways.Social-emotional learning is considered a powerful intervention measure for addressing the crisis of adolescent suicide.When deliberately cultivated,fostered,and enhanced,selfawareness,self-management,social awareness,interpersonal skills,and responsible decision-making,as the five core competencies of social-emotional learning,can be used to effectively target various risk factors for adolescent suicide and provide necessary mental and interpersonal support.Among numerous suicide intervention methods,school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence have shown great potential in preventing and addressing suicide risk factors in adolescents.The characteristics of school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence,including their appropriateness,necessity,cost-effectiveness,comprehensiveness,and effectiveness,make these interventions an important means of addressing the crisis of adolescent suicide.To further determine the potential of school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence and better address the issue of adolescent suicide,additional financial support should be provided,the combination of socialemotional learning and other suicide prevention programs within schools should be fully leveraged,and cooperation between schools and families,society,and other environments should be maximized.These efforts should be considered future research directions.展开更多
Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a highly infectious disease caused by a novel human coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Diabetes is a well-known risk factor for infectio...Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a highly infectious disease caused by a novel human coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Diabetes is a well-known risk factor for infectious diseases with high prevalence and increased severity.Here,we elucidated the possible factors for the increased vulnerability of diabetic patients to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the more severe COVID-19 illness.The worsened prognosis of patients with both COVID-19 and diabetes may be attributable to host receptor angiotensinconverting enzyme 2-assisted viral uptake.Moreover,insulin resistance is often associated with impaired mucosal and skin barrier integrity,resulting in microbiota dysbiosis,which increases susceptibility to viral infections.It may also be associated with higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines resulting from an impaired immune system in diabetics,inducing a cytokine storm and excessive inflammation.This review describes diabetes mellitus and its complications,explains the risk factors,such as disease characteristics and patient lifestyle,which may contribute to the high susceptibility of diabetic patients to COVID-19,and discusses preventive and therapeutic strategies for COVID-19-positive diabetic patients.展开更多
Cloud computing is one of the most attractive and cost-saving models,which provides online services to end-users.Cloud computing allows the user to access data directly from any node.But nowadays,cloud security is one...Cloud computing is one of the most attractive and cost-saving models,which provides online services to end-users.Cloud computing allows the user to access data directly from any node.But nowadays,cloud security is one of the biggest issues that arise.Different types of malware are wreaking havoc on the clouds.Attacks on the cloud server are happening from both internal and external sides.This paper has developed a tool to prevent the cloud server from spamming attacks.When an attacker attempts to use different spamming techniques on a cloud server,the attacker will be intercepted through two effective techniques:Cloudflare and K-nearest neighbors(KNN)classification.Cloudflare will block those IP addresses that the attacker will use and prevent spamming attacks.However,the KNN classifiers will determine which area the spammer belongs to.At the end of the article,various prevention techniques for securing cloud servers will be discussed,a comparison will be made with different papers,a conclusion will be drawn based on different results.展开更多
Prostate cancer poses a significant health challenge globally,demanding proactive prevention strategies.This editorial explores the emerging role of vitamin D in prostate cancer prevention.While traditionally associat...Prostate cancer poses a significant health challenge globally,demanding proactive prevention strategies.This editorial explores the emerging role of vitamin D in prostate cancer prevention.While traditionally associated with bone health,vitamin D is increasingly recognized for its broader impact on immune function,cellular signaling,and cancer prevention.Epidemiological studies suggest an intriguing link between vitamin D deficiency and elevated prostate cancer risk,particularly in regions with limited sunlight exposure.Mechanistically,vitamin D regulates cellular processes,inhibiting unchecked cancer cell growth and bols-tering immune surveillance.Personalized prevention strategies,considering individual factors,are deemed essential for harnessing the full potential of vitamin D.To unlock this potential,the future calls for robust research,public awareness campaigns,dietary improvements,and vigilant medical guidance.Collaborative efforts are poised to pave the way toward a future where vitamin D stands as a sentinel in prostate cancer prevention,ushering in hope and improved health for men worldwide.展开更多
