Aims.Return to work(RTW)after breast cancer is a complex process that questions the individual trajectories of patients and stakeholders.Program planning in this context requires relying on appropriate methods like In...Aims.Return to work(RTW)after breast cancer is a complex process that questions the individual trajectories of patients and stakeholders.Program planning in this context requires relying on appropriate methods like Intervention Mapping(IM)which encompasses such complexity.The aim of the methodological study is to describe an application of IM for both the design and production of a patient guide supporting RTW after breast cancer.Procedure.According to IM,the guide was co-constructed with a Community Advisory Board(CAB)of stakeholders(patients/associations,health professionals,companies,institutions)after considering other options(interactive website,mobile application).The design was done with empirical and theoretical anchoring,guided here by an Ecosystem Process of Change model.A communication agency was chosen to produce the document.Pre-tests were conducted with a representative panel of the target audience to assess the different prototypes elaborated,using questionnaires and a focus group.Results.The final structure of the guide is presented with comments in order to concretely illustrate the management of IM steps 3 and 4.The final structure of the guide is presented,along with a description of its components that target women(according to Prochaska et Di Clemente’s stages of change)and their environment(by use of levers they may activate).The results of the pre-test led to the simplification of the guide and its structure.Conclusion.IM allows a rich integration of experiential knowledge in the planning of complex health and public health programs.The development of the guide has attempted to integrate its aspects,in particular to promote both its implementation and its effects.Reflections are brought about the realistic evaluation of such complex interventions.展开更多
A subfamily of four Phytochrome （phy）-Interacting bHLH transcription Factors （PIFs） collectively promote skotomorphogenic development in dark-grown seedlings. This activity is reversed upon exposure to light, by p...A subfamily of four Phytochrome （phy）-Interacting bHLH transcription Factors （PIFs） collectively promote skotomorphogenic development in dark-grown seedlings. This activity is reversed upon exposure to light, by photoacti- vated phy molecules that induce degradation of the PIFs, thereby triggering the transcriptional changes that drive a tran- sition to photomorphogenesis. The PIFs function both redundantly and partially differentially at the morphogenic level in this process, To identify the direct targets of PIF transcriptional regulation genome-wide, we analyzed the DNA-binding sites for all four PIFs by ChlP-seq analysis, and defined the genes transcriptionally regulated by each PIF, using RNA-seq analysis of pif mutants. Despite the absence of detectable differences in DNA-binding-motif recognition between the PIFs, the data show a spectrum of regulatory patterns, ranging from single PIF dominance to equal contributions by all four. Similarly, a broad array of promoter architectures was found, ranging from single PIF-binding sites, containing single sequence motifs, through multiple PIF-binding sites, each containing one or more motifs, with each site occupied prefer- entially by one to multiple PIFs. Quantitative analysis of the promoter occupancy and expression level induced by each PIF revealed an intriguing pattern. Although there is no robust correlation broadly across the target-gene population, examination of individual genes that are shared targets of multiple PIFs shows a gradation in correlation from strongly positive, through uncorrelated, to negative. This finding suggests a dual-layered mechanism of transcriptional regulation, comprising both a continuum of binding-site occupancy by each PIF and a superimposed layer of local regulation that acts differentially on each PIF, to modulate its intrinsic transcriptional activation capacity at each site, in a quantitative pattern that varies between the individual PIFs from gene to gene. These findings provide a framework for probing the mecha- nisms by which transcription factors with overlapping direct-target genes integrate and selectively transduce signals to their target networks.展开更多
文摘Aims.Return to work(RTW)after breast cancer is a complex process that questions the individual trajectories of patients and stakeholders.Program planning in this context requires relying on appropriate methods like Intervention Mapping(IM)which encompasses such complexity.The aim of the methodological study is to describe an application of IM for both the design and production of a patient guide supporting RTW after breast cancer.Procedure.According to IM,the guide was co-constructed with a Community Advisory Board(CAB)of stakeholders(patients/associations,health professionals,companies,institutions)after considering other options(interactive website,mobile application).The design was done with empirical and theoretical anchoring,guided here by an Ecosystem Process of Change model.A communication agency was chosen to produce the document.Pre-tests were conducted with a representative panel of the target audience to assess the different prototypes elaborated,using questionnaires and a focus group.Results.The final structure of the guide is presented with comments in order to concretely illustrate the management of IM steps 3 and 4.The final structure of the guide is presented,along with a description of its components that target women(according to Prochaska et Di Clemente’s stages of change)and their environment(by use of levers they may activate).The results of the pre-test led to the simplification of the guide and its structure.Conclusion.IM allows a rich integration of experiential knowledge in the planning of complex health and public health programs.The development of the guide has attempted to integrate its aspects,in particular to promote both its implementation and its effects.Reflections are brought about the realistic evaluation of such complex interventions.
文摘A subfamily of four Phytochrome （phy）-Interacting bHLH transcription Factors （PIFs） collectively promote skotomorphogenic development in dark-grown seedlings. This activity is reversed upon exposure to light, by photoacti- vated phy molecules that induce degradation of the PIFs, thereby triggering the transcriptional changes that drive a tran- sition to photomorphogenesis. The PIFs function both redundantly and partially differentially at the morphogenic level in this process, To identify the direct targets of PIF transcriptional regulation genome-wide, we analyzed the DNA-binding sites for all four PIFs by ChlP-seq analysis, and defined the genes transcriptionally regulated by each PIF, using RNA-seq analysis of pif mutants. Despite the absence of detectable differences in DNA-binding-motif recognition between the PIFs, the data show a spectrum of regulatory patterns, ranging from single PIF dominance to equal contributions by all four. Similarly, a broad array of promoter architectures was found, ranging from single PIF-binding sites, containing single sequence motifs, through multiple PIF-binding sites, each containing one or more motifs, with each site occupied prefer- entially by one to multiple PIFs. Quantitative analysis of the promoter occupancy and expression level induced by each PIF revealed an intriguing pattern. Although there is no robust correlation broadly across the target-gene population, examination of individual genes that are shared targets of multiple PIFs shows a gradation in correlation from strongly positive, through uncorrelated, to negative. This finding suggests a dual-layered mechanism of transcriptional regulation, comprising both a continuum of binding-site occupancy by each PIF and a superimposed layer of local regulation that acts differentially on each PIF, to modulate its intrinsic transcriptional activation capacity at each site, in a quantitative pattern that varies between the individual PIFs from gene to gene. These findings provide a framework for probing the mecha- nisms by which transcription factors with overlapping direct-target genes integrate and selectively transduce signals to their target networks.