Contrast-induced acute kidney injury(CI-AKI)is the third leading cause of acute kidney injury deriving from the intravascular administration of contrast media in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and leading to lo...Contrast-induced acute kidney injury(CI-AKI)is the third leading cause of acute kidney injury deriving from the intravascular administration of contrast media in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and leading to longer in-hospital stay and increased short and long-term mortality.Its pathophysiology,although not well-established,revolves around medullary hypoxia paired with the direct toxicity of the substance to the kidney.Critically ill patients,as well as those with pre-existing renal disease and cardiovascular comorbidities,are more susceptible to CI-AKI.Despite the continuous research in the field of CI-AKI prevention,clinical practice is based mostly on periprocedural hydration.In this review,all the investigated methods of prevention are presented,with an emphasis on the latest evidence regarding the potential of RenalGuard and contrast removal systems for CI-AKI prevention in high-risk individuals.展开更多
BACKGROUND New markers are needed to improve the effectiveness of serological screening for atrophic gastritis.AIM To develop a cost-effective method for serological screening of atrophic gastritis with a high level o...BACKGROUND New markers are needed to improve the effectiveness of serological screening for atrophic gastritis.AIM To develop a cost-effective method for serological screening of atrophic gastritis with a high level of sensitivity.METHODS Of the 169 patients with atrophic gastritis,selected by the visual endoscopic Kimura-Takemoto method,165 showed histological mucosal atrophy using the updated Kimura-Takemoto method.All 169 patients were examined for postprandial levels of gastrin-17(G17)and pepsinogen-1(PG1)using Gastro-Panel®(Biohit Plc,Helsinki,Finland).RESULTS We used the histological standard of five biopsies of the gastric mucosa,in accordance with the Kimura-Takemoto classification system to assess the sensitivity of G17 in detecting gastric mucosal atrophy.We also compared the morphofunctional relationships between the detected histological degree of gastric mucosal atrophy and the serological levels of G17 and PG1,as the markers of atrophic gastritis.The sensitivity of postprandial G17 was 62.2%for serological levels of G17(range:0-4 pmol/L)and 100%for serological G17(range:0-10 pmol/L)for the detection of monofocal severe atrophic gastritis.No strong correlation was found between the levels of PG1 and degree of histological atrophy determined by the Kimura-Takemoto classification system to identify the severity of mucosal atrophy of the gastric corpus.In the presented clinical case of a 63-year-old man with multifocal atrophic gastritis,there is a pronounced positive long-term dynamics of the serological marker of atrophy-postprandial G17,after five months of rennet replacement therapy.CONCLUSION Serological screening of multifocal atrophic gastritis by assessment of postprandial G17 is a cost-effective method with high sensitivity.Postprandial G17 is an earlier marker of regression of atrophic gastritis than a morphological examination of a gastric biopsy in accordance with the Sydney system.Therefore,postprandial G17 is recommended for dynamic monitoring of atrophic gastritis after treatment.展开更多
The differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases is complex and relies on clinical assessment,biomarker levels in cerebrospinal fluid,neuroimaging and neuropsychological assessment.The efforts of the scientifi...The differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases is complex and relies on clinical assessment,biomarker levels in cerebrospinal fluid,neuroimaging and neuropsychological assessment.The efforts of the scientific community are focused on two aspects:a)the discovery of minimally invasive biomarkers;b)the discovery of early biomarkers that can predict the progression to clinical disease in the presymptomatic stage of a disease.Considering the impact of the number of patients affected by chronic neurodegenerative diseases on public health expenditures,early diagnosis seems to be a primary need of our society.展开更多
We and others have published extensively on the benefits of physical activity(PA),exercise training,and cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)to decrease the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)and CVD and all-cause mo...We and others have published extensively on the benefits of physical activity(PA),exercise training,and cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)to decrease the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)and CVD and all-cause morbidity and mortality.^(1-5)Both PA and CRF are important;however,CRF,which is mostly obtained through PA,although there is a genetic component,seems to be even more important than PA for predicting prognosis.^(1,4-6)Certainly,the wealth of data from across the world has indicated that increasing PA to enhance CRF while mitigating sedentary behavior would go a long way to lessen the world-wide obesity epidemic and reduce CVD and all-cause mortality.展开更多
The Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China(2022)intricate landscape of cardiovascular health in China.This is the third section of the report with a specific focus on community-based prevention a...The Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China(2022)intricate landscape of cardiovascular health in China.This is the third section of the report with a specific focus on community-based prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases(CVD).This section of the report underscores the importance of initiatives outlined in the"Healthy China 2030 Plan,"emphasizing the comprehensive prevention and control strategy for chronic diseases.A key aspect of this plan involves the establishment of national demonstration areas aimed at comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases.By 2020,488 such areas had been set up across China,surpassing the initial target and covering a significant proportion of counties and districts.The report highlights the successful implementation of these strategies in Lishan district,Anshan city,where demonstration areas for comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases were launched in 2013.Over the course of seven years,the number of healthy units increased substantially,leading to improvements in managing risk factors for CVD among residents.Significant reductions in prevalence rates of overweight,obesity,smoking,passive smoking,and drinking were observed,along with the development of healthier behaviors among residents.Similarly,Qiaokou district in Wuhan City,designated as a national demonstration area in 2014,implemented comprehensive public health promotion initiatives.Notably,special clinics for hypertension intervention were established,contributing to an increase in self-reported rates of hypertension,a slight decrease in prevalence,and a remarkable improvement in the control rate among treated patients.Overall,these efforts underscore the effectiveness of community-based approaches in driving positive health outcomes and advancing the comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases,particularly cardiovascular diseases,in China.展开更多
This research aimed to study the preventive and relieving outcomes of kiwi berry on constipation.The administration of kiwi berries to mice resulted in a significant increase in body weight gain of 148.2%compared to m...This research aimed to study the preventive and relieving outcomes of kiwi berry on constipation.The administration of kiwi berries to mice resulted in a significant increase in body weight gain of 148.2%compared to mice that were constipated.The number of stools and the water content of stools both increased by 138.5%and 106.5%,respectively.The gastrointestinal transit rate increased by 45.3%,and the time it took for the first dark stool to form decreased by 57.5%.The levels of the excitability neurotransmitters were found to be higher in the group that had been given kiwi berries in comparison to the group that had been given loperamide.The opposite results were produced by vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP)and aquaporin-3(AQP3).In addition,kiwi berry consumption may lessen epithelial cell apoptosis and promote colon health.All the results point to kiwi berries as an extremely promising food supplement for the prevention and relief of constipation in the future since they successfully prevent and alleviate constipation brought on by loperamide.展开更多
In this article we comment on the article by Agatsuma et al.Our article focuses on the use of screening for colon cancer increases the likelihood of early diagnosis of colorectal cancer compared to those presenting af...In this article we comment on the article by Agatsuma et al.Our article focuses on the use of screening for colon cancer increases the likelihood of early diagnosis of colorectal cancer compared to those presenting after symptoms develop.Patients with symptoms were more likely to have left-sided lesions with resultant hematochezia and/or changes in bowel habits.In this study almost all patients in the screen group were first screened with immunochemical fecal occult blood testing.Colonoscopy was used either if it was thought to be the more appropriate initial screening modality or if the non-invasive test was positive.The exact timing when an initial screening colonoscopy should be performed is not totally clear from this study.However,early screening for colon cancer does reduce the risk of cancer diagnosis and more advanced cancer diagnoses.展开更多
Gastric cancer remains a significant global health challenge,causing a substantial number of cancer-related deaths,particularly in China.While the exact causes of gastric cancer are still being investigated,Helicobac-...Gastric cancer remains a significant global health challenge,causing a substantial number of cancer-related deaths,particularly in China.While the exact causes of gastric cancer are still being investigated,Helicobac-ter pylori(H.pylori)infection has been identified as the primary risk factor,which triggers chronic inflammation and a multistage progression of gastric lesions that may lead to carcinogenesis over a long latency time.Since the 1990s,numerous efforts have focused on assessing the effectiveness of H.pylori eradication in preventing new cases of gastric cancer among both the general population and patients who have undergone early-stage cancer treatment.This body of work,including several community-based interventions and meta-analyses,has shown a reduction in both the incidence of and mortality from gastric cancer following H.pylori treatment,alongside a decreased risk of metachronous gastric cancer.In this review,we seek to consolidate current knowledge on the effects of H.pylori treatment on gastric cancer prevention,its systemic consequences,cost-effectiveness,and the influence of antibiotic resistance and host characteristics on treatment outcomes.We further discuss the potential for precision primary prevention of H.pylori treatment and comment on the efficient implementation of test-and-treat policies and allocation of health resources towards minimizing the burden of gastric cancer globally.展开更多
Objective: To explore the practice and application of infection prevention and control strategies in risk departments during the COVID-19 epidemic, and to formulate the infection prevention and control measures to pro...Objective: To explore the practice and application of infection prevention and control strategies in risk departments during the COVID-19 epidemic, and to formulate the infection prevention and control measures to provide advice and guidance in risk departments. Methods: According to the latest plan of diagnosis and treatment, prevention and control issued by the National Health Commission, expert advice and consensus, combined with the actual situation in our hospital, a series of infection prevention and control measures of COVID-19 in risk department was formulated. Results: During the epidemic period, the prevention and control measures of nine risk departments including emergency operation, anesthesiology, endoscopy center, blood purification center, otolaryngology, stomatology, medical imaging department, medical cosmetology department and pulmonary function room were established from six aspects, including pre-examination and screening, medical technology control, personnel management, personal protection, environmental disinfection, medical waste disposal, etc. Conclusion: During the epidemic period, the infection prevention and control strategy of risk departments is one of the key links to control the spread of the epidemic, and risk departments must pay attention to and strictly implement various infection prevention and control measures.展开更多
Esophageal variceal bleeding is a severe complication often associated with portal hypertension,commonly due to liver cirrhosis.Prevention and treatment of this condition are critical for patient outcomes.Preventive s...Esophageal variceal bleeding is a severe complication often associated with portal hypertension,commonly due to liver cirrhosis.Prevention and treatment of this condition are critical for patient outcomes.Preventive strategies focus on reducing portal hypertension to prevent varices from developing or enlarging.Primary prophylaxis involves the use of non-selective beta-blockers,such as propranolol or nadolol,which lower portal pressure by decreasing cardiac output and thereby reducing blood flow to the varices.Endoscopic variceal ligation(EVL)may also be employed as primary prophylaxis to prevent initial bleeding episodes.Once bleeding occurs,immediate treatment is essential.Initial management includes hemodynamic stabilization followed by pharmacological therapy with vasoactive drugs such as octreotide or terlipressin to control bleeding.Endoscopic intervention is the cornerstone of treatment,with techniques such as EVL or sclerotherapy applied to directly manage the bleeding varices.In cases where bleeding is refractory to endoscopic treatment,transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt may be considered to effectively reduce portal pressure.Long-term management after an acute bleeding episode involves secondary prophylaxis using betablockers and repeated EVL sessions to prevent rebleeding,complemented by monitoring and managing liver function to address the underlying disease.In light of new scientific evidence,including the findings of the study by Peng et al,this editorial aims to review available strategies for the prevention and treatment of esophageal varices.展开更多
文摘The evolution of coronary intervention techniques and equipment has led to more sophisticated procedures for the treatment of highly complex lesions.However,as a result,the risk of complications has increased,which are mostly iatrogenic and often include equipment failure.Stent dislodgement warrants vigilance for the early diagnosis and a stepwise management approach is required to either expand or retrieve the lost stent.In the era of bioresorbable scaffolds that are not radiopaque,increased caution is required.Intravascular imaging may assist in detecting the lost scaffold in cases of no visibility fluoroscopically.Adequate lesion preparation is the key to minimizing the possibility of equipment loss;however,in the case that it occurs,commercially available and improvised devices and techniques may be applied.
文摘Contrast-induced acute kidney injury(CI-AKI)is a major concern in clinical practice,particularly among high-risk patients with preexisting renal and cardiovascular conditions.Although periprocedural hydration has long been the primary approach for CI-AKI prevention,recent advancements have led to the development of novel approaches such as RenalGuard and contrast removal systems.This editorial explores these emerging approaches and highlights their potential for enhancing CI-AKI prevention.By incorporating the latest evidence into clinical practice,health-care professionals can more effectively maintain renal function and improve outcomes for patients undergoing contrast-enhanced procedures.
基金supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [Research on Expending Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination, Grant Number: INV – 006373and Implementation Research around the Pilots of Cervical Cancer Elimination, Grant Number: INV-031449]。
文摘Cervical cancer(CC) epidemiology CC, the fourth most frequently diagnosed malignancy in women worldwide, is a major global health challenge, particularly in low-resource regions. Approximately 88.1% of the 604,000 CC new cases occurred in low-and middle-income countries in 2020, and more than 90% of the 342,000 CC deaths occurred in low-and middle-income countries in 2020~1.
文摘Objective:Surgical procedures manifest immense risks to patients.One of the adverse events that healthcare professionals see as a threat to the patient’s health is the development of complications known as surgical site infection(SSI).Although several effor ts are being under taken to determine the proper means to reduce such complications,there is still a high incidence of SSI worldwide.Surgery requires knowledge in infection control and high precision in maintaining a clean surgical site.This study tested the effectiveness of an operating room(OR)bundle of care in preventing SSI in patients undergoing elective exploratory laparotomy cholecystectomy surgery.Methods:A quasi-experimental pretest and posttest design was utilized to determine its effectiveness.The study was composed of 60 par ticipants divided into two groups:30 subjects were selected to receive the OR bundle of care,while the other 30 subjects received the usual care.The groupings were determined through a systematic random sampling technique.The OR bundle of care had three interventions,namely:(1)maintaining perioperative normothermia,(2)no pre-operative surgical site hair removal,and(3)changing gloves before abdominal wall closure.These patients were evaluated using the standard instrument,Bates–Jensen Wound Assessment Tool(BWAT)in the post-intervention phases of the wound healing process,which are as follows:hemostasis,inflammatory,and proliferative phases.To describe the difference in the patients’wound status after implementation of the OR bundle of care in each post-intervention phase,Friedman’s test was used.To describe the difference in the patients’wound status in both groups after implementation of the OR bundle of care,the Mann–Whitney U test was used.Results:The patient’s wound status was lower,indicating a more healing process.Differences between the wound status of the control and the experimental group were observed on the third postoperative day.This indicates that the experimental group’s wound status healed much faster and more effectively than the control group based on the BWAT scoring severity scoring.A significant difference in the patient’s wound status from the hemostasis phase compared with the proliferative phase was observed.Conclusions:The OR bundle of care has been shown to be effective in preventing SSI in patients who had undergone exploratory laparotomy cholecystectomy surgery in the selected hospital,if there is uniform and consistent implementation of the said intervention.
文摘The autumn season marks the peak incidence of respiratory diseases.In order to further enhance the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases in China and safeguard public health,the Academic Conference on Vaccines Preventing Respiratory Infections,organized by the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association(CPMA).
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81902484)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M670864)+2 种基金Youth Support Project of Jilin Association for Science and Technology(202028)Jilin Provincial Health Special Project(2020SCZT039)Jilin Health and Healthy Youth Science and Technology Training Plan(2020Q017).
文摘Background:Gastroesophageal variceal bleeding is one of the most severe complications of patients with cirrhosis.Although primary prevention drugs,including non-selectiveβ-blockers,have effectively reduced the incidence of bleeding,their efficacy is limited due to side effects and related contraindications.With recent advances in precision medicine,precise drug treatment provides better treatment efficacy.Data sources:Literature search was conducted in PubMed,MEDLINE and Web of Science for relevant articles published up to May 2022.Information on clinical trials was obtained from https://clinicaltrials.gov/and http://www.chictr.org.cn/.Results:The in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis and advances of portal hypertension has enabled the discovery of multiple molecular targets for promising drugs.According to the site of action,these drugs could be classified into four classes:intrahepatic,extrahepatic,both intrahepatic and extrahepatic targets and others.All these classes of drugs offer advantages over traditional treatments in prevention of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension.Conclusions:This review classified and summarized the promising drugs,which prevent gastroesophageal variceal bleeding by targeting specific markers of pathogenesis of portal hypertension,demonstrating the significance of using the precision medicine strategy to discover and develop promising drugs for the primary prevention of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension.
文摘Adolescents are considered one of the most vulnerable groups affected by suicide.Rapid changes in adolescents’physical and mental states,as well as in their lives,significantly and undeniably increase the risk of suicide.Psychological,social,family,individual,and environmental factors are important risk factors for suicidal behavior among teenagers and may contribute to suicide risk through various direct,indirect,or combined pathways.Social-emotional learning is considered a powerful intervention measure for addressing the crisis of adolescent suicide.When deliberately cultivated,fostered,and enhanced,selfawareness,self-management,social awareness,interpersonal skills,and responsible decision-making,as the five core competencies of social-emotional learning,can be used to effectively target various risk factors for adolescent suicide and provide necessary mental and interpersonal support.Among numerous suicide intervention methods,school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence have shown great potential in preventing and addressing suicide risk factors in adolescents.The characteristics of school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence,including their appropriateness,necessity,cost-effectiveness,comprehensiveness,and effectiveness,make these interventions an important means of addressing the crisis of adolescent suicide.To further determine the potential of school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence and better address the issue of adolescent suicide,additional financial support should be provided,the combination of socialemotional learning and other suicide prevention programs within schools should be fully leveraged,and cooperation between schools and families,society,and other environments should be maximized.These efforts should be considered future research directions.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission of Changning District,No.20234Y038.
文摘Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a highly infectious disease caused by a novel human coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Diabetes is a well-known risk factor for infectious diseases with high prevalence and increased severity.Here,we elucidated the possible factors for the increased vulnerability of diabetic patients to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the more severe COVID-19 illness.The worsened prognosis of patients with both COVID-19 and diabetes may be attributable to host receptor angiotensinconverting enzyme 2-assisted viral uptake.Moreover,insulin resistance is often associated with impaired mucosal and skin barrier integrity,resulting in microbiota dysbiosis,which increases susceptibility to viral infections.It may also be associated with higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines resulting from an impaired immune system in diabetics,inducing a cytokine storm and excessive inflammation.This review describes diabetes mellitus and its complications,explains the risk factors,such as disease characteristics and patient lifestyle,which may contribute to the high susceptibility of diabetic patients to COVID-19,and discusses preventive and therapeutic strategies for COVID-19-positive diabetic patients.
文摘Cloud computing is one of the most attractive and cost-saving models,which provides online services to end-users.Cloud computing allows the user to access data directly from any node.But nowadays,cloud security is one of the biggest issues that arise.Different types of malware are wreaking havoc on the clouds.Attacks on the cloud server are happening from both internal and external sides.This paper has developed a tool to prevent the cloud server from spamming attacks.When an attacker attempts to use different spamming techniques on a cloud server,the attacker will be intercepted through two effective techniques:Cloudflare and K-nearest neighbors(KNN)classification.Cloudflare will block those IP addresses that the attacker will use and prevent spamming attacks.However,the KNN classifiers will determine which area the spammer belongs to.At the end of the article,various prevention techniques for securing cloud servers will be discussed,a comparison will be made with different papers,a conclusion will be drawn based on different results.
文摘Prostate cancer poses a significant health challenge globally,demanding proactive prevention strategies.This editorial explores the emerging role of vitamin D in prostate cancer prevention.While traditionally associated with bone health,vitamin D is increasingly recognized for its broader impact on immune function,cellular signaling,and cancer prevention.Epidemiological studies suggest an intriguing link between vitamin D deficiency and elevated prostate cancer risk,particularly in regions with limited sunlight exposure.Mechanistically,vitamin D regulates cellular processes,inhibiting unchecked cancer cell growth and bols-tering immune surveillance.Personalized prevention strategies,considering individual factors,are deemed essential for harnessing the full potential of vitamin D.To unlock this potential,the future calls for robust research,public awareness campaigns,dietary improvements,and vigilant medical guidance.Collaborative efforts are poised to pave the way toward a future where vitamin D stands as a sentinel in prostate cancer prevention,ushering in hope and improved health for men worldwide.
文摘Contrast-induced acute kidney injury(CI-AKI)is the third leading cause of acute kidney injury deriving from the intravascular administration of contrast media in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and leading to longer in-hospital stay and increased short and long-term mortality.Its pathophysiology,although not well-established,revolves around medullary hypoxia paired with the direct toxicity of the substance to the kidney.Critically ill patients,as well as those with pre-existing renal disease and cardiovascular comorbidities,are more susceptible to CI-AKI.Despite the continuous research in the field of CI-AKI prevention,clinical practice is based mostly on periprocedural hydration.In this review,all the investigated methods of prevention are presented,with an emphasis on the latest evidence regarding the potential of RenalGuard and contrast removal systems for CI-AKI prevention in high-risk individuals.
文摘BACKGROUND New markers are needed to improve the effectiveness of serological screening for atrophic gastritis.AIM To develop a cost-effective method for serological screening of atrophic gastritis with a high level of sensitivity.METHODS Of the 169 patients with atrophic gastritis,selected by the visual endoscopic Kimura-Takemoto method,165 showed histological mucosal atrophy using the updated Kimura-Takemoto method.All 169 patients were examined for postprandial levels of gastrin-17(G17)and pepsinogen-1(PG1)using Gastro-Panel®(Biohit Plc,Helsinki,Finland).RESULTS We used the histological standard of five biopsies of the gastric mucosa,in accordance with the Kimura-Takemoto classification system to assess the sensitivity of G17 in detecting gastric mucosal atrophy.We also compared the morphofunctional relationships between the detected histological degree of gastric mucosal atrophy and the serological levels of G17 and PG1,as the markers of atrophic gastritis.The sensitivity of postprandial G17 was 62.2%for serological levels of G17(range:0-4 pmol/L)and 100%for serological G17(range:0-10 pmol/L)for the detection of monofocal severe atrophic gastritis.No strong correlation was found between the levels of PG1 and degree of histological atrophy determined by the Kimura-Takemoto classification system to identify the severity of mucosal atrophy of the gastric corpus.In the presented clinical case of a 63-year-old man with multifocal atrophic gastritis,there is a pronounced positive long-term dynamics of the serological marker of atrophy-postprandial G17,after five months of rennet replacement therapy.CONCLUSION Serological screening of multifocal atrophic gastritis by assessment of postprandial G17 is a cost-effective method with high sensitivity.Postprandial G17 is an earlier marker of regression of atrophic gastritis than a morphological examination of a gastric biopsy in accordance with the Sydney system.Therefore,postprandial G17 is recommended for dynamic monitoring of atrophic gastritis after treatment.
基金supported by grants from the Italian Ministry of Health(Ricerca Corrente to FRB,DG,GMT)。
文摘The differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases is complex and relies on clinical assessment,biomarker levels in cerebrospinal fluid,neuroimaging and neuropsychological assessment.The efforts of the scientific community are focused on two aspects:a)the discovery of minimally invasive biomarkers;b)the discovery of early biomarkers that can predict the progression to clinical disease in the presymptomatic stage of a disease.Considering the impact of the number of patients affected by chronic neurodegenerative diseases on public health expenditures,early diagnosis seems to be a primary need of our society.
文摘We and others have published extensively on the benefits of physical activity(PA),exercise training,and cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)to decrease the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)and CVD and all-cause morbidity and mortality.^(1-5)Both PA and CRF are important;however,CRF,which is mostly obtained through PA,although there is a genetic component,seems to be even more important than PA for predicting prognosis.^(1,4-6)Certainly,the wealth of data from across the world has indicated that increasing PA to enhance CRF while mitigating sedentary behavior would go a long way to lessen the world-wide obesity epidemic and reduce CVD and all-cause mortality.
文摘The Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China(2022)intricate landscape of cardiovascular health in China.This is the third section of the report with a specific focus on community-based prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases(CVD).This section of the report underscores the importance of initiatives outlined in the"Healthy China 2030 Plan,"emphasizing the comprehensive prevention and control strategy for chronic diseases.A key aspect of this plan involves the establishment of national demonstration areas aimed at comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases.By 2020,488 such areas had been set up across China,surpassing the initial target and covering a significant proportion of counties and districts.The report highlights the successful implementation of these strategies in Lishan district,Anshan city,where demonstration areas for comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases were launched in 2013.Over the course of seven years,the number of healthy units increased substantially,leading to improvements in managing risk factors for CVD among residents.Significant reductions in prevalence rates of overweight,obesity,smoking,passive smoking,and drinking were observed,along with the development of healthier behaviors among residents.Similarly,Qiaokou district in Wuhan City,designated as a national demonstration area in 2014,implemented comprehensive public health promotion initiatives.Notably,special clinics for hypertension intervention were established,contributing to an increase in self-reported rates of hypertension,a slight decrease in prevalence,and a remarkable improvement in the control rate among treated patients.Overall,these efforts underscore the effectiveness of community-based approaches in driving positive health outcomes and advancing the comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases,particularly cardiovascular diseases,in China.
基金The First Batch of Liaoning'Unveiling Leader'Scientific and Technological Projects(2021JH1/10400036)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-29)Liaoning Province food processing chief science and technology special commissioner(2022JH5/10400125)。
文摘This research aimed to study the preventive and relieving outcomes of kiwi berry on constipation.The administration of kiwi berries to mice resulted in a significant increase in body weight gain of 148.2%compared to mice that were constipated.The number of stools and the water content of stools both increased by 138.5%and 106.5%,respectively.The gastrointestinal transit rate increased by 45.3%,and the time it took for the first dark stool to form decreased by 57.5%.The levels of the excitability neurotransmitters were found to be higher in the group that had been given kiwi berries in comparison to the group that had been given loperamide.The opposite results were produced by vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP)and aquaporin-3(AQP3).In addition,kiwi berry consumption may lessen epithelial cell apoptosis and promote colon health.All the results point to kiwi berries as an extremely promising food supplement for the prevention and relief of constipation in the future since they successfully prevent and alleviate constipation brought on by loperamide.
文摘In this article we comment on the article by Agatsuma et al.Our article focuses on the use of screening for colon cancer increases the likelihood of early diagnosis of colorectal cancer compared to those presenting after symptoms develop.Patients with symptoms were more likely to have left-sided lesions with resultant hematochezia and/or changes in bowel habits.In this study almost all patients in the screen group were first screened with immunochemical fecal occult blood testing.Colonoscopy was used either if it was thought to be the more appropriate initial screening modality or if the non-invasive test was positive.The exact timing when an initial screening colonoscopy should be performed is not totally clear from this study.However,early screening for colon cancer does reduce the risk of cancer diagnosis and more advanced cancer diagnoses.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China(grant number:82273704)the Beijing Hospitals Author-ity Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support(grant number:ZLRK202325)+6 种基金Beijing Hospitals Authority’s Ascent Plan,Na-tional Key R&D Program of China(grant number:2018YFA0507503)Peking University Medicine Fund for world’s leading discipline or disci-pline cluster development(grant number:BMU2022XKQ004)Science Foundation of Peking University Cancer Hospital(grant number:2022-27)and Science Foundation of Peking University Cancer Hospital(grant number:XKFZ2410)he funding sources had no role in study designin the collection,analysis,and interpretation of datain the writing of the reportor in the decision to submit the article for publication.The funders had no role in study design,data collection,data analysis,data interpretation,or writing of the report.
文摘Gastric cancer remains a significant global health challenge,causing a substantial number of cancer-related deaths,particularly in China.While the exact causes of gastric cancer are still being investigated,Helicobac-ter pylori(H.pylori)infection has been identified as the primary risk factor,which triggers chronic inflammation and a multistage progression of gastric lesions that may lead to carcinogenesis over a long latency time.Since the 1990s,numerous efforts have focused on assessing the effectiveness of H.pylori eradication in preventing new cases of gastric cancer among both the general population and patients who have undergone early-stage cancer treatment.This body of work,including several community-based interventions and meta-analyses,has shown a reduction in both the incidence of and mortality from gastric cancer following H.pylori treatment,alongside a decreased risk of metachronous gastric cancer.In this review,we seek to consolidate current knowledge on the effects of H.pylori treatment on gastric cancer prevention,its systemic consequences,cost-effectiveness,and the influence of antibiotic resistance and host characteristics on treatment outcomes.We further discuss the potential for precision primary prevention of H.pylori treatment and comment on the efficient implementation of test-and-treat policies and allocation of health resources towards minimizing the burden of gastric cancer globally.
文摘Objective: To explore the practice and application of infection prevention and control strategies in risk departments during the COVID-19 epidemic, and to formulate the infection prevention and control measures to provide advice and guidance in risk departments. Methods: According to the latest plan of diagnosis and treatment, prevention and control issued by the National Health Commission, expert advice and consensus, combined with the actual situation in our hospital, a series of infection prevention and control measures of COVID-19 in risk department was formulated. Results: During the epidemic period, the prevention and control measures of nine risk departments including emergency operation, anesthesiology, endoscopy center, blood purification center, otolaryngology, stomatology, medical imaging department, medical cosmetology department and pulmonary function room were established from six aspects, including pre-examination and screening, medical technology control, personnel management, personal protection, environmental disinfection, medical waste disposal, etc. Conclusion: During the epidemic period, the infection prevention and control strategy of risk departments is one of the key links to control the spread of the epidemic, and risk departments must pay attention to and strictly implement various infection prevention and control measures.
文摘Esophageal variceal bleeding is a severe complication often associated with portal hypertension,commonly due to liver cirrhosis.Prevention and treatment of this condition are critical for patient outcomes.Preventive strategies focus on reducing portal hypertension to prevent varices from developing or enlarging.Primary prophylaxis involves the use of non-selective beta-blockers,such as propranolol or nadolol,which lower portal pressure by decreasing cardiac output and thereby reducing blood flow to the varices.Endoscopic variceal ligation(EVL)may also be employed as primary prophylaxis to prevent initial bleeding episodes.Once bleeding occurs,immediate treatment is essential.Initial management includes hemodynamic stabilization followed by pharmacological therapy with vasoactive drugs such as octreotide or terlipressin to control bleeding.Endoscopic intervention is the cornerstone of treatment,with techniques such as EVL or sclerotherapy applied to directly manage the bleeding varices.In cases where bleeding is refractory to endoscopic treatment,transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt may be considered to effectively reduce portal pressure.Long-term management after an acute bleeding episode involves secondary prophylaxis using betablockers and repeated EVL sessions to prevent rebleeding,complemented by monitoring and managing liver function to address the underlying disease.In light of new scientific evidence,including the findings of the study by Peng et al,this editorial aims to review available strategies for the prevention and treatment of esophageal varices.
